Misplaced Pages

#695304

125-615: The Human Be-In focused the key ideas of the 1960s counterculture : personal empowerment, cultural and political decentralization, communal living , ecological awareness, higher consciousness (with the aid of psychedelic drugs), acceptance of illicit psychedelics use, and radical New Left political consciousness . The hippie movement developed out of disaffected student communities around San Francisco State University , City College and Berkeley and in San Francisco's beat generation poets and jazz hipsters , who also combined

250-1230: A pacifism orientation, naturism , etc, ...". In 1968, in Carrara , Italy the International of Anarchist Federations was founded during an international anarchist conference held there in 1968 by the three existing European federations of France , the Italian and the Iberian Anarchist Federation as well as the Bulgarian federation in French exile. During the events of May 68 the anarchist groups active in France were Fédération Anarchiste , Mouvement communiste libertaire, Union fédérale des anarchistes, Alliance ouvrière anarchiste, Union des groupes anarchistes communistes, Noir et Rouge, Confédération nationale du travail , Union anarcho-syndicaliste, Organisation révolutionnaire anarchiste, Cahiers socialistes libertaires , À contre-courant , La Révolution prolétarienne , and

375-491: A 1960s " mod " party backdrop, delivering one- and two-line jokes interspersed with a few bars of dance music. (This was similar in format to the "Word Dance" segments of A Thurber Carnival , and would later be imitated on The Muppet Show .) Another weekly segment was "Laugh-In Looks at the News", which began with the female cast members singing the segment's opening theme in a different costumed set piece each week, often with

500-650: A dynamic subculture that celebrated experimentation, individuality, modern incarnations of Bohemianism , and the rise of the hippie and other alternative lifestyles . This embrace of experimentation is particularly notable in the works of popular musical acts such as the Beatles , Jimi Hendrix , Jim Morrison , Janis Joplin and Bob Dylan , as well as of New Hollywood , French New Wave , and Japanese New Wave filmmakers, whose works became far less restricted by censorship. Within and across many disciplines, many other creative artists, authors, and thinkers helped define

625-544: A more avant-garde ambience. The Cocktail Party set now consisted of oversized cutouts of celebrity and historical figures. The show began to depart from both its Hippie -esque "vibe" and humor and its leanings toward the counterculture of the 1960s . There were now significantly fewer jokes and less commentary about race relations and anti- Vietnam War sentiment. New cast members: Dennis Allen , writer-actress Ann Elder , and tap dancer Barbara Sharma . Cast departures: Gibson left after episode 10 and Johnson left after

750-436: A narcotic , and the attachment of severe criminal penalties for its use, drove the act of smoking marijuana, and experimentation with substances in general, deep underground. Many began to live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from their governments. The confrontations between college students (and other activists) and law enforcement officials became one of

875-594: A one-time special on September 9, 1967, and was such a success that it was brought back as a series, replacing The Man from U.N.C.L.E. on Mondays at 8 pm (ET). It quickly became the most popular television show in the United States. The title of the show was a play on the 1960s Hippie culture " love-ins " or the Counterculture " be-ins ", terms derived from the " sit-ins " common in protests associated with civil rights and antiwar demonstrations of

1000-558: A purse. He also appeared in many of the Cocktail Party scenes, primarily Season 6, where he directed his band as they stopped and started between jokes. Composer-lyricist Billy Barnes wrote all of the original musical production numbers in the show, and often appeared on-camera, accompanying Johnson, Buzzi, Worley, or Sues, on a golden grand piano. Barnes was the creator of the Billy Barnes Revue of 1959 and 1960. For

1125-409: A rapid-fire series of gags and sketches, many of which were politically charged or contained sexual innuendo. The co-hosts continued the exasperated "straight man" (Rowan) and "dumb guy" (Martin) double act that they had established as nightclub comics. The show featured Gary Owens as the on-screen radio continuity announcer , and an ensemble cast. Ruth Buzzi was part of the ensemble throughout

1250-460: A rethinking of the direction of the United States and other democratic societies . Post-war affluence allowed much of the counterculture generation to move beyond the provision of the material necessities of life that had preoccupied their Depression-era parents. The era was also notable in that a significant portion of the array of behaviors and "causes" within the larger movement were quickly assimilated within mainstream society, particularly in

1375-754: A rift of dissent within the establishment. In the UK, the Profumo affair also involved establishment leaders being caught in deception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a catalyst for liberal activism. The Cuban Missile Crisis , which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in October 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech and actions on the part of the Soviet Union. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in November 1963, and

SECTION 10

#1732772665696

1500-495: A search for intuitive spontaneity with a rejection of " middle-class morality ". Allen Ginsberg personified the transition between the beat and hippie generations. The Human Be-In took its name from a chance remark by the artist Michael Bowen made at the Love Pageant Rally . The playful name combined humanist values with the scores of sit-ins that had been reforming college and university practices and eroding

1625-440: A theme, while others involved reoccurring characters created by the cast. In others, cast members and guest stars would simply appear as themselves, delivering jokes or reacting to a previous sketch. In addition to the announced guest star or stars of the evening, some recurring guest stars would appear unannounced multiple times through a season (which was easy to accomplish given the show's non-linear taping sessions). A trademark of

1750-458: A widened area of consciousness, love and sexual experimentation as more worthy of their attention than entering the rat race. The straight, consumerist lifestyle was not to their liking, but they did not object to others living it. But at that time the middle classes still felt they had the right to impose their values on everyone else, which resulted in conflict." In the Netherlands, Provo

1875-580: A year-long stay in the country; Aboriginal activist Cheryl Buchanan (who was active in the 1972 setup of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy ; and later partner of poet and activist Lionel Fogarty ) and radical scientist Alan Roberts (1925–2017 ) on global warming —and ongoing coverage of cultural trailblazers such as the Australian Performing Group (aka Pram Factory ), and emerging Australian filmmakers. The Digger

2000-508: Is associated with college campus mass protests and radical leftist movements. The British "New Left" was an intellectually driven movement that attempted to correct the perceived errors of " Old Left " parties in the post–World War II period. The movements began to wind down in the 1970s, when activists either committed themselves to party projects, developed social justice organizations, moved into identity politics or alternative lifestyles , or became politically inactive. The emergence of

2125-407: Is notable for being interspersed with film clips of some of the female cast members (most frequently Carne and Hawn) performing go-go dancing in bikinis to the segment's burlesque-inspired theme, with the camera periodically zooming into jokes or images that had been painted onto their bodies. The segment also usually included an additional musical number based on the topic, performed by cast members at

2250-522: The "Bloody Sunday" event of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches , and graphic news footage from Vietnam brought horrifying, moving images of the bloody reality of armed conflict into living rooms for the first time. The breakdown of enforcement of the US Hays Code concerning censorship in motion picture production, the use of new forms of artistic expression in European and Asian cinema, and

2375-660: The Diggers . The national media were stunned, publicity about this event leading to the mass movement of young people from all over America to descend on the Haight-Ashbury area. Reports were unable to agree whether 20,000 or 30,000 people showed up at the Be-In. Soon every gathering was an "-In" of some kind: Just four weeks later was Bob Fass 's Human Fly-In , then the Love-In (March 26, 1967 at Elysian Park, Los Angeles),

2500-518: The Emmett Grogan inspired Sweep-In , Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In comedy television show began airing over NBC just a year later on January 22, 1968. This was followed by the first " Yip-In " (March 21, 1968, at Grand Central Terminal ), another " Love-In " (April 14, 1968, at Malibu Canyon) and, John Lennon and Yoko Ono 's " Bed-In " (March 25, 1969, in Amsterdam). The Human Be-In

2625-583: The Hog Farm , Quarry Hill , and Drop City in the US were established as straightforward agrarian attempts to return to the land and live free of interference from outside influences. As the era progressed, many people established and populated new communities in response to not only disillusionment with standard community forms, but also dissatisfaction with certain elements of the counterculture itself. Some of these self-sustaining communities have been credited with

SECTION 20

#1732772665696

2750-530: The Partial Test Ban Treaty which prohibited atmospheric nuclear testing. Laugh-In Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (often simply referred to as Laugh-In ) is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for six seasons from January 22, 1968, to March 12, 1973, on the NBC television network. The show, hosted by comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin , originally aired as

2875-561: The South Bronx as a means to validate Puerto Rican experience in the United States, particularly for poor and working-class people who suffered from marginalization , ostracism, and discrimination. Young Cuban exiles in the United States would develop interests in Cuban identity, and politics. This younger generation had experienced the United States during the rising anti-war movement , civil rights movement , and feminist movement of

3000-476: The Vietnam War began in 1964 on United States college campuses. Student activism became a dominant theme among the baby boomers, growing to include many other demographic groups. Exemptions and deferments for the middle and upper classes resulted in the induction of a disproportionate number of poor, working-class, and minority registrants. Countercultural books such as MacBird by Barbara Garson and much of

3125-472: The concert film Gimme Shelter , Medium Cool , Zabriskie Point and Punishment Park . By the later 1960s, previously under-regarded FM radio replaced AM radio as the focal point for the ongoing explosion of rock and roll music, and became the nexus of youth-oriented news and advertising for the counterculture generation. Communes , collectives , and intentional communities regained popularity during this era. Early communities such as

3250-516: The miniskirt which raised hemlines above the knees, as well as the development of distinguished, youth-led fashion subcultures . Styles based around jeans , for both men and women, became an important fashion movement that has continued up to the present day. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from anti-authoritarian movements of previous eras. The post-World War II baby boom generated an unprecedented number of potentially disaffected youth as prospective participants in

3375-561: The nuclear weapons policy since before the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945. The public became concerned about nuclear weapons testing from about 1954, following extensive nuclear testing in the Pacific . In 1961 and 1962, at the height of the Cold War , about 50,000 women brought together by Women Strike for Peace marched in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons . In 1963, many countries ratified

3500-493: The " Sponti " movement and other leftist groups. In the late summer of 1968, the commune moved into a deserted factory on Stephanstraße to reorient. This second phase of Kommune 1 was characterized by sex, music and drugs. Soon, the commune was receiving visitors from all over the world, including Jimi Hendrix . Mánička is a Czech term used for young people with long hair, usually males, in Czechoslovakia through

3625-473: The "old school" political left either ignored or denounced them. According to ABC News , "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the ' Groucho Marxists '." In Trafalgar Square , London in 1958, in an act of civil disobedience , 60,000–100,000 protesters made up of students and pacifists converged in what was to become the " ban the Bomb " demonstrations. Opposition to

3750-631: The 1960s and 1970s. Anarchism was influential in the counterculture of the 1960s and anarchists actively participated in the late 1960s students and workers revolts . During the IX Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation in Carrara in 1965, a group decided to split off from this organization and created the Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica . In the 1970s, it was mostly composed of "veteran individualist anarchists with

3875-652: The 1960s and 1970s. Long hair for males during this time was considered an expression of political and social attitudes in communist Czechoslovakia . From the mid-1960s, the long-haired and "untidy" persons (so called máničky or vlasatci (in English: Mops ) were banned from entering pubs, cinema halls, theatres and using public transportation in several Czech cities and towns. In 1964, the public transportation regulations in Most and Litvínov excluded long-haired máničky as displeasure-evoking persons. Two years later,

Human Be-In - Misplaced Pages Continue

4000-881: The 1960s, also called the Chicano civil rights movement, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960s with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment. The American Indian Movement (or AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement that was founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis , Minnesota. A.I.M. was initially formed in urban areas to address systemic issues of poverty and police brutality against Native Americans. A.I.M. soon widened its focus from urban issues to include many Indigenous Tribal issues that Native American groups have faced due to settler colonialism of

4125-447: The 1960s, causing them to be influenced by radicals that encouraged political introspection, and social justice. Figures like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara were also heavily praised among American student radicals at the time. These factors helped push some young Cubans into advocating for different degrees of rapprochement with Cuba. Those most likely to become more radical were Cubans who were more culturally isolated from being outside

4250-534: The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Cactus Flower , Goldie Hawn made a guest appearance in the third episode of the fourth season. She began the episode as an arrogant snob of an actress; however, a bucket of water thrown at her transformed her back to her giggling dumb blonde persona. On multiple occasions, producer George Schlatter attempted to get William F. Buckley Jr. to appear on

4375-536: The Americas, such as treaty rights , high rates of unemployment, education, cultural continuity, and preservation of Indigenous cultures. The Asian American movement was a sociopolitical movement in which the widespread grassroots effort of Asian Americans affected racial, social and political change in the US, reaching its peak in the late 1960s to mid-1970s. During this period Asian Americans promoted antiwar and anti-imperialist activism, directly opposing what

4500-549: The Cuban enclave of Miami. Much of the 1960s counterculture originated on college campuses. The 1964 Free Speech Movement at the University of California, Berkeley, which had its roots in the Civil Rights Movement of the southern United States, was one early example. At Berkeley a group of students began to identify themselves as having interests as a class that were at odds with the interests and practices of

4625-583: The New Left in the 1950s and 1960s led to a revival of interest in libertarian socialism . The New Left's critique of the Old Left 's authoritarianism was associated with a strong interest in personal liberty, autonomy (see the thinking of Cornelius Castoriadis ) and led to a rediscovery of older socialist traditions, such as left communism , council communism , and the Industrial Workers of

4750-510: The South by white-dominated state government , and ongoing racial discrimination in jobs, housing, and access to public places in both the North and the South. On college and university campuses, student activists fought for the right to exercise their basic constitutional rights, especially freedom of speech and freedom of assembly . Many counterculture activists became aware of the plight of

4875-742: The Tribes for a Human Be-In". The occasion was a new California law banning the use of the psychedelic drug LSD that had come into effect on October 6, 1966. The speakers at the rally were all invited by Bowen, the main organizer. They included Timothy Leary in his first San Francisco appearance, who set the tone that afternoon with his famous phrase " Turn on, tune in, drop out " and Richard Alpert (soon to be known as " Ram Dass "), and poets like Allen Ginsberg , who chanted mantras , Gary Snyder and Michael McClure . Other counterculture gurus included comedian Dick Gregory , Lenore Kandel , Lawrence Ferlinghetti , Jerry Rubin , and Alan Watts . Music

5000-422: The US, even though counterculture participants numbered in the clear minority within their respective national populations. The Cold War between communist and capitalist states involved espionage and preparation for war between powerful nations, along with political and military interference by powerful states in the internal affairs of less powerful nations. Poor outcomes from some of these activities set

5125-853: The US, the social tension between elements of the counterculture and law enforcement reached the breaking point in many notable cases, including: the Columbia University protests of 1968 in New York City, the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests in Chicago, the arrest and imprisonment of John Sinclair in Ann Arbor, Michigan , and the Kent State shootings at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, where National Guardsman acted as surrogates for police. Police malfeasance

Human Be-In - Misplaced Pages Continue

5250-453: The United States , and transnational solidarity with peoples around the globe impacted by U.S. militarism ." and intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Rican or of Puerto-Rican descent, who live in or near New York City, and either call themselves or are known as Nuyoricans . It originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in neighborhoods such as Loisaida , East Harlem , Williamsburg , and

5375-538: The Western world, effectively united millions against the war, and against the war policy that prevailed under five US congresses and during two presidential administrations. The counterculture movement took hold in Western Europe, with London, Amsterdam, Paris, Rome and Milan, Copenhagen and West Berlin rivaling San Francisco and New York as counterculture centers. The UK Underground was a movement linked to

5500-648: The World . The New Left also led to a revival of anarchism. Journals like Radical America and Black Mask in America, Solidarity , Big Flame and Democracy & Nature , succeeded by The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy , in the UK, introduced a range of left libertarian ideas to a new generation. Social ecology , autonomism and, more recently, participatory economics (parecon), and Inclusive Democracy emerged from this. A surge of popular interest in anarchism occurred in western nations during

5625-462: The advent of modern production values heralded a new era of art-house , pornographic, and mainstream film production, distribution, and exhibition. The end of censorship resulted in a complete reformation of the western film industry. With new-found artistic freedom, a generation of exceptionally talented New Wave film makers working across all genres brought realistic depictions of previously prohibited subject matter to neighborhood theater screens for

5750-456: The assistance of the state police. On August 19, 1966, during a "safety intervention" organized by the state police, 140 long-haired people were arrested. As a response, the "community of long-haired" organized a protest in Prague . More than 100 people cheered slogans such as "Give us back our hair!" or "Away with hairdressers!". The state police arrested the organizers and several participants of

5875-412: The associated massive expansion of consumerism afforded by post-war affluence and encouraged by TV advertising—were key components in creating disillusionment for some younger people and in the formulation of new social behaviours, even as ad agencies heavily courted the "hip" youth market. In the US, nearly real-time TV news coverage of the civil rights movement era's 1963 Birmingham Campaign ,

6000-424: The attendant theories concerning the event, led to further diminished trust in government, including among younger people. Many social issues fueled the growth of the larger counterculture movement. One was a nonviolent movement in the United States seeking to resolve constitutional civil rights illegalities, especially regarding general racial segregation , longstanding disfranchisement of Black people in

6125-500: The beginning and end of the segment, as well as in short bridges between sketches. At the end of every show, after a final dialogue, Rowan would turn to his co-host and say, "Say good night, Dick", to which Martin replied, "Good night, Dick!", leading into the final Joke Wall segment. The cast would pop out of their doors and either tell jokes to the camera, to each other, or to Rowan and Martin, who stood in front, or just yell out, "Good night, Dick!" This would lead into and continue under

6250-445: The birth and propagation of the international Green Movement . The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual consciousness, yoga , occult practices and increased human potential helped to shift views on organized religion during the era. In 1957, 69% of US residents polled by Gallup said religion was increasing in influence. By the late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that belief. The " Generation Gap ", or

6375-475: The closing credits. There would be one final batch of skits, including a closing appearance from Owens. Up until the finale of Season 4, the last gag would be Arte Johnson's character, Wolfgang, the German soldier. He would slowly rise up from among some plants, look into the camera and say with a thick German accent, "Veeeeery eeenterestingk!" This would bring the episode to a conclusion - almost. The very last thing

SECTION 50

#1732772665696

6500-425: The counterculture movement. Everyday fashion experienced a decline of the suit and especially of the wearing of hats; other changes included the normalisation of long hair worn down for women (as well as many men at the time), the popularization of traditional African, Indian and Middle Eastern styles of dress (including the wearing of natural hair for those of African descent), the invention and popularization of

6625-569: The counterculture music encouraged a spirit of non-conformism and anti-establishmentarianism. By 1968, the year after a large march to the United Nations in New York City and a large protest at the Pentagon were undertaken, a majority of people in the country opposed the war. The application of nuclear technology , both as a source of energy and as an instrument of war, has been controversial. Scientists and diplomats have debated

6750-405: The counterculture. The three-day Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro , held in 1971, was organized in the valley of Avándaro near the city of Toluca , a town neighboring Mexico City, and became known as "The Mexican Woodstock". Nudity, drug use, and the presence of the US flag scandalized conservative Mexican society to such an extent that the government clamped down on rock and roll performances for

6875-440: The date of the Be-In; the company subsequently produced work by Michael McClure , who read at the event. 1960s counterculture The counterculture of the 1960s was an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon and political movement that developed in the Western world during the mid-20th century. It began in the early 1960s, and continued through the early 1970s. It is often synonymous with cultural liberalism and with

7000-418: The end of each episode. In keeping with Laugh-In 's groundbreaking nature, these messages strongly resembled 21st century GIFs . New cast members: Hogan's Heroes alumni Richard Dawson and Larry Hovis . Both had been part of season 1. Child actor Moosie Drier was also added, doing solo cameo jokes. Cast departures after the season 5 finale: Brown, Elder, Hovis, Sharma, and Sues. Dawson remained until

7125-435: The end of season 2. Judy Carne officially left the show after episode 11 but did return for a few appearances in season 3. Season 3 (1969–1970): New regulars included Johnny Brown , Byron Gilliam, Teresa Graves , Jeremy Lloyd , Pamela Rodgers, and Lily Tomlin . Gilliam was a dancer in seasons 1 to 2 and promoted to cast member this season. Both Brown and Tomlin joined late in this season. Cast departures and changes: After

7250-437: The end, when Rowan asked Buckley why he finally agreed to appear on the show, Buckley explained that Schlatter had written him "an irresistable letter" in which he promised to fly Buckley out to Burbank "in an airplane with two right wings". At the end, Rowan thanked him for appearing: "You can't be that smart without having a sense of humor, and you have a delightful one." The 100th episode featured John Wayne , Tiny Tim and

7375-482: The enduring uniform of the generation, as daily wearing of suits along with traditional Western dress codes declined in use. The fashion dominance of the counterculture effectively ended with the rise of the Disco and Punk Rock eras in the later 1970s, even as the global popularity of T-shirts, denim jeans, and casual clothing in general have continued to grow. In the western world, the ongoing criminal legal status of

7500-430: The entire 141-episode series of Laugh-In , including the pilot, the show's musical coordinator was West Coast bebop jazz pianist and composer Russ Freeman . The show was recorded at NBC's Burbank facility using two-inch quadruplex videotape . As computer-controlled online editing had not been invented at the time, post-production video editing of the montage was achieved by the error-prone method of visualizing

7625-493: The first episode along with series regulars Pamela Austin , Eileen Brennan , Judy Carne , Ruth Buzzi , Henry Gibson , Larry Hovis , Arte Johnson , and Jo Anne Worley . Goldie Hawn joined the cast in the third episode. She had been under contract to Good Morning World at the time of the pilot. Eileen Brennan , Barbara Feldon , and Jack Riley made frequent appearances in both season 1 and 2. Riley usually did skits as President Lyndon Johnson . Ian Bernard (1930–2020)

SECTION 60

#1732772665696

7750-882: The first few episodes was a group of six women dancers called "The Downtown Beauties", referring to the show's running joke of "beautiful downtown Burbank". The members of this group were in the Cocktail Party scenes and the group was featured for many of the musical numbers. The known names of these dancers are Janice Pennington, Mary Rowan (Dan's daughter), and Adele Yoshioko. Cast (returning veterans): Allen, Buzzi, Dawson, Owens, and Tomlin. (New members:) child actor Moosie Drier , promoted to cast member and teamed with child actor Tod Bass, character comedian Brian Bressler (up to episode 10), comedienne Patti Deutsch , German model Lisa Farringer (episodes 13–24), Sarah Kennedy , folksy singer-comedian Jud Strunk , ventriloquist act Willie Tyler and Lester, and Donna Jean Young. Former regular Jo Anne Worley returned for two guest appearances, including

7875-489: The first time, even as Hollywood film studios were still considered a part of the establishment by some elements of the counterculture. Successful 1960s new films of the New Hollywood were Bonnie and Clyde , The Graduate , The Wild Bunch , and Dennis Hopper 's Easy Rider . Other examples of hippie modernist cinema includes experimental short films made by figures like Jordan Belson and Bruce Conner ,

8000-403: The forefront as an increasing number of primarily younger people broke free from the constraints of 1950s orthodoxy and struggled to create a more inclusive and tolerant social landscape. The availability of new and more effective forms of birth control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution . The notion of "recreational sex" without the threat of unwanted pregnancy radically changed

8125-538: The government fearing a repeat of the student protests of 1968. Few bands survived the prohibition, though the ones that did, like Three Souls in My Mind (now El Tri ), remained popular due in part to their adoption of Spanish for their lyrics, but mostly as a result of a dedicated underground following. While Mexican rock groups were eventually able to perform publicly by the mid-1980s, the ban prohibiting tours of Mexico by foreign acts lasted until 1989. The Cordobazo

8250-410: The growing subculture in the US and associated with the hippie phenomenon, generating its own magazines and newspapers, fashion, music groups, and clubs. Underground figure Barry Miles said, "The underground was a catch-all sobriquet for a community of like-minded anti-establishment, anti-war, pro-rock'n'roll individuals, most of whom had a common interest in recreational drugs. They saw peace, exploring

8375-458: The hallmarks of the era. Many younger people began to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as " fuzz " and "pig" as derogatory epithets for police reappeared, and became key words within the counterculture lexicon. The distrust of police was based not only on fear of police brutality during political protests, but also on generalized police corruption—especially police manufacture of false evidence, and outright entrapment, in drug cases. In

8500-614: The help of the guest star. The news varied in presentation over the years, but in the earlier seasons started with Martin reading the "News of the Present", with Rowan providing "News of the Future" and sketches depicting the "News of the Past". Alan Sues, as his "Big Al" character, would provide a typically clueless sports report. "Mod, Mod World" was a group of sketches introduced by Rowan and Martin that fit into an announced theme. This segment

8625-474: The individual , human sexuality , women's rights , traditional modes of authority , rights of people of color , end of racial segregation, experimentation with psychoactive drugs , and differing interpretations of the American Dream . Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. As the era unfolded, what emerged were new cultural forms and

8750-406: The inevitable perceived divide in worldview between the old and young, was perhaps never greater than during the counterculture era. A large measure of the generational chasm of the 1960s and early 1970s was born of rapidly evolving fashion and hairstyle trends that were readily adopted by the young, but often misunderstood and ridiculed by the old. These included the wearing of very long hair by men,

8875-592: The meeting. Some of them were given prison sentences. According to the newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes , the Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior in 1966 even compiled a detailed map of the frequency of occurrence of long-haired males in Czechoslovakia. In August 1969, during the first anniversary of the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia , the long-haired youth were one of the most active voices in

9000-527: The municipal council in Poděbrady banned máničky from entering cultural institutions in the town. In August 1966, Rudé právo informed that máničky in Prague were banned from visiting restaurants of the I. and II. price category. In 1966, during a big campaign coordinated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , around 4,000 young males were forced to cut their hair, often in the cells with

9125-853: The music of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band , the Bee Gees , the Temptations , the Strawberry Alarm Clock , and the First Edition . During the September 16, 1968, episode, Richard Nixon, running for president, appeared for a few seconds with a disbelieving vocal inflection, asking "Sock it to me ?" Nixon was not doused or assaulted. An invitation was extended to Nixon's opponent, Vice President Hubert Humphrey , but he declined. According to George Schlatter,

9250-662: The nature of the 1960 U-2 incident resulted in the government being caught in a blatant lie at the highest levels, and contributed to a backdrop of growing distrust of authority among many who came of age during the period. The Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the US along political and military lines. Internal political disagreements concerning treaty obligations in Southeast Asia ( SEATO ), especially in Vietnam , and debate as to how other communist insurgencies should be challenged, also created

9375-629: The original English Diggers led by Gerrard Winstanley and sought to create a mini-society free of money and capitalism . On the other hand, the Yippies employed theatrical gestures, such as advancing a pig (" Pigasus the Immortal") as a candidate for president in 1968, to mock the social status quo. They have been described as a highly theatrical, anti-authoritarian and anarchist youth movement of "symbolic politics". Since they were well known for street theater and politically themed pranks, many of

9500-534: The other ins." Laugh-In had its roots in the humor of vaudeville and burlesque, but its most direct influences were Olsen and Johnson 's comedies (such as the free-form Broadway revue Hellzapoppin' ), the innovative television works of Ernie Kovacs (George Schlatter's wife, Jolene Brand appeared in Kovacs' shows), and the topical TV satire That Was the Week That Was . The show was characterized by

9625-407: The poor, and community organizers fought for the funding of anti-poverty programs , particularly in the South and within inner city areas in the United States. Environmentalism grew from a greater understanding of the ongoing damage caused by industrialization, resultant pollution, and the misguided use of chemicals such as pesticides in well-meaning efforts to improve the quality of life for

9750-432: The problematic video at the edit point and then slowing down the video image just before the edit point; time-expanding the slowed-down section long enough to allot enough time to seamlessly reinsert the audio portion from the removed portion of video. Frequently recurring Laugh-In sketches included: The first season featured some of the first music videos seen on network TV, with cast members appearing in films set to

9875-706: The producer of Saturday Night Live ) and Hart Pomerantz , Jack Douglas , Jeremy Lloyd , John Carsey, Dennis Gren, Gene Farmer, John Rappaport and Stephen Spears, Jim Abell and Chet Dowling, Barry Took , E. Jack Kaplan, Larry Siegel , Jack S. Margolis , Don Reo and Allan Katz , Richard Goren (also credited as Rowby Greeber and Rowby Goren ), Winston Moss, Gene Perret and Bill Richmond , Jack Wohl, Bob Howard and Bob DeVinney. Script supervisors for Laugh-In included Digby Wolfe (comedy consultant, season 1), Phil Hahn and Jack Hanrahan (season 2), Allan Manings (season 3), Marc London and David Panich (seasons 3–6), and Jim Mulligan (season 6). The musical director for Laugh-In

10000-694: The publications close to Émile Armand . The New Left in the United States also included anarchist, countercultural and hippie -related radical groups such as the Yippies who were led by Abbie Hoffman , The Diggers and Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers . By late 1966, the Diggers opened free stores which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art. The Diggers took their name from

10125-400: The rapidly growing population. Authors such as Rachel Carson played key roles in developing a new awareness among the global population of the fragility of our planet , despite resistance from elements of the establishment in many countries. The need to address minority rights of women, gay people, the disabled, and many other neglected constituencies within the larger population came to

10250-413: The recorded track with ferrofluid and cutting it with a razor blade or guillotine cutter and splicing with adhesive tape, in a manner similar to film editing. This had the incidental benefit of ensuring the preservation of the master tape, as a spliced tape could not be recycled for further use . Laugh-In editor Arthur Schneider won an Emmy Award in 1968 for his pioneering use of the " jump cut " –

10375-466: The recreational drug industry was instrumental in the formation of an anti-establishment social dynamic by some of those coming of age during the counterculture era. The explosion of marijuana use during the era, in large part by students on fast-expanding college campuses, created an attendant need for increasing numbers of people to conduct their personal affairs in secret in the procurement and use of banned substances. The classification of marijuana as

10500-408: The rest of the cast. The producer mollified him by having on-screen radio continuity announcer Gary Owens read Johnson's credit as a separate sentence: "Starring Dan Rowan and Dick Martin! And Arte Johnson! With Ruth Buzzi..." This maneuver gave Johnson the star billing he wanted, but it also implied that he was still part of the ensemble cast. Cast departures: Chelsea Brown and Dave Madden left at

10625-506: The rest of the decade. The festival, marketed as proof of Mexico's modernization, was never expected to attract the masses it did, and the government had to evacuate stranded attendees en masse at the end. This occurred during the era of President Luis Echeverría , an extremely repressive era in Mexican history. Anything that could be connected to the counterculture or student protests was prohibited from being broadcast on public airwaves, with

10750-584: The return of several former cast members. Wayne, with his ear cupped, read the line "and me, I'm Gary Owens" instead of Owens himself. Wayne also shook Tiny Tim's hand, pretending that his grip was too overpowering. In addition to those already mentioned, the show created numerous catchphrases (for a full description of characters and recurring characters, see above sections.): A chain of Laugh-In restaurants opened in several states during 1968–69; primarily in Michigan, Ohio and Florida. Psychedelically-themed like

10875-481: The same beliefs: peace, love for one another, and freedom. This would be the first moment of true unification within the Hippie Movement in its history. The counterculture that surfaced at the "Human Be-In" encouraged people to "question authority" with regard to civil rights , women's rights , and consumer rights . Underground newspapers and radio stations served as its alternative media . A Human Be-In

11000-549: The same struggle against the military government . The Civil Rights Movement, a key element of the larger counterculture movement, involved the use of applied nonviolence to assure that equal rights guaranteed under the US Constitution would apply to all citizens. Many states illegally denied many of these rights to African-Americans, and this was partially successfully addressed in the early and mid-1960s in several major nonviolent movements. The Chicano Movement of

11125-493: The season 4 finale. Notable visits for season 4: Goldie Hawn made a guest appearance in episode 3. After she left Laugh-In she made two movies, There's a Girl In My Soup and Cactus Flower , for which she won an Academy Award . Teresa Graves made two consecutive appearances toward the end of season 4. She made history in her own right by being the first African-American woman to star in her own TV show, Get Christie Love! Season 5 (1971–1972): Another new set design

11250-476: The season finale, Gilliam returned to being a regular dancer in The Cocktail Party scene and in occasional skits. He remained until the end of the series. Graves, Hawn, Lloyd, and Worley left after the season 3 finale. Tomlin remained until the series ended in 1973. Season 4 (1970–1971): There were major changes to the set and new additions to the cast. The overall psychedelia look was replaced with

11375-473: The series ended. During season 5 the show also celebrated its 100th episode. Former cast regulars Carne, Gibson, Graves, Johnson, and Worley returned for the festivities. Frequent guest stars Tiny Tim and John Wayne were also on hand to celebrate. This was Wayne's first guest appearance since 1968. Season 6 (1972–1973): This was Laugh-In 's final season. Rowan and Martin assumed the executive producer roles from George Schlatter and Ed Friendly . A new set

11500-403: The series finale. Although Owens was not in the 1967 pilot and Buzzi was not in two episodes of season 1, of the more than three dozen entertainers to join the cast over the years only Rowan, Martin, Owens, and Buzzi were present from beginning to end. This last season was not George Schlatter's property, so it was not included in the edited and condensed rerun package of half-hour episodes that

11625-457: The series was its (even shorter) blackout sketches, often involving rapid-fire cuts between two or more scenes or camera angles, set to a six-note musical sting (or at times, an elongated 16-note version). These were used as transitions into and out of commercials, among other places. The show started with a batch of sketches leading into Gary Owens' introduction segment, in which the cast and announced guest star(s) would appear behind open doors of

11750-457: The show's creator, "Humphrey later said that not doing it may have cost him the election ", and "[Nixon] said the rest of his life that appearing on Laugh-In is what got him elected. And I believe that. And I've had to live with that." In an episode of the ill-fated 1977 revival, Rich Little as Nixon says, "I invited the American people to sock-it-to-me.... you can stop now". After winning

11875-411: The show's homebase set to introduce the show and have a dialogue, generally consisting of Martin frustrating Rowan by derailing his attempt to do a proper introduction via misunderstandings or digressions. Eventually, Rowan would end the introduction and invite the audience to the "Cocktail Party". This live to tape segment consisted of all cast members and occasional surprise celebrities dancing before

12000-453: The show's iconic, psychedelically painted "Joke Wall". Owens would also insert offbeat lines in his monotone, deadpan style, in the introductions and occasionally throughout the episode, generally facing a microphone to his side with one hand cupped to his ear (Owens's character loosened up and became "hipper" in later seasons). After more short sketches leading into and out of the first commercial break, Rowan and Martin would walk in front of

12125-537: The show's six-year run, while others appeared in at least three seasons. This includes Judy Carne , Henry Gibson , Goldie Hawn , Arte Johnson , Jo Anne Worley , Alan Sues , Lily Tomlin , Dennis Allen and Richard Dawson . In 2002, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In was ranked number 42 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . Laugh-In was designed to be very lightly structured and consisted mainly of short comedic sketches. Some of these would reappear multiple times throughout an episode with variations on

12250-408: The show, only to be refused each time until he suddenly agreed to an appearance. In the episode that aired December 28, 1970, Buckley appeared in an unusual sit-down segment (portions of which were scattered throughout the episode) flanked by Rowan and Martin and fielding questions from the cast (which included Lily Tomlin doing her Babbler and Ernestine shticks) and giving humorous answers to each. Near

12375-420: The show, they offered such menu items as Bippy Burgers, Is That A Chicken Joke Chicken, Fickle Finger Of Fate Fries, Beautiful Downtown Burbank Burgers, Fickle Finger Franks, Verrrry Interesting Sandwiches, I'll Drink To That beverages, Sock It To Me soups, Laugh-In Fortune Cookies and Here Come Da Fudge sundaes. Staff often rode around on red tricycles wearing yellow raincoats and hats. All locations were closed by

12500-440: The social dynamic and permitted both women and men much greater freedom in the selection of sexual lifestyles outside the confines of traditional marriage. With this change in attitude, by the 1990s the ratio of children born out of wedlock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites and from 25% to 66% for African-Americans. For those born after World War II , the emergence of television as a source of entertainment and information—as well as

12625-463: The stage for disillusionment with and distrust of post-war governments. Examples included harsh responses from the Soviet Union (USSR) towards popular anti-communist uprisings, such as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Czechoslovakia 's Prague Spring in 1968; and the botched US Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961. In the US, President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's initial deception over

12750-530: The state protesting against the occupation. Youth protesters have been labeled as "vagabonds" and "slackers" by the official normalized press. Oz magazine was first published as a satirical humour magazine between 1963 and 1969 in Sydney, and, in its second and better known incarnation, became a "psychedelic hippy" magazine from 1967 to 1973 in London. Strongly identified as part of the underground press , it

12875-454: The television audience would hear is one pair of hands clapping several seconds after all the credits had rolled. This was the conclusion to almost every show up to the Season 5 finale. For Season 6, the television audience would hear a woman laughing (Ruth Buzzi) very strangely long after the credits had rolled. Other segments and recurring characters, listed below, would come and go throughout

13000-428: The time. In the pilot episode, Dan Rowan explained the show's approach: "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to television's first Laugh-In. Now for the past few years, we have all been hearing an awful lot about the various 'ins'. There have been be-ins, love-ins, and sleep-ins. This is a laugh-in and a laugh-in is a frame of mind. For the next hour, we would just like you to sit back and laugh and forget about

13125-512: The unique editing style in which a sudden cut from one shot to another was made without a fade-out. When the series was restored for airing by the Trio Cable Network in 1996, the aforementioned edits became problematic for the editors, as the adhesive used on the source tape had deteriorated during 20+ years of storage, making many of the visual elements at the edit points unusable. This was corrected in digital re-editing by removing

13250-522: The university and its corporate sponsors. Other rebellious young people, who were not students, also contributed to the Free Speech Movement. The New Left is a term used in different countries to describe left-wing movements that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s in the Western world. They differed from earlier leftist movements that had been more oriented towards labour activism, and instead adopted social activism. The American "New Left"

13375-608: The various social changes of the decade. The effects of the movement have been ongoing to the present day. The aggregate movement gained momentum as the civil rights movement in the United States had made significant progress, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and with the intensification of the Vietnam War that same year, it became revolutionary to some. As the movement progressed, widespread social tensions also developed concerning other issues, and tended to flow along generational lines regarding respect for

13500-587: The vestiges of entrenched segregation , starting with the lunch counter sit-ins of 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina , and Nashville, Tennessee . The first major teach-in had been organized by Students for a Democratic Society at the University of Michigan , 24–25 March 1965. The Human Be-In was announced on the cover of the fifth issue of the San Francisco Oracle as "A Gathering of

13625-463: The war. The Hippies thought the anti-war movement was doomed to endless confrontations with the establishment which would recoil with violence and fascism". They decided to thus create 'A Gathering of the Tribes', as the event was advertised on posters later on. This event would use musical performances , group meditation and chanting sessions, political rallies, and speeches to inspire all the factions that they had all joined this movement because they had

13750-430: The wearing of natural or " Afro " hairstyles by Black people, the donning of revealing clothing by women in public, and the mainstreaming of the psychedelic clothing and regalia of the short-lived hippie culture. Ultimately, practical and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms of T-shirts (often tie-dyed , or emblazoned with political or advertising statements), and Levi Strauss-branded blue denim jeans became

13875-403: The years. The September 9, 1967, was meant to be a special, sponsored by Timex , with guest stars: Pamela Austin , Ken Berry , Judy Carne , Barbara Feldon , and featuring Ruth Buzzi , Henry Gibson , Larry Hovis , Arte Johnson , Monte Landis , Jo Anne Worley , and Paul Weston and His Orchestra Season 1 ran from January to April 1968 with 14 episodes. Gary Owens joined the cast in

14000-418: Was Ian Bernard. He wrote the opening theme music, "Inquisitive Tango" (used in Season 1 and again permanently from season 4), plus the infamous "What's the news across the nation" number. He wrote all the musical "play-ons" that introduced comedy sketches like Lily Tomlin's character, Edith Ann, the little girl who sat in a giant rocking chair, and Arte Johnson's old man character, Tyrone, who always got hit with

14125-573: Was a civil uprising in the city of Córdoba, Argentina , in the end of May 1969, during the military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Onganía , which occurred a few days after the Rosariazo , and a year after the French May '68 . Contrary to previous protests, the Cordobazo did not correspond to previous struggles, headed by Marxist workers' leaders, but associated students and workers in

14250-683: Was a counterculture movement that focused on "provocative direct action ('pranks' and 'happenings') to arouse society from political and social indifference". In France, the General Strike centered in Paris in May 1968 united French students, and nearly toppled the government. Kommune 1 or K1 was a commune in West Berlin known for its bizarre staged events that fluctuated between satire and provocation . These events served as inspiration for

14375-473: Was also an ongoing issue in the UK during the era. The Vietnam War, and the protracted national divide between supporters and opponents of the war, were arguably the most important factors contributing to the rise of the larger counterculture movement. The widely accepted assertion that anti-war opinion was held only among the young is a myth, but enormous war protests consisting of thousands of mostly younger people in every major US city, and elsewhere across

14500-457: Was designed that mixed abstract art with muted psychedelia colors. There was once again a visible studio audience. Ian Bernard, the show's musical director, and five other musicians became participants in the Cocktail Party scenes as the house band known as "Ian Bernard and His Band at Large". Owens would often incorrectly introduce them as "Ian Bernard and His Band of Irvine Quickies", " ...His Band of Lard" or "...His Band of Lies". Also new for

14625-492: Was introduced that combined abstract art with avant-garde . The Cocktail Party set now consisted of a main wall covered in mirrored tiles. The jokes, commentary and overall humor became even more mainstream in Season 5, and there were more schtick and vaudeville -styled musical numbers. The few political jokes told were mostly aimed at the Nixon administration . Around mid-season, the show began to air brief anti-drug messages at

14750-642: Was organized mainly by Bowen with the assistance of poet Allen Cohen in the organizational work. The idea of the Human Be-In was born of a fear that the movement would be erased due to tensions between factions of the Hippie movement. Bowen writes "The anti-war and free speech movement in Berkeley thought the Hippies were too disengaged and spaced out. Their influence might draw the young away from resistance to

14875-572: Was produced by an evolving collective, many of whom had previously produced counterculture newspapers Revolution and High Times , and all three of these magazines were co-founded by publisher/editor Phillip Frazer , who launched Australia's legendary pop music paper Go-Set in 1966, when he was himself a teenager. In Mexico, rock music was tied into the youth revolt of the 1960s. Mexico City, as well as northern cities such as Monterrey , Nuevo Laredo , Ciudad Juárez , and Tijuana , were exposed to US music. Many Mexican rock stars became involved in

15000-644: Was provided by a host of local rock bands including Jefferson Airplane , Grateful Dead , Big Brother and the Holding Company , Quicksilver Messenger Service , and Blue Cheer , most of whom had been staples of the Fillmore and the Avalon Ballroom . "Underground chemist" Owsley Stanley provided massive amounts of his "White Lightning" LSD, specially produced for the event, as well as 75 twenty-pound (9 kg) turkeys, for free distribution by

15125-750: Was put on in Denver, Colorado in July 1967 by Chet Helms and Barry Fey to harness the energy of the famed San Francisco event that occurred in January and promote their new Family Dog Productions venue, The Family Dog Denver . The event attracted 5,000 people and featured performances by Grateful Dead , Odetta and Captain Beefheart . Timothy Leary and Ken Kesey were said to have also been in attendance. A "Digital Be-In" has been produced in San Francisco since 1989. A UK theatre company, Theatre 14167 (ddmyy), (also 14167 films) takes its name from

15250-761: Was syndicated (through Lorimar Productions ) to local stations in 1983 and later to Nick at Nite in 1987. Season 6 ultimately was shown for the first time since its original 1972 -1973 run when the entire series of full, uncut episodes began airing on Decades in 2017. *Indicates an extended guest performer and not a regular cast member The writers for Laugh-In were: George Schlatter, Paul W. Keyes ( head writer ), Larry Hovis (pilot only), Digby Wolfe , Hugh Wedlock Jr. and Allan Manings , Chris Bearde (credited as Chris Beard), Phil Hahn and Jack Hanrahan , Coslough Johnson (Arte Johnson's twin brother), Marc London and David Panich, Dave Cox, Jim Carlson , Jack Mendelsohn and Jim Mulligan, Lorne Michaels (before he became

15375-611: Was the musical director for all 6 seasons. He composed the show's theme song along with numerous other pieces. Billy Barnes composed special comedic and topical songs for the show's cast and guest stars. He was regularly seen playing a golden grand piano to accompany solos by cast members such as Ruth Buzzi, Alan Sues, and Jo Anne Worley and guest stars such as Dinah Shore and Lena Horne . Cast departures: all continued on into Season 2 but Hovis. Season 2 (1968–1969): New regulars included Chelsea Brown , Dave Madden and Alan Sues . Arte Johnson now insisted on star billing, apart from

15500-541: Was the subject of two celebrated obscenity trials, one in Australia in 1964 and the other in the United Kingdom in 1971. The Digger was published monthly between 1972 and 1975 and served as a national outlet for many movements within Australia's counterculture with notable contributors—including second-wave feminists Anne Summers and Helen Garner ; Californian cartoonist Ron Cobb 's observations during

15625-428: Was viewed as an unjust Vietnam war. The American Asian Movement differs from previous Asian-American activism due to its emphasis on Pan-Asianism and its solidarity with US and international Third World movements . "Its founding principle of coalition politics emphasizes solidarity among Asians of all ethnicities, multiracial solidarity among Asian Americans as well as with African , Latino , and Native Americans in

#695304