The Intercontinental Le Mans Cup (shortened ILMC ) was an endurance sports car racing tournament organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) started in 2010. The plans were first announced in June 2009 and confirmed in December of the same year.
117-657: Both sports prototypes and grand tourers were eligible to compete for the ILMC: the LMP1 and GTE classes each had a manufacturers cup, whereas all ACO classes had teams cups as long as there were at least four entries. In 2010 also the GT1 class was eligible for the final time. Peugeot was totally dominant winning 9 out of the 10 races during the two years. For 2012, the ACO and the FIA announced
234-570: A 25-minute lead. Then, suddenly at 8:45am, Warwick coasted to a stop on the Hunaudières straight. The ignition cut out three times, but by flicking the master-switch he managed to get back to his alarmed crew. The time spent in the pits swapping out the electronics packs dropped the lead down to 14 minutes (3 laps). In the improving weather, the leading cars were pushing hard, but that in turn led to mistakes being made: Herbert had several episodes with loose bodywork then lost 20 minutes replacing
351-592: A 3-lap lead. After that, they were unhindered and took a 6-lap victory over the Toyota of Kenny Acheson / Masanori Sekiya / Pierre-Henri Raphanel that was misfiring and losing power. The race for the podium places kept changing as the Toyotas, Mazda and other Peugeot kept having their charges thwarted by delays and issues. Third, barely a lap behind and closing quickly, was the other Peugeot team car, of Mauro Baldi / Philippe Alliot / Jean-Pierre Jabouille . After running
468-434: A 4.2-litre naturally-aspirated V8. In seasons 2017 through 2020, the engine produced about 600 bhp . Dallara , Onroak Automotive (Ligier), Oreca and the joint-venture Riley Tech / Multimatic were selected by FIA as the four exclusive chassis constructors, which must be closed-cockpit designs. Before the start of the 2021 season LMP2 cars have been slowed down to ensure the necessary lap time difference between
585-537: A DFR Cosworth engine. His championship drivers were Italians “Gigi” Taverna and Alessandro Gini, with veteran John Sheldon as their third driver. Tim Lee-Davey gave away running a Porsche and this year brought a Spice SE90C, which he ran in Category 1. Perennially short of funding, he arrived without a confirmed driver line-up and sold the three seats in the paddock upon arrival – to Chris Hodgetts , French veteran François Migault and Thierry Lecerf. Ranieri Randaccio
702-614: A bearing failed. Toivonen and Jones did not get a chance to put any laps in at all. This meant, in theory, that Taylor would have to driver the whole race himself. In the FIA Cup, it was the Spice of Bernard de Dryver that.was fastest, with a 3:58.6 getting them 21st on the grid, just ahead of the Chamberlain Spice. The Spice of Tim Lee-Davey sat in the garage all Wednesday as insurance was organised. Some lap-times were set by
819-519: A brand-new honeycomb-hull 962-GTi from the British conversion specialist company of Richard Lloyd's GTi Engineering, incorporating engineer Chris Crawford's personal improvements. The owners chose not to race themselves this time but put together a very strong British team of drivers. Derek Bell was enticed out of retirement to have the opportunity to race with his son Justin and they were joined by racer/TV presenter Tiff Needell . The other Porsche
936-400: A degree of safety between the disparate classes, the ACO required the average qualification time of the four best laps of all entrants be within 130%. 1992 also the formation of a specifically trained “extraction team” to rescue an injured driver safely from a crashed car. Finally, given the variation in classes and the previous inability to match fuel-consumption parity, the ACO also cancelled
1053-466: A dozen laps down or so, driven by van der Poele and Brabham. The track started drying as the rain eased in the third hour, and the cars switched over to intermediate tyres. However, it was still damp in patches and Brabham was caught out on oil, sliding into the tyre-barrier at Indianapolis necessitating another three-quarter hour of repairs. In the fourth hour, the track was completely dry and World Champion Teo Fabi started putting in very fast times as
1170-477: A feeble 21 cars entered from those two classes so once again, the ACO ( Automobile Club de l'Ouest ) was forced to improvise. They opened the entry-list to the former Group C cars, with the return of Category 2 used in 1991. FISA gave their grudging approval of the reality but stipulated that the cars could only come from marques in the SWC past or present – which allowed Jaguar, Toyota, Spice and rotary Mazdas but excluded
1287-502: A holed radiator. Alliot had already slid the second-placed Peugeot off the track several times, and when Baldi went off at Indianapolis, yet another nose-section was required to be fitted. At 10am, with 6 hours to go, the Warwick/Blundell/Dalmas Peugeot (260 laps) had a 16-minute, 4-lap lead over the Toyota (256), with the second Peugeot in third, two laps back. The Mazda was fourth (247), but stationary in
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#17327727580861404-416: A hot-lap tried to undercut a Porsche but ended up in the gravel damaging its suspension. Clear weather on Thursday allowed more quick times, but the nearest they could come to Alliot was Dalmas with a 3:22.8. Wendlinger in the third car was thwarted by electrical gremlins stopping him out on-track, then skated off the track in the night session to settle for 6th with a 3:31.3 from the first day. In contrast,
1521-640: A major accident when he aquaplaned off at the Porsche Curves, damaging the front suspension. Breaking the starter motor, he was unable to get going again and was out, having also suffered a mild concussion. At half distance, nothing had changed at the front of the field, however Irvine pitted the SARD Toyota with clutch problems. The time taken to replace the master cylinder moved the Pescarolo/Wollek/Ricci Courage up to be
1638-523: A minute behind the Mazda. The Kremer Porsche was 7th, just a lap behind after having to ease off to conserve fuel. Hugh Chamberlain's cars had only finished once previously at Le Mans, so having both cars come home was a great reward. Granted, the Japanese-driven car had only completed 160 laps and could not be classified. Piper's car, by dint of being the last car running was the class winner. Of
1755-514: A new class called the FIA-Cup was initiated as a cheaper option. Set up for the former Group C2 cars had their Cosworth 3.5-litre engines limited to 9500 revs and would have steel-based brakes rather than the latest carbon brake systems. They would only score points in the European rounds, taking away the expense of the long-haul rounds elsewhere. As the deadline approached, the premier race had
1872-459: A notably smaller number of spectators for qualifying, particularly among the British. The France v Denmark football match in Euro’92 also keep the audience at home. With the smaller field, scrutineering was also quieter and it all meant the whole paddock area was that bit more subdued than usual. Peugeot had three T-cars, one for each squad to practice with. On the first morning, despite traffic Alliot
1989-479: A road-going supercar and racing sportscar. Engineer Paul Brown, who had worked at Zakspeed , March and Chevron , designed the new P351 with Chris Norris. The tub was fashioned from advanced composites. Terry Hoyle built the 3.5-litre V12 based on the style of the old Formula 1 Weslake V12 engine . The lead drivers hired for the season were South African Wayne Taylor and former rally-driver Harri Toivonen . Due to mechanical problems, they were unable to start at
2106-420: A significant lead coming into the new day as the rain finally passed. The only hiccup for the leader was at 8.45am when Warwick came to a stop on the back straight with the engine cutting out. Three times he tried to get it started and eventually was able to limp back to the pits. Such was their lead though, he was able to limp back to the pits, get the electronics replaced for a quarter-hour and still come out with
2223-567: A spec Peugeot engine – the 1.9-litre 4-cylinder motor taken from the Peugeot 405 Mi16, that could be tuned to put out 220 bhp. Modifications were required to make them suitable for endurance racing, including adding headlights, an alternator and a 70-litre fuel-tank. Another entry from the French local series was Eric Bellefroid in a modified Orion spyder. Updated by former Oreca engineer Jacky Renaud, and Jacky Carmignon, they styled their design
2340-663: A strong second through most of the night, the Mazda MXR-01 driven by 1991 winners Volker Weidler , Johnny Herbert and Bertrand Gachot had been waylaid by gearbox issues, but made it home in fourth, albeit running with half its gears missing. The advent of the new regulations for the Sportscar World Championship in 1991 had been underwhelming. Indeed, in the close-season, the FISA ( Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile ) Commission had recommended
2457-452: A thousand kilometres (78 laps) and could not be classified. This was the first victory for a V10 car and it was also the first for a French manufacturer since the very popular win for Le Mans local Jean Rondeau in 1980 . They had led since the second hour and were trouble-free aside from a short electrical issue. Despite the small field, and absence of the big European works teams, the race had been full of drama and interest. Reliability
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#17327727580862574-540: The Circuit Paul Ricard , even getting chicanes set up on its Mistral straight for a better simulation. Two cars were running in the SWC, again managed by team director Jean Todt , with a team of ex-Formula 1 drivers: Derek Warwick had been released by Jaguar and partnered Yannick Dalmas . They had finished second in the opening round and won the next at Silverstone , and for this race were joined by Mark Blundell . Mauro Baldi and Philippe Alliot raced
2691-607: The Zhuhai circuit. Le Mans Prototype A Le Mans Prototype ( LMP ) is a type of sports prototype race car used in various races and championships, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans , FIA World Endurance Championship , IMSA SportsCar Championship , European Le Mans Series , and Asian Le Mans Series . Le Mans Prototypes were created by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The technical requirements for an LMP include bodywork covering all mechanical elements of
2808-822: The 2015–2019 first-generation ruleset were the Ginetta-Juno P3 , Ligier JS P3 , Norma M30 , ADESS-03 , and the Ave-Riley AR-02. The cars were eligible in a number of series, such as the Asian Le Mans Series, the European Le Mans Series, as well as the V de V Endurance Series and the IMSA Prototype Challenge . A number of championships for the class have also been created, such as the FRD LMP3 series and
2925-603: The 7th best time with 3:34.3. The quickest turbo car was the Kremer Porsche in 8th, just ahead of Cor Euser in the Lola. The company had supplied a new, uprated transmission to Euro Racing, and Frentzen posted the fasted time in the Saturday warm-up session. The BRM had a difficult practice – losing the whole first day because a new differential arrived with no fitting-bolts, and then Taylor only got 6 laps on Thursday before
3042-553: The ACO, announced their intention not to apply to be in the World Championship and its prohibitive restrictions in 1993. The promised TV coverage had been minimal on the mainstream channels. With the limited interest in the series, the FIA abbreviated the 1992 SWC season – from an international series of 10 rounds it was slashed back to just five European rounds and a sole “flyaway” event at Suzuka . Critics were scathing of
3159-557: The Alméras Frères Porsche at the second chicane on the back straight, ending their race. Five minutes later, the Trust Toyota of Stefan Johansson came to a stop on the track with a broken gear linkage. He was finally able to jam it into a gear and made it back to the pits, without the engine cover. Worse luck was for the second Mazda, that had made its way past the turbo cars up to sixth. At 1:15 Yojiro Terada had
3276-818: The British LMP3 Cup. First-generation cars were powered by a 5.0-litre normally-aspirated Nissan VK50 V8 engine , producing 310 kW (420 hp). A 2nd Generation ruleset was introduced for 2020, with new cars introduced: the Ginetta G61-LT-P3 , Ligier JS P320 , Duqueine D-08 , and the ADESS-03 Evo. These cars can be built from its predecessors using an upgrade kit. The new LMP3 prototypes are used in Asian Le Mans Series, Michelin Le Mans Cup , IMSA VP Racing SportsCar Challenge , European Le Mans Series, and Prototype Cup Germany. For
3393-564: The Dunlop Curve, neither giving way. Dalmas finally yielded to Alliot at the Esses. The cars all created big rooster-tails of spray down the Hunaudières straight making visibility very difficult. The early mover up the field was Volker Weidler – the Mazda was up to fourth by lap two, passed Lees for third on lap three. He then caught Dalmas on lap five, about 20 minutes into the race, when the latter ran wide at Mulsanne. The Peugeot repassed on
3510-510: The FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) and in the 24 Hours of Le Mans from the 2021 season . Non-hybrid LMP1 cars were eligible to be "grandfathered" for two more seasons and compete alongside the new class for the 2021 to 2022 seasons. Starting from the 2023 season of WEC and IMSA SportsCar Championship, Le Mans Hypercars are joined by Le Mans Daytona h (LMDh) cars. These two kinds of prototypes will form
3627-532: The Ford Chicane costing many minutes trying to find a gear to limp across to the pits. Going into the second hour, Weidler and Dalmas were able to put a bit of a gap on the rest of the field. Baldi had swapped with Alliot and was closely pursued by teammate Ferté, and Lees. The treacherous conditions finally claimed a prize at 5.30pm. Lees had got past the third Peugeot, but lifted as he approached slower traffic at Tertre Rouge. Unsighted, Ferté ran straight into
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3744-583: The GT class regulations, forcing the ACO to promote them as prototypes. In 2000, changes were made to the LMP regulations, as the ACO once again split the open-cockpit LMP class. The two new classes became known as "LMP900" and "LMP675", with the numbers denoting the minimum weight requirements (in kilograms) for each class. The LMP900s were to be more powerful and faster in top speed, but also heavier and more cumbersome. The LMP675s were to be smaller and more nimble, yet lack
3861-519: The Group C cars with Le Mans Prototypes . Two classes were created, with LMP1s running large displacement custom-built engines that were usually turbocharged, and LMP2s using the smaller displacement production-based engines. Both classes were required to have open cockpits. However, LMP1 cars that year were just former Group C cars, some still with closed cockpits ( Toyota 94C-V , Courage C32 , Kremer K8 Spyder , Porsche 962C GTI , ALD C289 and Alpa LM). At
3978-741: The Hypercar category, a single aero kit has been made mandatory across the whole season and is limited to the Le Mans specification in the WEC; the ELMS teams have retained the right to switch between the aero kits. LMP3 is an entry-level prototype class intended for introducing young drivers and new teams to endurance racing before they progress to the higher classes of prototype racing, LMP2 and ultimately Hypercar. LMP3 uses closed-cockpit chassis, which can be built by any licensed constructor. Cars eligible for
4095-545: The Index of Energy Efficiency. At the end of 1991, both Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz had withdrawn from the World Championship, potentially ripping the competitive heart out of it. Only three major companies remained committed to the Championship: Peugeot, Mazda and Toyota with their five new SWC entries bolstered by extra works cars for Le Mans. The FIA Cup had only provided another six cars from privateer teams at
4212-596: The LMP2 and a new class—Hypercar. In the original version of the new ruleset, revealed in November 2020, only the power of the Gibson engine has been reduced—to 560 bhp. Right before the start of the season, the cars were further weakened, by trimming an additional 20 bhp to a total of 540 bhp. The minimum weight of the cars has also been increased by 20 kg and has been set at 950 kg. Furthermore, mirroring
4329-435: The Le Mans race. Although it used the same hull, it had a full makeover above with a stubby nose and lowered shell with new vents by the cockpit to cool the relocated radiators in the side-pods. A large new twin-plane rear wing off the back of the chassis improved downforce. It was calculated these low, wide-bodied cars could generate more downforce than any other sports car, able to pull 4G in the corners. The Peugeots were also
4446-653: The Porsche 962. Therefore, a further dispensation was made for Porsche (and the Porsche-engined Cougars) in a new Category 3 – which FISA magnanimously stated was because “of the contribution made by this make to the World Championships and to Le Mans over many years.” Even so, FISA also put their limits on them – although they could race back at their original design-weight of 900 kg, they were only given 2140 litres, down almost 20% from
4563-689: The Silverstone (six-hour race) and Petit Le Mans races on similar dates, the championship started with the 12 Hours of Sebring (Sebring, United States, March) before moving into Europe to contest a six-hour race at Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium on May, the 24 Hours of Le Mans (Le Mans, France, June 11–12), and another six hour race at the Imola circuit in Italy on July. The season finale was held in China on
4680-610: The Silverstone round and so arrived at le Mans with not even two hours of track-time to shake down the new car. Richard Jones was the third driver. In the days of the C2 class, Spice Engineering had dominated as a builder of customer cars. The advent of the FIA Cup as a cheaper option for privateers perfectly suited these aging Category 1 cars. The division had five entries, four of them being Spices. Hugh Chamberlain entered both of his SE89C cars from last year, once again in conjunction with Euro Racing. His team driver, Ferdinand de Lesseps,
4797-664: The Sportscar Championship in 1991, when many teams walked away. This year they were competing in the German Interserie . They brought three cars of their CK6 variant, including a spare, to Le Mans this year. Their lead car had an experienced line-up: Le Mans winners John Nielsen (1990) and Manuel Reuter (1989) were joined by Giovanni Lavaggi . While the second car had Brits Robin Donovan and Charles Rickett with Italian Almo Coppelli. Hans Obermaier
Intercontinental Le Mans Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue
4914-463: The TOMs team had only a single T-car and bamboozled the stewards constantly changing its race-number as each driver-squad (legally) took a turn to set their race-times. With a #8, Lammers managed a 3:27.7, then a quick swap to #7 allowed Lees to pip his teammate with a 3:26.4 for third on the grid. As #33, Raphanel posted a 3:29.3 for 5th place. The Mazda team had a solid qualification, with Weidler setting
5031-440: The Toyotas were finally able to get onto slicks and show their potential. Just before 9pm, the drizzle returned. All the new drivers lost time as they got into their cars and acclimatised to the difficult driving conditions. Jabouille passed Gachot in the Mazda for second as he settled into his race-pace. As darkness fell around the 6-hour mark the race-order was pretty stable. The slower lap-times were also putting less stress on
5148-652: The Weidler/Herbert Mazda. Jabouille was third in the other Peugeot while the two Toyotas, now driven by Fabi and Acheson were fourth and fifth, about to go a lap down. It was apparent the Michelin wet-weather tyres of the Peugeots and Mazdas were handling the condition far better than the Goodyears on the Toyotas. Extraordinary pitwork got the two damaged cars back on the track in less than an hour, albeit
5265-466: The arrival of a proposed privateer Jaguar effort, just days before scrutineering. In 1991, the Category 2 was used to admit the turbocharged Group C cars. The FISA restrictions this year left the class only open to those manufacturers that had Category 1 cars in 1991 or 1992. This could have allowed Jaguar, Mercedes entries and even the rotary Mazdas would be eligible. However, it was only Toyota that took up this option, with two customer teams supported by
5382-429: The attempts of the leading cars to string together a reliable driving stint. So, what would normally be expected to be a gentle run to the finish was instead replaced by nervous, anxious pit-crews, just waiting for the next problem to afflict them. After the second car's demise, Sandro Sala was swapped into the remaining Mazda, with the tall Gachot having found the cramped cockpit a very uncomfortable experience. Lammers
5499-477: The back of him, sending both cars off into the barriers. Although badly damaged, amazingly both cars were able to crawl back to the pits. Lees had lost his engine cover and had wrecked rear suspension, while Ferté had a windscreen smashed by the Toyota's rear wing, and a broken front suspension. A quicker second refuel, and driver-change, got the Dalmas/Warwick Peugeot back into the lead over
5616-523: The cancellation of the series as the entries had been desultory and event promoters were put off by the exorbitant fees the body demanded. However, some crisis meetings were held and sufficient compromises were reached to see the Championship return in 1992. In March Peugeot, Mazda and Toyota each paid $ 3 million to FISA to convince them to keep the Championship running. The main regulations remain unchanged, however as an incentive for further entries,
5733-677: The car. As of 2023, there are two classes within Le Mans Prototypes, designated LMP2 and LMP3 . While not as fast as open-wheel Formula One cars around a track, the LMP1s were the fastest closed-wheel racing cars used in circuit racing. Le Mans Prototypes are considered a class above production-based grand tourer cars, which compete alongside them in sports car racing . Later, LMP1 designs included hybrid cars that use electric motors to assist acceleration. The Le Mans Prototype LMP1 class has been replaced by Le Mans Hypercars in
5850-452: The cars were eased onto the grid. However, it returned just as the cars were about to start their pace laps, causing confusion as several teams changed tyres at the last minute. Caught out still in the pits was the BRM. Honorary starter this year, was Prince Albert of Monaco , himself a well-known racing enthusiast. At the start, the two Peugeots scared their pit-crews as both cars dived toward
5967-569: The classic Can-Am (CA) name for their prototypes. Since 2004, most series have switched to referring to these cars as Le Mans Prototypes . The American Le Mans Series , the successor to the IMSA GT Championship and the predecessor of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, officially referred to the cars simply as Prototypes (P1, P2, or PC). An LMP is commonly referred to as a Le Mans car in
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#17327727580866084-538: The costs, FIA introduced a new set of LMP2 regulations, which will be locked in through 2020, aiming for a significant power increase, to the range of 150 horsepower (which is expected to lead to a four-second decrease in lap time at Le Mans). Gibson Technology is the exclusive engine supplier for LMP2, producing a four-litre normally-aspirated V8. Biofuels , specifically petrol with 10% ethanol and biodiesel ( BTL ), are allowed in both LMP1 and LMP2 categories. The fuel tank size and minimum weight for non-hybrid cars
6201-586: The creation of a new FIA World Endurance Championship . This championship would use similar rules to and would replace the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup. The 2010 calendar comprised the 1000 km Silverstone (Silverstone, United Kingdom, September 12), the Petit Le Mans (Road Atlanta, United States, October 2) and the 1000 km Zhuhai (Zhuhai, China, November 7). Meanwhile, the 2011 calendar expanded to seven events. Along with
6318-519: The custom-chassis for Nissan's Group C program. However, with the end of the turbo-era, Lola was left without a contract and so looked to develop a ‘customer’ car for the new formula. Developed by former Spice technical director Graham Humphrys, the Lola T92/10 had a modern honeycomb/Carbon monocoque and carbon-fibre chassis. Like Mazda, it was fitted with the Formula 1 Judd engine although not with
6435-565: The damage was terminal and they retired from 10th and 11th within minutes of each other. Half an hour later, Andy Wallace brought the third-placed Toyota in with a puncture. He had had a huge moment approaching the Indianapolis kink when the right rear let go at over 300 kp/h. Fabi took over the driving but after a short stint had to pit with a broken clutch, necessitating a full rear-end change. Through all this mayhem, Warwick/Blundell/Dalmas had been sailing on serenely, building up
6552-533: The drag-race down to Indianapolis, but the Mazda's better performance in the curves in the wet retook the place at the Ford Chicane. Then, with a huge cheer from the grandstands, he did a bold pass for the lead at Tertre Rouge. Once again, the Peugeot blasted past on the straight but, once again, Weidler was able to pass at the Ford Chicane and hold onto the top place this time. Meanwhile, the Toyotas of Lees and Lammers were 4th and 5th, with Ferté and Raphanel next in
6669-400: The dramatic improvement in aerodynamics and downforce. The Category 4 WM and Debora were dangerously slower, at less than 250 kp/h, which caused quite some consternation among the leading cars, particularly when coming up behind them in the corners. The sunny weather over the week gave way to a miserable race-day. It drizzled all morning, during the warm-up session, but eased by the time
6786-486: The drivers before Migault's sponsors “pulled the plug” and cancelled their funding. The team had no choice but to withdraw. Plagued by electrical problems, the ALD was packed up by Friday and never made it to the start-line. Alliot's Peugeot and Reuter's Kremer Porsche were both clocked at almost 350 kp/h, while the Toyota was doing 345 kp/h. This compared to 380 kp/h from Blundell's 1000+ bhp Nissan, showing
6903-528: The engines. The two Peugeots were about 2 minutes apart, ahead of the Mazda (all 87 laps) and the two Toyotas (85). The SARD Toyota was the best of the turbos, in sixth, chased hard by Wollek in the Cougar (84). The second Mazda was eighth (83) with its alternative, lower-slung rear wing making handling very tricky in the wet. The Kremer Porsche and Trust Toyota rounded out the top-10 (82 laps). The Euro Racing Lola-Judds were having issues with gear-selection. Pareja
7020-486: The entry low of 1932. It was noted that it resembled a non-championship Formula One race of the 1960s when a few factory cars would be up against a group of keen privateers. Defending champions, Jaguar withdrew at the end of the 1991 season, as did Sauber-Mercedes leaving Peugeot as the only factory team remaining. Their updated model, the Peugeot 905 Evo 1- bis , had debuted at the Nürburgring round following
7137-403: The first cars to race with xenon headlights, using an electric arc rather than a metal filament giving a very bright, pure-white beam that could extend over 300 metres. Jean-Pierre Boudy extracted an extra 20 bhp from the 3.5-litre V10 engine which was now a sturdier steel construction built for endurance rather than lightness, as was the transmission. The team ran six 24-hour tests, mostly at
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#17327727580867254-434: The first hour, but a slow fuel-stop let the Peugeot of Derek Warwick , Yannick Dalmas and Mark Blundell into the lead. The rain eased off in the early evening, allowing the Toyotas to show their full potential until the drizzle returned again at 9pm. Through the night most cars suffered from mechanical issues or slid off the track in the treacherous conditions. However, the leading Peugeot remained trouble-free, building up
7371-611: The handling of World Sportscars by the FIA and sceptical about the future of the Sportscar World Championship. With minimal regular opposition, Ferdinand de Lesseps and his Chamberlain Engineering Spice won every round and was crowned the one, and only, FIA Cup Champion. As the abbreviated series wound down, it was patently obvious that this was the end of organised sports-car racing for the foreseeable future. Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by
7488-468: The honeycomb chassis, with a lower rear aerofoil behind a longer engine cover. The lead car had an all-French crew of incredible experience, with Henri Pescarolo (26th start) and Bob Wollek (22nd start) along with Jean-Louis Ricci , heir to the Nina Ricci fashion house. The national trophy cars were only loosely Sports Cars, fitted as they were with a single, centre-mounted seat. Welter Racing
7605-428: The initial pace until overhauled by 1991-winner, Volker Weidler in the new Jaguar-derived Mazda. It was soon apparent the wet-weather Michelin tyres of the Peugeots and Mazdas were handling the conditions far better than the Goodyears on the Toyotas, as they pulled out a gap. Despite a better weight-allowance for the Group C cars, the tighter fuel quantity meant they were never a factor for outright honours. Weidler led for
7722-411: The lap of their lap with them being the only two cars left running. At 7:42am, a big cloud of smoke at Tertre Rouge indicated major engine problems for the recovering Toyota. Katayama had to crawl slowly back to the pits, and by a strange co-incidence, passed the #31 Peugeot that Lees had been shunted by the evening before. Van der Poele was stopped on track, with the engine cover off. But for both cars
7839-413: The last chassis made, a C289, to Le Mans – eligible for Category 2 as ALD had run the full championship in 1991. They took out the Cosworth engine and swapped it with a 300 bhp Peugeot 3-litre V6, although it was well down in power on their Toyota rivals. Veteran Raymond Touroul came in to provide Pachot and his fellow rookie Didier Cadarec with some experience. To help pad out the field, FISA allowed
7956-507: The latter part of the race. Finishing without first, third and sixth gear, they were 16 laps behind the winners, but their competitive driving during the majority of the race proved their victory the year before was no fluke. The race to be the first turbocharged car home, went right down to the wire. After a reliable run in the second half of the race, Fouché, in the Trust Toyota, pushed really hard and caught Bob Wollek's Courage with just 15 minutes to go, to take fifth place, and finished only
8073-412: The leading turbo. As dawn approached, the rain finally eased again, and the track began to dry. Getting back onto slicks, the pace of the Toyotas picked up again. They were making progress when their leading car, running fourth, pitted at 5:40am with its engine sounding rough. Three-quarters of an hour later, Alliot pitted the second Peugeot with more engine issues. The door was also giving trouble and
8190-601: The longer engine. The model, called the MXR-01 , needed much work to upgrade it from a sprint-car to an endurance racer. The biggest work was put into the engine, strengthening both it and its Hewland transmission. However, with an output of 600 bhp and a top speed of only 325 kp/h, the performance was underwhelming, giving away around 20 kp/h to their Peugeot and Toyota rivals. Five chassis were purchased, four of them came to Le Mans with two as test-cars. The winning team of 1991, Volker Weidler , Johnny Herbert and Bertrand Gachot , had one car, again decked out in
8307-556: The media. The first use of what would become Le Mans Prototypes was at the 1992 24 Hours of Le Mans . In an attempt to increase the number of entrants beyond the small field of Group C competitors that the World Sportscar Championship had to offer, older Porsche 962s were allowed entry in Category 3. To further increase the size of the field, small open-cockpit race cars using production road car engines which were raced in small national championships were allowed in Category 4. Later, ACO announced its intentions to completely replace
8424-473: The modifications that Mazda put in. The first two orders went to Dutchman Charles Zwolsman and his Euro Racing team, replacing his uncompetitive Spices. After failing to finish in the opening races, the team strengthened the Lola gearbox and reworked the rear suspension. Now under the team management of Brit Roy Baker, they entered both cars for the race. Zwolsman raced with his regular co-driver, Cor Euser , and Jesús Pareja . The owner also entered himself in
8541-404: The new Mazdas there waiting for any slip-ups. There were still considerable concerns that the 3.5-litre engines derived from Formula 1 could not last the distance. It was Philippe Alliot who took pole position for Peugeot, in a blistering lap fully five seconds faster than the lap record, with teammate Dalmas second. The race started in wet conditions, making visibility hard. These two Peugeots set
8658-508: The old turbo Group C cars (i.e. Porsches) to be entered under this Category 3. They were allowed a minimum weight back up to 900 kg, but their fuel allowance was slashed to only 2140 litres, effectively 4 hours of racing and neutering the challenge they could provide. FISA was adamant they would not upstage their Category 1 cars. Five Porsches accepted the challenge, all fitted with the 3.0-litre Porsche turbo engine to better manage their fuel consumption. The Kremer brothers had stayed loyal to
8775-451: The opening two rounds, and as mentioned, the extended list for SWC-class cars only came to 21 cars. Those in Category 2 numbered just four, from Jaguar, Toyota, and ALD. The Porsche “class” of Category 3 provided 8 entries while the Category 4 promised nine cars but only delivered three. This all rustled up a medium-sized field of 44 entries but come race-week only 30 arrived for scrutineering – another disappointing race-low matching those of
8892-459: The pits, and about to be passed by the Cougar and the Kremer Porsche, all on the same lap. The Trust turbo-Toyota was leading Category 2 in 7th (244) with a good 6-lap margin over the SARD Toyota (9th – 238). Splitting them was the second works Toyota (242) of Lammers/Wallace/Fabi. There was a big gap back to the second Kremer car in 10th (219 laps). This pattern continued on toward midday, with periodic misfires, gearbox and engine problems thwarting
9009-490: The previous 2550 litres. TWR Jaguar led the requests for reconsideration, but Peugeot and Toyota vetoed the motion. Entries were still lacking, so the deadline was extended again, and a final effort was made, opening up a fourth class to the low-cost, low-powered sports cars that ran in national European series – including the French Peugeot 905 Spider, Italian Coupe Alfa Romeo and British Pro-Sport 3000. To ensure
9126-423: The race-track as the leading cars just strove to get through the night and aim to pick up the pace in the morning. By the halfway point, at 4am, Dalmas/Warwick/Blundell had built a 2-lap, 10-minute, lead over their teammates. Alliot had had a power-steering failure that slid him off into the gravel at Indianapolis, losing a few minutes as he got pulled out. Twice, Herbert had to pit to get the windscreen replaced as it
9243-438: The rear end. After the gearbox needed to be replaced later in the evening, they were 10 laps behind. The second car had repeated electronics issues and then a broken seat-mounting. The drivers also had episodes in the gravel that exasperated the team principal. The rain got heavier during the night and mist also came down as the temperature dropped. Visibility was low and cars sliding off the track were leaving gravel and oil on
9360-456: The same class structure as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, meaning it was the first championship to use the LMP name. At the same time, the ACO greatly altered their LMP classes. The smaller LMP2 class were briefly eliminated, while a new class of closed-cockpit prototypes was allowed in, known as "LMGTP" (Le Mans grand touring prototype). These cars were evolutions of production-based road cars that the ACO considered too advanced and too fast to fall under
9477-474: The same lap together as the day warmed up at breakfast-time, all were putting in very fast laps in the drying conditions. The de Dryver Spice had built a huge 24-lap lead over their opposition through the night, running as high as 13th overall. However, as the sun came up, they were thwarted by an ignition failure. At the time, both the Chamberlain cars were stationery in the pits, but the class win fell into
9594-601: The same orange-&-green Renown livery as their previous steed. The second car would be driven by their Japanese veterans Yojiro Terada and Takashi Yorino , with Brazilian Maurizio Sandro Sala . Having taken a year out from the championship, Toyota returned with a new SWC car, the TS010 . This was the first racing Toyota not designed by a Japanese engineer, but instead came out of the TOMS-Europe facility. Tony Southgate , designer of Jaguar's Le Mans-winning XJR-12 ,
9711-422: The same time, the IMSA GT Championship announced the end of their closed cockpit GTP and Lights classes, deciding as well to replace them with a single open-cockpit class of World Sports Cars equivalent to LMP1. This formula continued up to 1996, with many manufacturers embracing the LMP and WSC classes, including Ferrari , Porsche , and Mazda . In 1997, the first European series based around Le Mans Prototypes
9828-460: The second car, along with Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Shunji Kasuya . A marque making a surprise return to motor-racing was BRM , last seen in Formula 1 fifteen years ago. They were no strangers to Le Mans however, having worked with Rover for the unique Rover-BRM turbine car in the mid-1960s. Entrepreneur John Mangoletsi approached the Rubery Owen company in 1989 about the idea of making
9945-759: The second car, as they did the previous year, with veteran Jean-Pierre Jabouille as their co-driver. A third car, driven by Alain Ferté , Eric van der Poele and ex-Mercedes driver Karl Wendlinger was also entered for this race only. Mazda had known their race-winning Mazda 787B was being rendered obsolete under the new regulations, so started investigating a potential 3.5-litre car. Mazdaspeed used their connection to sister-company Jaguar, through their parent Ford company, to order their XJR-14 composite monocoques. They were fitted with Judd V10 Formula 1 engines, badged as Mazdas. Overseen by their successful racing engineer, Nigel Stroud, adjustments were needed to fit in
10062-475: The second generation, engines were upgraded to the 5.6-litre Nissan VK56 , increasing horsepower to 340 kW (455 hp). For 2025, the engines used in the class are set to be replaced with the twin-turbocharged 3.4-litre Toyota V35A , bringing about a power increase to 350 kW (470 hp). LMPC ( Le Mans Prototype Challenge ) was an earlier entry level class, introduced in 2009, consisting of competitors running identical Oreca FLM09 cars. The class
10179-616: The sportscar championship of the 1970s. However, the USRRC collapsed before the end of 1999, with the series becoming the Rolex Sports Car Series chose to use the FIA's SR1 and SR2 formula instead. 1998 saw a great expansion for the ACO's LMP classes. Following the cancellation of the IMSA GT Championship at the end of 1998, the ACO allowed for the creation of the American Le Mans Series. This series used
10296-536: The third driver. The second car had also pulled in drivers from the TWR team, with Jan Lammers and Andy Wallace who had reigning Drivers Champion Teo Fabi as their drop-in third driver. The third car would be driven by Kenny Acheson / Masanori Sekiya / Pierre-Henri Raphanel . Lola Cars had tried making a Group C/IMSA car (the T600 ), but it was not success. Instead, Eric Broadley 's company achieved more when they built
10413-448: The third of the Peugeots and Toyotas respectively. Raphanel stopped on lap 9, and Weidler came in on lap 11 with a 12-second lead. The SARD Toyota was the leading turbo, in 7th. The turbocharged cars were able to stay out a few laps longer than the atmos, and the wet weather helped on their fuel consumption. After starting from the pitlane, Taylor had got the BRM up to 17th position, but then the troublesome gearbox jammed spinning him off at
10530-479: The three Category 4 national trophy cars, only one was still running at the end. The Debora was out early after several spins and the clutch packed up; the WR fell as night fell with broken suspension. It was only Orion spyder that endured – after needing an engine rebuild from a blown gasket, and rear suspension repair, it was always trailing at the back of the field. Although running after 24 hours, it had completed barely
10647-507: The top class of endurance racing: Hypercar in WEC and Grand Touring Prototype (GTP) in IMSA. Le Mans Prototypes have used various names depending on the series in which they compete. The FIA 's equivalent cars were referred to as Sports Racers (SR) or Sports Racing Prototypes (SRP). The American IMSA GT Championship termed their cars World Sports Cars (WSC), while the short-lived United States Road Racing Championship (USRRC) used
10764-535: The top speed of the larger class. Both classes were intended to be able to compete for overall wins. Audi , Chrysler , Cadillac , and Panoz opted to use the LMP900 formula, while MG were the only major manufacturer to attempt the LMP675 class. The LMGTP class also continued, with Bentley being the only manufacturer to build a closed-cockpit prototype after the regulation changes in 2000. In 2017, in order to limit
10881-452: The track so he could not officially take the chequered flag, as the cars got diverted to the park fermé instead. Kenny Acheson nursed his overheating Toyota to second, keeping the rapidly closing Peugeot of Mauro Baldi at arm's length to get home by half a lap. His co-driver, Masanori Sekiya, became the first Japanese to claim a Le Mans outright podium. Sandro Sala brought the Mazda home to finish fourth, after battling gear-selection problems in
10998-466: The track, making driving conditions treacherous. Andy Wallace, driving a Toyota, noted: "I was following someone onto the straight. And he lifted. I was following his lights, so I came past and as I got alongside him, I could see nothing! So, we both went along at half speed in fourth gear. Then I thought I saw something, so I carried on. With the lights you just see the spray even more intensely." With everyone driving carefully, it meant little action on
11115-613: The works department. They fielded the 92C-V , the latest iteration of the Group C model run in the All-Japan championship . The 3.6-litre twin-turbo V8 had 4 valves per cylinder and designer Southgate did further aero improvements. Shin Kato's SARD team had been a stalwart customer over the years, and the drivers were the regular trio running in the Japanese championship: Eddie Irvine , Roland Ratzenberger and Eje Elgh . The other team
11232-512: The “RenCar”. The carbon-fibre chassis received a similar ‘makeover’ given to the WR. A concern was that of Bellefroid's drivers – Marc Alexander / Franck de Vita / Walter Breuer – only Alexander had actual racing experience, but the ACO was prepared to overlook that. With the British Pro-Car entries not making it Le Mans, the only other Category 4 entry was from Didier Bonnet. His Debora SP92 (a phonic abbreviation of Didier Bonnet Racing)
11349-446: Was subject to adjustment to reduce the difference in performance between hybrid and non-hybrid cars. There were no limits on the number of cylinders for any type of engine. Bodywork was required to cover all mechanical elements of the car, so that they couldn't be visible when the car is viewed directly from the front, side, or top. The LMP1 cars were generally the most powerful, with higher straight-line speeds. The LMP1 category
11466-479: Was Trust Racing, that had been running Porsches in its six years. Team owner Yasuo Toyota hired a team of Le Mans veterans for his car: Stefan Johansson / George Fouché / Steven Andskär . ALD had been a regular entrant at Le Mans over the past decade, however the tragic death of team principal Louis Descartes in a road-accident in December spelled the end for the small French team. Marc Pachot Racing brought one of
11583-421: Was able to put in a blistering lap to set a time of 3:23.6, three seconds faster than Mark Blundell 's 1990 pole lap in the super-turbo Nissan. Toyota took the hint and concentrated on their race set-up. In the cooler 10pm session, Peugeot gave Alliot a tweaked test-car on soft rubber and he was able to go even faster, setting an unbeatable 3:21.2. Just before midnight, Warwick took his Peugeot out and going for
11700-493: Was also running in the Interserie but brought his composite-shell Porsche to Le Mans. At 1039 kg, it was the heaviest car in the field. The driver line-up was the same as the past two years, with co-owner Jürgen Lässig joined by Otto Altenbach and Primagaz concessionaire Pierre Yver . The ADA Engineering team of Ian Harrower and Chris Crawford had previously competed in the junior C2 class. This year, they purchased
11817-496: Was also the third round of the 1992 FIA Sportscar World Championship season . The FIA was struggling to assemble sufficient cars for the race, and so the entry-list was extended to include the older Group C cars and national trophy cars. The 28 starters was the lowest since the 1932 race. With the withdrawal of the Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz teams, it looked to be a Peugeot vs Toyota contest, each with very strong driver combinations, with
11934-402: Was brought on board as project co-ordinator. The car was built around the completely new 3.5-litre RV10 engine . The all-aluminium block had a 72° V10 with two valves per cylinder and could develop 660 and was fitted to a 6-speed gearbox. The chassis was a carbon/kevlar composite, with a very low profile and, like Peugeot, developed strong downforce with a large twin-plane rear wing. The car
12051-615: Was built with an aluminium hull, with pushrod suspension and a fibreglass bodyshell. Racing in the French Coupe Alfa Romeo series, it had the 3-litre V6 from the Alfa Romeo 164 Quadrifoglio Verde . With a Bosch Motronic engine-management system, it put out 220 bhp. Bonnet was co-driven by Gérard Tremblay and racing politician Jacques Heuclin. The absence of the British TWR Jaguars made for
12168-563: Was dropped in European Le Mans Series in 2014 . As the cost of running an LMPC team was found to be comparable to that for an LMP2 team, the class was dropped after the 2017 season in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. 1992 24 Hours of Le Mans The 1992 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 60th Grand Prix of Endurance, taking place at the Circuit de la Sarthe , France , on the 20 and 21 June 1992. It
12285-449: Was far better than many expected and the rain had reduced the maximum speeds, which helped the “atmo” engines survive, as well as easing the fuel economy of the turbos. The Mazda pitcrew got a special prize from the ACO for changing out a broken gear lever, holed radiator and faulty hub in less than an hour for Johnny Herbert. However, at the end of season Mazda cancelled the MRX project. It
12402-417: Was flying in the oft-delayed Toyota, setting the fastest lap of the race. Yet his great work was undone when, successively, Wallace and Fabi could not get the car to re-start after their pit-stops. Slipping down the order they eventually finished 8th, 21 laps behind the winner. Derek Warwick was given the honour to bring the leading Peugeot home. Yet again, the unruly crowd surged over the barriers and blocked
12519-445: Was fogging up so badly. "It was very difficult. I had the screen totally gone, and the fog at the same time. I couldn’t actually see a thing. I was going down the straight zig-zagging, trying to find lines, and barriers and reflective bits. At the kinks I was going straight on and turning in at the last minute. I didn’t enjoy that at all." However, back in the pack, other cars were having problems: at 12.20am Max Cohen-Olivar crashed
12636-511: Was joined by Richard Piper and Olindo Iacobelli who had latterly run in Piper's PC Automotive team. Iacobelli was the sole American in the race this year. The second car had a crew of three Japanese drivers, all racing in Formula 3: Jun Harada, Kenta Shimamura and Tomiko Yoshikawa (who had now got her racing licence sorted that had her excluded from the race last year). Belgian Bernard de Dryver 's new team, Action Formula, brought an SE90C with
12753-451: Was launched, known as the " International Sports Racing Series ". Using classes similar to LMP1/WSC and LMP2, these cars were known as "SR1" and "SR2" by the FIA. 1998 saw the creation of another series of Le Mans Prototypes, with the new United States Road Racing Championship attempting to break away from the IMSA GT Championship. To differ from IMSA'S WSC class, the USRRC named their open-cockpit prototypes " Can-Am " in an attempt to resurrect
12870-415: Was left stranded at Indianapolis when his car's gearbox seized up, while Frentzen was being very quick when he wasn’t being delayed in the pits. Gearbox issues were also the bane of the BRM, although it was a pit-fire that finally ended its race at 9.45pm. In the minor classes, the de Dryver Spice took an early lead, as the two Chamberlain cars were delayed. Iacobelli had gone off track at 6pm and wrecked
12987-430: Was removed. Alliot drove out without a replacement, but when Toyota protested the safety of that to officials, he had to pit again to fix it. Alliot was having a difficult stint, having slid off the track twice, doing damage to the car that delayed them with more repairs. When the Mazda was held up investigating gearbox issues, the Toyota of Raphanel/Acheson/Sekiya nipped into second. The three Japanese cars were now on
13104-429: Was retired at the end of the 2020 season, replaced by a new top class of the endurance racing: Hypercar . From 2017, in order to limit the costs, FIA introduced a new set of regulations, which will be locked in through 2025. The rules allow a significant power increase (150 horsepower) which is expected to lead to a four-second decrease in lap time at Le Mans. Gibson Technology is the exclusive engine supplier, producing
13221-504: Was running a Spice in the World Championship and a Tiga in the Interserie. However, the Spice was giving the team a number of gearbox problems, so he chose to bring the Tiga to Le Mans. Originally bought as a GC288, it had been upgraded in 1989 to the GC289 standard with a semi-carbon monocoque. It was fitted with a 3.3-Cosworth DFL tuned by John Nicholson . Lack of funding in the end precluded
13338-523: Was that of the French Alméras brothers . A late entry, they had repaired their car after two crashes in last year's race and were boosted by a last-minute sponsorship package. Their co-driver was Moroccan Max Cohen-Olivar . With their turbo-charged 3.0-litre Porsche engines, Courage Compétition was also eligible to be entered in Category 3. Yves Courage had three cars of his new C28LM model. Marcel Hubert had done further aerodynamic refinement on
13455-490: Was the end of the road for Charles Zwolsman. Already convicted of drug-smuggling, eight days later he was picked up for speeding by Dutch police. As a bail violation, he was sent back to prison. The team was wound up in September and the assets sold off, effectively scuttling Lola's plan as a customer-car builder. The ACO had lost a lot of money on this running of the race and 48 hours after its end, Michel Cosson , head of
13572-524: Was the successor to the small French WM-Peugeot team that had achieved Le Mans immortality in 1988 when they had broken the 400 kp/h mark on the Hunaudières straight. It was run by husband and wife, Gérard and Rachel Welter out of the former WM garages east of Paris, once WM co-owner Michel Meunier returned to Peugeot Talbot Sport. They had built an open-top racecar, the 905 Spyder, for a one-marque series in France. The simple aluminium space-frame chassis had
13689-481: Was unveiled for the last race of the ’91 season and had a good start to the new season by winning the opening round at Monza by default, albeit as the sole classified finisher. Drivers Geoff Lees and Hitoshi Ogawa had raced for the team for a number of years, however Ogawa was tragically killed in May in an All-Japan Formula 3000 race. His place was taken by Australian David Brabham (ex-Jaguar) with Ukyo Katayama as
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