62-689: The Incredible String Band (sometimes abbreviated as ISB ) were a British psychedelic folk band formed by Clive Palmer , Robin Williamson and Mike Heron in Edinburgh in 1966. The band built a considerable following, especially in the British counterculture , notably with their albums The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion (1967), The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter (1968), and Wee Tam and
124-524: A Celtic emphasis. Within a few years, he went on to a solo career, moving between traditional Celtic styles and more avant-garde material. He also produced several recordings of humorous stories. In all, Williamson released over forty albums post-ISB. Notable in this output are the Grammy-nominated Wheel of Fortune (1995, with John Renbourn) and four records on the jazz/classical/avant-garde ECM label: The Seed-at-Zero (2000), Skirting
186-476: A gimbri , which was much later eaten by rats), he and Heron reformed the band as a duo. In November 1966 Heron and Williamson embarked on a short UK tour, supporting Tom Paxton and Judy Collins . In early 1967, they performed regularly at London clubs, including Les Cousins . Joe Boyd became the group's manager as well as producer and secured a place for them at the Newport Folk Festival , on
248-524: A tape recorder and a single microphone, rehearsals took place in Balmore between October 1966 and February 1967, in a period that was charged by extensive discussions between Williamson and Heron over the instrumental arrangements of the new material. Shortly afterwards, in early 1967 the two-piece ISB became regulars on the London folk scene as an opening act in local venues, with a set list that featured
310-404: A bill with Joni Mitchell and Leonard Cohen . The duo were always credited as separate writers, maintaining their individual creative identities, rather than working as a writing partnership. Boyd wrote, "Mike and Robin were Clive's friends rather than each other's. Without him as a buffer, they developed a robust dislike for one another. Fortunately, the quality and quantity of their songwriting
372-724: A concert entitled "Very Cellular Songs: The Music of the Incredible String Band" at The Barbican , featuring Richard Thompson , Danny Thompson , Robyn Hitchcock , Alasdair Roberts , Trembling Bells , Green Gartside , and Dr Strangely Strange . Stylistically the ISB were centred around the idioms of conventional folk and pop, but their notable experimentation with musical form, instrumentation and styles (e.g. Indian and Moroccan) led them to innovative, often eclectic, compositions. In 1967–68 they were described as part of pop music's "underground". Williamson claimed that, as both
434-883: A contrasting sound to other musical acts who were also utilising similar instruments at the time. The ISB came to prominence in the UK in June 1966, as a result of the release of their debut album, The Incredible String Band , which incorporated more conventional folk tracks in comparison to their later work. It bestowed upon the group a "Folk Album of the Year" award in Melody Maker 's annual poll, but members Robin Williamson and Clive Palmer left England following its release. In late 1966, Williamson returned from leave, in which time he ventured to Morocco with his then-girlfriend, Licorice McKechnie . With his arrival, Williamson brought back
496-651: A fantasy sequence, 'The Pirate and the Crystal Ball', illustrating their attempt at an idyllic communal lifestyle. It made little impact at the time, but reissues on video and DVD have contributed to the recent revival of interest in the band. The band toured for much of 1969, in the US and the UK. In July they played at the Albert Hall on the fourth night of the "Pop Proms". They were introduced by John Peel and talked about their first brush with Scientology. Other acts in
558-651: A former member of the band, became Mayoress of Aberystwyth . In 2003, the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams , who had previously chosen "The Hedgehog's Song" when he appeared on Desert Island Discs , wrote a foreword for a full-length book about the band, describing them as "holy". Licorice McKechnie was last seen in 1987, and may be deceased. Disbanded For solo releases, see under Robin Williamson , Mike Heron , Clive Palmer and Malcolm Le Maistre . Psychedelic folk Psychedelic film Psychedelic folk (sometimes acid folk or freak folk )
620-401: A more unified ISB sound. It displayed their abilities as multi-instrumentalists and singer-songwriters, and gained them much wider acclaim. The album included Heron's "The Hedgehog's Song", Williamson's "First Girl I Loved" (later recorded by Judy Collins , Jackson Browne , Don Partridge and Wizz Jones ) and his "Mad Hatter's Song", which, with its mixture of musical styles, paved the way for
682-576: A multi-coloured hermaphrodite juxtaposing both light and darkness. Two singles preceded the album's release, both of which were issued in June 1967, only to the UK. "Painting Box" then "Way Back in the Sixties" managed to promote the diversity in the band's lyrics and instrumentals, but failed to chart in the UK. 5000 Spirits was much admired by Paul McCartney , who named it his favourite album of 1967. In 1968, Judy Collins recorded "First Boy I Loved" (a cover of Williamson's "First Girl I Loved" with
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#1732765883585744-476: A planned US tour of "U" had to be cancelled after a few performances at the Fillmore East . Joe Boyd described the show as "a disaster". After that, the group lasted another four years, although there was a gradual decline in their status and commercial success after 1970. Joe Boyd, whose skillful handling of the band had contributed much to their international success, stopped managing them and returned to
806-594: A proficient bass guitarist, and some of McKechnie's songs were recorded by the band. By early 1968, the group were capable of filling major venues in the UK. They left behind their folk club origins and embarked on a nationwide tour, incorporating a critically acclaimed appearance at the London Royal Festival Hall . Later in the year, they performed at the Royal Albert Hall , at open-air festivals, and at prestigious rock venues, such as
868-701: A solo album, Myrrh , which featured some of his most extraordinary vocal performances. The group's changing lineup, adding Stan Schnier (aka "Stan Lee") on bass, Jack Ingram on drums, and Graham Forbes on electric guitar, reflected moves toward a more conventional amplified rock group. Their final albums for Island were received disappointingly, and the label dropped them in 1974. By then, disagreements between Williamson and Heron about musical policy had become irreconcilable, and they split up in October 1974. Williamson soon formed Robin Williamson and His Merry Band, which toured and released three albums of eclectic music with
930-549: A surreal music-hall parody told from the point of view of the mythical beast, and its centrepiece was Heron's " A Very Cellular Song ", a 13-minute reflection on life, love and amoebas, its complex structure incorporating a Bahamian spiritual ("I Bid You Goodnight"). Williamson and Heron in this album had added their girlfriends, Licorice McKechnie and Rose Simpson , to the band to contribute additional vocals and various instruments, including organ, guitar and percussion. Despite their initially rudimentary skills, Simpson swiftly became
992-631: A traditional folk duo in Edinburgh , particularly at a weekly club run by Archie Fisher in the Crown Bar which also regularly featured Bert Jansch . There they were seen in August 1965 by Joe Boyd , then working as a talent scout for the influential folk-based label Elektra Records . Later in the year, the duo decided to fill out their sound by adding a third member, initially to play rhythm guitar. After an audition, local rock musician Mike Heron won
1054-452: A well-received solo album, Smiling Men with Bad Reputations , which, in contrast to the ISB's self-contained productions, featured a host of session guests, among them Pete Townshend , Ronnie Lane , Keith Moon , John Cale and Richard Thompson . The following year, Licorice left, and was replaced by Gerard Dott , an Edinburgh jazz musician and friend of both Heron and Williamson who had contributed to Smiling Men. Williamson also recorded
1116-491: A wide variety of exotic instruments of African and Middle Eastern origin. Mike Heron , as well, had begun to broaden his musical horizons by experimenting with the sitar in Williamson's absence. Williamson reformed the ISB with Heron, but not with founding member Palmer, who was still travelling in Afghanistan . As a duo, the two rehearsed early versions of the material that configured their second album. Crudely recorded on
1178-459: Is a loosely defined form of psychedelia that originated in the 1960s. It retains the largely acoustic instrumentation of folk , but adds musical elements common to psychedelic music . Psychedelic folk generally favors acoustic instrumentation although it often incorporates other instrumentation. Chanting , early music and various non-Western folk music influences are often found in psych folk. Much like its rock counterpart, psychedelic folk
1240-937: Is often known for a peculiar, trance-like, and atmospheric sound, often drawing on musical improvisation and Asian influences. The first musical use of the term psychedelic is thought to have been by the New York–based folk group The Holy Modal Rounders on their version of Lead Belly 's " Hesitation Blues " in 1964. Folk/ avant-garde guitarist John Fahey recorded several songs in the early 1960s that experimented with unusual recording techniques, including backward tapes, and novel instrumental accompaniment. His nineteen-minute "The Great San Bernardino Birthday Party" "anticipated elements of psychedelia with its nervy improvisations and odd guitar tunings". Other songs from Fahey's The Great San Bernardino Birthday Party & Other Excursions (recorded between 1962 and 1966) also used "unsettling moods and dissonances" that took them beyond
1302-553: The Billboard 200 . It was preceded by the single , "Painting Box", in June 1967 which evidently failed to chart. An additional promo single, "Way Back in the Sixties" was also released in support of the album. The album established the band within the British folk scene, while also gaining them an underground presence in the United States. At the time of its release, the album was recognised as being ambitious, and for creating
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#17327658835851364-607: The Fillmore auditoriums in San Francisco and New York. After their appearance at the Fillmore East in New York, they were introduced to the practice of Scientology by David Simons (aka "Rex Rakish" and " Bruno Wolfe ", once of Jim Kweskin 's Jug Band). Joe Boyd, in his book White Bicycles: Making Music in the 1960s and elsewhere, described how he was inadvertently responsible for their "conversion" when he introduced
1426-710: The Incredible String Band , who from 1967 incorporated a range of influences into their acoustic-based music, including medieval and eastern instruments. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, solo acts such as Syd Barrett and Nick Drake began to incorporate psychedelic influences into folk music with albums such as Barrett's The Madcap Laughs and Drake's Five Leaves Left . In the mid-1970s psychedelia fell out of fashion and those folk groups that had not already moved into different areas had largely disbanded. In Britain folk groups also tended to electrify, as did acoustic duo Tyrannosaurus Rex, which became
1488-632: The Sound Techniques studio in London in May 1966. It was released in Britain and the United States and consisted mostly of self-penned material in solo, duo and trio formats, showcasing their playing on a variety of instruments. It won the title of "Folk Album of the Year" in Melody Maker ' s annual poll, and in a 1968 Sing Out! magazine interview Bob Dylan praised the album's "October Song" as one of his favourite songs of that period, stating it
1550-535: The indie music scene following critical acclaim from review site Pitchfork Media and soon more artists began experimenting with the genre, including OCS , Quilt , Grizzly Bear , Devendra Banhart , Rodrigo Amarante , Ben Howard and Grouper . In 2022, Uncut magazine published a CD called Blackwaterside: Sounds of the New Weird Albion , featuring artists including Jim Ghedi, Henry Parker, Jon Wilks , Sam Lee , and Cath Tyler. This led to
1612-528: The "lost treasure" reissue culture of the late 1990s. Vashti Bunyan has been labeled "the Godmother of Freak Folk" for her role in inspiring the new crop of folk experimentalists. David Crosby 's 1971 album If Only I Could Remember My Name has been described as an early progenitor of the genre. Other major influences on later freak folk artists include Linda Perhacs , Anne Briggs , Karen Dalton , Shirley & Dolly Collins , Animal Collective ,
1674-605: The Beatles and the Rolling Stones saw them play before Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and Their Satanic Majesties Request were recorded, the ISB were an influence on those albums. Chris Cutler commented that "They were one of the most important bands of that era ... Instead of AABABA etc., their developments would go linearly, A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M and beyond; no one else thought that way ever ..." [emphasis in original] One of Bob Dylan's favourite songs
1736-652: The Big Huge (1968). They became pioneers in psychedelic folk and, through integrating a wide variety of traditional music forms and instruments, in the development of world music . Following Palmer's early departure, Williamson and Heron performed as a duo, but were eventually augmented by other musicians such as Licorice McKechnie , Rose Simpson , and Malcolm Le Maistre . The band split up in 1974. They reformed in 1999 and continued to perform with changing lineups until 2006. In 1963, acoustic musicians Robin Williamson and Clive Palmer began performing together as
1798-711: The Fish , Quicksilver Messenger Service , The Beau Brummels from San Francisco ; the Byrds , Love , Kaleidoscope , and the Peanut Butter Conspiracy from Los Angeles ; Pearls Before Swine from Florida; and Jake and the Family Jewels , and Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys from New York. The Serpent Power was a psychedelic rock group with a strong folk influence. The Byrds
1860-535: The ISB featured Jairazbhoy, a musician who was traditionally taught with the instrument, rather than a western instrumentalist. Williamson also drew inspiration from his time in Morocco, becoming influenced by the song structures and vocal techniques. The album's compositions reflected upon these developments, Williamson's adaption of the Arabian oud to the guitar, and the vocal arabesques being major stylistic points in
1922-609: The Incredible String Band , Xiu Xiu , and Pearls Before Swine . Devendra Banhart would become one of the leaders of the 2000s freak-folk movement, along with Joanna Newsom . The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion is the second album by the Scottish psychedelic folk group the Incredible String Band (ISB). It was released in July 1967 on Elektra Records . The album
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1984-572: The River Road (2002), The Iron Stone (2006), and Trusting in the Rising Light (2014). Heron formed a rock group with Malcolm Le Maistre, called first Mike Heron's Reputation, then just Heron, and later released occasional solo albums. Malcolm Le Maistre continued teaching in schools and performing theatre and music, and he released two albums. In 1997, Williamson and Heron got back together for two concerts, which were warmly received. This
2046-515: The UK folk chart, and was named by Paul McCartney as one of his favourite records of that year. 1968 was the band's annus mirabilis with the release of their two most-celebrated albums, The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter and the double LP Wee Tam and the Big Huge (issued as two separate albums in the US). Hangman's reached the top 5 in the UK album charts soon after its release in March 1968 and
2108-563: The US. The group left Elektra Records and signed with Island , for whom they recorded five albums. The first was a soundtrack to the "Be Glad..." film, and this was followed by the eclectic Liquid Acrobat as Regards the Air , regarded as their best album for some time. The band continued to tour and record. Rose Simpson left in 1971 and was replaced by Malcolm Le Maistre, formerly of the Stone Monkey troupe. Mike Heron took time out to record
2170-714: The album's overall sound. The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion was released in July 1967 on the Elektra label to the UK (catalogue item EUK 257), and the US (catalogue item EUK 4010). The album, more successful than the ISB's debut, peaked at number 25 on the UK Albums Chart and number one on the UK Folk Chart , in part due to its promotion by DJ John Peel . Its cover, designed by Dutch artists Simon Postuma [ nl ] and Marijke Koger [ nl ] , better known as The Fool , featured
2232-410: The album, though Heron's more grounded tracks are also among his very best, and the contrast between the two perspectives gives the record its uniquely dynamic interplay between a sensual experience of life and a quest for metaphysical meaning. The record was released as a double album and also simultaneously as two separate LPs, a strategy which lessened its impact on the charts. At this time, most of
2294-407: The band to Simons, who, having become a Scientologist, persuaded them to enrol in his absence. The band's support for Scientology over the next few years was controversial among some fans and seemed to coincide with what many saw as the beginning of a decline in the quality of their work. In an interview with Oz magazine in 1969, the band spoke enthusiastically of their involvement with it, although
2356-519: The band's more extended forays into psychedelia. Enthusiastic reviews in the music press were accompanied by appearances at venues such as London's UFO Club (co-owned by Boyd), the Speakeasy Club , and Queen Elizabeth Hall . Their exposure on John Peel 's Perfumed Garden radio show on the pirate ship Radio London and later on BBC 's Top Gear made them favourites with the emerging UK underground audience. The album went to Number One in
2418-452: The band's music with dancing by the Stone Monkey troupe (which had evolved out of Exploding Galaxy), the letter U representing a transition from a high level of spiritual awareness to a low, then returning to a final peak of awareness and communication. Although the performance was ambitious, critical response was mixed, with some harsh reviews from critics who had in some cases acclaimed their earlier work. It fared little better in New York, and
2480-465: The band's short touring schedule, their record producer , Joe Boyd , who had previously worked with the group on their debut album, returned to undergo developments for the duo's second album. Following further rehearsal periods (recordings of the resulting demos were later released as The Chelsea Sessions 1967 ), the ISB completed the entire album at Sound Techniques , Chelsea, London in early 1967. The recordings were conducted on four-track , in
2542-645: The electric combo T. Rex . This was a continuation of a process by which progressive folk had considerable impact on mainstream rock. Independent and underground folk artists in the late 1990s led to a revival of psychedelic folk with the New Weird America movement. Also, Animal Collective 's early albums identify closely with freak folk as does their collaboration with veteran British folk artist Vashti Bunyan , and The Microphones / Mount Eerie , who combine naturalistic elements with lo-fi and psychedelia. Both artists received significant exposure in
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2604-719: The filming of the festival. Over the Labor Day weekend in 1969, they appeared at the Texas International Pop Festival , in Lewisville, Texas . In November, they released the album Changing Horses , which was generally seen as a disappointment after their earlier work. By late 1969, they had established a communal base at Glen Row near Innerleithen . In April 1970 they released the album I Looked Up . The ISB's performances were more theatrical than those of most of their contemporaries. In addition to
2666-418: The first instances of the duo overdubbing , and multi-tracking their wide assortment of instrumentals that included sitar , gimbri , and mandolin . Much of the instrumentals drew upon influences of the psychedelic genre, along with the foreign playing Williamson witnessed in his travels. Williamson and Heron's compositions were eccentric in nature, relating with themes of mythology , life, and religion. For
2728-586: The following day. Their open slot was taken by Melanie , whose showing inspired her song, "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)". The following day, 16 August 1969, at approximately 6:30 p.m., the band played in between the Keef Hartley Band and Canned Heat . The crowd was not anticipating the band's performance on a day that featured mainly hard rock acts. For that reason, the group was generally disfavoured and, perhaps more importantly, were not included in
2790-645: The group lived communally at a farmhouse near Newport , in Pembrokeshire , Wales, where they developed ideas for mixed media experiments with Malcolm Le Maistre and other members of David Medalla 's Exploding Galaxy troupe and the Leonard Halliwell Quartet. There, a film was made about the ISB, Be Glad For the Song Has No Ending . Originally planned for BBC TV's arts programme Omnibus , it featured documentary footage and
2852-689: The name 'Incredible String Band' without the other's involvement was bypassed by a temporary re-branding as 'incrediblestringband2003'. Heron, Palmer and Dando, and new member Clare "Fluff" Smith, continued to tour regularly around the United Kingdom and internationally. Heron, Dando and Palmer toured the US in 2004. Another live album was released in 2005. Their last concert together was at the Moseley Folk Festival, Birmingham, UK, in September 2006. In 2009, Heron and Palmer announced
2914-501: The publication of an extensive exploration of Britain's new "weird folk" in Japanese music magazine Ele-King . The lead article looked at artists including Nick Hart, Burd Ellen, Elspeth Anne, Frankie Archer, Shovel Dance Collective and Angeline Morrison . Freak folk is a loosely defined synonym or subgenre of psychedelic folk that involves acoustic sounds, pastoral lyrics, and a neo- hippie aesthetic. The label originated from
2976-409: The question of its effect on their later albums has provoked much discussion ever since. Their November 1968 album Wee Tam and the Big Huge , recorded before the US trip, was musically less experimental and lush than Hangman's but conceptually even more avant-garde, a full-on engagement with the themes of mythology, religion, awareness and identity. Williamson's otherworldly songs and vision dominate
3038-483: The recordings, session musicians were featured, such as Nazir Jairazbhoy on sitar, Pentangle 's Danny Thompson on double bass, and on piano was counter-culture activist John "Hoppy" Hopkins . Future ISB member McKechnie also made her first contributions to the band, appearing as a vocalist and a percussionist . Although several other musical acts, including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones , had already begun incorporating sitar into their compositions,
3100-616: The slot. The trio took the name "the Incredible String Band". Early in 1966, Palmer began running an all-night folk club, Clive's Incredible Folk Club, on the fourth floor of a building in Sauchiehall Street in Glasgow , where they became the house band. When Boyd returned in his new role as head of Elektra's London office, he signed them up for an album, beating off a rival bid from Transatlantic Records . They recorded their first album, entitled The Incredible String Band , at
3162-478: The spectacle of their exotic instruments and colourful stage costumes, their concerts sometimes featured poems, surreal sketches and dancers, all in the homegrown, non-showbiz style characteristic of the hippie era. In 1970, Robin Williamson (with little input from Heron) attempted to fuse the music with his theatrical fantasies in a quixotic multimedia spectacular at London's Roundhouse called "U", which he envisaged as "a surreal parable in dance and song". It combined
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#17327658835853224-807: The typical folk fare. In 1967, he performed with the psychedelic/avant-garde/noise rock band Red Krayola (then Red Crayola) at the Berkeley Folk Festival, which was recorded and later released as Live 1967 . Among other descriptions, their performance has been likened to early Velvet Underground bootlegs and "the very weirdest parts of late-'60s Pink Floyd pieces (like the shrieking guitar scrapes of ' Interstellar Overdrive ')". Similarly, folk guitarist Sandy Bull 's early work "incorporated elements of folk, jazz, and Indian and Arabic-influenced dronish modes". His 1963 album Fantasias for Guitar and Banjo explores various styles and instrumentation and "could also be accurately described as one of
3286-411: The upcoming album's songs. Nearly as exotic as their instruments, Williamson, interested in multi-media, hired two dancers known as Mimi & Lesandra (incorrectly deemed Mimi & Mouse) to take part in the band's concerts. Promotion of the ISB's songs saw the ISB performing "Chinese White" on BBC 's Late Night Line-up , and was capped off by a brief appearance at the Newport Folk Festival . Following
3348-487: The very first psychedelic records". Later albums, such as 1968's E Pluribus Unum and his live album Still Valentine's Day 1969 , which use experimental recording techniques and extended improvisation, also have psychedelic elements. Musicians with several groups that became identified with psychedelic rock began as folk musicians, such as those with the Grateful Dead , Jefferson Airplane , Country Joe and
3410-465: The week were Led Zeppelin and The Who. On 28 May 1969 the band received a phone call from Michael Lang , the producer of the momentous Woodstock Festival , asking the band to perform at the festival for a payment of $ 4,500. In August, they were slotted to play on Friday when all the folk-oriented and acoustic acts were expected to perform. However, the band refused to perform in the pouring rain, so stage manager John Morris rescheduled their performance for
3472-502: Was "October Song"from ISB's debut album. Robert Plant claimed that Led Zeppelin found their way by playing "The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter" (see above). Following in the footsteps of ISB, Led Zeppelin later successfully incorporated Moroccan rhythms (e.g. on " Dancing Days "). Both Mike Heron and Robin Williamson would insert seemingly unrelated sections in their songs in a way that has been described as "always surprising, laughably inventive, lyrically prodigious". In 1994, Rose Simpson,
3534-476: Was "quite good". The trio broke up after recording the album. Palmer left via the hippie trail for Afghanistan and India, and Williamson and his girlfriend Licorice McKechnie went to Morocco with no firm plans to return. Heron stayed in Edinburgh, playing with a band called Rock Bottom and the Deadbeats. However, when Williamson returned after running out of money, laden with Moroccan instruments (including
3596-518: Was followed by a full reunion of the original three members plus Williamson's wife, Bina , and Lawson Dando in 1999. However, they did not recapture the high reputation of the original ISB, playing mostly small venues to mixed critical and audience responses. In March 2003, it was announced that Robin and Bina Williamson had "temporarily" left to pursue other projects and their solo careers. Rumours circulated of an acrimonious split. A long-standing agreement between Williamson and Heron that neither would use
3658-424: Was nominated for a Grammy in the US. Robert Plant of Led Zeppelin said his group found their way by playing Hangman's and following the instructions. A departure from the band's previous albums, the set relied heavily on a more layered production, with imaginative use of the then new multitrack recording techniques. The album featured a series of vividly dreamlike Williamson songs, such as "The Minotaur's Song",
3720-499: Was recorded following the reformation of the band as a duo consisting of Robin Williamson and Mike Heron . Notably, the album was a change in musical direction for the two as they transitioned from their more conventional folk music structures into complex psychedelic compositions influenced by British folk and Indian music . Upon release, the album peaked at number 25 on the UK Albums Charts , and failed to chart on
3782-438: Was roughly equal. Neither would agree to the inclusion of a new song by the other unless he could impose himself on it by arranging the instruments and working out all the harmonies." In July, they released their second album, The 5000 Spirits or the Layers of the Onion , accompanied by Pentangle 's Danny Thompson on double bass and Licorice on vocals and percussion. The album demonstrated considerable musical development and
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#17327658835853844-461: Was the most important American folk-rock band to incorporate psychedelia in their sound and themes. In the UK, folk artists who were particularly significant included Marc Bolan , with his hippy duo Tyrannosaurus Rex , who used unusual instrumentation and tape effects, typified by the album Unicorn (1969), and Scottish performers such as Donovan , who combined influences of American artists like Bob Dylan with references to flower power , and
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