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62-690: Many of the teams are based in the northern Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, which has historically been the hotbed of baseball in the country; a team from the Republic of San Marino also plays in Serie A. Like most professional sports leagues in Europe, and unlike professional baseball leagues in North America and Asia, the IBL uses a promotion and relegation system; the bottom five clubs are relegated to

124-471: A -29.2% loss in holdings for the region. The total utilised agricultural area (UAA) was 1,114,590 hectares (2,754,200 acres) in 2000 and 1,064,210 hectares (2,629,700 acres) in 2014 for a loss of 4.5%, indicating a downturn of smaller farm ownership. During this same timeframe there was a 14.5% decrease in the farm labor workforce. The Regional Government ( Giunta Regionale ) is presided by the President of

186-428: A 75% stake in the company to BBC Worldwide , worth an estimated £63 million at the time. The company was publishing 500 titles and ventured into television production. BBC Worldwide struggled following the acquisition, registering a £3.2 million loss in the year to the end of March 2009. By the end of March 2010, profits of £1.9 million had been generated, as digital revenues had risen 37% year-on-year over

248-530: A former co-founder and CEO of Refinery29 , was named head of the company. In 2022, Lonely Planet bought Elsewhere, a website that links travellers directly with experts who assist in designing trips. In 2024, Lonely Planet announced that it withdrew from the market in China and ceased publishing travel guides in simplified Chinese. Lonely Planet's online community, the Thorn Tree, was created in 1996. It

310-550: A native of Bologna, shot numerous movies in the region, including the 1976 horror-thriller The House with Laughing Windows . Marco Bellocchio , a native of Bobbio, near Piacenza, directed many award-winning movies, such as his 2009 biopic Vincere . Liliana Cavani, a native of Carpi, near Modena, became internationally known after the success of her 1974 feature film The Night Porter . In addition, actor and filmmaker Vittorio De Sica shot in Ferrara his 1970 movie The Garden of

372-705: A non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. The unemployment rate stood at 5.1% in 2022 and was lower than the national average of 8.1%. The region of Emilia-Romagna has a very good system of transport, with 574 km of motorways, 1,053 km of railways and airports in Bologna, Forlì, Parma and Rimini. The main motorway crosses

434-416: A very well balanced economy that comprises Italy's biggest agricultural sector as well as a long-standing tradition in automobile, motor and mechanics manufacturing and a strong banking and insurance industry. In spite of the depth and variety of industrial activities in the region, agriculture has not been eclipsed. Emilia-Romagna is among the leading regions in the country, with farming contributing 5.8% of

496-528: Is a chemical industrial park  [ it ] in Ferrara , where different companies manufacturing polyethylene , polypropylene , synthetic rubber and nitrogenous fertilizers . Other industrial park is Mirandola Biomedical District . In Parma there is pharmaceutical manufacturing from Chiesi Farmaceutici . Sport and fitness articles is manufacturing by Technogym in Cesena . The ceramic sector

558-472: Is also densely populated due to the booming seaside tourism in recent decades. In the peripheral areas of the Apennine Mountains and the agricultural plains around Ferrara and Piacenza, the population is less dense. The region has nine cities with populations exceeding one hundred thousand: Bologna, Parma, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Ravenna, Rimini, Ferrara, Forlì and Piacenza. These cities rank among

620-466: Is an administrative region of northern Italy , comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna . Its capital is Bologna . It has an area of 22,446 km (8,666 sq mi), and a population of 4.4 million. Emilia-Romagna is one of the wealthiest and most developed regions in Europe, with the third highest gross domestic product per capita in Italy. It is also a cultural center, being

682-627: Is concentrated in Faenza and Sassuolo . Footwear industry is well developed and located in 2 industrial districts San Mauro Pascoli and between Fusignano and Bagnacavallo . Tourism is increasingly important, especially along the Adriatic coastline and the cities of art. The most popular location for seaside tourism is Rimini . Emilia-Romagna has many small and picturesque villages, 16 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ),

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744-580: Is included in the wider group of western Romance languages (including French , Occitan and Catalan ). They are considered minority languages, structurally separated from Italian by the Ethnologue and by the Red Book of Endangered Languages of UNESCO . Emilia-Romagna today is considered one of the richest European regions and the third wealthiest Italian region by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. These results have been achieved by developing

806-442: Is known for its egg and filled pasta made with soft wheat flour. Bologna is notable for pasta dishes like tortellini , lasagne , gramigna and tagliatelle made by sfoglini out of sfoglia . These are found also in many other parts of the region in different declinations. The Romagna subregion is known as well for pasta dishes like garganelli , strozzapreti , sfoglia lorda and tortelli alla lastra . In

868-565: Is named for a Naivasha thorn tree ( Acacia xanthophloea ) that has been used as a message board for the city of Nairobi , Kenya since 1902. The tree still exists in the Stanley Hotel, Nairobi . In April 2020, the forum was locked and left in read-only mode as part of Lonely Planet temporarily halting business in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . In September 2021, the Thorn Tree was shut down. In 2009, Lonely Planet began publishing

930-646: Is now covered (apart from the Mesóla forest in Province of Ferrara ) with fruit orchards and fields of wheat and sugar beet , the Pubescent oak - European hop-hornbeam belt on the lower slopes up to 800–900 m, the European beech - Silver fir belt between 800–900 m and 1,700 m and the final mountain heath belt above 1,700–1,800 m. Emilia-Romagna has two Italian National Parks,

992-628: Is particularly concentrated in Parma , Modena and Bologna . Very important is production of Parma ham , Parmesan and Grana Padano cheeses, Modena balsamic vinegar , and Mortadella sausages. It is not restricted to these famous products, but also include production of sausages, other cheese, dairy products, coffee, sugar, fruit and vegetable conserves and stuffed pasta . Automotive industry produces sports cars ( Ferrari , Lamborghini , Maserati , Pagani ), trucks ( Astra ), buses ( Menarinibus ) and motorcycles ( Ducati , Bimota ). Machine building

1054-601: Is produced in Reggio Emilia, Parma, Modena and Bologna and is much used in cooking, while Grana Padano variety is produced in the rest of the region. Lonely Planet Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher. Founded in Australia in 1973, the company has printed over 150 million books. Lonely Planet was founded by married couple Maureen and Tony Wheeler . In 1972, they embarked on an overland trip through Europe and Asia to Australia, following

1116-529: Is well-developed and represented with fork-lifts ( OM Still , FMTH Fantuzzi), skid-steer loader ( CNH Industrial ), tractors ( Argo , Goldoni , Arbos ), motors ( VM Motori , Lombardini ), vehicle gas-fuel equipment ( Landi Renzo ), undercarriages ( ThyssenKrupp Berco ), ceramic machine ( SACMI ), packaging machine ( Coesia  [ it ] , SACMI , IMA ), pumps ( Interpump ), wood-working machine tools (SCM Group), home appliance ( Smeg , Saeco ), automatic data capture equipment ( Datalogic ) etc. There

1178-514: The Apennines is marked by areas of flysch , badland erosion ( calanques ) and caves . The mountains stretch for more than 300 km (186.41 mi) from the north to the south-east, with only three peaks above 2,000 m – Monte Cimone (2,165 m), Monte Cusna (2,121 m) and Alpe di Succiso (2,017 m). The plain was formed by the gradual retreat of the sea from the Po basin and by

1240-585: The Emilia subregion, except Piacenza which is heavily influenced by the cuisines of Lombardia where rice is more common, rice is eaten to a lesser extent. Polenta , a maize-based dish, is common both in Emilia and Romagna. The celebrated balsamic vinegar is made only in the Emilian cities of Modena and Reggio Emilia , following legally binding traditional procedures. Parmigiano Reggiano (Parmesan Cheese)

1302-629: The Foreste Casentinesi National Park and the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park . Emilia-Romagna has been a highly populated area since ancient times. Inhabitants over the centuries have radically altered the landscape , building cities, reclaiming wetlands, and establishing large agricultural areas. All these transformations in past centuries changed the aspect of the region, converting large natural areas to cultivation, up until

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1364-607: The Popes of Rome , the Farnese of Parma and Piacenza, and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio , jostled for power and influence. The House of Este gained a notable profile for its political and military might and its patronage of the arts: it left behind a vast heritage of splendid Renaissance palaces, precious paintings and literary masterpieces, such as the works of Ludovico Ariosto , Torquato Tasso and Matteo Maria Boiardo . Following

1426-594: The Serie B minor league. Winners of the league are awarded a scudetto , and earn the right to represent Italy in the European Champions Cup . Until 2010, the IBL featured a promotion-and-relegation league format that demoted the last place finisher to the minor leagues (Series A2), while the Serie A2 (baseball) champion would be promoted into the IBL. This was changed in late 2009, when FIBS approved

1488-733: The United Kingdom and Brazil . As of 2008 , the Italian National Institute of Statistics ( ISTAT ) estimated that 365,687 foreign-born immigrants lived in Emilia-Romagna, equal to 8.5% of the total regional population. Apart from standard Italian , Emilian and Romagnolo , two closely related languages that are part of the Emiliano-Romagnolo language family , are the local languages of Emilia-Romagna. They are Romance languages spoken in

1550-636: The 1960s. The trend then changed, and agricultural lands began giving way to residential and industrial areas. The increase of urban-industrial areas continued at very high rates until the end of the 2010s. In the same period, hilly and mountainous areas saw an increase in the registration of semi-natural areas, because of the abandonment of agricultural lands. Land use changes can have strong effects on ecological functions. Human interactions such as agriculture, forestation and deforestation affect soil function , e.g. food and other biomass production, storing, filtering and transformation, habitat and gene pool. In

1612-458: The 50 most populous in Italy. The regional capital, Bologna, has about 400,000 inhabitants and lies at the heart of a metropolitan area of about one million residents. Between 1876 and 1976, about 1.2 million people emigrated from Emilia-Romagna to other countries. As of 2008 , there were 119,369 people from this region living outside Italy, particularly in Argentina , Switzerland , France ,

1674-715: The 6th to 8th centuries, the region of Romagna was under Byzantine rule and Ravenna was the capital of the Exarchate of Italy within the Eastern Roman Empire. In the 8th century, this region became a province of the Papal States when Pepin, the father of Charlemagne, donated the land to the Pope in 754. During the 10th century, northern Italy became part of the Holy Roman Empire under the control of

1736-652: The Cheap: A Complete Guide to Making the Overland Trip , published in 1975. The Lonely Planet guide book series initially expanded to cover other countries in Asia, with the India guide book in 1981, and expanded to rest of the world later on. Geoff Crowther was renowned for frequently inserting his opinions into the text of the guides he wrote. His writing was instrumental to the rise of Lonely Planet. The journalist used

1798-421: The Emilia-Romagna plain, which represents half of the region and where three quarters of the population of the region live, the agricultural land area has been reduced by 157 km while urban and industrial areas have increased to over 130 km between 2003 and 2008. The impact of land use and particularly of the urbanisation of the Emilia-Romagna plain during this period has had some strong consequences in

1860-567: The Finzi-Continis . Other actors from Emilia-Romagna include Gino Cervi , who played Peppone in the Don Camillo 1950s–1960s movie series; Rossano Brazzi , who acted in numerous English-language films, including the 1954 drama film The Barefoot Contessa ; and the 1980s comedy duo Gigi e Andrea . Emilia-Romagna is considered one of the richest regions of Italy with regard to its gastronomic and wine-making tradition. The region

1922-746: The Germanic leader Otto I. The Holy Roman emperors had varying degrees of control over northern Italy until the close of the Middle Ages. In the 12th century, the papacy extended its political influence and city states began to form in opposition to the Holy Roman emperors. The northern cities, supported by the Pope, formed the Lombard League and reduced the influence of the ruling Hohenstaufen dynasty over their lands. Division between imperial partisans and their opponents created factions called

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1984-676: The Guelphs and the Ghibelines which would divide the cities for centuries. For the next few centuries both Emilia and Romagna were ruled by papal legates or representatives of the Pope. The University of Bologna —the oldest university in the world, established in AD 1088—and its bustling towns kept trade and intellectual life alive. Local nobility like the Este of Ferrara, the Malatesta of Rimini,

2046-480: The Italian "Red Quadrilateral" or sometimes " Red Belt " called with Tuscany , Umbria and Marche . This is probably due to the strength of the anti-fascist resistance around the time of World War II as well as a strong tradition of anti-clericalism dating from the 19th century, when part of the region belonged to the Papal States . The strength of the anti-fascist resistance is one of the main factors, along with

2108-723: The Region ( Presidente della Regione ), who is elected for a five-year term. The Regional Government is composed of the President and the Ministers ( Assessori ), of which there are currently twelve including the Vice President and the Under-Secretary for the President's office. Apart from the province of Piacenza , Emilia-Romagna was historically a stronghold of the Italian Communist Party , forming

2170-609: The best place to see in Europe. The name Emilia-Romagna is a legacy of Ancient Rome . Emilia derives from the via Aemilia , the Roman road connecting Piacenza to Rimini , completed in 187 BC, and named after the consul Marcus Aemilius Lepidus . Romagna derives from Romània , the name of the Eastern Roman Empire applied to Ravenna by the Lombards when the western Empire had ceased to exist and Ravenna

2232-512: The company and in March 2013 confirmed the sale of Lonely Planet to Brad Kelley 's NC2 Media for US$ 77.8 million (£51.5 million), at nearly an £80 million (US$ 118.89 million) loss. In December 2020, NC2 Media sold Lonely Planet to Red Ventures for an undisclosed amount. Lonely Planet offices continue to operate in Dublin , Nashville and New Delhi . Phillippe von Borries,

2294-650: The decision to introduce a fixed-team franchise format (similar to that found in Major League Baseball ) starting with the 2010 season. However, in 2018, the promotion-and-relegation system was reintroduced. In 2021, the Italian Baseball League was rebranded as Serie A, bringing together the previous eight-team Serie A1 and the second-tier Serie A2. The new league was structured into 33 participating teams in 8 divisions, or gironi ( lit. "groups"). The 8 gironi winners compete for

2356-445: The detritus deposited by the rivers. Almost entirely marshland in ancient times, its history is characterised by the hard work of its people to reclaim and reshape the land in order to achieve a better standard of living. The geology varies, with lagoons and saline areas in the north and many thermal springs throughout the rest of the region as a result of groundwater rising towards the surface at different periods of history. All

2418-496: The economic and ecological assessment of the region. The loss of arable land is equivalent to a permanent loss of the capacity to feed 440,000 persons per year from resources grown within the region. The increased water runoff due to soil sealing requires adaptation measures for river and irrigation canals such as the building of retention basins , at a total cost estimated in the order of billions of euros. In 2000 there were 103,700 farm holdings and in 2010 there were 73,470, or

2480-616: The effectiveness of trade-unionism, that led to the dominance of the PCI in the region. Emilia-Romagna has since World War II been a left-wing stronghold, nowadays led by the Democratic Party , since its creation in 2007. Emilia-Romagna is divided into nine provinces. Apart from the creation of the Metropolitan City of Bologna , plans to reduce the number of provinces from nine to four have been dropped. ISTAT estimates

2542-405: The first local product, the cultivation of fruit trees has developed (especially peaches, but also apricots, plums, apples and pears). Cattle and pig breeding are also highly developed. Farm cooperatives have been working along these lines in recent years. With their long tradition in the region there are now about 8,100 cooperatives, generally in the agricultural sector and mainly located in

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2604-548: The gross regional product. The agricultural sector has aimed for increased competitiveness by means of structural reorganisation and high-quality products, and this has led to the success of marketed brands. Cereals , potatoes , maize , tomatoes and onions are the most important products, along with fruit and grapes for the production of wine (of which the best known are Emilia's Lambrusco , Bologna's Pignoletto  [ it ] , Romagna's Sangiovese and white Albana ). Alongside cereals, which for centuries remained

2666-530: The home of the University of Bologna , the oldest university in the world. Some of its cities, such as Modena , Parma , Ferrara , and Ravenna , are UNESCO heritage sites. It is a center for food and automobile production (such as Ferrari , Lamborghini , and Maserati ). It has coastal resorts such as Cervia , Cesenatico , and Rimini . In 2018, the Lonely Planet guide named Emilia-Romagna as

2728-531: The league championship (the scudetto ), while the remaining 25 will fight to avoid being among the five relegated to Serie B. In 2023, the league size was reduced to 30 teams, divided into five gironi ; the top two in each group of the first phase ( prima fase ) advance to the poule scudetto (and then to the playoffs), while those not qualified fight to avoid relegation. As is the practice in Asian baseball leagues like Japan's NPB and South Korea's KBO , many of

2790-679: The official team names in the Serie A include the team's corporate sponsor — though unlike Asian baseball, a sponsorship name does not necessarily indicate ownership. Of the 33 teams participating in the 2023 Serie A season, ten qualified for the poule scudetto (the championship pool). The top eight teams in the poule scudetto qualify for the postseason. Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna ( UK : / ɪ ˌ m iː l i ə r oʊ ˈ m ɑː n j ə / , US : / eɪ ˌ -/ , both also / ɛ ˌ -/ , Italian: [eˈmiːlja roˈmaɲɲa] ; Emilian : Emégglia-Rumâgna or Emîlia-Rumâgna ; Romagnol : Emélia-Rumâgna )

2852-515: The population of Emilia-Romagna was 4,459,577 on 1 January 2019. The population density, which was equal to 200 inhabitants per km in 2019, is close to the national average. The population of this region is traditionally evenly distributed, with no dominant metropolis but rather a line of medium-sized cities along the Via Emilia , where two thirds of the population and the majority of the industrial production are concentrated. The coast of Romagna

2914-500: The preceding 12 months, a Lonely Planet magazine had grown and non-print revenues increased from 9% in 2007 to 22%. Lonely Planet's digital presence included 140 apps and 8.5 million unique users for lonelyplanet.com, which hosted the Thorn Tree travel forum. In 2011, BBC Worldwide acquired the remaining 25% of the company for £42.1 million (A$ 67.2 million) from the Wheelers. By 2012, BBC wanted to divest itself of

2976-586: The provinces of Bologna (2,160) and Forlì-Cesena (1,300). The regional economy is more geared to export markets than other regions in the country: the main exports are from mechanical engineering (53%), the extraction of non-metallic minerals (13%) and the clothing industry (10%). Industry in the region presents a varied and complex picture and is located along the Via Emilia. The food industry (e.g. Barilla , Parmalat , Granarolo , Zanetti , Grandi Salumifici Italiani, Cremonini, Fini, Conserve Italia )

3038-442: The referendum of 2006, seven municipalities of Montefeltro were detached from the Province of Pesaro and Urbino ( Marche ) to join that of Rimini on 15 August 2009. The municipalities are Casteldelci , Maiolo , Novafeltria , Pennabilli , San Leo , Sant'Agata Feltria and Talamello . On 20 and 29 May 2012 two powerful earthquakes struck the central area of the region, killing 27 people and causing substantial damages to

3100-431: The region from north-west (Piacenza) to the south-east (Adriatic coast), connecting the main cities of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, and from here further to Ravenna, Rimini and the Adriatic coast. Emilia-Romagna has given birth to a number of important filmmakers and actors and was the main setting for numerous important movies. Bernardo Bertolucci was a native from Parma and his 1976 masterpiece, 1900 ,

3162-410: The region's artistic heritage as well as to numerous manufacturing facilities. The 5.8 magnitude earthquake left 14,000 people temporarily homeless. The region of Emilia-Romagna consists of nine provinces and covers an area of 22,446 km (8,666 sq mi), ranking sixth in Italy. Nearly half of the region (48%) consists of plains while 27% is hilly and 25% mountainous. The region's section of

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3224-725: The region, in Northern Marche and other nearby areas such as parts of Massa-Carrara , Mantua , Pavia and Rovigo provinces and in San Marino . The Sillaro river ( Emilian : Séllar in Emilian), near the town of Castel San Pietro Terme , is the border between Emilia and Romagna. They belong to the Northern Italian group within Romance languages (like Piedmontese , Lombard , Ligurian and Venetian ), which

3286-566: The rise of Napoleon , the region of Emilia came under French control. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, there was a growing movement for Italian national unity and independence. In 1848, a revolution in Vienna initiated uprisings against Austrian rule. The following decades saw uprisings in several regions and, in 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was established. During this Italian Unification ,

3348-675: The rivers rise locally in the Apennines except for the Po, which has its source in the Alps in Piedmont . The northern border of Emilia-Romagna follows the path of the river for 263 km ( 163 + 1 ⁄ 2  mi). The region has temperate broadleaved and mixed forests and the vegetation may be divided into belts: the Common oak - European hornbeam belt ( Padan plain and adriatic coast) which

3410-433: The route of the Oxford and Cambridge Far Eastern Expedition . The company name originates from the misheard "lovely planet" in a song written by Matthew Moore . Lonely Planet's first book, Across Asia on the Cheap , had 94 pages; it was written by the couple in their home. The original 1973 print run consisted of stapled booklets with pale blue cardboard covers. Wheeler returned to Asia to write Across Asia on

3472-437: The so-called Biennio Rosso , a period of left-wing agitations that paved the way for Benito Mussolini 's coup d'état in 1922 and the birth of the Fascist regime in Italy. Mussolini, a native of Emilia-Romagna, sponsored the rise of many hierarchs coming from his same region, such as Italo Balbo , Dino Grandi and Edmondo Rossoni . Towards the end of the Second World War , Emilia-Romagna was occupied by Germany and has been

3534-411: The term "Geoffness", in tribute to Crowther, to describe a quality that has been lost in travel guides. By 1999, Lonely Planet had sold 30 million copies of its travel guides. The company's authors consequently benefited from profit-sharing and expensive events were held at the Melbourne office, at which Lonely Planet authors would arrive in limousines. In 2007, the Wheelers and John Singleton sold

3596-399: The territories of Emilia and Romagna would be incorporated into the new nation. In the 16th century, most of what would become Emilia-Romagna had been seized by the Papal States, but the territories of Parma, Piacenza, and Modena remained independent until Emilia-Romagna became part of the Italian kingdom between 1859 and 1861. After the First world war, Emilia-Romagna was at the centre of

3658-435: The theatre of numerous Nazi war crimes , such as the Marzabotto massacre in which 770 innocent civilians were brutally executed by German troops. During the Cold war era , Bologna, traditionally a left-wing city, was particularly hit by political street violence and terrorism ; in 1980 a far-right terrorist group detonated a bomb at the city's main railway station, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200. After

3720-410: Was an outpost of the east (540–751) . Before the Romans took control of present-day Emilia-Romagna, it had been part of the Etruscan world and subsequently that of the Gauls . During the first thousand years of Christianity, trade flourished, as did culture and religion, thanks to the region's numerous monasteries . The history of Emilia-Romagna dates back to Roman times when the region of Emilia

3782-553: Was partially set in Emilia-Romagna. Federico Fellini , a native of Rimini, shot many movies in the region, among them Amarcord . Pier Paolo Pasolini , a native from Bologna, in addition to being a film director, was a poet, writer, and intellectual, who also distinguished himself as an actor, journalist, novelist, playwright, and political figure. Michelangelo Antonioni , a native of Ferrara, shot his 1964 movie Red Desert in Ravenna. Florestano Vancini , also from Ferrara, shot there his 1960 film Long Night in 1943 . Pupi Avati ,

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3844-410: Was ruled by imperial judges linked to the nearby regions of either Liguria or Tuscany . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Lombards, a Germanic tribe, founded the kingdom of Lombardy in northern and central Italy. This kingdom, which included the region known as Emilia, flourished until the Lombard dynasty was overthrown by the Frankish king Charlemagne in 774. From

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