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48-653: Hertford ( / ˈ h ɑːr t f ər d / HART -fərd ) is the county town of Hertfordshire , England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. The parish had a population of 26,783 at the 2011 census. The town grew around a ford on the River Lea , near its confluences with the rivers Mimram , Beane , and Rib . The Lea is navigable from the Thames up to Hertford. Fortified settlements were established on each side of

96-473: A FA Charter Standard Football Club , plays at County Hall Playing Fields, situated next to the headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council at County Hall in Hertford. Other clubs in the surrounding area include Bury Rangers , Hertford Heath Youth FC and Bengeo Tigers Football Club (an award-winning FA Charter Standard Community Football Club .) Hertford Cricket Club is based in the town. Records for

144-425: A Hertford club go back a far as 1825,. However, the club in its present form has been in existence since 1860. The club plays its matches at Balls park, Hertford. Currently the club runs five teams and all the teams play in the local league. Two railway stations serve Hertford - Hertford East and Hertford North . Transport for London Oyster cards are valid for payment and travel at both stations. Hertford East

192-498: A bailiff. Another charter of 1605 changed the bailiff's title to mayor. Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , Hertford became a Municipal borough ; the ratepayers elected twelve councillors , who chose four aldermen , with the aldermen and councillors together composing the council (also known as the corporation), which elected the mayor. The Hertford poor law union was established in 1835, covering

240-409: A casting vote in the case of a tied vote at a meeting. The role of chairman is usually held by a different councillor each year. Political leadership is provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 2001 have been: Following the 2023 election and changes of allegiance up to December 2023 the composition of the council was: The next elections are due to be held in 2027. The council

288-470: A fully mature stag ; thus the meaning of the name is a ford where harts are found. The Domesday Book of 1086 gives a spelling of Hertforde . One possible earlier mention of the town was in 672 AD: the first synod of a number of the bishops in England was held either in Hertford or at Hartford, Cambridgeshire . The synod was called by Theodore of Tarsus ; decisions included the calculation of

336-465: A seventh, which were all abolished at the same time: The new district was named East Hertfordshire, reflecting its position within the wider county. The boundaries of East Hertfordshire have remained largely consistent since 1974, although minor alterations have been made on occasion, particularly along the eastern boundary which largely follows the River Stort to reflect the changing course of

384-525: A small stretch of the M11 at Bishop's Stortford. The major roads within the district include: A10 - (north-south) from London to Cambridge: enters after Hoddesdon , Hertfordshire, leaves before Royston dualled. A414 - (WSW-ENE) from Welwyn to Harlow, through Hertford, where it forms the Hertford by-pass. A602 - (SE-NW), connecting at A10 at Ware with the A1(M) at Stevenage. A120 - (west-east) connecting

432-635: Is McMullen's Brewery , which has been based in the town since 1827. The town is also popular with commuters, being only 20 miles (32 km) north of central London and connected to it by two railway lines. The earliest reference to the town appears in the Ecclesiastical History of the English People , written by Bede in 731 AD, which refers to Herutford . Herut is the Old English spelling of hart , meaning

480-406: Is based at Wallfields on Pegs Lane in Hertford. The original building there was a large nineteenth century house, which had been bought in 1950 by Hertford Rural District Council and converted to become its offices. It subsequently became the headquarters of East Hertfordshire District Council following local government reorganisation in 1974, and large modern extensions have subsequently been added to

528-614: Is near Taplow in Berkshire , near Slough and Maidenhead . To the east, NCR61 meets NCR1 near Hoddesdon. Hertford is the northern terminus of the Lee Navigation and the associated towpath , which carries NCR61 for part of its route. The towpath's southern terminus is in Limehouse , East London . The cycle route passes through Ware, Hoddesdon, Broxbourne, Enfield Lock , Tottenham , Leyton and Hackney Wick . Hertford

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576-425: Is officially called 'East Hertfordshire District Council', but its corporate branding is 'East Herts Council'. The council has been under no overall control since the 2023 election , being run by a Green Party and Liberal Democrats coalition, led by Green councillor Ben Crystall. The first election to East Hertfordshire District Council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside

624-830: Is one of ten local government districts in Hertfordshire , England . Its council is based in Hertford , the county town of Hertfordshire. The largest town in the district is Bishop's Stortford , and the other main towns are Ware , Buntingford and Sawbridgeworth . At the 2011 Census , the population of the district was 137,687. By area it is the largest of the ten local government districts in Hertfordshire. The district borders North Hertfordshire , Stevenage , Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, and Epping Forest , Harlow and Uttlesford in Essex . In

672-496: Is the capital of Northern Ireland, it is not the county town of any county. Greater Belfast straddles two counties – Antrim and Down. Jamaica's three counties were established in 1758 to facilitate the holding of courts along the lines of the British county court system, with each county having a county town. The counties have no current administrative relevance. East Hertfordshire District Council East Hertfordshire

720-633: Is the county town of Lancashire , but the county council is in Preston . Due to the creation of unitary authorities , some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire , and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex . On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically. This list shows towns or cities which held county functions at various points in time. Following

768-539: Is the northern terminus of the navigable River Lea, which is managed by the Canal and River Trust . Southbound, the river runs towards Bromley-by-Bow in East London, through Ware, Hoddesdon, Broxbourne, Enfield Lock, Tottenham, Leyton and Hackney Wick. The river meets the navigable River Stort at Hoddesdon, which runs northbound through Harlow, Sawbridgeworth and Bishop's Stortford. The Hertford Union Canal and

816-618: Is the northwestern terminus of the Hertford East Branch Line . Greater Anglia manages the station and operates trains between Hertford East and London Liverpool Street in the City of London . The Hertford East Branch Line along with the West Anglia Main Line provide the town with direct connections to Ware , Broxbourne , Cheshunt , Waltham Cross , Tottenham Hale and Hackney Downs . At Broxbourne -

864-560: The Crystal Palace TV transmitter and the local relay transmitter. Local radio stations are BBC Three Counties Radio on 90.4 FM and Heart Hertfordshire on 106.9 FM. Hertford's local newspaper is the Hertfordshire Mercury . County town The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster

912-904: The Limehouse Cut connect the Lee Navigation with the Regent's Canal in London. Lee and Stort Boat Company runs a waterbus at various points throughout the year, with a route between Hertford and Ware. Secondary schools in Hertford include the Sele School , Richard Hale School and Simon Balle All-through School (which also includes primary provision; other primary schools include Hollybush JMI, Millmead Community School, Bengeo Primary School, Morgans Primary School and Nursery, Abel Smith School (named after banker and MP Abel Smith (1788–1859)), St Andrew's School, St. Josephs RC School and Wheatcroft School. Private schools include St. Joseph's in

960-613: The Norman invasion of Wales , the Cambro-Normans created the historic shire system (also known as ancient counties). Many of these counties were named for the centre of Norman power within the new county (Caernarfonshire named for Caernarfon, Monmouthshire named for Monmouth) others were named after the previous medieval Welsh kingdoms (Ceredigon becomes Cardigan, Morgannwg becomes Glamorgan). The 1535 Laws in Wales Act established

1008-857: The Rib , Beane and Mimram join the River Lea at Hertford to flow east and then south toward the Thames as the Lee Navigation , after Hertford Castle Weir . The shared valley of the Lea and the Beane is called Hartham Common and this provides a large park to one side of the town centre running towards Ware and lying below the ridge upon which Bengeo is situated. The town centre still has its medieval layout with many timber-framed buildings hidden under later frontages, particularly in St Andrew Street . Hertford suffers from traffic problems despite

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1056-611: The 2006 edition of Channel 4 's "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was rated the seventh-best district to live in. In 2012, East Hertfordshire came ninth in Halifax bank's annual survey of most desirable places to live. It came first in this survey in 2020. East Hertfordshire was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , covering the whole area of six former districts and most of

1104-652: The A10 at Standon with the M11 at Bishop's Stortford. None of the above roads are classified as trunk roads . Therefore, they are maintained by Hertfordshire County Council while responsibility for the M11 rests with National Highways . Stansted Airport lies just outside East Hertfordshire, being in the neighbouring district of Uttlesford in Essex. Many of the district's towns have rail services into London at King's Cross , Moorgate , and Liverpool Street . In terms of television,

1152-512: The City of London, through Cheshunt , Enfield and Tottenham . Northbound, the route runs towards King's Lynn in Norfolk via Buntingford , Royston , Cambridge and Ely . The A414 runs east-west through Hertford, along Hertingfordbury Road , Gascoyne Way and London Road. The primary route runs eastbound towards the A10, Harlow , the M11 motorway , Chelmsford and Maldon . Westbound,

1200-578: The Intalink enhanced partnership which choreographs the local bus network. In January 2024, the local town network was connected into an integrated group of routes numbered H1-H6, operated by Vectare under the Central Connect brand. Bus routes in Hertford include: National Cycle Route 61 runs east-west through Hertford. Between Welwyn Garden City and Ware, through Hertford, the route is also known as Cole Green Way . The route's western terminus

1248-600: The North and Scotland , and towards Letchworth , Royston and Cambridge. South of Finsbury Park, services run towards King's Cross, London St Pancras , Farringdon , Gatwick Airport and Brighton . The A10 runs north-south through the east of Hertford. Kingsmead Viaduct carries the A10 across the River Lea between Hertford and Ware . Southbound, the route runs towards the M25 London Orbital motorway and

1296-792: The Park in Hertingfordbury , Duncombe School, (a preparatory school in Bengeo ) and Haileybury College in Hertford Heath . Pinewood and Middleton Schools are special needs schools that are available in neighbouring Ware . Former schools include The Pines JMI School, which was built on the Pinehurst estate in 1977 and closed in 2003. Hertford is within the BBC London and ITV London region. Television signals are received from

1344-622: The administrative headquarters in some cases moved away from the traditional county town. Furthermore, in 1965 and 1974 there were major boundary changes in England and Wales and administrative counties were replaced with new metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties . The boundaries underwent further alterations between 1995 and 1998 to create unitary authorities , and some of the ancient counties and county towns were restored. (Note: not all headquarters are or were called County Halls or Shire Halls e.g.: Cumbria County Council's HQ up until 2016

1392-535: The area is served by BBC London and ITV London with television signals received from the Crystal Palace transmitter BBC East and ITV Anglia can also be received from the Sandy Heath TV transmitter. Radio stations for the area are: The area is served by local newspaper, Hertfordshire Mercury . The district's biggest employer is the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline , which has

1440-699: The castle because of an outbreak of plague in London. Hertford grew and prospered as a market and county town ; communication was improved by the construction of the Lea Navigation Canal in 1767 and the arrival of the railway in 1843. The Port Hill drill hall was completed in 1898 and Yeomanry House was brought into military use in 1910. Hartford, Connecticut is named after Hertford. Hertford has three tiers of local government at parish (town), district, and county level: Hertford Town Council, East Hertfordshire District Council , and Hertfordshire County Council , all three of which are based in

1488-594: The date of Easter. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 913   AD, Edward the Elder ordered the construction of two burhs (earthwork fortifications) either side of the ford over the River Lea at Hertford as part of his campaign against the Danes . By the time of the Domesday Book , Hertford had two churches, two markets and three mills. The Normans began work on Hertford Castle , and Hertford Priory

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1536-655: The existence of the 1960s A414 bypass called Gascoyne Way which passes close to the town centre. Plans have long existed to connect the A10 with the A414, by-passing the town completely. Nevertheless, the town retains very much a country-town feel, despite lying only 19.2 miles (30.9 km) north of Central London . This is aided by its proximity to larger towns such as Harlow , Bishop's Stortford and Stevenage where modern development has been focused. Suburbs and estates Nearby Hertford A fair amount of employment in

1584-505: The ford at Hertford in 913   AD. The county of Hertfordshire was established at a similar time, being named after and administered from Hertford. Hertford Castle was built shortly after the Norman Conquest in 1066 and remained a royal residence until the early seventeenth century. Hertfordshire County Council and East Hertfordshire District Council both have their main offices in the town and are major local employers, as

1632-609: The former Christ's Hospital Bluecoat Girls School, which closed down in 1985. Sainsbury's opened a new store on part of the McMullens Brewery site in June 2012. A Waitrose occupied a reasonably large store in the Bircherley Green Shopping area that closed on 12 September 2017. The local branch of Woolworths closed for good on 27 December 2008, after the collapse of that store chain. There are fewer of

1680-543: The historic counties in English law , but in Wales they were later replaced with eight preserved counties for ceremonial purposes and the twenty two principal areas are used for administrative purposes. Neither of these subdivisions use official county towns, although their administrative headquarters and ceremonial centres are often located in the historic county town. With the creation of elected county councils in 1889,

1728-403: The offices of Hertford Rural District Council . From at least 1634, Hertford Corporation used an escutcheon (shield) depicting a hart above water to indicate a ford. The borough council was granted the right to complement its arms with a badge in 1925, and supporters were added in 1937. The coat of arms is now used by Hertford Town Council. Hertford is at the confluence of four river valleys:

1776-503: The original house. Since the last boundary changes in 2023, there have been 50 councillors elected from 26 wards . Elections for the whole council are held every four years. The 26 wards of East Hertfordshire are: East Hertfordshire straddles four parliamentary constituencies: Broxbourne , Hertford and Stortford , North East Hertfordshire and Stevenage . The district is entirely parished. See List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire . The district contains only one motorway -

1824-417: The outgoing authorities until the new system came into force on 1 April 1974. Political control since 1974 has been as follows: The role of Chairman of East Hertfordshire District Council is largely ceremonial. They preside at council meetings and act as first citizen of the district. They are chosen from the councillors but have to maintain a non-political stance, although they do have the right to exercise

1872-517: The river, and along the border with Stevenage to respond to new developments. Hertfordshire has a two-tier structure of local government, with the ten district councils (including East Herts Council) providing district-level services, and Hertfordshire County Council providing county-level services. East Herts Council is responsible for a range of local services including refuse and recycling collection, planning, building control, licensing, housing, parking and council tax collection. The council

1920-530: The route carries traffic towards Hatfield , the A1(M) motorway , St Albans and Hemel Hempstead . The A119 runs eastbound from Hertford into Ware. The route runs northbound from Hertford towards Watton-at-Stone and the A602 for Stevenage . Hertford Bus Station lies to the east of Bircherley Street in Hertford town centre. Long-distance routes through Hertford include: Hertfordshire County Council manages

1968-861: The southeastern terminus of the branch line - the West Anglia Main Line runs northbound towards Bishop's Stortford , Audley End and Cambridge . Hertford North is on the Hertford Loop Line , a branch of the East Coast Main Line . Great Northern operates trains northbound towards Watton-at-Stone and Stevenage . Southbound, Great Northern trains run towards London Moorgate in the City through Enfield Chase , Alexandra Palace , Finsbury Park and Highbury and Islington . Some timetabled services run southbound into London King's Cross instead of Moorgate. North of Stevenage, trains run towards Hitchin , Peterborough ,

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2016-463: The town and surrounding rural parishes. Hertford Corporation used part of the Shire Hall as a Town Hall until 1911, when it moved into the surviving gatehouse of Hertford Castle . Under the Local Government Act 1972 , Hertford Municipal Borough was abolished, merging with other districts to become part of the district of East Hertfordshire with effect from 1 April 1974. A successor parish

2064-514: The town is centred on County Hall ( Hertfordshire County Council ), Wallfields ( East Hertfordshire District Council ) and McMullens Brewery , one of a dwindling number of independent pre-1970 family brewers in the United Kingdom. Many residents commute to work in London. Hertford differs from neighbouring towns as it lacks a modern shopping development (mall). However, it has most of the usual supermarkets. A Tesco store occupies part of

2112-461: The town. Hertford has been the county town of Hertfordshire since the county was founded in Saxon times. The town also gave its name to the hundred of Hertford . The town was initially governed by the king's reeves . By the thirteenth century, the reeves had been replaced by a bailiff , elected by the burgesses . Charters of 1554 and 1589 established a common council of eleven chief burgesses and

2160-453: The usual chain shops found in most high streets and this makes Hertford stand out from other " clone towns ". There are a high number of independent shops in the town, with a variety of boutiques and salons. Hertford has a leisure centre and swimming pool, skatepark, bowling green and tennis courts on Hartham Common . The town has a Non-League football club, Hertford Town F.C. , which plays at Hertingfordbury Park. Hertford Town Youth FC ,

2208-476: Was called The Courts and has since moved to Cumbria House.) Before 1974, many of the county halls were in towns and cities that had the status of a county borough i.e. a borough outside the county council's jurisdiction. The follow lists the location of the administration of each of the 31 local authorities in the Republic of Ireland, with 26 of the traditional counties. Note – Despite the fact that Belfast

2256-567: Was created covering the former borough of Hertford, with its parish council taking the name Hertford Town Council. The town council is based at the former offices of the borough corporation at Hertford Castle. The headquarters of Hertfordshire County Council is at County Hall , built in 1939 to replace the Shire Hall. East Hertfordshire District Council's offices almost adjoin County Hall, being at Wallfields, which prior to 1974 had been

2304-540: Was founded by Ralph de Limesy . King Henry II rebuilt the castle in stone, but in 1216, during the First Barons' War , it was besieged and captured after 25 days by Prince Louis of France . The castle was regularly visited by English royalty and in 1358, Queen Isabella , wife of Edward II , died there. The priory was dissolved in 1536 and subsequently demolished and in 1563, the Parliament of England met at

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