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36-668: Johor Lama is a mukim in Kota Tinggi District , Johor , Malaysia . It is situated on the banks of Johor River . It was once a thriving port and the old capital of the Johor Sultanate . Johor Lama is located near the site of the former capital of the Johor Sultanate , Kota Batu, which was established by Alauddin Riayat Shah II shortly after the fall of the Sultanate of Malacca in 1511. Kota Batu

72-712: A Resident in the Perlis royal capital of Arau . Perlis was returned to Siam in World War II as a reward for Siam's alliance with Japan , but this brief annexation ended with the Japanese surrender. After World War II, Perlis returned to British rule until it became part of the Malayan Union , then the Federation of Malaya in 1957, and lastly, Malaysia in 1963. Since 2000, the raja has been Sirajuddin . He

108-699: A lingua franca . In particular, Perlis is well known for its distinctive Hokkien language, known as Penang Hokkien . Hokkien serves as the lingua franca among the various ethnic Chinese communities in Perlis. Perlis Chinese are predominantly Hokkien and thus mostly speak Hokkien as their first language . Some of the tourist attractions in Perlis are: The KTM West Coast railway line runs through Perlis with stations at Padang Besar and Arau . KTM ETS (towards KL Sentral ) and KTM Komuter Northern Sector (towards Butterworth ) trains regularly call at both stations. Perlis does not have an airport; Sultan Abdul Halim Airport serving Alor Setar in nearby Kedah

144-574: A Portuguese ship that had wrecked on the mouth of the Johor River. In response, the Portuguese stopped traders from Melaka from trading with Johor. Ali Jalla then forced ships to go Johor Lama, and attacked Melaka in January 1587. In retaliation, the Portuguese blockaded the Johor River, and later in the year led by Dom Paulo Lima de Pereira, launched an attack on Johor Lama. The fortified city

180-641: A coastline facing the Strait of Malacca , measuring around 20.4 km (12.7 mi) from Kuala Sanglang at the border with Kedah 's Kubang Pasu District up north towards the Malaysia-Thailand border near Pos Batu Putih, in the vicinity of Kuala Perlis . From south to north, its topographical profile consists of flat, arable lands of the Kedah–Perlis Plain dotted with numerous mogotes , and abruptly rises up high as rolling karstic hills of

216-477: Is Mukim Sukang in the Belait District . The last change in the mukim boundaries was in the late 1990s when Mukim Kumbang Pasang was merged into Mukim Kianggeh and Mukim Berakas was divided into Mukim Berakas A and Mukim Berakas B. The number of mukims remained at 38. In Indonesia , mukim means 'a place to stay' or 'the one who stays', while pemukiman means 'a settlement'. The term mukim

252-531: Is 'township'. There are 38 mukims in Brunei . Each mukim is an administrative area made up of several kampung ( Malay for "village"). A mukim is headed by a penghulu (Malay for "headman"), which is an elected office. The number of mukims in each of the districts in Brunei is as follows: The smallest mukim by area is Mukim Saba in the Brunei-Muara District. The largest mukim by area

288-419: Is Pauh Putra within the subdistrict of Kurong Anai which houses the main campus of Malaysia University of Perlis and Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin. Perlis has a snake sanctuary and research centre at Sungai Batu Pahat. Perlis State Park and Gua Kelam are among the popular tourist attractions. The origin of the toponym 'Perlis' is vague. However, there are several theories: The honorific "Indera Kayangan"

324-577: Is a state of Malaysia in the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It is the smallest state in Malaysia by area and population, as well as the northernmost in the country. The state borders the Thai provinces of Satun and Songkhla to the north and the Malaysian state of Kedah to the south. Perlis is the only Malaysian state that is not divided into districts, due to its small size, but it

360-631: Is exercised by the Perlis State Legislative Assembly , a unicameral chamber in which all 15 seats are elected from single-member constituencies. After the 2022 state election , the Perikatan Nasional coalition, led by the Malaysian Islamic Party , holds 14 of the assembly's 15 seats. The raja appoints menteri besar (chief minister) and an Executive Council (akin to a Cabinet). Generally,

396-456: Is home to the 733-metre tall Mount Perlis, the highest point in the state. Along with northern Kedah , the entirety of Perlis experiences tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen climate classification : Am ). Perlis is ruled by the House of Jamalullail . Unlike most other Malay states , in which the ruler is a "sultan", the ruler of Perlis is called the "raja". Legislative power in the state

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432-593: Is still divided into several communes. It was called Palit ( Thai : ปะลิส ) by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Perlis had a population of 227,025 as of the 2010 census. Perlis experiences a tropical monsoon climate . Much of the state's highlands are part of the Nakawan Range , a subrange of the Tenasserim Hills system that spans through southern Myanmar , Southern Thailand and

468-480: Is the nearest airport within Malaysia and can be reached by one hour's drive from Kangar . A bus service from Arau to the airport is also available. There is an outdoor rock climbing area in the limestone hills of Bukit Keteri with over 50 sport climbing routes that are bolted by the world's climbing team; the crags are split into two, both next to each other and the rockfaces rise to 350 m. The range of difficulty

504-467: Is used instead. The northern state of Perlis , due to its small size, is not divided into daerahs , but directly into mukims . In Kelantan , the term daerah corresponds to the mukim level in other states, whilst for Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia , owing to its large sizes, they are directly divided into divisions and in turn, divisions are divided into districts and

540-610: Is used only in Aceh as a subdivision of a district . A mukim contains several villages . In Malaysia , a mukim can either be a subdivision of a daerah ( district or county ) or a subdivision of an autonomous sub-district ( daerah kecil ), as per Section 11(c) of the National Land Code 1965. However, in Putrajaya the designation mukim is not used; the term presint (Malay for "precinct")

576-576: The Nakawan Range , which forms the natural boundary between the state and the province of Satun on the Thai side. In general, paddy fields dominate much of the state's landscape as the Perlisian portion of the Kedah–Perlis Plain had been utilized for rice farming since antiquity. Meanwhile, the Nakawan runs southwest–northeast along the Thai border from Kuala Perlis towards Kaki Bukit . The range

612-626: The Peninsular Malaysia , with Mount Perlis as the highest point at 733 m. The Nakawan also forms a natural frontier between Perlis and Thailand . The capital of Perlis is Kangar , and the royal capital is Arau . Another important town is Padang Besar , at the Malaysia–Thailand border and Kuala Perlis, the ferry town to Langkawi. The main port and ferry terminal is at the small village of Kuala Perlis , linking mostly to Langkawi Island . Another important lately developed area

648-530: The 2010 Census indicate that 83.6% of the Chinese population identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Christianity (11.1%) and Taoism (3.4%), along with small Hui-Muslim populations in areas like Penang. The majority of the Indian population follow Hinduism (86.2%), with a significant minority identifying as Christians (6.0%) or Muslims (4.1%). Christianity is the predominant religion of

684-417: The chief minister is a member of the legislative assembly who can command a majority on the assembly's floor. The raja's appointment powers were at the centre of a brief constitutional crisis in the state after the 2008 general election . The Raja sought to appoint a Barisan Nasional assemblyman, Md Isa Sabu , as chief minister despite Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi , who led the national coalition, nominating

720-423: The destruction of Johor Lama by the Portuguese in 1587: 1°34′26.4″N 104°1′19.2″E  /  1.574000°N 104.022000°E  / 1.574000; 104.022000 This Johor location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mukim In Brunei , a mukim is the immediate subdivision of a district ( Malay : daerah ). The equivalent English word for 'mukim'

756-506: The future first Raja of Perlis as chieftain of Arau as a wedding gift to his marriage with his daughter, Tengku Sofiah. Syed Harun's descendant eventually become deputy governor (1839) and Raja of Perlis. After the Siamese conquered Kedah in 1821, the British felt their interests in Perak were threatened. This resulted in the 1826 Burney and Low Treaties formalising relations between

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792-572: The incumbent Shahidan Kassim to continue in office. The Raja prevailed, and swore in Md Isa, who proceeded to serve a full term as chief minister. The state elects three members of the federal House of Representatives , for the constituencies of Arau , Kangar and Padang Besar . All three seats have been held by the Perikatan Nasional since the 2022 general elections . The state also has two federal senators ; like all other states,

828-616: The non-Malay bumiputera community (46.5%) with an additional 40.4% identifying as Muslims. Majority of Perlis' population speaks Perlis Malay which is a sub-dialect of Kedah Malay but has its own unique features compared to those of neighbouring Kedah. Perlisian Chinese people are mostly Hokkien by ancestry and speak a dialect of Hokkien . Besides that there is also Hokkien , Mandarin , English , Tamil , Malayalam as well as small numbers of Southern Thai speakers, mostly ethnic Malaysian Siamese . However, large numbers of Perlisians regardless of ethnic origin mainly uses Perlis Malay as

864-401: The outer regions surrounding the former. This article about geography terminology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Malaysian location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Brunei location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Perlis Perlis ( Kedah Malay (Perlis dialect) : Peghelih ),

900-513: The paternal grandson of a Hadhrami Arab Sayyid immigrant and maternal grandson of the Sultan of Kedah, the first Raja of Perlis which made Perlis a sovereign state. His descendants still rule Perlis, but as rajas , instead of as sultans . In 1897, Kedah led by its prime minister, Wan Mat Saman began efforts to end the sovereignty of Perlis (similar to the Kingdom of Kubang Pasu which

936-696: The senators are not directly elected but appointed by a vote of the state legislative assembly. Perlis, being the smallest state by area in Malaysia, is not divided into administrative districts. It is, however, still divided into 22 mukims (communes), namely: As of 2010 the population of Perlis is 87.9% Muslim , 10.0% Buddhist , 0.8% Hindu , 0.6% Christian , 0.2% Taoist or Chinese religion followers, 0.2% non-religious, 0.2% unknown / none, and 0.1% followers of other religions. The Malaysian defines "Malay", as those who are Muslim, speak Malay regularly, practise Malay customs, and lived in or have ancestors from Brunei , Malaysia and/or Singapore . Statistics from

972-622: The state constitution his father signed without any long epithets in general "which is related to deities , or any 'Darul'..."". Perlis was originally part of Kedah , although it occasionally came under the rule of Siam or Aceh . Perlis was historically an important realm within the Kingdom of Kedah. Sultan Muhyiddin of Kedah made his capital in Kota Sena, while Sultan Dhiauddin II made Kota Indera Kayangan his capital. Sultan Dhiauddin II of Kedah

1008-516: The subdivision of each district is termed as a mukim instead. Each mukim is divided into a village or villages ( kampung or kampong ). In Singapore , a Mukim is a survey district. There are 34 Mukim survey districts in Singapore, as well as 30 Town Subdivision survey districts. The Town Subdivision survey districts are located in the city area, while the Mukim survey districts are located in

1044-487: The two Malay states and Siam, their nominal overlord. In the Burney Treaty , the exiled Sultan of Kedah, Ahmad Tajuddin was not restored to his throne. Sultan Ahmad and his armed supporters then fought in a series of war known as Perang Musuh Bisik for his restoration from 1830 to 1842. Towards the end of the conflict and the death of Siam's Ligor governor in 1839 (Siam's main authority figure over Kedah), Perlis

1080-545: Was absorbed into Kedah). After several tense occasions and disputes, the Siamese king Chulalongkorn sided with Perlis. Perlis also had several disputes with the state of Setul before the 1900s. As with Kedah, the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 forced Siam to relinquish its southern Malay vassal states of Kelantan , Trengganu , and Monthon Syburi (comprising Kedah , Perlis, and Satun (but Satun remained with Thailand)) to Great Britain. The British installed

1116-433: Was defended by 12,000 men, but the Portuguese prevailed and destroyed the fort. The capital of Johor was then moved to Batu Sawar further up the Johor River. Johor Lama was later rebuilt but again destroyed in 1604 by the Portuguese. For some time it continued to be used as a port for larger ships where goods could then be moved upstream to towns such as Batu Sawar. The mukim spans over an area of 19.3 km. Concerning

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1152-687: Was given by Tuanku Raja Syed Hussin Jamalullail (who ruled Perlis from 1843 to 1873) after the royal town of Indera Kayangan II (1797 until 1813) he was raised in now located in Kampung Langgar, Kayang within the Kuala Perlis area. However, this epithet became less popular under the recommendation of Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Putra Jamalullail in 2015, in which according to him is inline with the official singular name given in

1188-545: Was honorifically titled as Raja Muda of Perlis and Kedah, akin to the title Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom . During his reign as the Sultan of Kedah, he oversaw a treaty with George Leith to cede Province Wellesley to Penang . He was titled as Raja Muda of Perlis and Kedah. This fact depicted Perlis was a special realm within the Kedah sultanate. Sultan Dhiauddin then made Syed Harun Jamalullail, father of

1224-579: Was sacked and burnt by the Acehnese in 1564, and Alauddin was taken to Aceh and killed. The capital was then moved to Bukit Seluyut for a few years. In the early 1570s, the sultan Ali Jalla returned to the Kota Batu area and reestablished the capital at Johor Lama. The Johor Sultanate had initially formed an alliance with the Portuguese against the Acehnese, however Ali Jalla confiscated the cargo of

1260-582: Was separated with Kedah. In 1842, the Sultan agreed to accept Siamese terms and was restored to the throne of Kedah. However, Siam separated Perlis into a separate principality which was a direct vassal of Bangkok . The Siamese made Raja Long Krok as the Governor of Siam in Perlis while Syed (or Sayyid) Hussain Jamalullail as deputy governor. On 20 May 1843, the Siamese made Sayyid Hussain Jamalulail ,

1296-617: Was the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) from 13 December 2001 to 12 December 2006. Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra was the Regent of Perlis during the five-year period when Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin was Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Chief Executive or Menteri Besar is currently Mohd Shukri Ramli of the Perikatan Nasional . Perlis is the smallest state in Malaysia, covering a total land area of 819 km . Like other west coast states , it has

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