233-403: Jurassic Park , later also referred to as Jurassic World , is an American science fiction adventure media franchise . It focuses on the cloning of dinosaurs through ancient DNA , extracted from mosquitoes that have been fossilized in amber . The franchise explores the ethics of cloning and genetic engineering , and the morals behind de-extinction . The franchise began in 1990, with
466-490: A Gallimimus stampede being hunted by the Tyrannosaurus. Unable to decipher Nedry's code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold decide to reboot the park's systems. Muldoon reveals that Dinosaurs depend on lysine, and without it they will eventually die. The group shuts down the park's power grid and retreat to an emergency bunker, while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete
699-399: A Jurassic World Dominion prologue (2021). Theropod dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus and Velociraptor have had major roles throughout the film series. Other species, including Brachiosaurus and Spinosaurus , have also played significant roles. The series has also featured other creatures such as Mosasaurus and members of the pterosaur group, both commonly misidentified by
932-443: A Velociraptor design featuring quills along the head. Aside from this, feathered dinosaurs have largely been absent from the series. Before the release of Jurassic World , new research had shown that real dinosaurs were more colorful than they were in the films. Horner said that Spielberg "has made the point several times to me that colorful dinosaurs are not very scary. Gray and brown and black are more scary". Horner considered
1165-541: A Dimorphodon during a scene in which one of the creatures tries to attack Owen. A full-scale Dimorphodon head was also created. The sound of baby brown pelicans were used as the vocal effects for the Dimorphodon . The animal returns in Jurassic World Dominion with the use of practical effects. A group of running Gallimimus is seen in the first film, created by ILM entirely through CGI. It
1398-575: A Harris's hawk were used for the moans of the wounded Apatosaurus . To animate the Apatosaurus , ILM used elephants as an example. Glen McIntosh, the animation supervisor for ILM, stated that "there are no existing animals that have such large necks, but in terms of the size and steps they're taking, elephants are an excellent example of that. Also the way their skin jiggles and sags. You also have impact tremors that rise up through their legs as they take steps". Originally, Legacy Effects only created
1631-540: A "King Kong roar" while an ironic banner reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" flew. The film wrapped 12 days ahead of schedule on November 30, and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to start filming Schindler's List . Despite the film title's referencing the Jurassic period, Brachiosaurus and Dilophosaurus are the only dinosaurs featured that lived during that time;
1864-557: A 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. Jurassic Park was the highest-rated theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of Trading Places . In June–July 1995, the film aired a number of times on the Turner Network Television (TNT) network. Jurassic Park became the highest-grossing film released worldwide up to that time, replacing Spielberg's own E.T.
2097-467: A better visual enhancement. It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013, with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months. In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary. On August 25, 2023, the 3D version of the film was re-released in theaters to celebrate its 30th anniversary. Jurassic Park
2330-502: A consultant for dinosaur anatomy, and his stop motion animators were retrained as computer animators. The animatics Tippett's team made were also used, along with the storyboards , as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences. ILM's artists were sent on private tours to the local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took mime classes to aid in understanding movements. Universal paid Crichton
2563-464: A critical and commercial success. After the film adaptation of Jurassic Park was released to home video , Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel. Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a film adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World . Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from
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#17327873597192796-424: A critical success, with praise directed at its special effects, sound design, action sequences, John Williams 's score, and Spielberg's direction. The film won over 20 awards, including three Academy Awards for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $ 1 billion in ticket sales and
3029-546: A day of shooting. Several of the storm scenes from the film are of actual footage shot during the hurricane. The scheduled shoot of the Gallimimus chase was moved to Kualoa Ranch on the island of Oahu . One of the early scenes had to be created by digitally animating a still shot of scenery. The opening scene was shot in Haiku , on Maui , with additional scenes filmed on the "forbidden island" of Niihau . The exterior of
3262-470: A day, the film was the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the UK and after just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing , surpassing Ghost , eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9 million. It spent a record eight consecutive weekends at the top of the UK box office . Jurassic Park would remain as Europe's box office leader before being surpassed by Aladdin . In Australia,
3495-527: A dinosaur theme park proposed by InGen, but it fails to open after the animals escape. In the novel, the Costa Rican government declares the island unsafe and has it napalmed ; in the film series, the island continues to exist until the Jurassic World trilogy. In Jurassic World , the theme park idea has been carried out successfully by Masrani Global Corporation. By the end of the film however,
3728-467: A fictionalized neck frill that retracts, and the dinosaur was made significantly smaller to ensure that audiences would not confuse it with the Velociraptors. While the real Dilophosaurus was thought to have stood at around 10 feet (3.0 m), the animatronic was only four feet in height. In addition to the animatronic, a set of legs was also created for a shot in which the dinosaur hops across
3961-469: A forest climate. Filming also took place on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood , and a beach scene was shot on Kauai. The third film largely uses Oahu and Kauai to represent Isla Sorna, as the original film had done for Isla Nublar. A jungle set was also built on a sound stage at Universal Studios. In 1983, Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA . After wrestling with this idea for
4194-541: A further $ 500,000 to adapt his own novel, which he had finished by the time Spielberg was filming Hook . Crichton noted that because the book was "fairly long", his script had about 10 to 20 percent of the novel's content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down. Malia Scotch Marmo began a script rewrite in October 1991 over a five-month period, merging Ian Malcolm with Alan Grant. Spielberg wanted another writer to rework
4427-591: A gross of DM 16.8 million ($ 10.5 million) from 644 screens. In Italy, it also had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record Lire 9.5 billion ($ 6.1 million). After 115 days of release, it surpassed E.T. as the highest-grossing film worldwide of all time. It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75 million F ($ 13 million) in its opening week from over 515 screens. Its first week admissions in France of almost 2.3 million surpassed
4660-439: A helicopter to leave the island and its doomed creatures. Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a graduate student who recreates a dinosaur. He continued to wrestle with his fascination with dinosaurs and cloning until he began writing the novel Jurassic Park . Before its publication, Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989, while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become
4893-480: A higher sense of gravity and weight. A simple puppet of the Compsognathus was used in the film's opening scene, in which the dinosaurs attack a little girl. Later in the film, they kill the character Dieter Stark , who is played by Peter Stormare . For Stark's death scene, Stormare had to wear a jacket with numerous rubber Compies attached. Compsognathus make brief appearances in all subsequent films, with
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#17327873597195126-555: A hologram in the theme park's visitor center. The dinosaur's venom is also referenced in a comedic park video featured in the film, in which tour guide Jimmy Fallon is paralyzed by it. A living Dilophosaurus was intended to appear in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , but the scene was never filmed, as director Bayona decided that it was not necessary. The scene, set on board the Arcadia ship, would depict
5359-408: A kitchen, but they escape, locking one in a freezer before joining Grant and Sattler. The group reaches the control room, and Lex restores the park's systems, allowing them to contact Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to leave, they are cornered by the two remaining raptors, but the Tyrannosaurus appears and kills them while the group flees. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm, and they board
5592-409: A laboratory on the latter island was built only as a showroom for tourists. Isla Sorna is significantly larger than Isla Nublar and has various climates including tropical , highland tropical and temperate rainforest. It is part of a five-island chain known as Las Cinco Muertes (Spanish for "The Five Deaths"), although the other islands do not play a role in the novels or films. However, they are used as
5825-427: A little off the point", pointing out the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond's grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them. Empire magazine gave the film five stars, calling it "quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time". In March 1994, Jurassic Park won all three Academy Awards for which it was nominated: Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects (at
6058-432: A man working for Hammond's corporate rival, to steal frozen dinosaur embryos . He deactivates the park's security system to access the embryo storage room and stores them inside a container disguised as a Barbasol shaving cream can. Nedry's sabotage cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them as they near the park's Tyrannosaurus rex paddock. Most of the park's electric fences have also been deactivated, allowing
6291-449: A mission to rescue Isla Nublar's dinosaurs from a volcanic eruption by relocating them to a new island sanctuary. They discover that the mission is part of a scheme to sell the captured dinosaurs on the black market in order to fund his party's genetic research. The captured dinosaurs are brought to an estate in northern California, where several of the creatures are auctioned and subsequently shipped to their new owners. A new hybrid dinosaur,
6524-473: A number of reasons. The various creatures in the Jurassic Park and Jurassic World films were created through a combination of animatronics and computer-generated imagery (CGI). For each film, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) has handled dinosaur scenes that required CGI. The company has studied large animals such as elephants and rhinos, for reference in designing the digital dinosaurs. For
6757-558: A path that led him to The Lord of the Rings and King Kong . Jurassic Park also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of Godzilla , Dinosaur from the Deep , Carnosaur (in which Laura Dern's mother Diane Ladd starred), Dinosaur Island and Walking with Dinosaurs . Stan Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by
6990-519: A realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible. ILM owner George Lucas , realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, started to make the Star Wars prequels; Stanley Kubrick decided to invest in pet project A.I. Artificial Intelligence , which he later got Spielberg to direct; and Peter Jackson began to re-explore his childhood love of fantasy films ,
7223-468: A result, Nolan scoured through scarce behind-the-scenes material from the first film, in an effort to match his animatronic with Winston's original. Trevorrow wanted Dilophosaurus to be seen walking, but because the animal is never shown doing so in the original film, Nolan consulted online images to determine the walking style. Nolan considered having a performer wear the Dilophosaurus puppet with
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7456-466: A scene in which one individual is stranded on Isla Nublar and dies in a volcanic eruption. Director J. A. Bayona said this Brachiosaurus is meant to be the same individual first seen in the original Jurassic Park . For Fallen Kingdom , the Brachiosaurus was created using the same animations from the first film. The Brachiosaurus death was the last shot on the film to be finished. Bayona and
7689-528: A single weekend. By the end of its first week, Jurassic Park had grossed a record $ 81.7 million. It grossed $ 100 million in a record nine days and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $ 357 million in the U.S. and Canada, ranking second of all-time behind E.T. Box Office Mojo estimates the film sold over 86.2 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. The film also did very well in international markets and
7922-423: A small model of the Apatosaurus for use in the film, but executive producer Steven Spielberg decided that a larger model would be better. The original model was scanned into a computer, allowing artists to create a larger 3-D model needed for the film. Apatosaurus makes appearances in the subsequent Jurassic World films. In the original Jurassic Park film, a Brachiosaurus is the first dinosaur seen by
8155-483: A story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of Jurassic Park III . In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script, with the film's release scheduled for 2005. Early aspects of the plot included dinosaurs escaping to the mainland, and an army of genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries. Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003. Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters, while Keira Knightley
8388-507: A substantial percentage of the gross. Universal further paid Crichton $ 500,000 to adapt his own novel ( Malia Scotch Marmo , who was a writer on Spielberg's 1991 film Hook , wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park , but was not credited; David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters). Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park , as it became
8621-466: A surge in discoveries about dinosaurs. Jurassic Park's biggest influence on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery . The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects . Film historian Tom Shone said of the film's innovation and influence, "in its way, Jurassic Park heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927". Many filmmakers saw Jurassic Park ' s effects as
8854-587: A tail, remained within budget. The head sculpt was adjusted in accordance with feedback from Spielberg, who requested slight changes. It was the only creature in Dominion to receive direct input from him. Dimorphodon , a type of pterosaur , appears in Jurassic World , marking its first appearance in the series. In the film, the species launch an attack on tourists after being released from an aviary. Through motion capture , dwarf actor Martin Klebba stood in as
9087-413: A team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs . When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors, including Hammond's grandchildren, struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island. Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With
9320-473: A team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite , Richard Schiff , Vince Vaughn , Vanessa Lee Chester , Peter Stormare , and a young Camilla Belle . Joe Johnston had been interested in directing
9553-418: A toy line by Kenner distributed by Hasbro ; McDonald's " Dino-Sized meals "; and a novelization for young children. The film's trailers provided only a fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs, a tactic journalist Josh Horowitz described as "that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much" after Spielberg and director Michael Bay did the same for their production of Transformers in 2007. The film
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9786-452: A trio of the animals later kill Lewis Dodgson . Like the first film, no CGI was used to depict the Dilophosaurus , the only animal on the film to lack a digital model. Instead, it was depicted with an animatronic controlled by 12 puppeteers. Although ILM had a digital version of the creature – previously used for its hologram appearance in Jurassic World – it was not detailed enough to inform Nolan's team in creating an animatronic version. As
10019-427: A true dinosaur, as frogs and dinosaurs are not genetically similar. Furthermore, the novel uses artificial eggs to grow the dinosaurs, while the film uses ostrich eggs, although neither would be suitable for development. At the time of the first film's release, Spielberg said he considered the premise to be "science eventuality" rather than science fiction, although Crichton disagreed: "It never crossed my mind that it
10252-432: A while, he came up with the story of Jurassic Park . Crichton worked on the book for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting (similar to his 1973 film Westworld ) and a young boy as the main character. Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult's point of view, which resulted in more positive feedback. Steven Spielberg learned of
10485-475: A world filled with dinosaurs both ferocious and friendly. John Hammond ( Richard Attenborough ) is the owner of Jurassic Park, a theme park located on Isla Nublar. After an incident with a velociraptor, Hammond brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors. The specialists, paleontologist Alan Grant ( Sam Neill ), paleobotanist Ellie Sattler ( Laura Dern ), and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ), are surprised to see that
10718-510: Is Indominus rex , a genetically-modified hybrid of Tyrannosaurus rex and several other species, including Velociraptor , cuttlefish, tree frog, and pit viper . The Indominus Rex also features a chameleon-like camouflage ability, which was a plot element from the second Crichton novel unused in previous films. Jurassic World received generally positive reviews. It was the first film ever to gross over $ 500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $ 1.6 billion through
10951-455: Is a fictional Central American island that serves as the main setting in the first novel and its film adaptation , as well as Jurassic World . According to the novel, its name means "Cloud Island" in Spanish. The tropical island is located 120 miles (190 kilometres) west of Costa Rica and has an inactive volcano. In the first novel and film, Isla Nublar is the location of Jurassic Park,
11184-500: Is also inaccurately depicted as chewing its food, an idea that was added to make it seem docile like a cow. Whale songs and donkey calls were used for the Brachiosaurus sounds, although scientific evidence showed that the real animal had limited vocal abilities. Brachiosaurus appears again in Jurassic Park III , created by ILM entirely through CGI. Brachiosaurus returns in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , including
11417-491: Is also unlikely that dinosaur DNA would survive a mosquito's digestive process, and fragments of DNA would not be nearly enough to recreate a dinosaur. In addition, the type of mosquito shown in the first film, Toxorhynchites rutilus , does not actually suck blood. The premise presents other issues as well. Michael Crichton 's 1990 novel Jurassic Park and its film adaptation both explain that gene sequence gaps were filled in with frog DNA, although this would not result in
11650-400: Is another fictional Central American island. It is 87 miles (140 km) southwest of Isla Nublar, and 207 miles (333 km) west of Costa Rica. It is the main setting for the second novel and its film adaptation , as well as the third film . Isla Sorna is where InGen conducted much of its dinosaur research. It is here that the dinosaurs were bred before being shipped off to Isla Nublar;
11883-513: Is not mentioned in Jurassic World or Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , but a promotional website for the latter film states that the island ecosystem suffered a breakdown after illegally-cloned animals were introduced there. The surviving dinosaurs were relocated to Isla Nublar for the opening of the Jurassic World theme park, leaving Sorna abandoned. Jurassic World Dominion shows the two adult Tyrannosaurus from Isla Sorna encountering
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#173278735971912116-415: Is notable for its recreation of dinosaurs, achieved primarily through animatronics and computer-generated imagery . The first film was praised for its dinosaur effects, and created an increased interest in the field of paleontology , while changing the public perception of dinosaurs with its modern portrayal. The World trilogy largely ignored recent paleontological findings to maintain continuity with
12349-411: Is only seven or eight and interested in sports. Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger Joseph Mazzello, and it allowed him to introduce the subplot of Lex's adolescent crush on Grant. Koepp changed Grant's relationship with the children, making him hostile to them initially to allow for more character development. Two scenes from the book were ultimately excised. Spielberg removed
12582-464: Is replaced by Brachiosaurus in the film adaptation. Apatosaurus also appears in the sequel novel The Lost World , but is absent from its film adaptation as well. Apatosaurus makes its first film appearance in Jurassic World , with several individuals featured, including one depicted by an animatronic. Unlike earlier films which featured numerous animatronics, the Apatosaurus was the only one created for Jurassic World . Producer Patrick Crowley
12815-517: Is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg's talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away". In Rolling Stone , Peter Travers called the film "colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year [...] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on
13048-504: Is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg. Recently, Jurassic Park has been proposed to be recognized as Intangible Geoheritage due to its cultural impact on the people's views about dinosaurs, including a change in the popular iconography of carnivorous dinosaurs. Jurassic Park had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in
13281-410: Is the fifth-best-selling VHS tape ever. Three years later, a THX certified Widescreen VHS was released on September 9, 1997. The film was also first released as a Collector's Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies' soundtrack albums. It
13514-599: Is the first Jurassic Park film not to be based on a novel, although it does incorporate some unused plot elements from the Crichton novels, such as the river escape and the pterosaur aviary. Jurassic Park III had a troubled production, and received mixed reviews from critics. When their son Eric ( Trevor Morgan ) goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys ( William H. Macy and Téa Leoni ) hire Alan Grant ( Sam Neill ) under false pretenses to help them navigate
13747-413: Is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and the first film in the original Jurassic Park trilogy, and is based on Michael Crichton 's 1990 novel of the same name , with a screenplay by Crichton and David Koepp . The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, off Central America 's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica , where a wealthy businessman John Hammond (Attenborough), and
13980-401: Is with a live cell. We don't have any dinosaur live cells. The whole business of having a dinosaur is a lot of fiction". Horner has instead proposed that a " Chickenosaurus " may be possible, by altering a chicken's DNA. In creating Jurassic Park , Spielberg wanted to accurately portray the dinosaurs, and Horner was hired to achieve this goal. Tippett, a dinosaur enthusiast, also helped to keep
14213-566: The Indoraptor (one of the primary antagonists of the film), escapes and terrorizes people at the estate, forcing Owen and Claire to survive the chaos and rampage in the estate. A subplot about human cloning was introduced in the film. Fallen Kingdom , similar to the second installment, The Lost World , re-explores the themes about the aftermath of the dinosaur park's demise on Isla Nublar and dinosaurs being used for exploitation by humans. Fallen Kingdom grossed over $ 1.3 billion, making it
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#173278735971914446-505: The Tyrannosaurus to escape and attack the group. After the Tyrannosaurus overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro, while Grant, Lex, and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island's docks, Nedry gets lost in the rain, crashes his Jeep Wrangler , and is killed by a venom-spitting Dilophosaurus . Sattler helps the game warden Robert Muldoon search for survivors; they find Malcolm just before
14679-559: The COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $ 517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history. It became the first time a re-issue topped the box office since The Lion King in September 2011. It currently ranks as the 37th highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and
14912-452: The Dilophosaurus would be the easiest dinosaur to film, although the scene proved harder to shoot that he had expected. The scene is set during a storm, and the use of water to simulate the rain resulted in complications for the animal's puppeteer. A shot not included in the final film would have shown inflatable venom sacs, located under the animal's mouth. These would become visible as the dinosaur spits its venom, which would be expelled from
15145-614: The Jurassic Park brand. The InGen name is visible in the film — on computer screens, helicopters, etc. — but is never spoken. InGen's corporate identity is more prominent in the second film. By the time that Jurassic World takes place, InGen and all its intellectual property have been absorbed by the Masrani Global Corporation. Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describes InGen as comparable to other "sleazy organizations". Other sources reference
15378-408: The Jurassic World films, including Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar , a miniseries released in 2019. DreamWorks Animation also produced two animated series for Netflix , Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–2022) and Jurassic World: Chaos Theory (2024), both set during the Jurassic World trilogy. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue, making it one of
15611-412: The T. rex in the rain took six hours per frame. Spielberg monitored their progress from Poland during the filming of Schindler's List , and had teleconferences four times a week with ILM's crew. He called working simultaneously on two vastly different productions "a bipolar experience", where he used "every ounce of intuition on Schindler's List and every ounce of craft on Jurassic Park ". Some of
15844-458: The T. rex skeleton and were approved to do more. When Spielberg and Tippett saw an animatic of the T. rex chasing a herd of Gallimimus , Spielberg said, "You're out of a job", to which Tippett replied, "Don't you mean extinct?" Spielberg put this exchange into the script as a conversation between Malcolm and Grant. Although no go motion was used, the production still used Tippett and his animators to supervise dinosaur movement. Tippett acted as
16077-448: The T. rex to shake and quiver from the extra weight when the foam absorbed it. This forced Stan Winston's crew to dry the model with shammys between takes. During the scene where the T. rex attack the SUV, the animatronic got close to the glass and it broke its tooth off. On set, Malcolm distracting the dinosaur with a flare was included at Goldblum's suggestion. He felt a heroic action
16310-420: The Tyrannosaurus from Isla Nublar. In the same film, Ramsay Cole mentions that Isla Sorna's dinosaurs have been relocated to Biosyn's valley along with those from Isla Nublar that have been rounded up. The island briefly appears in video footage from 1986 shown to Maisie Lockwood by Henry Wu. For the second film, Humboldt County, California served as the primary location for scenes set on Isla Sorna, giving it
16543-444: The Tyrannosaurus returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop and encounter a Brachiosaurus herd. They discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs the following morning. Grant concludes that the dinosaurs are breeding, which is possible because of amphibian DNA—animals like West African frogs can change their sex in a single-sex environment, enabling the dinosaurs to breed. The three later encounter
16776-626: The United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $ 1 billion mark at the worldwide box office. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Before The Lost World
17009-636: The highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The film series is also one of the highest-grossing of all time, having earned over $ 6 billion at the worldwide box office as of 2022. The original Jurassic Park was the first to surpass $ 1 billion, doing so during its 2013 re-release. This was followed by each installment in the Jurassic World trilogy. The Jurassic Park franchise focuses on genetically engineered dinosaurs running amok on an island theme park in Costa Rica. The dinosaurs are cloned by extracting ancient DNA from mosquitoes, which sucked
17242-497: The novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics. The film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park , began production in September 1996. Scott Ciencin wrote a trilogy of spin-off novels based upon Jurassic Park III . The series contained Jurassic Park Adventures: Survivor and Jurassic Park Adventures: Prey , both released in 2001, and Jurassic Park Adventures: Flyers , released
17475-423: The 17th overall. Over the years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller . Jurassic Park' s pioneering use of computer-generated imagery is considered to have paved the way for the special effects practices of modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in
17708-566: The 1993 People's Choice Awards for Favorite All-Around Motion Picture. Young Artist Awards were given to Ariana Richards and Joseph Mazzello, with the film winning an Outstanding Action/Adventure Family Motion Picture award. In 2001, the American Film Institute ranked Jurassic Park as the 35th most thrilling film of American cinema . The film is included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die , film lists by Empire magazine, and The Guardian . Over
17941-459: The 1997 sequel, The Lost World: Jurassic Park , although the film relied more on CGI by ILM. The film features 75 computer-generated shots. While the first film showed that dinosaurs could be adequately recreated through special effects, the sequel raised the question of what could be done with the animals. Winston said, "I wanted to show the world what they didn't see in 'Jurassic Park': more dinosaurs and more dinosaur action. 'More, bigger, better'
18174-474: The 19th-greatest film franchise ever. In a 2010 poll, the readers of Entertainment Weekly rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years. In 2014, it was ranked as one of the 50 greatest films of all time in an extensive poll undertaken by The Hollywood Reporter , which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm and production house in the Hollywood region. The movie's popularity led
18407-426: The 2001 film Jurassic Park III , directed by Joe Johnston . Winston's animatronics were more advanced than those used in previous films; they included the ability to blink, adding to the sense of realism. Animatronics were used for close-up shots. Winston's team took approximately 13 months to design and create the practical dinosaurs. The team also created dinosaur sculptures, which were then scanned by ILM to create
18640-460: The 2018 sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , which featured animatronics by special-effects artist Neal Scanlan . The film has more dinosaurs than any previous film, including several new ones not seen before. Fallen Kingdom also has more animatronic dinosaurs than any previous sequel, and the animatronics were more advanced than in previous films. Fallen Kingdom director J.A. Bayona said animatronics "are very helpful on set, especially for
18873-542: The 2022 film Save the Cinema . In anticipation of the Blu-ray release, Jurassic Park had a digital print released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011. It wound up grossing £245,422 ($ 786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on the weekend box office list. Two years later, on the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park, a 3D version of the film was released in cinemas. Spielberg declared that he had produced
19106-447: The 20th anniversary of the film's release, a new soundtrack was issued for digital download on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks selected by Williams. Universal took the lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the Jurassic Park marketing campaign. It cost $ 65 million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products. These included: three Jurassic Park video games by Sega and Ocean Software ;
19339-425: The 44th highest-grossing film of all time. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively reported an approval rating of 92% based on 142 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: " Jurassic Park is a spectacle of special effects and lifelike animatronics, with some of Spielberg's best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since Jaws ". Metacritic gave
19572-626: The Blu-ray charts, and nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society and the Saturn Awards . In 2012, Jurassic Park was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary, while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an augmented reality cover. The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion
19805-577: The Explorers to create the illusion that they are autonomous cars by hiding the driver in the car's trunk. Barris also customized the Jeep Wranglers featured in the production. The crew moved to Warner Bros. Studios ' Stage 16 to shoot the T. rex 's attack on the LSX powered SUVs. Shooting proved frustrating because when water soaked the animatronic dinosaur's foam rubber skin, it caused
20038-506: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982). It grossed $ 3.1 million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $ 50.1 million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns the year before. The film would hold that record for two years until 1995 when Batman Forever took it. Upon opening, it became the first film to generate $ 50 million in
20271-555: The Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made him and viewers believe it was really happening. To create the dinosaurs, Spielberg thought of hiring Bob Gurr , who designed a giant mechanical King Kong for Universal Studios Hollywood 's King Kong Encounter . Upon reflection, he felt life-size dinosaurs would be too expensive and unconvincing. Instead Spielberg sought
20504-448: The Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening". Jurassic Park's biggest impact on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery . The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects . It received positive reviews from critics, who praised
20737-452: The Park trilogy, leading to criticism among paleontologists. Both Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World include a scene where a character states that any inaccuracies in the dinosaurs can be attributed to the fact that they are genetically-engineered animals. To better reflect modern discoveries, Jurassic World Dominion (2022) expanded upon the concept of feathered dinosaurs which
20970-635: The Planet of the Apes screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script. In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer, with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015. The film was shot in Univisium 2.00:1 . The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built on the remains of the original park on Isla Nublar. The film sees
21203-458: The Third Kind , another Spielberg film he scored, Williams felt he needed to write "pieces that would convey a sense of 'awe' and fascination", given that the film dealt with the "overwhelming happiness and excitement" of seeing live dinosaurs. More suspenseful scenes such as the Tyrannosaurus attack required frightening themes. The first soundtrack album was released on May 25, 1993. For
21436-505: The United Kingdom, it also beat the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns with a gross of £4.875 million ($ 7.4 million) from 434 screens, including a record £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat Terminator 2: Judgment Day ' s opening week record, with £9.2 million. The film held the UK record until it was beaten by Independence Day in 1996. After 12 days of grossing over £1 million
21669-407: The United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned a multimedia franchise that includes five sequels, two television series, video games , theme park attractions , comic books , and various merchandise. Industrialist John Hammond has created Jurassic Park, a theme park of cloned dinosaurs , on
21902-529: The United States and Canada and $ 628.7 million overseas, for a worldwide gross of $ 1.029 billion, making Jurassic Park the 17th film to surpass the $ 1 billion mark. It was the only Universal Pictures film to surpass the $ 1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, Furious 7 , Minions , and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, Jurassic World . The film earned an additional $ 374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release. In June 2020, due to
22135-657: The Visitor Center was a large façade constructed on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate in Kauai. Samuel L. Jackson was to film a lengthy death scene where his character is chased and killed by raptors, but the set was destroyed by Hurricane Iniki. By mid-September, the crew moved to California to shoot the raptors in the kitchen at Stage 24 of the Universal studio lot. Given
22368-517: The actors so they have something to perform against. There's an extra excitement if they can act in front of something real". Five animatronic dinosaurs were created for Fallen Kingdom , which features close interaction between humans and dinosaurs. Scanlan and his team of 35 people spent more than eight months working on the dinosaurs. Scanlan said animatronics were not best for every scene: "In some ways it will have an impact on your shooting schedule; you have to take time to film with an animatronic. In
22601-412: The animals' movements. Jurassic World was the first dinosaur film to use motion capture technology. Trevorrow included several dinosaurs in the film that he had always felt were deserving of a prominent scene: "I didn't want to just throw the kitchen sink at it. Each of these movies has done a good job at just very carefully, in a measured way, increasing the new dinosaurs that you see". ILM returned for
22834-421: The animatronic's mouth using compressed air. However, the atmosphere was cold and humid on-set, and the compressed air became visible under these conditions. Spielberg resolved the issue by cutting the scene to Nedry as the venom hits him, rather than showing it exiting the animal's mouth. Dilophosaurus was popularized by its film appearance in Jurassic Park , but is considered the most fictionalized dinosaur in
23067-622: The audition to use it". After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi . While the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica , the novel's settings, were considered as locations, Spielberg's concerns over infrastructure and accessibility made him choose a place he had already worked. The three-week shoot involved various daytime exteriors for Isla Nublar's forests. On September 11, Hurricane Iniki passed directly over Kauaʻi, costing
23300-836: The backing of Universal Pictures , Spielberg acquired the rights for $ 1.5 million before its publication in 1990. Crichton was hired for an additional $ 500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, while making numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler's List . The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic , and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston 's team. To showcase
23533-559: The balance, we ask ourselves if it is economically and artistically more valuable to do it that way, or as a post-production effect". Unlike the previous film, ILM determined that motion capture technology would not be adequate for depicting the dinosaurs in Fallen Kingdom . The 2019 Jurassic World short film, Battle at Big Rock , utilized CGI and reference maquettes by ILM, and an animatronic by Legacy Effects. The 2022 film Jurassic World Dominion used more animatronics than
23766-570: The best effects supervisors in Hollywood. He brought in Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs; Phil Tippett (credited as Dinosaur Supervisor) to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots ; Michael Lantieri to supervise the on-set effects; and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to do the digital compositing . Paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the designs, to help fulfill Spielberg's desire to portray
23999-406: The best movie". Horner returned as a paleontological consultant for the next four films. For The Lost World: Jurassic Park , Spielberg largely followed Horner's advice regarding dinosaur accuracy, but some exceptions were made. Winston's team closely modelled the dinosaurs based on paleontological facts, or theories in certain cases where facts were not definitively known. The scientific accuracy of
24232-535: The blood of dinosaurs and then became fossilized in amber , preserving the DNA. Scientists then fill gaps in the genome using frog DNA. Although the films primarily take place on fictional islands located in the Pacific coast of Central America , Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022) see the dinosaurs relocated throughout the world, including the U.S. mainland. The film series
24465-412: The book, knew nothing about it, hadn't heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I'm working with Spielberg". Janet Hirshenson, the film's casting director, felt Jeff Goldblum was right to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel. Jim Carrey also auditioned for the role. According to Hirshenson, Carrey "was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff". Laura Dern
24698-591: The car fall and the Brachiosaurus encounter. The crew filmed scenes for the Park's labs and control room, which used animations for the computers lent by Silicon Graphics and Apple . Crichton's book has electric-powered Toyota Land Cruisers as the tour cars in Jurassic Park, but Spielberg made a deal with the Ford Motor Company , who provided seven first generation Ford Explorer XLTs. ILM's crew and veteran customizer George Barris modified
24931-574: The characters Owen and Claire encountering a Dilophosaurus in a cage. Bayona believed that the Arcadia scenes were long enough already. Dilophosaurus appears in Fallen Kingdom only as a diorama , on display at Benjamin Lockwood 's estate. Several Dilophosaurus individuals appear in Jurassic World Dominion , which marks the first living appearance since the original film. One individual has an encounter with Claire, and
25164-425: The characters and make for a more colorful cast, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler leading to Grant's jealousy. Some characterizations were changed from the novel. Hammond went from a ruthless businessman to a kindly old man, because Spielberg identified with Hammond's obsession with showmanship. He also switched the characters of Tim and Lex; in the book, Tim is 11 and interested in computers, and Lex
25397-424: The characters like stop-motion puppets. In addition, they acted out scenes with the raptors and Gallimimus . As well as the computer-generated dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing and digital face replacement for Ariana Richards's stunt double. Compositing the dinosaurs onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, and rendering
25630-405: The climax to bring back the T. rex , abandoning the original ending where Grant uses a platform machine to maneuver a raptor into a fossil tyrannosaur's jaws. The scene, which already included the juxtaposition of live dinosaurs in a museum filled with fossils, while also destroying the bones, now had an ending where the T. rex saved the protagonists, and afterward made what Spielberg described as
25863-405: The colors to be the most inaccurate aspect of the films' dinosaurs. In addition, they are often depicting roaring, although paleontologists find this speculative or unrealistic. Horner said: "Dinosaurs gave rise to birds, and birds sing. I think most of the dinosaurs actually sang rather than growled". Despite new discoveries, the sequels largely kept the earlier dinosaur designs for continuity with
26096-584: The company's receiving a baby T. rex (in The Lost World: Jurassic Park ) as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in the 1933 film King Kong . Ken Gelder describes InGen as "resolutely secretive", like the tax firm in John Grisham 's 1991 novel The Firm . In the novels, Biosyn Corporation (or Biosyn for short) is InGen's corporate rival. The company is controversial for its industrial espionage in
26329-410: The computer-generated versions of the animals. Winston planned to return for a fourth film, which was ultimately released in 2015 as Jurassic World . Winston, who had been planning more-advanced special effects for the project, died in 2008 before the start of filming. Legacy Effects , founded by former members of Stan Winston Studios, provided an animatronic dinosaur for Jurassic World . Otherwise,
26562-430: The condition Spielberg make Jurassic Park first. He said later by choosing a creature-driven thriller, he wanted to try to make a good sequel to Jaws , on land. Spielberg was also heavily inspired to make the film because of King Kong as he stated, "My one precedent for Jurassic Park was King Kong . King Kong was the high water mark for special effects creating a world I never knew existed". "And I think that
26795-858: The course of its theatrical run, making it the world's third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015 , and remains the ninth highest-grossing film of all time . When adjusted for monetary inflation , Jurassic World is the highest-grossing film in the franchise. A sequel to Jurassic World was released on June 22, 2018. The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly, with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers. The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall , Justice Smith , Daniella Pineda , James Cromwell , Toby Jones , Ted Levine , BD Wong, Isabella Sermon , and Geraldine Chaplin , with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm. During early conversations on Jurassic World , Spielberg told Trevorrow that he
27028-479: The creation of DTS (Digital Theater Systems) to allow audiences to "really hear the movie the way it was intended to be heard". The sound effects crew, supervised by George Lucas , finished by the end of April. Sound designer Gary Rydstrom considered it a fun process, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music. During the process, Spielberg flew on weekends from Poland to Paris, where he met Rydstrom to see
27261-403: The dinosaur's appearance in the first film, and was created by Image Engine . The company's artists often viewed the species' original appearance for reference. Jeremy Mesana, the animation supervisor for Imagine Engine, said: "We were always going back and staring at that little snippet from the first film. It was always interesting trying to find the feeling of the Gallimimus . Trying to capture
27494-434: The dinosaur's footsteps. William Hurt was initially offered the role of Alan Grant, but turned it down without reading the script. Kurt Russell and Richard Dreyfuss were also considered for the role, but they were deemed too expensive. Harrison Ford and Tim Robbins were also offered the role before Sam Neill was cast three or four weeks before filming began. Neill said "it all happened real quick. I hadn't read
27727-411: The dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters, which changed the public's perception of them, although the sequels would have a deeper focus on rampaging dinosaurs. Horner said that in reality, "visiting a dinosaur park would be like going to a wild animal park. As long as you keep your windows rolled up, nobody's going to bother you. But that doesn't make a very good movie". Horner was involved throughout
27960-550: The dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters. Certain concepts about dinosaurs, like the theory they evolved into birds and had very little in common with lizards, were followed. This prompted the removal of the raptors' flicking tongues in Tippett's early animatics , as Horner complained it was implausible. Winston's department created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding latex skins, which were fitted over complex robotics. Tippett created stop-motion animatics of
28193-404: The dinosaurs is referenced in Crichton's novel when Henry Wu , chief geneticist for the dinosaur theme park, notes that the animals are hypothetical reconstructions created with modified DNA. In Jurassic Park III , the character Dr. Alan Grant , a paleontologist, states that the resurrected dinosaurs are not authentic but rather are "genetically engineered theme park monsters". The film introduces
28426-428: The dinosaurs that were freed at the end of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , but it would not depict dinosaurs terrorizing cities and going to war against humans; Trevorrow considered such ideas unrealistic. Instead, Trevorrow was interested in a world where "dinosaur interaction is unlikely but possible—the same way we watch out for bears or sharks". Certain scenes and ideas regarding the integration of dinosaurs into
28659-493: The dinosaurs, the company has also captured 14-year-old orphan Maisie Lockwood and unleashed giant locusts to devour their rivals' crops. By the end of the film, this plot is foiled and exposed to the public. The film's director, Colin Trevorrow , described Biosyn not as an "evil" corporation, but rather an entity with thousands of employees who have the best intentions in mind, only to feel betrayed by Dodgson upon learning of his actions. Isla Nublar (English: Cloud Island )
28892-426: The effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $ 914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic ), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it
29125-461: The exception of Jurassic World . In the novels, Procompsognathus is depicted with the fictitious feature of a venomous bite, although such a trait is not mentioned regarding their onscreen counterparts. Compsognathus returns in the 2022 film Jurassic World Dominion . A fictionalized version of Dilophosaurus appears in the first novel and its film adaptation, both depicting it with the ability to spit venom. The film's Dilophosaurus also has
29358-418: The fact that they are genetically engineered animals. Trevorrow noted that the dinosaurs in the franchise – going back to Crichton's novels Jurassic Park and The Lost World (1995) – were partially recreated with frog DNA, stating "those weren't 'real' dinosaurs, any of them". Tim Alexander , visual effects supervisor for ILM, said that colorful dinosaurs were excluded because they would look out of place in
29591-403: The film a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen [...] On paper, this story
29824-470: The film had the widest release ever and was the first film to open with a one-day gross of more than A$ 1 million, grossing A$ 5,447,000 (US$ 3.6 million) in its first four days from 192 screens beating the opening record of Terminator 2 and also beating the weekly record set by The Bodyguard with a gross of A$ 6.8 million. In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with
30057-489: The film with a sort of "subconscious 3D", as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay. In 2011, he stated in an interview that Jurassic Park was the only one of his works he had considered for a conversion. Once he saw the 3D version of Titanic in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D. Spielberg and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński closely supervised
30290-600: The film's climactic scene, the Giganotosaurus is killed in battle when the T. rex pushes it onto the claws of a Therizinosaurus . Jurassic Park Jurassic Park , later also referred to as Jurassic World , is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs . It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought
30523-489: The film's creatures were largely created through CGI, provided by ILM and Image Engine . New technology, such as subsurface scattering , allowed for greater detail in the creatures' skin and muscle tissue. According to Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow , the film's animals were created from scratch because "technology has changed so much that everything is a rebuild". Some of the computer-generated creatures were created with motion capture , using human actors to perform
30756-473: The film's five-minute prologue , released in 2021. The franchise's premise involves the cloning of dinosaurs through ancient DNA , extracted from mosquitoes that sucked the blood of such animals and were then fossilized in amber , preserving the DNA. Later research showed that this would not be possible due to the degradation of DNA over time. The oldest DNA ever found only dated back approximately 1 million years, whereas dinosaurs died 66 million years ago. It
30989-684: The film's release, a traveling exhibition called "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props. The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of the rest of the world from July 16 until October. The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in Carmarthen , Wales from closure, an event chronicled in
31222-549: The film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS , a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film was backed by an extensive $ 65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies. Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and
31455-485: The film, Compsognathus are depicted as small carnivorous theropods which attack in packs. In Crichton's novels, the dinosaur is nicknamed "Compy" (plural: "Compies"), and this is used in the film series as well. Dennis Muren , the film's visual effects supervisor, considered Compsognathus the most complex digital dinosaur. Because of their small size, the Compies had their entire body visible onscreen and thus needed
31688-483: The film, and also provided several dinosaur fossil recreations for the film. Horner said that his own involvement on Fallen Kingdom was minimal. Horner was consulted again for Jurassic World Dominion , and paleontologist Steve Brusatte was also hired as a science consultant. Fully feathered dinosaurs are introduced in Jurassic World Dominion and its prologue. The following list includes on-screen appearances. Some animals listed here have also made prior appearances in
31921-543: The film, joined with IBM and director James Cameron to form a new special effects company, Digital Domain . In 2018, Jurassic Park was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It also started a trend of dubbing US films into Hindi for the Indian market and was the highest-grossing US film in India at
32154-404: The film, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time. Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by Titanic , the first film to gross over $ 1 billion. The 3D re-release of Jurassic Park in April 2013 opened at fourth place at the US box office, with $ 18.6 million from 2,771 locations. IMAX showings accounted for over $ 6 million, with the 32 percent being
32387-468: The film, with Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley as producers. The film stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard , returning from the previous Jurassic World films. Sam Neill , Laura Dern and Jeff Goldblum also reprise their characters for major roles, marking the trio's first film appearance together since the original Jurassic Park film. In addition, Daniella Pineda , Justice Smith , Isabella Sermon, and Omar Sy reprise their roles from
32620-403: The film. Horner, in 2013, described Dilophosaurus as a good dinosaur to "make a fictional character out of, because I think two specimens are known, and both of them are really crappy. They're not preserved very well". Paleontologist Scott Persons later said that the Dilophosaurus is the most controversial dinosaur depiction in the film series. In Jurassic World , a Dilophosaurus appears as
32853-466: The film: "It's very forest greens and taupes and park rangers. And if we then throw a bright pink raptor in there, it's going to stick out and look a little weird". For Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , ILM consulted with paleontologists and did extensive research to accurately depict the dinosaurs. Dinosaur expert John Hankla, of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science , served as an advisor on
33086-451: The first and third installments in the trilogy. Jurassic World Rebirth , a new film set after the preceding trilogy, is scheduled for release in 2025, without Trevorrow's involvement. Numerous video games and comic books based on the franchise have been created since the release of the 1993 film, and several water rides have been opened at various Universal Studios theme parks . Lego has produced several animated projects based on
33319-423: The first film, The Lost World: Jurassic Park made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to
33552-405: The first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method for cloning dinosaurs, which would be placed in an island theme park attraction. InGen was well established in the first novel as the entity behind the park, but for simplicity the first film emphasized
33785-493: The following year. The Evolution of Claire (Jurassic World) is a young adult novel written by Tess Sharpe. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2018 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom . It is a spin-off set in 2004, prior to the opening of the Jurassic World theme park. The novel is about college freshman Claire Dearing during her summer internship at
34018-523: The genetics industry. Lewis Dodgson , an employee of Biosyn, helps the company in its theft of corporate secrets. Biosyn is interested in acquiring InGen's dinosaur DNA, believing the animals present a variety of uses such as hunting trophies and pharmaceutical test subjects. Dodgson makes only a minor appearance in the first film, and his employer is not named. However, Biosyn is featured in several video games. The company, as Biosyn Genetics , makes its film debut in Jurassic World Dominion (2022). By
34251-436: The group encounters a sick Triceratops . The tour is cut short as a tropical storm approaches. The park employees leave for the mainland on a boat, while the visitors return to their railed-electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park's veterinarian, Dr. Harding, to study the sick Triceratops . Jurassic Park's disgruntled lead computer programmer Dennis Nedry was previously bribed by Lewis Dodgson,
34484-487: The highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release. The international release had its most successful weekend in the last week of August, when it managed to climb to the top of the overseas box office with a $ 28.8 million debut in China. The reissue earned $ 45.4 million in the United States and Canada and $ 44.5 million internationally as of August 2013 , leading to a lifetime gross of $ 402.5 million in
34717-477: The illusion of multiple animals. The 127-minute film has 15 minutes of total screen time for the dinosaurs, including nine minutes of animatronics and six minutes of CGI animals. Jurassic Park received critical acclaim for its innovations in CGI technology and animatronics. Among adults, the film generated an interest in dinosaurs, and it increased interest in the field of paleontology. Winston and his team returned for
34950-575: The island is overrun by dinosaurs once more following the Indominus rex incident. In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , Isla Nublar is destroyed when its volcano becomes active again and erupts. In the films, several Hawaiian islands stood in as Isla Nublar, including Oahu and Kauai . Some filming also took place on sound stages, in California for the original film, and in Louisiana for Jurassic World . Isla Sorna , also called Site B ,
35183-701: The island park's main attraction are living, breathing dinosaurs, created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding/cloning. When lead programmer Dennis Nedry ( Wayne Knight ) turns off the park's power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck , Martin Ferrero , BD Wong , Ariana Richards , Joseph Mazzello , and Samuel L. Jackson . Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park , specifically Godzilla, King of
35416-518: The island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a Spinosaurus , which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys' son, the situation grows dire as Velociraptors hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola , Michael Jeter , Mark Harelik , and Laura Dern . Steven Spielberg devised
35649-404: The jump, and this inspired the incorporation of a Gallimimus also falling. A portion of the scene depicts a Tyrannosaurus killing a Gallimimus , inspired by a scene in the 1969 film The Valley of Gwangi . Horse squeals were used to provide the Gallimimus vocal sounds. Gallimimus returns in Jurassic World , in which a running herd is depicted during a tour. The scene is a reference to
35882-481: The kitchen set was filled with reflective surfaces, cinematographer Dean Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections. The crew also shot the scenes involving the power supply on Stage 23 before going to Red Rock Canyon for the Montana dig scenes. The crew returned to Universal to shoot Grant's rescue of Tim, using a 50-foot prop with hydraulic wheels for
36115-428: The magazine's lifetime. Empire called the first encounter with a Brachiosaurus the 28th-most magical moment in cinema. In 2008, an Empire poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time. On Film Review ' s 55th anniversary in 2005, it declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine's lifetime. In 2006, IGN ranked Jurassic Park as
36348-421: The main setting for the 2018 video game Jurassic World Evolution . InGen abandons Isla Sorna after the events of the first novel and film, and the dinosaurs are left to live freely and reproduce. At the end of the second film, it is stated that Isla Sorna has been set up as a biological preserve for the animals, after a failed attempt to relocate them to a new theme park in San Diego. The status of Isla Sorna
36581-565: The management of the National Basketball Association expansion franchise founded in Toronto in 1995 to adopt the name Raptors . In addition, during the team's playoff games, fans watch the game on a large television in a fan area outside the arena that has been nicknamed Jurassic Park. The film has been said to have given rise to a Jurassic Park generation, young people inspired to become paleontologists, and to
36814-456: The nine-month process in-between the production of Lincoln . Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with Titanic , "being able to capitalize on everything we learned with Jim [James Cameron] on Titanic and take it into a different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements". The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for
37047-482: The novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER . Warner Bros. Pictures , Columbia Pictures , 20th Century Fox , and Universal Pictures bid for the rights to the novel before its publication. In May 1990, Universal acquired the rights, with the backing of Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment . Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $ 1.5 million as well as
37280-482: The novels, but is replaced by Compsognathus in the film series. Their first film appearance is in The Lost World: Jurassic Park . In the film, the character Dr. Robert Burke , a paleontologist, identifies the dinosaur as Compsognathus triassicus , which in reality is a non-existent species; the film combined the names of Compsognathus longipes and Procompsognathus triassicus . In
37513-601: The novels. Ankylosaurus first appears in Jurassic Park III , through brief appearances. It was created by ILM entirely through CGI. Ankylosaurus returns in Jurassic World . It is among Trevorrow's favorite dinosaurs, and is one of several that he felt was deserving of a substantial scene. In the film, an Ankylosaurus is killed by the Indominus rex . Trevorrow called its death an example of moments "that are designed to really make these creatures feel like living animals that you can connect to. Especially since so many of
37746-408: The opening sequence with Procompsognathus attacking a young child as he found it too horrific. For budgetary reasons Koepp cut the T. rex chasing Grant and the children down a river before being tranquilized by Muldoon. Both parts were included in film sequels. Spielberg suggested adding the scene where the T. rex pursues a jeep, which at first only had the characters driving away after hearing
37979-573: The original 1993 film Jurassic Park , director Steven Spielberg wanted to use practical dinosaurs as much as possible. He chose special-effects artist Stan Winston to create animatronic dinosaurs for the film, after seeing his work on the Queen Alien in the 1986 film Aliens . Winston said the Queen was easy compared to a dinosaur animatronic: "The queen was exoskeletal, so all of its surfaces were hard. There were no muscles, no flesh, and there
38212-405: The original trilogy of films. The fourth installment, Jurassic World , was released in 2015, marking the beginning of a new trilogy. Its sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , was released in 2018. The sixth film, Jurassic World Dominion , released in 2022, marks the conclusion of the second trilogy. Two Jurassic World short films have also been released: Battle at Big Rock (2019) and
38445-627: The other species featured did not exist until the Cretaceous period. This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the Velociraptor to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period". Special effects work continued on the film, with Tippett's unit adjusting to new technology with Dinosaur Input Devices: models that fed information into computers to allow them to animate
38678-406: The park run by Simon Masrani ( Irrfan Khan ) and Masrani Corp, and features the return of Dr. Henry Wu ( BD Wong ) from the first film. Chris Pratt , Bryce Dallas Howard , and Jake Johnson star, while Vincent D'Onofrio portrayed the main antagonist, Vic Hoskins. The cast also includes Lauren Lapkus , Ty Simpkins , Nick Robinson , Omar Sy , and Judy Greer . The primary dinosaur antagonist
38911-411: The park's visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from prehistoric mosquitoes preserved in amber . DNA from frogs , among other animals, were used to fill in gaps in the dinosaurs' genome . To prevent breeding, the dinosaurs were made female by direct chromosome manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby Velociraptor and visits
39144-458: The park's visitors. The scene was described by Empire as the 28th most magical moment in cinema. A later scene depicts characters in a high tree, interacting with a Brachiosaurus . This scene required the construction of a 7.5-foot (2.3 m)-tall puppet that represented the animal's upper neck and head. The film inaccurately depicts the species as having the ability to stand on its hind legs, allowing it to reach high tree branches. The dinosaur
39377-483: The park, Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ) is called in by John Hammond ( Richard Attenborough ) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding ( Julianne Moore ) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow ( Arliss Howard ), has taken over his uncle's company and leads
39610-468: The park. Maisie Lockwood Adventures (Jurassic World) is a children's book series written by Tess Sharpe and illustrated by Chloe Dominique. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2022 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World Dominion . Consisting of the novels Off the Grid and The Yosemite Six , the novels tell the adventures of Maisie Lockwood as she navigates
39843-441: The portrayals realistic. The film followed the theory that dinosaurs had evolved into birds , and it was praised for its modern portrayal of dinosaurs, although Horner said that there were still many inaccuracies. However, he noted that the film is not a documentary and said he was "happy with having some fiction thrown in", stating: "My job was to get a little science into Jurassic Park , but not ruin it". Spielberg sought to portray
40076-418: The post-production team struggled to perfect the CGI, with only several days left to complete the scene. They worked through the final night to perfect the colors and composition, shortly before the film's release. Fans and film critics considered the death scene sad, with the latter describing it as "poignant" or "haunting", particularly given the species' role in the first film. Procompsognathus appears in
40309-415: The practical dinosaurs have been created by other artists, including Legacy Effects and Image Engine ( Jurassic World ), Neal Scanlan ( Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom ), and John Nolan ( Jurassic World Dominion ). Paleontologist Jack Horner has served as the longtime scientific advisor on the films, and paleontologist Steve Brusatte was also consulted for Jurassic World Dominion . The original film
40542-566: The previous Jurassic World films. Approximately 18 animatronics of varying sizes were created, by John Nolan. The dinosaurs were designed by production designer Kevin Jenkins, who created miniature clay maquettes that were then scanned by ILM, which made alterations before sending the digital models to Nolan for 3D printing . In a departure from previous films, the dinosaurs were made of recyclable materials. ILM created 900 CGI dinosaur shots for Dominion , and also produced various CGI dinosaurs for
40775-403: The previous films. Paleontologists were disappointed with the outdated dinosaur portrayals in Jurassic World , including the lack of feathers, although they acknowledged that it is a work of fiction. Trevorrow said Jurassic World was not meant as a documentary film , but as a sci-fi film. The film itself includes a scene with Wu stating that any inaccuracies in the dinosaurs can be attributed to
41008-494: The previous films. The animatronic dinosaurs were created by John Nolan and his team. It is also the second film in the franchise to feature feathered dinosaurs after feathered velociraptors in Jurassic Park III . Jurassic Park (film) Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg , produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen , and starring Sam Neill , Laura Dern , Jeff Goldblum , and Richard Attenborough . It
41241-544: The previous record set by Rambo: First Blood Part II in 1985. The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom. Ultimately the film grossed $ 914 million worldwide in its initial release, with Spielberg reportedly earning over $ 250 million from
41474-456: The previous two films. Other actors include Mamoudou Athie , DeWanda Wise , Dichen Lachman , and Scott Haze . Campbell Scott portrays the character Lewis Dodgson from the first film, originally played by Cameron Thor . Planning for the film dates to 2014. Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018. Trevorrow said the film would focus on the dinosaurs that went open source after being sold and spread around
41707-526: The production process. His consulting work included the supervision of the CGI dinosaurs, ensuring that they were life-like and scientifically accurate. Horner and Spielberg would discuss ways to combine scientific facts with fictional elements, the latter being for entertainment purposes. Horner said "if I could demonstrate that something was true or not true, then he would go with that, but if I had some question about it and we didn't really have much evidence about it, he would go with whatever he thought would make
41940-645: The project to supervise the dinosaur movements. Tippett and ILM worked together to create the Dinosaur Input Device (DID), a robot shaped like a dinosaur skeleton. The DID included an array of sensors that captured various poses, which were then transferred into graphics software at ILM. Animatics and storyboards by Tippett were also used by the film crew as reference for action sequences. ILM based their CGI dinosaurs on Winston's models. Herds of dinosaurs were created through computer animation, using duplicate individuals which were slightly altered to give
42173-474: The public as dinosaurs. The various creatures in the films were created through a combination of animatronics and computer-generated imagery (CGI). For the first three films, the animatronics were created by special-effects artist Stan Winston and his team, while Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) handled the CGI for the entire series. The first film garnered critical acclaim for its innovations in CGI technology and animatronics. Since Winston's death in 2008,
42406-426: The raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the ethics of cloning and the park's creation. Malcolm warns of the implications of genetic engineering while Grant and Sattler express uncertainty over the ability of humans and dinosaurs to coexist. Hammond's grandchildren Lex and Tim join the others for a tour of the park, while Hammond oversees them from the control room. Most of the dinosaurs fail to appear and
42639-421: The raptors in the kitchen and the Tyrannosaurus attacking the car. Despite go motion's attempts at motion blurs , Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film. Muren told Spielberg he thought the dinosaurs could be built using computer-generated imagery ; Spielberg asked him to prove it. ILM animators Mark Dippé and Steve Williams developed a computer-generated walk cycle for
42872-565: The rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head over, discovering the shutdown has released the Velociraptors . Muldoon distracts two of them while Sattler turns the power back on before being attacked by a third and discovering Arnold's severed arm. Muldoon, simultaneously, is caught off-guard and killed. Grant, Tim, and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. The raptors appear and pursue Tim and Lex throughout
43105-414: The release of Michael Crichton 's novel Jurassic Park . A film adaptation, also titled Jurassic Park , was directed by Steven Spielberg and was released in 1993. Crichton then wrote a sequel novel, The Lost World (1995), and Spielberg directed its film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). Four additional films have been released, including Jurassic Park III in 2001, completing
43338-441: The rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg 's 1993 film adaptation . The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Crichton's 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World ,
43571-478: The rights, but Universal Pictures acquired them in May 1990 for Spielberg. James Cameron revealed in 2012 he tried to get the rights only to discover that Spielberg acquired them a few hours prior. After completing Hook , Spielberg wanted to film Schindler's List . Sid Sheinberg , president of Music Corporation of America (Universal's parent company at the time) gave the green light to Schindler's List on
43804-411: The role of Malcolm, before trying out for the role of Dodgson. In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container disguised as a can of shaving cream that is used to transport the embryos. Thor said: "It just said 'shaving-cream can' in the script, so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol , which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after
44037-599: The same ceremony, Spielberg, editor Michael Kahn, and composer John Williams won Academy Awards for Schindler's List ). The film won honors outside the U.S. including the 1994 BAFTA for Best Special Effects , as well as the Award for the Public's Favorite Film. It won the 1994 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , and the 1993 Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction , Best Writing for Crichton and Koepp and Best Special Effects . The film won
44270-399: The same essence of that original shot was really tricky". By the time Jurassic World was produced, scientists had found that Gallimimus had feathers, although this trait is absent from the film. Giganotosaurus is introduced in the 2021 Jurassic World Dominion prologue . It serves as the dinosaur antagonist in the prologue and the film itself. Trevorrow saved the Giganotosaurus for
44503-439: The screen. The animal is never shown walking. The Dilophosaurus scene was shot on a sound stage , and the animal's lower body was suspended from a catwalk with bungee cords. No CGI was used in creating the Dilophosaurus . In both the novel and its film adaptation, a Dilophosaurus uses its venom on the character Dennis Nedry before killing him. The animatronic was nicknamed "Spitter" by Winston's team. A paintball mechanism
44736-447: The script, so Universal president Casey Silver recommended David Koepp , co-writer of Death Becomes Her . Koepp started afresh from Marmo's draft, and used Spielberg's idea of a cartoon shown to the visitors to remove much of the exposition that fills Crichton's novel. While Koepp tried to avoid excessive character detail "because whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn't care less", he tried to flesh out
44969-493: The sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct. Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000, with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai , Oahu , and Molokai . It
45202-405: The series. Trevorrow believed that different directors could bring different qualities to future films. Bayona was once considered to direct Jurassic World , but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production. Filming took place from February to July 2017, in the United Kingdom and Hawaii. Former Jurassic World manager Claire Dearing and Velociraptor handler Owen Grady join
45435-399: The software used to create dinosaurs and other visual effects was Pixar 's RenderMan and Softimage 3D . Industrial Light & Magic also used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models. Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded
45668-424: The sound progress. Former ILM CG Animator Steve "Spaz" Williams said it took nearly a year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed. Jurassic Park was completed on May 28, 1993. John Williams began scoring the film at the end of February, and it was recorded a month later. Alexander Courage and John Neufeld provided the score's orchestrations . As with Close Encounters of
45901-505: The television series ER . Spielberg recognized what really fascinated him about Jurassic Park was it was "a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind", going beyond a simple monster movie. Before the book was published, Crichton had demanded $ 1.5 million for the film rights and a substantial percentage of the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton , Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner , and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante bid for
46134-500: The themes in the film involve our relationship with animals on the planet right now, I wanted them to feel real". In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , several Ankylosaurus flee from a volcanic eruption and one is later auctioned to a wealthy Indonesian . Several others escape the Lockwood Estate alongside other dinosaurs. In the novel Jurassic Park , Apatosaurus is the first group of dinosaurs seen on Isla Nublar . It
46367-448: The third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 , and the 22nd highest-grossing film of all time. It received mixed reviews from critics. Jurassic World Dominion was released on June 10, 2022. It was directed by Trevorrow, with a screenplay written by him and Emily Carmichael , based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow and Spielberg serve as executive producers for
46600-479: The third Jurassic World film to set up a rivalry between it and the T. rex . In the prologue, a Giganotosaurus kills a T. rex in battle during the Cretaceous , and two cloned versions face off in the subsequent film, set during the present day. The film presents Giganotosaurus as the largest carnivore to have ever existed on Earth, although in reality, the Spinosaurus is believed to have been bigger. In
46833-561: The time that the film takes place, Dodgson has become the company's CEO. Biosyn's employees now include geneticist Dr. Henry Wu and mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm , the latter working as the company's in-house philosopher. With dinosaurs loose around the world and captured by governments, Biosyn has a contract to house the animals at its headquarters in the Dolomites mountain range in Italy. In addition to performing pharmaceutical research on
47066-506: The trip from page to screen". Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four: "The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values". Henry Sheehan of Sight & Sound argued: "The complaints over Jurassic Park ' s lack of story and character sound
47299-438: The tropical island Isla Nublar, located off of the coast of Costa Rica . After a Velociraptor kills a dinosaur handler, the park's investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, demand a safety certification. Gennaro invites chaotician Ian Malcolm , and Hammond invites paleontologist Alan Grant and paleobotanist Ellie Sattler . Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see a live Brachiosaurus and other dinosaurs. At
47532-581: The use of a harness, although it was found too heavy. As with the original film, methyl cellulose was used to create the venom, which was shot out by an off-screen technician. Dimetrodon is a synapsid which existed before the dinosaurs, although it is often mistaken for one. The creature appears as a diorama model in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , along with other animals. Production designer Andy Nicholson included Dimetrodon due to its popularity, especially among Jurassic Park fans. The animal had made numerous appearances in franchise merchandise over
47765-404: The world in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , allowing people other than Dr. Henry Wu to create their own dinosaurs. Trevorrow stated that the film would be set around the world, and said that the idea of Henry Wu being the only person who knows how to create a dinosaur was far-fetched "after 30 years of this technology existing" within the films' universe. Additionally, the film would focus on
47998-650: The world were ultimately removed from the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom script to be saved for the third film. Filming locations included Canada, England's Pinewood Studios , and the country of Malta . Jurassic World Dominion began filming in February 2020, but was put on hiatus several weeks later as a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Production later resumed that July, with numerous health precautions in place, including COVID-19 testing and social distancing . Filming wrapped four months later. Jurassic World Dominion uses more animatronics than
48231-401: The years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller . The American Film Institute named Jurassic Park the 35th-most thrilling film of all time on June 13, 2001. In 2004, Empire magazine judged Jurassic Park the sixth-most influential film in
48464-424: The years, including toys, comic books, and video games. A group of living Dimetrodon appear in Jurassic World Dominion . Originally, Nolan's team was only budgeted to sculpt a Dimetrodon head. However, lead sculptor David Darby continued to add on to the creature. According to Nolan, Darby "sort of got carried away and put the neck on in and then added legs and added the body". The nearly finished creature, minus
48697-515: Was Spielberg's first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler, but was not the only actress offered the part. Robin Wright and Juliette Binoche turned it down. Stacy Haiduk , Gwyneth Paltrow and Helen Hunt auditioned for the role. Spielberg chose to cast Wayne Knight as Dennis Nedry after seeing his performance in Basic Instinct . Ariana Richards, who plays Lex Murphy, said: "I
48930-401: Was better than going by the script, where like Gennaro, Malcolm was scared and ran away. The ripples in the glass of water caused by the T. rex ' s footsteps were inspired by Spielberg listening to Earth, Wind and Fire in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on a guitar he
49163-455: Was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right". Christina Ricci also auditioned for the role. Joseph Mazzello had screen-tested for a role in Hook , but
49396-440: Was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film. Richard Attenborough was cast as John Hammond, but was initially hesitant to join the project, which marked his first acting role in 14 years. He eventually signed on to play the role at the insistence of Spielberg, who told him, "I can't see anyone else playing it but you". Cameron Thor had worked with Spielberg on Hook , and auditioned for
49629-589: Was first introduced in Jurassic Park III (2001). International Genetic Technologies, Inc. ( InGen ) is the fictional company responsible for cloning the dinosaurs. According to the novels, it is based in Palo Alto , California , and has one location in Europe as well. Nevertheless, most of InGen's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica. While
49862-572: Was first officially released on VHS by CIC Video on October 3, 1994, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it had an exclusive seven-week rental window before going on sale on November 21. In the rest of the world, it was officially released on VHS and LaserDisc on October 4, 1994 (by MCA/Universal Home Video in the United States). Despite the official release date, most US retailers decided not to wait that long and were selling it by 1 October. With 17 million units sold, Jurassic Park
50095-572: Was followed by a 1997 film adaptation , also directed by Spielberg. Crichton did not write any further sequels in the series, although Spielberg would return as executive producer for each subsequent film, starting with Jurassic Park III (2001). In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World . The film was financially successful, and was followed by Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022). The Jurassic World films were co-written by Colin Trevorrow , who also directed
50328-532: Was in talks for two separate roles. In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script. Sayles' first draft involved a team of Deinonychus being trained for use in rescue missions. Both drafts were scrapped, and a new script was being worked on in 2006. Laura Dern was contacted to reprise her role, with the film expected for release in 2008. The film was further delayed by the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike . Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected. Rise of
50561-407: Was initially hesitant to have an animatronic built because of the high cost, but Trevorrow persuaded him that fans of the series would enjoy it. The animatronic, built by Legacy Effects , consisted of a seven-foot (2.1 m)-long section of the dinosaur's neck and head. It was used for a close-up shot depicting the animal's death, after it had been attacked by the Indominus rex . Audio recordings of
50794-448: Was interested in having several more films made. In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed: "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story". Trevorrow, who said he would direct the film if asked, later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in
51027-442: Was issued on Blu-ray 3D. The film, alongside The Lost World , Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World , was released as part of a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary. Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on NBC on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park . Some 68.12 million people tuned in, garnering NBC
51260-654: Was marketed with the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick. Jurassic Park premiered at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C. on June 9, 1993, in support of two children's charities. The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30 pm EDT on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens. Following
51493-605: Was my high-water mark for imagining what it would be like to do a King Kong of today. Certainly I don’t consider Jurassic Park a classic the way King Kong is a classic, but I was so inspired by King Kong that that was one of the reasons I think I wanted to make Jurassic Park ". As well Spielberg originally planned on bringing the dinosaurs to life for long shots "the same way that Willis O'Brien made King Kong ", with stop motion animation before ultimately deciding to use CGI . Spielberg also cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park , specifically Godzilla, King of
51726-449: Was no real weight to it. The alien queen also didn't have to look like a real, organic animal because it was a fictional character -- so there was nothing in real life to compare it to. There was just no comparison in the difficulty level of building that alien queen and building a full-size dinosaur". Winston's team spent much time perfecting the animatronics, which used metal skeletons powered by electric motors. They molded latex skin that
51959-628: Was our motto". Technology had not advanced much since the first film, although director Spielberg said that "the artistry of the creative computer people" had advanced: "There's better detail, much better lighting, better muscle tone and movement in the animals. When a dinosaur transfers weight from his left side to his right, the whole movement of fat and sinew is smoother, more physiologically correct". Besides animatronics, Winston's team also painted maquettes of dinosaurs that would subsequently be created through CGI. Spielberg served as executive producer for each subsequent film. ILM and Winston returned for
52192-420: Was playing, which achieved the concentric circles in the water Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect. Back at Universal, the crew filmed scenes with the Dilophosaurus on Stage 27. The shoot finished on Stage 12 with the climactic chases with the raptors in the Park's computer rooms and Visitor Center. Spielberg changed
52425-420: Was possible. From the first moment of publication, I was astonished by the degree to which it was taken seriously in scientific circles". Microbiologists at the time also considered the premise to be implausible. The film's dinosaur consultant, paleontologist Jack Horner , said in 2018: "Even if we had dinosaur DNA, we don't know how to actually form an animal just from DNA. The animal cloning that we do these days
52658-455: Was praised for its modern portrayal of dinosaurs. Horner said that it still contained many inaccuracies, but noted that it was not meant as a documentary. Later films in the series contain inaccuracies as well, for entertainment purposes. This includes the films' velociraptors, which are depicted as being larger than their real-life counterparts. In addition, the franchise's method for cloning dinosaurs has been deemed scientifically implausible, for
52891-434: Was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film was released to mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Critical response to The Lost World has since become more favorable, with some publications calling it the best Jurassic Park sequel. Much like
53124-401: Was released on June 11 in the United States. It was a blockbuster hit and went on to gross over $ 914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run, surpassing Spielberg's own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of Titanic in 1997. It also remains the highest-grossing film directed by Spielberg to date. The film was also
53357-416: Was the 13th-best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold. Following the release of Jurassic Park III , a new box set with all the films called Jurassic Park Trilogy was released on December 11, 2001. It was repackaged as Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005. The trilogy was released on Blu-ray on October 25, 2011, debuting at number five on
53590-455: Was the first dinosaur to be digitized during production. The Gallimimus design was based on ostriches, and the animators also referred to footage of herding gazelles . In the ILM parking lot, animators were filmed running around to provide reference for the dinosaurs' run, with plastic pipes standing in for a fallen tree that the Gallimimus jump over. One of the animators fell while trying to make
53823-561: Was the first to gross $ 500 million overseas, surpassing the record $ 280 million overseas gross of E.T. In its first international release date in Brazil, it also set an opening weekend record with a gross of $ 1,738,198 from 141 screens. It went on to break further opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France. In Japan, Jurassic Park grossed $ 8.4 million from 237 screens in two days (including previews). In
54056-482: Was then fitted over the robotic models, forming the exterior appearance. Up to 20 puppeteers were required to operate some of the dinosaurs. After filming concluded, most of the animatronics were disassembled. For certain scenes, Spielberg had considered using go motion dinosaurs created by visual-effects artist Phil Tippett . Spielberg was disappointed with the results and opted for ILM's digital dinosaurs instead, although Tippett and his team of animators remained with
54289-445: Was used to spit the venom, which was a mixture of methyl cellulose , K-Y Jelly , and purple food coloring. The film's idea of a neck frill came from a suggestion by concept artist John Gurche. The animatronic was made to support three interchangeable heads, depending on the position of the frill. The dinosaur's vocal sounds are a combination of a swan , a hawk , a howler monkey , and a rattlesnake . Spielberg initially believed that
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