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70-465: İTÜ is ranked 95th worldwide (1st nationwide) in the field of "Engineering & Technology", and 275th worldwide (2nd nationwide) in the field of "Natural Sciences" by the QS World University Rankings in 2024. The university has 92 undergraduate programs and 188 graduate programs in 14 faculties, 277,160 m of laboratory space, and 12 research centers. Acceptance to the university is competitive, and entrance to most of its departments require scoring among

140-420: A citation database to calculate some of its indicators. The use of these citations databases have been criticised, since they do not include research output from the humanities and social sciences to the same degree as the natural sciences, engineering and medicine. It has also been pointed out that the indicator 'faculty/student ratio' does not measure commitment to teaching, but rather research intensity, since

210-553: A famously problematic factor to measure. University standing here is of special interest to potential students, and acknowledging this was the impetus behind the inaugural QS Graduate Employability Rankings, published in November 2015. However, these rankings were subsequently discontinued in 2021, with its data rolled into the QS World University Rankings methodology. The final 10% of a university's score

280-582: A feedback loop. Concerns also exist regarding the global consistency and integrity of the data used to generate the QS rankings. The development and production of the rankings is overseen by QS Senior Vice President Ben Sowter, who in 2016 was ranked 40th in Wonkhe's Higher Education Power List, a list of what the organisation believed to be the 50 most influential figures in British higher education value. QS

350-464: A five-year period is divided by the number of academics in a university to yield the score for this measure, which accounts for 20% of a university's score in the rankings. QS has explained that it uses this approach, rather than the citations per paper preferred for in other rankings systems because it reduces the impact of biomedical science on the overall picture – biomedicine has a ferocious " publish or perish " culture. Instead, QS attempts to measure

420-702: A global presence with offices in Europe, Asia, and the Americas and provides products and services related to student recruitment, events, and consulting services. In 2022, the firm's founder, Nunzio Quacquarelli, was appointed as the company's president. Jessica Turner serves as the company's chief executive officer, responsible for the firm's operations and strategy. The QS World University Rankings are released annually, typically in June. The 2023 edition featured 1418 institutions across 100 locations. The rankings are based on

490-529: A higher education analytics firm. Its first and earliest edition was published in collaboration with Times Higher Education ( THE ) magazine as Times Higher Education –QS World University Rankings , inaugurated in 2004 to provide an independent source of comparative data about university performance. In 2009, the two organizations parted ways to produce independent university rankings, the QS World University Rankings and THE World University Rankings. QS's rankings portfolio has since been expanded to consist of

560-515: A large share of the faculty typically spends most or all of their time doing research rather than teaching. Since the split from Times Higher Education in 2009, further concerns about the methodology QS uses for its rankings have been brought up by several experts. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ABET (pronounced A-bet) , formerly known as the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. ,

630-550: A leading role in the modernization movement of the Ottoman Empire , but has also maintained its leadership position in the changes and innovations taking place in the construction, industrialization, and technological realms during the modern days of the Turkish Republic. Engineers and architects trained at Istanbul Technical University have played significant roles in the construction of Turkey. Alumni also played

700-430: A methodology that considers a range of factors, including academic reputation, employer reputation, research impact, and internationalization. The methodology is reviewed annually to ensure that it remains relevant and up-to-date. The most recent methodology used by QS to calculate the rankings includes the following indicators: Accounting for 40% of the overall score, academic reputation relates to academic excellence and

770-674: A number of outlets, including The Guardian in the United Kingdom and Chosun Ilbo in South Korea . The first rankings produced by QS independently of THE , and using QS's methodology, were released in September 2010; the second rankings were released a year later, in September 2011. QS designed its rankings to assess performance according to what it believes to be key aspects of a university's mission: teaching, research, nurturing employability, and internationalisation. QS has

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840-457: A program devoted to the training of architects. The scope and name of the school were extended and changed again in 1883, and in 1909 the school became a public engineering school which was aimed at training civil engineers who could provide the infrastructure for the rapidly developing country. By 1928 the institution had gained formal recognition as a university of engineering which provided education in both engineering and architecture. In 1944

910-410: A self-study report documenting how well the program is meeting established accreditation criteria. The appropriate ABET commission appoints a team chair to lead the on-campus evaluation visit. The team chair and program evaluators (typically one per program requesting accreditation) are made up of volunteers from academia, government, industry, and private practice. During the visit to the institution,

980-824: A significant role in Turkish politics. The structure of faculties, except the Faculty of Science and Letters, at ITU is comparable to those of "schools" in the U.S. institutions, where each faculty is composed of two or more departments in line with a comprehensive engineering field. For example, the Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering consists of the departments of electrical engineering , robotics and autonomous systems engineering , electronics and communication engineering . ITU-TRNC Education and Research Campuses There are several Research Groups in ITU , including: Planned Research Center Projects: Finally, ITU also has

1050-678: A stadium with a seating capacity of 3500 for basketball and volleyball matches. A fitness center is also located there. Basketball matches are among the most important sports activities in ITU. The ITU basketball Team, which won the Turkish Basketball League Championship five times, currently plays in the Turkish Basketball League's Second Division (TB2L). Ayazağa Gymnasium is the home of the ITU Basketball Team. Despite

1120-649: Is a non-governmental accreditation organization for post-secondary programs in engineering, engineering technology, computing, and applied and natural sciences. As of October 2023, ABET had accredited 4,674 programs across 920 organizations in 42 countries. ABET also accredits online educational programs. In 1932, ABET was established as the American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD). The organization evaluated its first engineering program in 1936, and by 1947, 580 programs had been accredited across 133 institutions. In 1980,

1190-430: Is a conference where students participate as United Nations delegates. Participants research and formulate political positions based on the actual policies of the countries they represent. ITU dormitories have a capacity of 3,000 students. They include Lakeside Housings, IMKB Dormitory, Verda Urundul, Ayazaga Dormitory and Gumussuyu dormitory. Additional dormitories are planned. Radio ITU (or Technical University Radio )

1260-440: Is a limited metric, particularly in the face of modern enhancements in online teaching methods and content distribution. Citations of published research are among the most widely used inputs to national and global university rankings. The QS World University Rankings used citation data from Thomson (now Thomson Reuters) from 2004 to 2007, and since then has used data from  Scopus , part of Elsevier. The total number of citations for

1330-563: Is based on six indicators: In addition, QS produces two other annual MBA comparisons, the Online MBA Rankings and the Executive MBA Rankings. In September 2015, The Guardian referred to the QS World University Rankings as "the most authoritative of their kind". In September 2012, The Independent described the QS World University Rankings as being "widely recognised throughout higher education as

1400-721: Is certified by the International Organization for Standardization . ISO 9000 family of quality management systems standards is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product or service. To become a licensed professional engineer , one common prerequisite is graduation from an Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET-accredited program. Requirements for professional engineer testing for EAC accredited programs vary from state to state. The Engineering Credential Evaluation International (ECEI)

1470-544: Is derived from measures intended to capture their internationalization: half from their percentage of international students, and the other half from their percentage of international staff. This is of interest partly because it shows whether a university is putting effort into global collaboration and diversity, but also because it indicates global appeal for students and researchers around the world. QS recently began distinguishing between International Faculty Ratio and International Student Ratio', both of which account for 5% of

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1540-477: Is in their greatest interest to rank their own institution more highly than others. This means the results of the survey and any apparent change in ranking are highly questionable, and that a high ranking has no real intrinsic value in any case. We are vehemently opposed to the evaluation of the University according to the outcome of such PR competitions. Like many other international university rankings, QS uses

1610-567: Is initiated by the institution seeking accreditation. Accreditation is given to individual programs rather than to the institution as a whole. Re-evaluation is required every six years. Programs with no previous accreditation can request accreditation if they have produced at least one program graduate. Each program is assigned to one of four accreditation commissions within ABET based on the title. Each commission has different accreditation criteria: Programs conduct an internal evaluation and complete

1680-666: Is located at the Energy Institute. Since the foundation in 2003 Arı Technopolis , which is located at the Ayazağa Campus, provides companies with research, technology development and production opportunities at the university, in cooperation with the researchers and academicians. The technopolis have two buildings:Arı-1 and Arı-2. Arı-3 building in Maslak and another building in Floria are announced to build. Arı Technopolis has

1750-443: Is obtained using another survey, like Academic Reputation, and accounts for 15% of an institution's overall score. The most recent edition surveyed some 99,000 employers at companies and organisations that hire graduates on a significant or global scale. This survey was introduced in 2005 in the belief that employers track graduate quality, making this a barometer of teaching quality and the level of work readiness acquired by students,

1820-659: Is the Tuzla Campus. It serves the Maritime Faculty students and faculty members. It is located in the Tuzla district of Istanbul , which is a dockyard area. The three urban campuses are near to one another and are situated close to Taksim Square . Taşkışla campus is where the Faculty of Architecture is located. The Taşkışla building is one of the most renowned historical buildings in Istanbul. It dates backs to

1890-592: Is the first university radio station in Turkey . Radio ITU is located in the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering building on Maslak campus . ITU Stadium is one of the most popular locations in Istanbul for concerts and such those performances. For instance, Metallica (in 2014), Justin Timberlake (in 2014), and Roger Waters (in 2013) gave concerts at the ITU stadium. Lady Gaga also performed at

1960-793: Is weighted to account for 20% of the final citations score. QS has conceded the presence of some data-collection errors regarding citations per faculty in previous years' rankings. One concern is the differences between the Scopus and Thomson Reuters databases. For major world universities, the two systems capture largely the same publications and citations. For less prominent institutions, Scopus has more non-English language and smaller-circulation journals in its database leading some critics to suggest that citation averages are skewed towards English-speaking universities. This area has been criticized for undermining universities that do not use English as their primary language. QS's Employer Reputation indicator

2030-543: The Ottoman era and was used as military barracks . Gümuşsuyu (Mechanical Engineering Faculty) and Maçka (Management Faculty) campuses are also among the important historical buildings of Istanbul. The Famagusta campus at Northern Cyprus is currently the first and only campus that hosts the ITU-TRNC Education and Research Campuses faculty. ITU's nuclear reactor of Triga Mark-2 is in the Maslak campus. It

2100-649: The Ottoman Navy . In 1795 the Imperial School of Military Engineering ( Ottoman Turkish : Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyun ) was established in the nearby Hasköy quarter on the Golden Horn, and the scope of the school was broadened to train technical military staff for the modernization of the Ottoman Army . In 1845 the engineering function of the school was further widened with the addition of

2170-474: The 49% of export among technopolises in Turkey. NHPCC , is located in the Ayazağa Campus. It is the national center for high performance computing. The super computer of this center was one of the world's top 500 list super computers (240th). Having a suburban campus like Maslak has created the opportunity of building many sports areas. Ayazağa Gymnasium is the center of sports in ITU. Ayazağa Gymnasium also has

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2240-698: The ECPD changed its name to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. In 1985, the organization helped establish the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board ( CSAB ), one of ABET's largest member societies with over 300 programs. ABET began operating and doing business solely under their acronym in 2005, using “Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.” as their corporate name only when required by law. The request for ABET accreditation

2310-515: The English proficiency exam is one of the prerequisites to register the Bachelor, Master, or Doctorate level courses at ITU. Instruction is both in English and Turkish (roughly 30% and 70%, respectively or 100% in English for some disciplines). Master and Doctorate courses are mostly held in English. ITU is highly reputable institution in the area of engineering sciences within the Europe. Therefore,

2380-607: The Local Board of European Students of Technology Group which had 40 members in 2007. Despite all these, it can still be a little quiet in the campus from time to time because students can choose the city of Istanbul over the campus life. Model United Nations Society of ITU is one of the most active student clubs in the University. Participating in MUN conferences regularly, both domestic and international, MUN society offers an opportunity for personal development. Model United Nations

2450-862: The QS World University Rankings, the QS World University Rankings by Subject, four regional rankings tables (including Asia , Latin America , Europe , Central Asia , and the Arab Region ), several MBA rankings, and the QS Best Student Cities rankings. In 2022, QS launched the QS World University Rankings: Sustainability, and in 2023, it launched the QS World University Rankings: Europe. The rankings are intended to reflect and articulate university performance for

2520-783: The QS World University Rankings: Europe. The table showcased 688 institutions from 42 member countries of the Council of Europe. Typically, QS's first rankings release of the year is the QS World University Rankings by Subject which are usually published in March or April. The rankings provide a detailed evaluation of universities based on their performance in more than 50 specific academic disciplines (Business, Mathematics, Medicine, Law, among others), as well as their performance in five broad faculty areas (Arts & Humanities, Engineering & Technology, Life Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences). The QS World University Rankings by Subject

2590-845: The Unilig (Turkish University Sports Leagues) Super League of American football in the 2013-2014 season and in 2014-2015 season. Other sports clubs/activities in ITU are: Badminton, ultimate, fencing, diving, winter sports, dancing and gymnastics, tennis, paintball, aikido, athletics, mountaineering, bridge, swimming, cycling and triathlon, skiing, parachuting, korfball, handball, iaido, capoeira, wrestling, archery, ultimate frisbee and sailing. ITU offers many options to students who like doing extra-curricular work during their studying years. The most popular ones are Rock Club, Cinema Club, Model United Nations, EPGIK, International Engineering Club. Also ITU has an option for those who like to organise events and socialise with people from various European countries in

2660-545: The United Nations' M49 Standard. First published in 2015, QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia Rankings included universities from mostly Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with Russia's  Lomonosov Moscow State University  in the top spot since its first publication. These rankings were discontinued in 2022. The QS World University Rankings: Latin America were launched in 2011. The 2024 edition expanded these rankings to include Caribbean universities. In 2023, QS launched

2730-786: The best MBA programmes worldwide, based on factors such as reputation, employability, and course content. The QS Global MBA Rankings is now an annual publication released alongside its sister rankings, the QS Business Master's Rankings and until 2023 the QS MBA by Career Specialisation Rankings (discontinued) These lists the world's best master's programmes for business-related subjects and MBAs for specific career options including Finance, Business Management, Business Analytics, Marketing and Supply Chain Management. Currently, QS's methodology for ranking MBAs and business master's degrees

2800-590: The density of research-active staff at each institution, but issues remain about the use of citations in ranking systems, especially the fact that the arts and humanities generate comparatively few citations. Since 2015, QS has made methodological enhancements designed to remove the advantage institutions specializing in the Natural Sciences or Medicine previously received. This enhancement is termed faculty area normalization and ensures that an institution's citations count in each of QS's five key Faculty Areas

2870-403: The evaluation team reviews program course materials and interacts with students and faculty, culminating in an exit interview with the dean. Following the team's visit, the institution is given 7 days to address any topics communicated during the exit interview. ABET provides an evaluation statement to the institution, who is given 30 more days to respond to any additional issues. ABET specifies

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2940-614: The finance ministry of the United Kingdom. Amongst its recommendations were world university rankings, which Lambert said would help the UK gauge the global standing of its universities. Between 2004 and 2009, QS produced the rankings in partnership with THE . In 2009, THE announced they would produce their own rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , in partnership with Thomson Reuters . THE cited an asserted weakness in

3010-423: The following departments / educational institutes that are not tied to any of the faculties, but serve as independent departments. These include 26 engineering departments of ITU are accredited by Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Also ITU's Faculty of Architecture is accredited by NAAB and the Faculty of Maritime is accredited by IMO . Minimum score of 72 from TOEFL IBT, or success in

3080-473: The growing importance of sustainability in higher education and society at large. The rankings are compiled using data collected through surveys as well as external sources such as the World Bank and the United Nations to provide a resource for students, academics and policymakers to assess universities' sustainability performance and identify best practices for achieving sustainability goals. The rank of

3150-446: The inputs (what material is taught) and to the outputs (what students learned). EC2000 stresses continuous improvement and accounts for specific missions and goals of the individual institutions and programs. The intention of this approach was to enable innovation in engineering programs rather than forcing all programs to conform to a standard, as well as to encourage new assessment processes and program improvements. ABET Accreditation

3220-405: The major elements that accredited engineering programs must have, including the program curricula, the faculty type and the facilities. However, in the mid-1990s, the engineering community began to question the appropriateness of such rigid accreditation requirements. After intense discussion, in 1997, ABET adopted Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC2000). The EC2000 criteria shifted the focus away from

3290-444: The methodology of the original rankings, as well as a perceived favoritism in the existing methodology for science over the humanities, as two of the key reasons for the decision to split with QS. THE created a new methodology with Thomson Reuters, and published the first Times Higher Education World University Rankings in September 2010. QS publishes the rankings results in the world's media and has entered into partnerships with

3360-499: The minimum curriculum requirements for various engineering programs, including a capstone project and a design class. Because of the organization's involvement, engineering curricula are somewhat standardized across the bachelor's level. ABET is a federation of the following professional and technical member societies representing the fields of applied science, computing, engineering and engineering technology: For most of its history, ABET's accreditation criteria specifically outlined

3430-504: The most important areas of Istanbul and one is located in Famagusta . Among ITU's six campuses, the main campus of Maslak , in Sarıyer , is a suburban campus, covering a total area of 1.600.000 m². The University Rectorate, swimming pool, stadium, along with most of the faculties, student residence halls and the central library of ITU are located there. Another suburban campus of ITU

3500-666: The most trusted international tables". In September 2016, Angel Calderon, principal advisor for planning and research at RMIT University and a member of the QS Advisory Board, said, "QS Latin American University Rankings has [sic] become the annual international benchmark universities use to ascertain their relative standing in the region". He further stated that the 2016/17 edition of this ranking demonstrated improved stability. The reputation surveys have received severe criticism. QS do not reveal

3570-479: The name of the institution was changed to Istanbul Technical University and in 1946 the institution became an autonomous university with architecture , civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering faculties. With its long history of 251 years, its modern teaching environment, and well-qualified teaching staff, Istanbul Technical University today is the personification of engineering and architectural education in Turkey. Istanbul Technical University not only played

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3640-556: The next academic year. Therefore, they are usually named for the year following that in which they are produced. The rankings are regarded as one of the most-widely read university rankings in the world, along with Academic Ranking of World Universities and Times Higher Education World University Rankings . According to Alexa Internet , it is the most widely viewed university ranking worldwide. The ranking has been criticized for its overreliance on subjective indicators and reputation surveys, which tend to fluctuate over time and form

3710-541: The overall score. Some people have expressed concern about the manner in which the academic reputation survey has been carried out. In a report, Peter Wills from the University of Auckland wrote of the THE -QS World University Rankings: But we note also that this survey establishes its rankings by appealing to university staff, even offering financial enticements to participate (see Appendix II). Staff are likely to feel it

3780-517: The response rates for the survey, but statements from QS indicate that they are very low (2–8 %), which would make the results highly unreliable. Other commentators have pointed at the low validity of the survey, since few people know much about the quality of teaching and research at other institutions but their own. However, the issues extend beyond survey methodology. The QS World University Rankings have been criticised by many for placing too much emphasis on reputation, which receives 50% of

3850-809: The same academic year. First published in 2014, the annual QS Arab Region University Rankings highlights leading universities in the Arab Region. The methodology for this ranking has been developed to reflect specific challenges and priorities for institutions in the region, drawing on 10 indicators. In 2009, QS launched the QS World University Rankings: Asia in partnership with  The Chosun Ilbo newspaper in Korea to rank universities in Asia independently. The 15th edition, released in 2022, ranked 760 universities, with inclusion based on

3920-558: The same methodological indicators tend to be used for the regional rankings, the weightings are modified and additional lenses are included to account for the unique characteristics of each region. Additional metrics include incoming and outgoing exchange students, academic staff with a PhD, and web visibility. Accordingly, the performance of institutions within their respective regional rankings can differ significantly from the QS World University Rankings released in

3990-626: The scholarly esteem in which the world's universities are held. It collates more than 150,000 responses from academics in more than 140 countries and locations. QS has previously published the job titles and geographical distribution of the participants in this survey. This indicator accounts for 15% of a university's score in the rankings. It is a classic measure used in various ranking systems as an indication of staff resources afforded to students, including teaching capacity, class size, curriculum development, lab and seminar delivery, pastoral care, teaching capacity and class size. QS has admitted that it

4060-490: The stadium on September 16, 2014 to a sold-out crowd of 25,157 people as part of her artRAVE: The ARTPOP Ball . Many of the graduates take role in the development of Turkey, with many of them playing significant roles in constructing bridges, roads and buildings. For instance, Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda are architects of Anıtkabir . Süleyman Demirel (civil engineer) and Turgut Özal (electrical engineer) are

4130-564: The successes in basketball, the football team of ITU plays in the amateur league. A football stadium is also located in Ayazağa, where the football team plays its matches. Tennis courts and an indoor Olympic swimming pool, which is opened in May 2007, are also available in the Ayazaga Campus. An open-air swimming pool serves the ITU faculties. ITU's American football team ITU Hornets has won

4200-558: The top 1% of nearly 3 million applicants at the national university entrance examination known as "YKS" every year. Graduates of ITU have received many TUBITAK science and TUBA awards. Numerous graduates have also become members of the academy of sciences in the United States, Britain and Russia. The university's basketball team, İTÜ BK , is in the Turkish Basketball Super League . Considered as

4270-416: The top 250 in "Engineering - Chemical", "Architecture & Built Environment", "Computer Science and Information Systems", "Material Sciences", within the top 300 in "Environmental Sciences", "Mathematics", "Business and Management", "Chemistry", and within the top 450 in "Physics and Astronomy", "Economics and Econometrics. ITU is a public (state) university. It has six campuses, five of which are located in

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4340-451: The total weightage. While the former evaluates the ratio of international faculty staff to overall staff, the latter assumes that Institutions that have a large number of international students should have better networking, cultural exchanges, a more diverse learning experience and alumni diversity. Beginning with its 2024 rankings, QS implemented three new indicators to reflect the shifts in higher education, each of which accounts for 5% of

4410-493: The total weightage: In addition to the World University Rankings, QS produces four regional rankings, including the Arab Region, Asia, Emerging Europe and Central Asia (discontinued), and Latin America. In 2023, QS launched the QS World University Rankings: Europe. These editions include an expanded roster of ranked universities for each region than those featured in the QS World University Rankings. While

4480-531: The two former presidents of Turkey. Necmettin Erbakan (mechanical engineer) and Binali Yıldırım (naval architecture and ocean engineering) were former prime ministers of Turkey. 41°06′18″N 29°01′30″E  /  41.10500°N 29.02500°E  / 41.10500; 29.02500 QS World University Rankings The QS World University Rankings is a portfolio of comparative college and university rankings compiled by Quacquarelli Symonds ,

4550-403: The universities featured is determined by the sum of their scores in two categories: Environmental Impact and Social Impact, which are subdivided into eight indicators. These include: Over the last three decades, QS has expanded its rankings portfolio to include business schools, MBAs and business master's degrees. It launched QS Global MBA Rankings to provide students with a comprehensive list of

4620-721: The university provides a broad range of options, that involve highly reputable institutions, to its students for the Erasmus Mobility. Istanbul Technical University is consistently featured as one of the highest-ranked universities in Turkey. In the QS World University Rankings 2023, ITU is ranked within the top 150 universities in the subject areas "Engineering - Petroleum", "Engineering - Mineral & Mining", "Engineering - Civil and Structural", "Engineering - Electrical and Electronics", "Engineering - Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing", within

4690-401: The world based on their appeal and benefits to students who study there. Launched in 2012, the rankings are based on a range of indicators that are designed to capture the experience of students living and studying in a particular city. The methodology for QS Best Student Cities is based on five indicators: In 2022, QS launched the QS World University Rankings: Sustainability in response to

4760-642: The world's third institution of higher learning specifically dedicated to engineering education, Istanbul Technical University (ITU) has a long and distinguished history. ITU was founded in 1773 by Sultan Mustafa III , as an important institution in the Nizam-ı Cedid reforms, as the Imperial School of Naval Engineering ( Mühendishâne-i Bahrî-i Hümâyun ), in the Kasımpaşa quarter on the Golden Horn , originally dedicated to train ship builders and cartographers for

4830-601: Was first introduced in 2011 and initially covered only five subject areas. Since then, the number of subjects has increased more than tenfold and is now considered one of the most comprehensive subject-focused rankings. Way before 2024 updates of core indicators used in the World University Rankings, the QS World University Rankings by Subject was already using International Research Network. In addition, Rankings by Subject also use H-Index, which assesses research productivity and impact within specific fields. The QS Best Student Cities rankings are an annual comparison of cities around

4900-693: Was founded by Nunzio Quacquarelli in 1990 to provide information and advice to students looking to study abroad. Since then, the company expanded to include a wider range of higher education-focused products and services before partnering with THE in 2004 to create the THE –QS World University Rankings. A perceived need for an international ranking of universities was highlighted in December 2003 in Richard Lambert 's review of university-industry collaboration in Great Britain for HM Treasury ,

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