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43-473: Intel Atom is a line of IA-32 and x86-64 instruction set ultra-low-voltage processors by Intel Corporation designed to reduce electric consumption and power dissipation in comparison with ordinary processors of the Intel Core series. Atom is mainly used in netbooks , nettops , embedded applications ranging from health care to advanced robotics, mobile Internet devices (MIDs) and phones. The line

86-416: A 1.6 GHz Intel Atom processor, 1 GB RAM, a 6-cell battery, and Intel GMA Integrated Graphics. Notebook Review reported that the netbook's design offered "a cleaner and smoother appearance all around". The specifications of the netbook are as follows: The IdeaPad S12 received a fairly positive review from PCMagazine . Its features that were well-received included the 12 inch widescreen with

129-527: A 1280×800 resolution, keyboard, express card slot, and battery life. However, the netbook's price and weight were poorly received by the reviewers. The specifications of the netbook are as follows: The IdeaPad netbooks released in 2010 were the S10-3, S10-3t, and S10-3s. The IdeaPad S10-3 netbook was praised for its full-size keyboard , design, light chassis, and low price. It was criticized for its navigation experience, touchpad, low capacity hard drive, and

172-509: A convertible tablet . The S10-3t netbook was among the first computers to use the 1.83 GHz Intel Atom N470 processor. The software BumpTop was preloaded and offered a desk-like view of the desktop in 3D for ease of use. The IdeaPad S10-3s was roughly an inch narrower than the S10-2, with a form factor of 10.6 x 6.6 x 1.4 inches. The netbook was also slightly lighter than similar netbooks and weighed 2.6 lbs. The netbook offered

215-729: A mainboard , like northbridges and southbridges , Atom processors are not available to home users or system builders as separate processors, although they may be obtained preinstalled on some ITX motherboards. The Diamondville and Pineview Atom is used in the HP Mini Series, Asus N10, Lenovo IdeaPad S10 , Acer Aspire One & Packard Bell's "dot" (ZG5), recent ASUS Eee PC systems, Sony VAIO M-series, AMtek Elego, Dell Inspiron Mini Series , Gigabyte M912 , LG X Series, Samsung NC10 , Sylvania g Netbook Meso, Toshiba NB series (100, 200, 205, 255, 300, 500, 505), MSI Wind PC netbooks, RedFox Wizbook 1020i, Sony Vaio X Series, Zenith Z-Book,

258-437: A partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as P5 and the i486 , with the sole purpose of enhancing the performance per watt ratio. However, Hyper-Threading is implemented in an easy (i.e., low power) way to employ the whole pipeline efficiently by avoiding typical single thread dependencies. Atom branded processors have historically featured the following microarchitectures: The performance of

301-798: A range of Aleutia desktops, Magic W3, Archos and the ICP-DAS LP-8381-Atom. The Pineview line is also used in multiple AAC devices for the disabled individual who is unable to speak and the AAC device assists the user in everyday communication with dedicated speech software. Intel has applied the Atom branding to product lines targeting several different market segments, including: MID / UMPC / Smartphone , Netbook / Nettop , Tablet , Embedded , Wireless Base Stations (for 5G networking infrastructure), Microserver / Server and Consumer electronics . Intel consumer electronic (CE) SoCs are marketed under

344-413: A result, the ability of an Atom-based system to run 64-bit versions of operating systems may vary from one motherboard to another. Online retailer mini-itx.com has tested Atom-based motherboards made by Intel and Jetway, and while they were able to install 64-bit versions of Linux on Intel-branded motherboards with D2700 (Cedarview; supports maximum of 4 GB memory DDR3-800/1066) processors, Intel 64 support

387-515: A segment in protected mode , and the translation of segmented addresses to 32-bit linear addresses. The designers took the opportunity to make other improvements as well. Some of the most significant changes (relative to the 16-bit 286 instruction set) are: Lenovo IdeaPad S10 The S series began with the IdeaPad S10, the lowest cost model, powered by an Intel Atom processor in a 10.2-inch subnotebook . Later, more expensive laptops in

430-513: A single-core Atom is about half that of a Pentium M of the same clock rate . For example, the Atom N270 (1.60 GHz) found in many netbooks such as the Eee PC can deliver around 3300 MIPS and 2.1 GFLOPS in standard benchmarks, compared to 7400 MIPS and 3.9 GFLOPS for the similarly clocked (1.72 GHz) Pentium M 740. The Pineview platform has proven to be only slightly faster than

473-740: Is a direct successor of the Intel A100 and A110 low-power processors (code-named Stealey ), which were built on a 90 nm process, had 512 kB L2 cache and ran at 600 MHz/800 MHz with 3 W TDP (Thermal Design Power) . Prior to the Silverthorne announcement, outside sources had speculated that Atom would compete with AMD 's Geode system-on-a-chip processors, used by the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project, and other cost and power sensitive applications for x86 processors. However, Intel revealed on October 15, 2007, that it

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516-632: Is significantly fewer than the P6 and NetBurst microarchitectures . In the Bonnell microarchitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory load and a memory store in connection with an ALU operation, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs. This enables relatively good performance with only two integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering , speculative execution , or register renaming . The Bonnell microarchitecture therefore represents

559-537: Is slightly above the average thermal envelope of the Atom, but offers hardware AES support, random number generators , and out-of-order execution. Performance comparisons of the Intel Atom against the Via Nano indicate that a single core Intel Atom is easily outperformed by the Via Nano which is in turn outperformed by a dual core Intel Atom 330 in tests where multithreading is used. The Core 2 Duo SU7300 outperforms

602-506: Is still sometimes referred to as the "i386" architecture. In some other contexts, certain iterations of the IA-32 ISA are sometimes labelled i486 , i586 and i686 , referring to the instruction supersets offered by the 80486 , the P5 and the P6 microarchitectures respectively. These updates offered numerous additions alongside the base IA-32 set including floating-point capabilities and

645-400: Is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture , designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that supports 32-bit computing; as a result, the "IA-32" term may be used as a metonym to refer to all x86 versions that support 32-bit computing. Within various programming language directives, IA-32

688-526: The Debian Linux distribution. In spite of IA-32's name (and causing some potential confusion), the 64-bit evolution of x86 that originated out of AMD would not be known as "IA-64", that name instead belonging to Intel's Itanium architecture . The primary defining characteristic of IA-32 is the availability of 32-bit general-purpose processor registers (for example, EAX and EBX), 32-bit integer arithmetic and logical operations, 32-bit offsets within

731-512: The MMX extensions . Intel was historically the largest manufacturer of IA-32 processors, with the second biggest supplier having been AMD . During the 1990s, VIA , Transmeta and other chip manufacturers also produced IA-32 compatible processors (e.g. WinChip ). In the modern era, Intel still produced IA-32 processors under the Intel Quark microcontroller platform until 2019; however, since

774-613: The Silvermont microarchitecture and released in the second half of 2013, regain 64-bit support, although driver support for Linux and Windows 7 is limited at launch. The lack of 64-bit Windows support for Cedarview processors has been speculated to be due to a driver issue. A member of the Intel Enthusiast Team has stated in a series of posts on enthusiast site Tom's Hardware that while the Atom D2700 (Cedarview)

817-418: The education market. The netbook included a quick start operating system and 5 hours of battery life at a low starting price. It weighed 2.8 lbs, with a form factor of 9.8 x 7.7 x 0.9–1.4-inches. The netbook offered a wide keyboard occupying almost the entire width of the chassis, and LAPTOP Magazine reported that it was easy for even adults to type on. The IdeaPad S10-2 was a 10-inch netbook with

860-441: The x86-64 instruction set was not added until the desktop Diamondville and mobile Pineview cores. The Atom N2xx and Z5xx series Atom models cannot run x86-64 code. The Centerton server processors also support the x86-64 instruction set. Intel states the Atom supports 64-bit operation only "with a processor, chipset , BIOS " that all support Intel 64 . Those Atom systems not supporting all of these cannot enable Intel 64. As

903-512: The 2000s, the majority of manufacturers (Intel included) moved almost exclusively to implementing CPUs based on the 64-bit variant of x86, x86-64 . x86-64, by specification, offers legacy operating modes that operate on the IA-32 ISA for backwards compatibility. Even given the contemporary prevalence of x86-64, as of today, IA-32 protected mode versions of many modern operating systems are still maintained, e.g. Microsoft Windows (until Windows 10 ), Windows Server (until Windows Server 2008 ) and

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946-639: The Atom Z5xx series and Diamondville would be called the Atom N2xx series. The more expensive lower-power Silverthorne parts was to be used in Intel mobile Internet devices (MIDs) whereas Diamondville was to be used in low-cost desktop and notebooks. Intel and Lenovo also jointly announced an Atom powered MID called the IdeaPad U8. In April 2008, a MID development kit was announced by Sophia Systems and

989-477: The Atom brand. Prior to application of the Atom brand, there were number of Intel CE SoCs including: Olo River (CE 2110 which had an XScale ARM architecture ) and Canmore (CE 3100 which like Stealey and Tolapai had a 90 nm Pentium M microarchitecture ). Intel Atom CE branded SoCs include: Sodaville , Groveland , and Berryville . All Atom processors implement the IA-32 instruction set ; support for

1032-473: The Atom line of CPUs. It was a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on September 13, 2011, to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. This range competed with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies like Texas Instruments , Nvidia , Qualcomm and Samsung . On April 29, 2016, Intel announced the decision to cancel

1075-470: The Atom line with the Cedar processors. In December 2012, Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in servers . Centerton adds features previously unavailable in Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization technology and support for ECC memory . On September 4, 2013, Intel launched a 22 nm successor to Centerton , codenamed Avoton . Intel Atom

1118-709: The Broxton SoC for smartphones and tablets. Broxton was to use the newest Atom microarchitecture (Goldmont on a 14 nm node) in combination with an Intel modem. Embedded processors based on the ARM version 7 instruction set architecture (such as Nvidia 's Tegra 3 series, TI's 4 series and Freescale's i.MX51 based on the Cortex-A8 core, or the Qualcomm Snapdragon and Marvell Armada 500/600 based on custom ARMv7 implementations) offer similar performance to

1161-604: The S-series also powered by Intel Atoms were released. Once the Atom CPU line was discontinued, the main line of lightweight S series laptops switched to alternatives, such as the low-power AMD A-series, Intel Celeron , Pentium , and low-cost versions of Y-series CPUs. The IdeaPad S10, the first laptop in the IdeaPad S Series of netbooks, was released in 2008. The IdeaPad S10 was Lenovo's first netbook. While Engadget found

1204-634: The S10-2. While the S10-2 shared many traits with the S10/S10e, it omitted the ExpressCard34 slot, featured a new physical design, added an additional USB port, and enlarged the keyboard, touchpad, and sizes of the hard drive and SSD . The IdeaPad S Series netbooks released by Lenovo in 2009 were the S10e, S10-2, and the S12. The IdeaPad S10e was a re-launch of the IdeaPad S10, with features updated for

1247-475: The design unremarkable, the low starting price was well-received. The S10 featured a 10.2-inch (260 mm) TFT active matrix 1024×576 or 1024×600 display with an 80 or 160 GB hard disk drive and 512 MB or 1 GB DDR2 Random Access Memory , both of which could be upgraded via a trap door on the bottom of the netbook. The initial S10 featured 512 MB of RAM soldered to system board with an expansion SO-DIMM slot for further upgrades to 2 or 2.5 GB (2.5 GB

1290-696: The dual-core Nano. The Xcore86 (also known as the PMX 1000 ) is x586 based System on Chip (SoC) that offers a below average thermal envelope compared to the Atom. In 2014, Kenton Williston of EE Times said that while Atom will not displace ARM from its current markets, the ability to apply the PC architecture into smaller, cheaper and lower power form factors will open up new markets for Intel. In 2014, ARM claimed that Intel's Atom processors offer less compatibility and lower performance than their chips when running Android, and higher power consumption and less battery life for

1333-668: The first board called CoreExpress -ECO was revealed by a German company LiPPERT Embedded Computers, GmbH. Intel offers Atom based motherboards. In December 2012, Intel released Atom for servers, the S1200 series. The primary difference between these processors and all prior versions, is that ECC memory support has been added, enabling the use of the Atom in mission-critical server environments that demand redundancy and memory failure protection. (with On-die GPU , Intel 64 and Intel VT-x ) Atom processors became available to system manufacturers in 2008. Because they are soldered onto

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1376-552: The following specifications: The IdeaPad S Series netbooks released in 2011 were the S205 and the S215. The S205 had an AMD Fusion E350 dual core processor, 11.6" widescreen display with a 16:9 aspect ratio , and ATI Mobility Radeon 6310M graphics. The specifications of the S205 are as follows: The Lenovo IdeaPad S215 contained 500 GB, 5,400 RPM traditional HDD and 8 GB of solid-state storage. Detailed specifications of

1419-402: The lack of options for customization. Michael Prospero from LAPTOP Magazine indicated in his review that Lenovo had addressed some of the issues raised about the S10-2 netbook and praised the keyboard and the design. He also indicated that the storage capacity was not on par with competitor offerings and that the touchpad could have been improved. The IdeaPad S10-3t was a netbook that was also

1462-625: The low end Atom chipsets but at roughly one quarter the power consumption, and (like most ARM systems) as a single integrated system on a chip, rather than a two chip solution like the current Atom line. Although the second-generation Atom codenamed "Pineview" should greatly increase its competitiveness in performance/watt, ARM plans to counter the threat with the multi-core capable Cortex-A9 core as used in Nvidia's Tegra 2/3, TI's OMAP 4 series, and Qualcomm 's next-generation Snapdragon series, among others. The Nano and Nano Dual-Core series from VIA

1505-570: The previous Diamondville platform. This is because the Pineview platform uses the same Bonnell execution core as Diamondville and is connected to the memory controller via the FSB, hence memory latency and performance in CPU-intensive applications are minimally improved. In March 2009, Intel announced that it would be collaborating with TSMC for the production of the Atom processors. The deal

1548-935: The same Intel GMA 3600 or 3650 graphics as the D2700, this indicates that Atom Cedarview systems will remain unable to run 64-bit versions of Windows, even those which have Intel 64 enabled and are able to run 64-bit versions of Linux. The first Atom processors were based on the Bonnell microarchitecture. Those Atom processors are able to execute up to two instructions per cycle. Like many other x86 processors, they translate x86-instructions ( CISC instructions) into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to as micro-ops , i.e., effectively RISC style instructions) prior to execution. The majority of instructions produce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of instructions used in typical programs producing multiple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce more than one micro-op

1591-614: The same tasks under both Android and Windows. In February 2017 Cisco reported a clock signal issue that would disable several of its products. Cisco stated, "we expect product failures to increase over the years, beginning after the unit has been in operation for approximately 18 months". Soon after, The Register broke the news that this issue was linked to the Intel Atom SoC, and reports of other vendors being affected started appearing online. IA-32 IA-32 (short for " Intel Architecture, 32-bit ", commonly called i386 )

1634-410: Was designed with Intel 64 support, due to a "limitation of the board" Intel had pulled their previously available 64-bit drivers for Windows 7 and would not provide any further 64-bit support. Some system manufacturers have similarly stated that their motherboards with Atom Cedarview processors lack 64-bit support due to a "lack of Intel® 64-bit VGA driver support". Because all Cedarview processors use

1677-488: Was developing another new mobile processor, codenamed Diamondville, for OLPC-type devices. "Atom" was the name under which Silverthorne would be sold, while the supporting chipset formerly code-named Menlow was called Centrino Atom. At Spring Intel Developer Forum (IDF) 2008 in Shanghai , Intel officially announced that Silverthorne and Diamondville are based on the same microarchitecture. Silverthorne would be called

1720-636: Was not enabled on a Jetway-branded motherboard with a D2550 (Cedarview) processor. Even among Atom-based systems which have Intel 64 enabled, not all are able to run 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows . For those Pineview processors which support 64-bit operation, Intel Download Center currently provides 64-bit Windows Vista and Windows 7 drivers for Intel GMA 3150 graphics, found in Pineview processors. However, no 64-bit Windows drivers are available for Intel Atom Cedarview processors, released Q3 2011. However, Intel's Bay Trail-M processors, built on

1763-424: Was only usable with an operating system with support for sparse memory regions). The processor was an Intel Atom that ran at 1.6 GHz. The S10 supported IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless networking and had two USB ports, an ExpressCard expansion slot, a 4-in-1 media reader, and a VGA output. These computers received positive consumer reviews and a 9/10 rating from Wired magazine. In May 2009 Lenovo introduced

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1806-568: Was originally designed in 45 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor ( CMOS ) technology and subsequent models, codenamed Cedar , used a 32 nm process. The first generation of Atom processors are based on the Bonnell microarchitecture . On December 21, 2009, Intel announced the Pine Trail platform, including new Atom processor code-named Pineview (Atom N450), with total kit power consumption down 20%. On December 28, 2011, Intel updated

1849-579: Was put on hold due to lack of demand in 2010. On September 13, 2011, Intel and Google held a joint announcement of a partnership to provide support in Google's Android operating system for Intel processors (beginning with the Atom). This would allow Intel to supply chips for the growing smartphone and tablet market. Based on this collaboration, in 2012, Intel announced a new system on chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablets which would use

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