Hôtel Byblos , or Le Byblos , is a luxury hotel in Saint-Tropez , in the Var region in France, built by Lebanese hotelier Jean-Prosper Gay-Para. The hotel is open from April to October and is closed for winter. It has 91 rooms, of which 50 are suites. The hotel looks like a hamlet , a set of small buildings attached to each other over an area of 5,500 m2.
68-517: According to legend, Jean-Prosper Gay-Para, a billionaire Lebanese hotelier dreamed of building a palace for Brigitte Bardot , with whom he was infatuated. Building on this " Phoenician " and "Tropezian" style hotel began in 1965, with an architecture very different from that of the large luxury hotels of Cannes or Monte-Carlo, it was named after the Lebanese port city of Byblos that was frequented by Lebanese and international jet setters. The hotel
136-778: A diaspora in North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Africa, which is predominantly Maronite Christian. As the relative proportion of the various sects is politically sensitive, Lebanon has not collected official census data on ethnic background since 1932 under the French Mandate . It is therefore difficult to have an exact demographic analysis of Lebanese society. The largest concentration of people with Lebanese ancestry may be in Brazil , having an estimated population of 5.8 to 7 million. However, it may be an exaggeration given that an official survey conducted by
204-642: A common geographic origin." The study surveyed one Y-specific DNA polymorphism (p49/Taq I) in 54 Lebanese and 69 Palestinian males, and compared with the results found in 693 Jews from three distinct Jewish ethnic groups; Mizrahim, Sephardim, and Ashkenazim. Lebanese diaspora : Europe Overseas Middle East Lebanese diaspora Lebanese diaspora : Europe Overseas Middle East Lebanese diaspora refers to Lebanese migrants and their descendants who emigrated from Lebanon and now reside in other countries. There are more people of Lebanese origin living outside Lebanon than within
272-692: A high degree of inter-ethnic marriages in the Lebanese diaspora communities, regardless of religious affiliation, have caused many of the Lebanese diaspora not to have passed fluency in Arabic to their children, although most still maintain a Lebanese national identity . Several factors have caused Lebanese emigration, including civil wars, attacks on Lebanese sovereignty and land by Israel and Syria, and political and economic crises. The largest diaspora by far resides in Brazil , with between 5 and 7 million, followed by Colombia and Argentina , with about 1 to 3 million each. Although there are no reliable figures,
340-402: A meeting point for different cultures and traditions. Lebanon's religious diversity is also a significant component of the national identity. The country is home to a plurality of religious communities, including Muslims , Christians , and Druze . Each community has its own distinct religious practices, traditions, and customs, which have been passed down through generations. However,
408-539: A second language of instruction. The use of Arabic by Lebanon's educated youth is declining, as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English. It is also a reaction to the negativity associated with Arabic since the September 11 attacks . In 1997, the Lebanese government committed to a policy of trilingualism in education, including French and English alongside the official Arabic language in
476-809: A small presence. In Africa, Ghana and the Ivory Coast are home to over 100,000 Lebanese. There are significant Lebanese populations in other countries throughout Western and Central Africa . Australia hosts over 180,000 and Canada 250,000. In the Arab world, around 400,000 Lebanese live in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf . More than 2,500 ex- SLA members remain in Israel. Until recently, Lebanon provided no automatic right to Lebanese citizenship for emigrants who lost their citizenship upon acquiring
544-693: A target to the Lebanese state to create institutional connection. In 1960 the World Lebanese Cultural Union was established under the authority of the President Fouad Chehab. France has always been an important destination for the Lebanese diaspora, because Lebanon used to be administrated by the french after WWI and because French language is massively spoken in Lebanon. The Lebanese diaspora, while historically trade-related, has more recently been linked to
612-414: Is a common non-native language in Lebanon , with about 50% of the population being Francophone. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used within government, and is often used as a prestige language for business, diplomacy and education. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone , and another 15% "partial francophone," and 70% of Lebanon's secondary schools use French as
680-427: Is almost never used in conversations and is learned through formal instruction rather than transmission from parent to child . The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic , which is grouped in a larger category called Levantine Arabic , while Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media. Code-switching between Arabic and French is very common. French
748-467: Is distinct from the spoken Aramaic of Lebanon, which was a Western Aramaic language . Some Lebanese Christians identify themselves as Lebanese rather than Arab, seeking to draw on "the Phoenician past to try to forge an identity separate from the prevailing Arab culture ". The conquest of Lebanon during the Arab and Islamic conquests was linked to the conquest of Bilād Al-Shām as a whole, or what
SECTION 10
#1732779716099816-502: Is famous in Lebanese society. While traditional folk music remains popular in Lebanon, modern music reconciling traditional styles, pop, and fusion are rapidly advancing in popularity. Radio stations feature a variety of genres and languages, including traditional, classical Arabic and Armenian Prominent traditional musicians include Fairuz , an icon during the civil war , Sabah Melhem Barakat, Wadih El Safi , Majida El Roumi , and Najwa Karam who built an international audience for
884-661: Is known as the Levant, being an integral part of it, the Arab Muslims swiftly took it from the Byzantine Empire during the era of Caliph Umar Ibn Al-Khattab , who ordered the division of the Levant when he conquered it, into four Ajnad , including the Jund Dimashq which includes Mount Lebanon with its corresponding western coastal plains and the eastern interior plains. Arabization and Islamization of
952-414: Is redecorating the largest suite of the hotel (180 m2) and Les Caves du Roy was also remodeled for the occasion. Byblos achieved a turnover of €21,950,200 in 2017. The average annual workforce is 140 employees. Lebanese people The Lebanese people ( Arabic : الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC : ash-shaʻb al-Lubnānī , Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [eʃˈʃæʕeb ellɪbˈneːne] ) are
1020-486: Is relevant for the large Lebanese communities in different countries all over the world. Applications are reviewed by a committee within the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities of Lebanon. If an application is denied, the applicant can appeal the decision within one month from the date they are officially notified, using the address specified in their application. To be eligible, applicants must have their names, or
1088-500: Is to be found in Brazil , where according to the Brazilian and Lebanese governments claim, there are 7 million Brazilians of Lebanese descent. These figures, however, may be an exaggeration given that, according to a 2008 survey conducted by IBGE , in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in
1156-448: Is very important in the Lebanese culture. Family functioning is associated with the values of collectivism in the Lebanese society. One person's family functioning is indicative of their individual status and identity. The average household size in Lebanon ranges between 3.9 and 4.9. Child-rearing practices are characterized by abundant protection imposed on children by parents. Unlike Western societies, parental control does not stop at
1224-498: The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) showed that less than 1 million Brazilians claimed any Middle-Eastern origin. The Lebanese have always traveled the world, many of them settling permanently within the last two centuries. Estimated to have lost their status as the majority in Lebanon itself, with their reduction in numbers largely as a result of their emigration , Christians still remain one of
1292-580: The Lebanese Civil War , with many Lebanese emigrating to Western countries . Because of the economic opportunities, many Lebanese have also worked in the Arab World , most notably Arab states of the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait . The Americas have long been a destination for Lebanese migration, with Lebanese arriving in some countries at least as early as the nineteenth century. The largest concentration of Lebanese outside
1360-710: The Lebanese military that have caused many Christians to flee the country, have re-tipped the demographic balance in favour of the Muslims and the Sunnis in particular. In addition, many thousands of Arab Bedouins in the Bekaa and in the Wadi Khaled region, who are entirely Sunnis, were granted Lebanese citizenship . Lebanon also has a Jewish population, estimated at less than 100. Most Lebanese people communicate in
1428-490: The Lebanese variety of Levantine Arabic , but Lebanon's official language is Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). French is recognized and used next to MSA on road signs and Lebanese banknotes . Lebanon's native sign language is the Lebanese dialect of Levantine Arabic Sign Language . English is the fourth language by number of users, after Levantine, MSA, and French. Lebanon's official language, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has no native speakers in or outside Lebanon. It
SECTION 20
#17327797160991496-821: The Middle East Large numbers also reside elsewhere in North America, most notably in the United States (489,702) and in Canada , the people of full or partial Lebanese descent are between 190,275 (by ancestry, 2011 Census ) to 250,000 based on estimates. In the rest of the Americas, significant communities are found in Argentina , Mexico (400,000); Chile , Colombia and Venezuela , with almost every other Latin American country having at least
1564-666: The Middle East . There are also other large Lebanese communities elsewhere in Latin America, including Argentina , Colombia , Dominican Republic , Paraguay and Venezuela . Many Lebanese have also been settled for quite some time in the United States , Australia , France , Canada , the United Kingdom , South Africa and in the European Union member states . In addition, sizable populations exist in
1632-722: The Ottoman Turks controlled Lebanon and introduced a variety of foods that have become staples in the Lebanese diet, such as cooking with lamb . After the Ottomans were defeated in World War I (1914–1918), France took control of Lebanon until 1943, when the country achieved its independence. The French introduced foods such as flan , caramel custard , eclairs , french fries and croissants . The Lebanese diaspora who live worldwide has introduced new ingredients, spices and culinary practices into Lebanese cuisine, keeping
1700-637: The United Arab Emirates and Singapore , as well as West Africa , particularly Ivory Coast and Ghana . A law passed in 2008 permitted Lebanese abroad to vote in Lebanese elections, starting in 2013. Lebanese diaspora is often viewed as one of the most successful and influential diasporas in the world. Many Lebanese entrepreneurs and business people worldwide have proved very successful in all kinds of sectors and contexts. Lebanese abroad are considered "rich, educated and influential." Remittances from Lebanese abroad to family members within
1768-572: The United States . With the diaspora included, the Christians are an absolute majority. Lebanon has a population of Mhallamis also known as Mardinli ), most of whom migrated from northeast Syria and southeast Turkey are estimated to be between 75,000 and 100,000 and considered to be part of the Sunni population. These have in recent years been granted Lebanese citizenship and, coupled with several civil wars between Islamic extremists and
1836-741: The United States Department of State found that of Lebanon's population of approximately 4.3 million is estimated to be: 54% Islam ( Shia and Sunni , 27% each), 40.5% Christian (21% Maronite , 8% Greek Orthodox , 5% Melkite Catholics , 1% Protestant , 5.5% other minority Christian denominations like Latin Catholics, Armenian Orthodox , Armenian Catholic , Syriac Catholic , Syriac Orthodox , Chaldean Catholic , Assyrian Catholic and Coptic Orthodox ) and 5.5% Druze (a minority religion, descended from Shia Islam, who do not consider themselves to be Muslim, even though under
1904-608: The World Intellectual Property Organization , Lebanon's music industry is growing and could attain leading status in the region. Lebanese performers are celebrated throughout the Arab World, and with the notable exception of Egypt enjoy increasing regional popularity. Rising demand for Arabic music outside Western Asia has provided Lebanese artists with a small but significant global audience. However, widespread piracy continues to inhibit
1972-777: The Arabization of Christians was completed before the First Crusade . By the thirteenth century, Arabic language achieved dominance in the region and its speakers became Arabs. The total Lebanese population is estimated at 8 to 18 million. Of these, the vast majority, or 4 - 14 million, constitute part of the Lebanese diaspora (residing outside of Lebanon), with approximately 4.7 million citizens residing in Lebanon itself. There are approximately 4.7 million Lebanese citizens in Lebanon. In addition to this figure, there are an additional 1 million foreign workers (mainly Syrians ), and about 470,000 Palestinian refugees in
2040-459: The East , Syriac Catholic Church , Syriac Orthodox Church , Chaldean Catholic Church ) and Copts ( Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria ), who immigrated to Lebanon over the years. No official census has been taken since 1932, reflecting the political sensitivity in Lebanon over confessional (i.e. religious) balance. A study conducted by Statistics Lebanon, a Beirut-based research firm, cited by
2108-456: The Indy 500 Bobby Rahal , Carlos Alberto captain of Brazil 1970 world cup champion, FIFA World Cup record holder Mario Zagallo , Bolivian national goalkeeper Jose Issa , chess Grandmaster Jennifer Shahade and Olympic medalists Jordyn Wieber , Florencia Habif , Matt Abood , Thaisa Daher and Beatriz Haddad Maia , top-10 woman tennis professional. Lebanese cuisine has engrained itself as
Hôtel Byblos - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-664: The Lebanese Citizenship”. Under this law, members of the Lebanese diaspora can apply to reacquire the Lebanese citizenship, it specifies that applications must be submitted before November 25, 2025. In 2017, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Emigrants launched an initiative called "The Lebanese Nationality Program" or "Lebanity", for people of Lebanese heritage around the world to apply for Lebanese Nationality, allowing them to benefit from their business, financial, consular, personal, social and political rights as Lebanese, wherever they are. In particular, this initiative
2244-3256: The Lebanese diaspora include Presidents and Vice-Presidents, e.g. Juan Lechin (Bolivia), Michel Temer (Brazil), Julio Teodoro Salem , Abdalá Bucaram , Alberto Dahik , Jamil Mahuad (all in Ecuador), Jacobo Majluta Azar , Luis Abinader (Dominican Republic), Julio Cesar Turbay (Colombia), Alberto Abdala (Uruguay) and Mario Abdo (former president of Paraguay ). Other famous politicians include Ralph Nader , 2000, 2004 and 2008 US presidential candidate, Alex Azar former United States Secretary of Health, Spencer Abraham former United States Secretary of Energy , Mark Esper former United States Secretary of Defense, John Sununu former White House Chief of Staff, Darrell Issa US politician, George J. Mitchell US Politician and Peace Envoy, Charlie Crist Governor of Florida, Philip Habib US Politician and Peace Envoy, Victoria Reggie Kennedy American lawyer and diplomat, politician and author Jeanine Pirro , US Representative Donna Shalala , US Representative Ray Lahood , Governor of Sao Paulo State in Brazil Paulo Maluf , Edward Seaga Prime Minister of Jamaica and Benjamin Miguel Harb Bolivian politician and lawyer. Notable military and astronauts include US army general John Abizaid , Navy Seal and Medal of Honor recipient Michael Monsoor as well as astronaut and Congressional Space Medal of Honor recipient Christa McAuliffe . Computer scientists include Richard Rashid , Tony Fadell and Jean Paoli . Famous businessmen of Lebanese descent include Carlos Slim Helú , Carlos Ghosn , Nicolas Hayek , John J. Mack , Jacques Nasser , Debra Cafaro , Joseph J Jacobs , Joe Jamail , Swiss-Lebanese banker Salim Sfeir , Swiss-Brazilian banker Edmond Safra , Mauricio Gonzalez Sfeir , Lucie Salhany , Kevin O' Leary , Marcus Lemonis , Canadian industrial psychologist Gad Saad , and famous names in entertainment like Danny Thomas , Marlo Thomas , Salma Hayek , Shakira , Jenna Dewan , Terrence Malick , Tom Shadyac , Tony Shalhoub , Kathy Najimy , Tiffany , Jim Backus , Jane Wiedlin , Kristy McNichol , Zoe Saldana , James Stacy , Catherine Keener , Vince Vaughn , Amy Yasbeck , Khrystyne Haje , Skandar Keynes , Jace Norman , Morena Baccarin , Barbara Mori , Omar Sharif , Ricardo Darin , Xavier Dolan , Damian Bichir , Paul Anka , Emilio Stefan , Drake 's long time producers and Grammy winners Noah "40" Shebib and Oliver El-Khatib, Alfredo Bojalil , Oscar-winning composer Gabriel Yared , guitarists Dick Dale , Tommy Bolin and G. E. Smith , Armand Van Helden , Tyler Joseph , Jack Barakat , Bazzi , Thomas Rhett , Patrick Gemayel , comedian el Gran Sandy , Uruguayan actress Dahd Sfeir , Mika , models Yamila Diaz-Rahi , Daniella Sarahyba and Zaira Nara ; Miss Universe Bolivia Lenka Nemer , and sportsmen like Doug Flutie , Rony Seikaly , Marcos Bagdhatis , Sammy Giammalva , professional tennis player and coach, Patrick Maroon , Johnny Manziel , surfers Kelly Slater and Maya Gabeira , winner of
2312-572: The Lebanese identity to create strong networks to help its members out. Over the course of time, immigration has indeed yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world. Lebanese migrants play an important role in assisting Lebanon and its people through financial support, touristic visits, starting businesses and trades. In West Africa, dozens of Lebanese entrepreneurs have established diverse business concerns in Ivory Coast , Senegal , Nigeria , Cameroon , Burkina Faso and other countries, and are viewed as business dynasties contributing to
2380-456: The Lebanese in the diaspora are Christians, disproportionately so in the Americas where the vast majority reside. An estimate figure show that they represent about 75% of the Lebanese in total. Lebanese abroad are considered "rich, educated and influential" and over the course of time immigration has yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world. The largest number of Lebanese
2448-745: The Lebanese people are Christianity (the Maronite Church , the Greek Orthodox Church , the Melkite , the Protestant Church ) and Islam ( Shia and Sunni ). The third-largest religion is Druze . There are other non-Lebanese Christian minorities such as Armenians ( Armenian Apostolic Church and Armenian Catholic Church ), French - Italians ( Latin Catholic Lebanese ), Assyrians ( Assyrian Church of
2516-587: The Lebanese people are known for their resilience and their ability to come together in times of crisis which has helped to strengthen their sense of national identity. Among Lebanese Maronites , Aramaic still remains the liturgical language of the Maronite Church, although in an Eastern Aramaic form (the Syriac language , in which early Christianity was disseminated throughout the Middle East),
2584-638: The Levant approximately 3,750–2,170 years ago. In a 2020 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics , authors showed that there is substantial genetic continuity in Lebanon and the Levant since the Bronze Age (3300–1200 BC) interrupted by three significant admixture events during the Iron Age , Hellenistic , and Ottoman period, each contributing 3%–11% of non-local ancestry to
2652-497: The Levant began in the 7th century, and it took several centuries for Islam, the Arab identity, and language to spread; the Arabs of the caliphate did not attempt to spread their language or religion in the early periods of the conquest, and formed an isolated aristocracy. The Arabs of the caliphate accommodated many new tribes in isolated areas to avoid conflict with the locals; caliph Uthman ordered his governor, Muawiyah I , to settle
2720-588: The Maronite church. Lebanese cuisine has ancient roots and is part of the culinary tradition of the Eastern Mediterranean . Many dishes in Lebanese cuisine can be traced back thousands of years to eras of Phoenician , Persian , Egyptian , Neo-Babylonian , Roman , Greek , Byzantine , Arab and Ottoman rule. In the last 500 years, Lebanese cuisine has been influenced by the different foreign civilizations that held power. From 1516 to 1918,
2788-502: The Middle East is in Brazil , which has, according to some sources, at least 6 million Brazilians of Lebanese ancestry , making Brazil's population of Lebanese greater than the entire population of Lebanon. According to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in
Hôtel Byblos - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-730: The admixed population. The admixtures were tied to the Sea Peoples of the Late Bronze Age collapse , South or Central Asians , and Ottoman Turks , respectively. One study by the International Institute of Anthropology in Paris , France , confirmed similarities in the Y-haplotype frequencies in Lebanese, Palestinian , and Sephardic Jewish men, identifying them as "three Near-Eastern populations sharing
2924-472: The age of 18; instead, it continues for as long as the child lives in the parents' residence or until the child marries. Though Lebanon is a secular country, family matters such as marriage, divorce and inheritance are still handled by the religious authorities representing a person's faith. Calls for civil marriage are unanimously rejected by the religious authorities but civil marriages held in another country are recognized by Lebanese civil authorities. Music
2992-516: The citizenship of their host country, nor for the descendants of emigrants born abroad. This situation disproportionately affected Christians. In 2008, the Maronite Institution of Emigrants called for the establishment of an avenue by which emigrants who lost their citizenship may regain it, or their overseas-born descendants (if they so wish) may acquire it. On November 24, 2015, the Lebanese authorities enacted Law #41, “Reacquiring
3060-490: The country (4.6 million citizens). The diaspora population consists of Christians , Muslims , Druze , and Jews . The Christians trace their origin to several waves of emigration , starting with the exodus that followed the 1860 Lebanon conflict in Ottoman empire. Under the current Lebanese nationality law , the Lebanese diaspora do not have an automatic right to return to Lebanon. Varying degrees of assimilation and
3128-470: The country were estimated at $ 8.9 billion in 2014 and accounted for 18% of the country's economy. However, there remains a great untapped potential for further collaboration and cooperation between the diaspora and the Lebanese in their home country. Foreign direct investment is below 7% of the GDP, and almost half the Lebanese population is in tertiary education. Throughout its history, the Lebanese diaspora used
3196-424: The cuisine innovative and renowned both beyond and within its borders. Chef and writer Tara Khattar describes her style of cookery as 'progressive Lebanese cuisine'. In literature, Kahlil Gibran is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind Shakespeare and Laozi . He is particularly known for his book The Prophet (1923), which has been translated into over twenty different languages. Ameen Rihani
3264-514: The curriculum. L'Orient-Le Jour is a Lebanese French-language newspaper. Syriac Aramaic is also spoken as a first language in some Lebanese communities such as Syriac Catholics , Syriac Orthodox and Assyrian Lebanese. Syriac remained both the sole vernacular language of the Maronites until the 14th century when the Mamluks conquered North Lebanon. It is It still used in liturgies by
3332-420: The data from the list and calculates the amount of Lebanese residents as a percentage of the total population of the respective country. Note: An important percentage of Middle-Easterners in Argentina , Brazil , Colombia , Mexico , Venezuela , Bulgaria , Romania , Italy , Portugal and Spain are of Lebanese ancestry. They are denoted ** for this purpose. The Lebanese government increasingly sees
3400-434: The development of the local economies in the region. The list below contains approximate figures for people of full or partial Lebanese descent by country of residence, largely taken from the iLoubnan diaspora map. Additional reliable cites have been provided where possible. Additional estimates have been included where they can be cited; where applicable, these are used in place of the iLoubnan figures. The figure below uses
3468-696: The diaspora as a critical resource for investment and new immigrants. A 2016 television ad tried to entice Lebanese in the United States to move to Lebanon to help improve the standard of living. The Lebanese government launched the DiasporaID program in August 2017 to better connect Lebanese abroad to Lebanon itself. Funding for the project was provided by USAID with an objective of improving foreign investment in Lebanon. On August 8, 2017, Lebanese President Michel Aoun advocated children of Lebanese in
SECTION 50
#17327797160993536-442: The diaspora is estimated to be around 4 to 14 million people, far more than the internal population of Lebanon of around 4.6 million citizens in 2020. According to other estimates, the number of Lebanese living outside the country is thought to at least double the number of citizens living inside, which means at least 8 million people. Of the diaspora, 1.2 million are Lebanese citizens . The Lebanese diaspora has always been
3604-1966: The diaspora take on Lebanese citizenship during a speech to the Maronite Diaspora Institution at Baabda Palace . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] John Maron • Charbel Makhluf • Estephan El Douaihy • Elias Peter Hoayek • Youssef Bey Karam • Former Lebanese President Camille Chamoun • Fairuz • Khalil Gibran • Former Lebanese President Bachir Gemayel • Carlos Slim • Sabah • Carlos Ghosn • Elie Saab • Charles Elachi • John Abizaid • Etienne Saqr • Donna Shalala • Ray LaHood • Michel Temer • U.S. Presidency Candidate Ralph Nader • Miss USA 2010 Rima Fakih • Amal Clooney • Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir • Bechara Boutros al-Rahi • Lebanese President Michel Suleiman Famous scientists of Lebanese descent include: Peter Medawar (Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine), Elias Corey (Nobel Prize in Chemistry), Ardem Patapoutian (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), Michael Atiyah (Fields Medalist, Mathematics), Michael DeBakey (medical innovator), Mona Nemer (Canada's Chief Science Advisor ) and geneticists Huda Zoghbi , Anthony Atala and Joanne Chory . Famous writers include William Peter Blatty , Nelly Sfeir Gonzalez , film director Alex Garland , Nassim Nicholas Taleb and screenwriters and film producers Geoff Johns , Tony Thomas , Ronald Schwary , Tomas Langmann , Mario Kassar and Michael Tadross . Prominent members of
3672-578: The director, who welcomed the guests from Saint-Tropez, Paris and Lebanese. In July 1967, "Les Caves du roy", a temple of Tropezian nights, opened its doors. But when the Six-Day War broke out in June 1967, Jean-Prosper Gay-Para decided to return to Beirut to manage his hotels. The hotel was sold on September 19 to businessman Sylvain Floirat. In 1971, Mick Jagger married Bianca Pérez Mora-Macias at
3740-483: The formal language of the state prompted the cultural and linguistic assimilation of Syrian converts. Those who remained Christian also became Arabized; it was probably during the Abbasid period in the ninth century that Christians adopted Arabic as their first language; the first translation of the gospels into Arabic took place in this century. Many historians, such as Claude Cahen and Bernard Hamilton, proposed that
3808-716: The genre. Historical figure and Lebanese musical pioneer Lydia Canaan is listed in the catalog of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 's Library and Archives in Cleveland, Ohio, USA as the first rock star of the Middle East . Canaan's unique style fuses Middle-Eastern quarter notes and microtones with anglophone rock. Marcel Khalife , a musician who blends classical Arab music with modern sounds, boasts immense popularity for his politically charged lyrics. Distinguished pop artists include Nancy Ajram , Haifa Wehbe , Fadl Shaker , Elissa , and Mika . According to
3876-650: The hotel, and it quickly became a popular destination for celebrities which has continued with contemporary stars like Lady Gaga staying the establishment. On 28 June 2012, the hotel received the prestigious, French designation of palace . The Byblos called on the Italian architect and designer Antonio Citterio to design the restaurant called Rivea at Byblos. In May 2017, le Byblos et les Caves du Roy celebrated their 50th anniversary. Several partnerships took place for this event, with Audemars Piguet , Rolls-Royce , Dom Pérignon , Goyard , Sisley and Missoni Home, which
3944-419: The identity has also been shaped by a long history of political and social conflict. The country has experienced a series of civil wars , foreign invasions , and political crises, which has deepened divisions between different communities and eroded trust in the government and institutions. Lebanon has managed to maintain a sense of national unity and identity. In the face of political and social challenges,
4012-530: The less frequent haplogroups. In a 2017 study by Haber et al., the authors concluded that modern-day Lebanese individuals "derive most of their ancestry from a Canaanite -related population". This finding "implies substantial genetic continuity in the Levant since at least the Bronze Age." Additionally, the researchers identified Eurasian ancestry in modern Lebanese genomes that was absent in Bronze Age populations. They estimated Eurasian ancestry appeared in
4080-513: The music industry's growth. In a 2011 genetic study by Haber et al. which analyzed the male-line Y-chromosome genetics of the different religious groups of Lebanon, revealed no large genetic differentiation between the Maronites , Greek Orthodox Christians , Greek Catholic Christians , Sunni Muslims , Shia Muslims , and Druze of the country in regards to the more frequent haplogroups. Major differences between Lebanese groups were found among
4148-460: The names of their paternal ancestors or male relatives on their father’s side, listed in the 1921–1924 census records (either residents or immigrants registers) and/or the 1932 immigrants registers, which are maintained by the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. Lebanese people are very diverse in faith. The country has the most religiously diverse society in the Middle East, encompassing 17 recognized religious sects. The main two religions among
SECTION 60
#17327797160994216-594: The nation. Lebanon is also a home to various ethnic minorities found refuge in the country over the centuries. Prominent ethnic minorities in the country include the Armenians , the Kurds , the Turks , the Assyrians , the Iranians and some European ethnicities ( Greeks , Italians , French ). There are also a small number of nomadic Dom Gypsies (part of the Roma people of South Asian, particularly, Indian descent) The Lebanese diaspora consists of approximately 4 - 14 million, both Lebanese-born living abroad and those born-abroad of Lebanese descent. The majority of
4284-422: The new tribes away from the original population. Syrians who belonged to Monophysitic denominations welcomed the peninsular Arabs as liberators. The Abbasids in the eighth and ninth century sought to integrate the peoples under their authority, and the Arabization of the administration was one of the tools. Arabization gained momentum with the increasing numbers of Muslim converts; the ascendancy of Arabic as
4352-509: The people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon . The term may also include those who had inhabited Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains prior to the creation of the modern Lebanese state. The major religious groups among the Lebanese people within Lebanon are Shia Muslims (27%), Sunni Muslims (27%), Maronite Christians (21%), Greek Orthodox Christians (8%), Melkite Christians (5%), Druze (5%), Protestant Christians (1%). The largest contingent of Lebanese, however, comprise
4420-443: The principal religious groups in the country. Descendants of Lebanese Christians make up the majority of Lebanese people worldwide, appearing principally in the diaspora . The Lebanese identity is rooted in a shared history and culture. Their rich cultural heritage includes food , music , literature , and art, which is also shaped by the country's location at the crossroads of the Eastern Mediterranean. This has allowed it to be
4488-596: The terms of the Lebanese Constitution the Druze community is designated as a part of the Lebanese Muslim community.) There are also very small numbers of other religions such as Judaism , Mormons , Baháʼí Faith . While Jews have been present in Lebanon since ancient times, their numbers had dwindled during the Muslim era. By the 2000s the Jewish quarter of Beirut, Wadi Abu Jamil , was virtually abandoned, and there were only around 40 Jews left in Beirut. Many well-established Lebanese Jewish diaspora communities exists, such as in Brazil , France , Switzerland , Canada and
4556-488: Was a major figure in the mahjar literary movement developed by Arab emigrants in North America, and an early theorist of Arab nationalism . Mikhail Naimy is widely recognized as among the most important figures in modern Arabic letters and among the most important spiritual writers of the 20th century. Several contemporary Lebanese writers have also achieved international success; including Elias Khoury , Amin Maalouf , Hanan al-Shaykh , and Georges Schéhadé . Family life
4624-789: Was inaugurated on May 27, 1967, in the presence of French models and actresses Mireille Darc and Brigitte Bardot . There were more than 700 guests, many of whom were celebrities, such as Françoise Sagan , René Clair , Maurice Escande , Bernard and Annabel Buffet, Eddie Barclay , Jean Lescudier (mayor of Saint-Tropez), Jean-Paul Roy (governor of the Var Region), Alexandre de Paris , Paco Rabanne , Jean Bousquet, Gérard Khoury (Director of Tourism in Lebanon), Lucien Barrière , Jacques Chazot , Juliette Greco , Michel Piccoli , Gilbert Trigano , Eddy Mitchell and Michel Polnareff . Subsequently, many media personalities continue to pass through this hotel or its nightclub. The team surrounded Jean-Prosper Gay-Para, his wife, Médéa, and Francis Ducluzeau,
#98901