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85-559: Johnson City Medical Center is a hospital in Johnson City, Tennessee . It is a Level I Trauma Center and one of three major tertiary referral hubs of regional provider Ballad Health. It has 445 beds, plus 86 in the attached Niswonger Children's Hospital. It is also a teaching hospital for numerous institutions, including the adjacent East Tennessee State University James H. Quillen College of Medicine . Physician and author Abraham Verghese described his experiences treating HIV in

170-510: A $ 20,000,000 building program for the Veterans Administration. Several of the former National Home branches received funding for new medical treatment buildings, domiciliaries, storage buildings, and garages for staff quarters. On December 7, 1941, another war brought a new period of change to the former National Home. More citizens were drafted for military service. To meet the demand for services after World War II, and later

255-972: A building in downtown Johnson City for use as a new satellite teaching site. Tusculum College has a center on the north side of Johnson City in the Boones Creek area. Within Washington County, the vast majority of the city is in the Johnson City School District , while small parts of the city are in the Washington County School District . The portion in Carter County is within the Carter County School District . The portion in Sullivan County

340-479: A city, and consisting of a tract of at least 200 acres (0.81 km ), connected to the city by a railroad. The Board issued a bulletin to newspapers and to governors of the northern states requesting proposals for sites to be donated or sold for use by the branches. Proposals were due before July 12. In addition, the Board advertised for plans, specifications, and estimates for the construction of asylum buildings. At

425-471: A household in the city was $ 30,835, and the median income for a family was $ 40,977. Males had a median income of $ 31,326 versus $ 22,150 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,364. About 11.4 percent of families and 15.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.9 percent of those under age 18 and 12.7 percent of those age 65 or over. Johnson City is an economic hub largely fueled by East Tennessee State University and

510-426: A list of clues to aid in the search for all the animals. Other public art includes banners and art on light poles and traffic boxes, and quote stones along sidewalks and paths. Two annual art events take place in the city. As a regional hub for a four-state area, Johnson City is home to a large variety of retail businesses, from well-known national chains to local boutiques and galleries. The Mall at Johnson City

595-585: A living, without having to trace their disabilities to their military service. The Board realized that denying benefits to this large group of veterans meant their only recourse was the poor house. In 1883, the Board, recognizing the changes the Home would face with increased membership and increased medical needs of the members, conceded that an "institution like the National Home must in time become an enormous hospital." It concluded that all new buildings for

680-536: A new veteran population of over five million men and women, brought dramatic changes to the National Home and all other governmental agencies responsible for veterans' benefits. In 1930 the Veterans Administration was established, to consolidate all veterans' programs into a single Federal agency. The several wars since then in the 20th and 21st centuries have resulted in more veterans needing services. The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers

765-628: A permanent shelter for its veterans; construction was started in 1827. The United States Sailors' Home , located in Philadelphia as part of the Navy Yard, was opened in 1833. In 1827, Secretary of War James Barbour suggested a similar institution for the Army, but Congressional lack of interest and funding meant such a project was delayed. In 1851, legislation introduced by Jefferson Davis , senator from Mississippi and former secretary of war,

850-588: A service-related disability. In effect, the Federal government assumed responsibility of providing care for the aged veterans; what had been established as a temporary asylum for disabled people in 1866, had become a permanent home for the elderly. This legislation provided for expansion of the National Home by authorizing branches to be established west of the Mississippi and on the Pacific Coast. With

935-516: A small contiguous border with Kingsport to the far north along I-26 and a slightly longer one with Bluff City to the northeast along US 11E. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 43.3 square miles (112.1 km ), of which 42.9 square miles (111.2 km ) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km ), or 0.75 percent, is water. Buffalo Mountain, a ridge over 2,700 feet (820 m) high,

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1020-570: A soldiers' asylum. When President Lincoln signed legislation creating the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in March 1865, the nation was in a period of heightened emotional response to the approaching peace. The victory of the Union was seen as the triumph of the nation. The creation of a national institution to serve the veterans was an affirmation of that national victory. When

1105-466: Is Cathy Ball. East Tennessee State University has around 16,000 students in addition to a K-12 University School, a laboratory school of about 540 students. University School was the first laboratory school in the nation to adopt a year-round academic schedule. Milligan University is just outside the city limits in Carter County, and has about 1,200 students in undergraduate and graduate programs. Northeast State Community College has renovated

1190-594: Is a city park on the south side of town. The Watauga River arm of Boone Lake , a Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir, is partly within the city limits. Johnson City has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with warm summers and cool winters. Temperatures in Johnson City are moderated somewhat by its elevation and proximity to the Appalachian Mountains . Precipitation is abundant, with an average of 45.22 in (1,149 mm). Summer

1275-538: Is an 80-bed hospital with emergency services. James H. and Cecile C. Quillen Rehabilitation Hospital serves patients who have suffered debilitating trauma, including stroke and brain-spine injuries. Johnson City's sister cities are: National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers The Board of Managers, charged with governance of the Home, added seven more branches between 1870 and 1907 as broader eligibility requirements allowed more veterans to apply for admission. The effects of World War I , which resulted in

1360-684: Is the city's only enclosed shopping mall. Much of the new retail development is in North Johnson City, along State of Franklin Road. Johnson City Crossings is the largest of these developments. Several Minor League Baseball teams have been based in Johnson City. Professional baseball was first played in the city by the Johnson City Soldiers in the Southeastern League in 1910. The city's longest-running team

1445-399: Is typically the wettest part of the year, while early autumn is considerably drier. Snowfall is moderate and sporadic, with an average of 15.6 in (40 cm). As of the 2020 United States census , there were 71,046 people, 30,724 households, and 15,904 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 55,469 people, 23,720 households, and 14,018 families residing in

1530-712: Is within the Sullivan County School District . Schools in the Johnson City School System include: Elementary schools Middle schools High schools Johnson City is served by Tri-Cities Regional Airport ( IATA Code TRI ) and Johnson City Airport (0A4) in Watauga. Johnson City Transit operates a system of buses inside the city limits, including BucShot, a system serving the greater ETSU campus. The Southern Railway used to serve Johnson City with several trains:

1615-799: The Birmingham Special (ended 1970), the Pelican (ended 1970) and the Tennessean (ended 1968). Johnson City serves as a regional medical center for northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia, along with parts of western North Carolina and southeastern Kentucky . Johnson City Medical Center includes a level 1 trauma center, the Niswonger Children's Hospital, and Woodridge Hospital, an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Franklin Woods Community Hospital

1700-638: The Johnson City Sessions . Native son "Fiddlin' Charlie" Bowman became a national recording star via these sessions. The Fountain Square area in downtown featured a host of local and traveling street entertainers including Blind Lemon Jefferson . During the 1920s and the Prohibition era, Johnson City's ties to the bootlegging activity of the Appalachian Mountains earned the city the nickname of "Little Chicago ". Stories persist that

1785-491: The National Register of Historic Places . For many years, the city had a municipal "privilege tax" on carnival shows, in an attempt to dissuade traveling circuses and other transient entertainment businesses from doing business in town. The use of drums by merchants to draw attention to their goods is prohibited. Title Six, Section 106 of the city's municipal code, the so-called " Barney Fife " ordinance, empowers

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1870-631: The standard gauge Clinchfield Railroad . Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. The Southern Railway (now Norfolk Southern ) also passes through the city. During the American Civil War , before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to "Haynesville" in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes . Henry Johnson's name

1955-581: The 1780s, Colonel John Tipton (1730–1813) established a farm (now the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site ) just outside what is now Johnson City. During the State of Franklin movement, Tipton was a leader of the loyalist faction, residents of the region who wanted to remain part of North Carolina rather than form a separate state. In February 1788, an armed engagement took place at Tipton's farm between Tipton and his men and

2040-548: The 1980s at Johnson City Medical Center, as well as the neighboring Mountain Home VA Medical Center, in his memoir My Own Country . Since 2018 the facility has been operated by Ballad Health . Johnson City, Tennessee Johnson City is a city in Washington , Carter , and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee , mostly in Washington County. As of the 2020 United States census ,

2125-586: The Asylum looked to past models and local efforts to guide the creation of the institution. The Board of Managers of the National Asylum met for the first time in Washington, D.C. on May 16, 1866. Their first priority was the selection of sites for the three branches of the national institution, based on geographic distribution. They established criteria for site evaluation: a healthy site with fresh air and ample water supply, located 3 to 5 miles (8.0 km) from

2210-566: The Board approved the purchase of the Togus site. Veterans had already been moved into the former hotel on the site in November 1866. The Central Branch location in Dayton, Ohio , was not selected until September 1867. The selection of the sites for the three branches was based on three motivations: practical, political and economic. First, the Board needed sites ready to be used immediately before

2295-526: The Board of Managers gained approval of the name, the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. From the Revolutionary War through the Civil War, the small number of veterans of American wars had three sources of assistance from the Federal government. The government offered land grants to veterans as compensation for their service, particularly following the Revolutionary War, when it used

2380-718: The Board of Managers gaining a large cash donation from the Ladies Managers, enabling them both to purchase a site and have funds left to begin construction. As the first buildings at the Northwestern Branch were being completed in 1867–1869, the Board of Managers concentrated building efforts at the Central Branch, and in rebuilding facilities at the Eastern Branch, which had been destroyed by fire in 1868. Even though membership had increased in

2465-495: The Board's purchase of the Chesapeake Female College at Hampton, Virginia . What became the main building of this new branch was built in 1854 and used as the principal facility of the college. The building was used as a hospital for both Union and Confederate troops. In the economic downturn following the Civil War, the women's college did not reopen. Acquisition of the property by the National Home followed

2550-523: The Central Branch was already too large and should not be expanded; the severe climate at the Eastern and Northwestern branches should limit their growth; and the Southern branch should not be allowed to grow to more than 1500–2000 members. The surgeons suggested that new branches were a better solution than enlarging the older ones. They also recommended that certain diseases would benefit from treatment at

2635-712: The December 7, 1866 meeting of the Board, the executive committee announced its approval of a Milwaukee location. The Board directed them to return to Milwaukee to purchase a site and arrange for the construction of asylum buildings, as well as the transfer of veterans currently housed in the Wisconsin Soldiers' Home in Milwaukee, operated by the Lady Managers of the Home Society. At the same meeting,

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2720-460: The Federal government; and financial relief to veterans outside the Home system could be increased. Congress established a new Home branch in Grant County, Indiana , on March 23, 1888, with an initial appropriation of $ 200,000, based on the county residents' providing natural gas supply sufficient for the heating and lighting of the facility. The site selected was near Marion, Indiana , and

2805-534: The Home must be planned with that in mind. As a result, the Board asked for Congressional appropriations to enlarge the hospital at the Central Branch and to build a new hospital at the Southern Branch. At the September 1883 Board meeting, the managers considered asking Congress for the transfer of Fort Riley, Kansas , to the Home as a new facility. They understood the fort was likely to be abandoned since

2890-466: The Korean and Vietnam wars, the former branches of the National Home were expanded and adapted to serve veterans. To ensure high-quality development and training for personnel, in the postwar years the Veterans Administration and its hospital officials worked to establish medical residency programs at veterans hospitals, accredited through collaboration with local and regional universities. During its life,

2975-589: The Main Building at the Northwestern Branch, and concern over the harsh winters at both the Northwestern and Eastern branches, led the Board to open a fourth branch in 1870 at a site in a warmer climate; it had existing buildings available for immediate use. In addition, an increasing number of veterans applied for services. The Southern Branch of the National Asylum was established in October 1870, with

3060-539: The Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (now the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center and National Cemetery ), Mountain Home, Tennessee was created by an act of Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow . Construction on this 450-acre (1.8 km ) campus, which was designed to serve disabled Civil War veterans, was completed in 1903 at a cost of $ 3 million. Before

3145-593: The National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers was being organized in 1866, the National Soldiers' Home assisted the asylum's board by explaining its regulations and offering suggestions. The Civil War was the first event in the history of the United States considered to be national in the scale of citizen involvement, and in its effects on the daily lives of people communities in both the North and

3230-566: The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers was also known "officially" as the National Military Home and colloquially as the Old Soldiers Home . The formal organizational name was not changed by statute. But, the mailing address for most branches became "National Military Home," in the appropriate city and state. In the early days, the designation of "old soldier" had no bearing on an individual veteran's age. It

3315-515: The September 1866 Board meeting, General Benjamin Butler , the President of the Board, proposed the purchase of a bankrupt resort at Togus, Maine , near Augusta, as the eastern branch of the Asylum. In regards to a Milwaukee location or a northwestern branch, the Board directed that an executive committee visit the city to select a site. Possible locations for a central branch were discussed. At

3400-568: The South. The Civil War was a war of volunteers and draftees, both military and civilian. Very early in the war, it became clear to social leaders in the North that new programs were required to deliver medical care to the wounded beyond what was available through the official military structure. The leading civilian organization was the United States Sanitary Commission ; it secured permission from President Lincoln in

3485-412: The Southern Branch would establish a strong Union presence near the strategic city of Newport News in the former Confederate state of Virginia. On January 23, 1873, Congress passed a resolution changing the name of the institution to the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, reflecting the increasing permanence of the institution and its membership. In 1875, the Board's report to Congress stressed

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3570-569: The United States entered World War I. By the time of the armistice on November 11, 1918, almost five million Americans had entered the armed forces. On October 6, 1917, an amendment to the War Risk Insurance Act, originally enacted in 1914 to insure American ships and cargo against risks of war, extended eligibility for National Home membership to all troops serving in the "German War." Most importantly, it provided that all veterans were entitled to medical, surgical and hospital care by

3655-430: The army's command structure and staffed with regular army officers. The Soldiers' Home was managed by a board of commissioners, although drawn from army officers; each branch had a governor, deputy governor, and secretary-treasure; the members were organized into companies and the daily routine followed the military schedule; all members wore uniforms; and workshops were provided for members wanting or required to work. When

3740-430: The changing medical needs of the members. Considering the ages for Civil War participants ranged from 13 to 43 years in 1860, the Home could have expected continuing admissions well into the 20th century. The Board indicated a new understanding of the population makeup when it recommended that Congress change the eligibility requirements for admission to the Home by allowing benefits to all destitute soldiers unable to earn

3825-451: The city's police force to draft into involuntary service as many of the town's citizens as necessary to aid police in making arrests and in preventing or quelling any riot, unlawful assembly or breach of peace. Johnson City is in northeastern Washington County, with smaller parts extending north into Sullivan County and east into Carter County. Johnson City shares a contiguous southeastern border with Elizabethton . Johnson City also shares

3910-553: The city. Johnson City and its metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of US$ 9.1 billion in 2019. Public art includes 12 to 15 sculptures that change every two years. Also, 24 bronze statuettes of animals indigenous to the Appalachian Highlands, cast by faculty and students at ETSU, are installed in various downtown locations; staff at the Johnson City Public Library created

3995-479: The city. The population density was 1,412.4 per square mile. There were 25,730 housing units at an average density of 655.1 units per square mile (252.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.09 percent white , 6.40 percent African American , 0.26% Native American , 1.22 percent Asian , 0.02 percent Pacific Islander , 0.69 percent from other races , and 1.32 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.89 percent of

4080-623: The completion of this facility, the assessed value of the entire town was listed at $ 750,000. The East Tennessee State Normal School was authorized in 1911 and the new college campus directly across from the National Soldiers Home. Johnson City began growing rapidly and became the fifth-largest city in Tennessee by 1930. Together with neighboring Bristol , Johnson City was a hotbed for old-time music . It hosted noteworthy Columbia Records recording sessions in 1928 known as

4165-695: The complexity of caring for veterans. African Americans pressed their case to the federal government, feeling that their service had created an obligation by the government to help them in the war's aftermath. African Americans had difficulty gaining medical care, especially in the South. The federal government authorized construction of what was originally called the "Tuskegee Home", now the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center , on land adjacent to Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Opened in 1923 with 600 beds, it

4250-509: The cost of domiciliary care, and it required large capital investments in hospitals, medical equipment, and professional staff. By 1928, the Board concluded that it was not capable of managing the National Home as a national medical service. In June 1929, the president of the Board of Managers was appointed to the Federal Commission for Consideration of Government Activities Dealing with Veterans' Matters. The Commission recommended

4335-520: The disabled veteran; the commission feared that a permanent institution would become a poorhouse for veterans. Other groups favored as strongly the establishment of a soldiers' asylum, to ensure provision of quality care. The groups gathered information on European military asylums, particularly the Invalides in Paris. They tended to find evidence to support their opinions on either side of the concept of

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4420-464: The end of most of the Indian Wars , and it would be easily adaptable to Home use. The Board tabled the motion, but the issue of establishing additional branches of the National Home had been raised. On July 5, 1884, Congress approved the Board's recommendation to change the eligibility requirements for admission, allowing any veterans disabled by old age or disease to apply without having to prove

4505-577: The establishment of a Pacific Branch; the Sawtelle Veterans Home opened near Santa Monica, California in January 1888. Even with the creation of two new branches, the Board realized that membership would continue to increase; it proposed four alternatives to manage the needs. Additional branches could be established; existing branches could be enlarged; states could be encouraged to erect state soldiers' homes through partial funding from

4590-442: The federal government. Prior to the 1917 amendment, the only veterans entitled to such medical care were members of the National Home who had access to the Home hospitals. All other veterans were dependent on civilian medical services. The 1917 amendment meant that all veterans were eligible for the same medical care as the members of the National Home. Existing hospital facilities at the ten Home branches were insufficient to care for

4675-431: The first few years the Asylum was open, the Board had felt membership would soon begin to decline. The Board-based this on the belief that any veteran who needed the Asylum had already entered it and that, as members regained their health or learned new work skills, they would leave the Asylum. In 1868, the Board adopted a resolution that limited the number of branches to the three existing ones. Problems with construction of

4760-540: The first non-religious planned communities in the country. Additionally, Congress passed legislation to provide $ 100 annually for every veteran eligible for the National Home who was housed in a state soldiers' home. In 1895, the Indiana legislature authorized the establishment of a state soldiers' home, which was built in West Lafayette, Indiana . The National Home continued to face problems of overcrowding and

4845-633: The forces led by John Sevier , the leader of the Franklin faction. Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as a railroad station called "Johnson's Depot", Johnson City became a major rail hub for the Southeast , as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Johnson City served as headquarters for the narrow gauge East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (the ET&;WNC , nicknamed "Tweetsie") and

4930-608: The founding of the Veterans Administration as a federal agency. On July 21, 1930, the Veterans Bureau, the Bureau of Pensions, and the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers were consolidated into the Veterans Administration . The National Home was designated the "Home Service." In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt 's relief program during the Great Depression put a temporary hold on funding for Veterans Administration construction projects, in favor of projects that could quickly put people to work and be completed more rapidly. Two years later, in August 1935, plans were announced for

5015-451: The institution was established, supporters likely had a limited awareness of the potential need among future veterans. But, more than 2,000,000 men served in the Union Army, a third of the white men of military age (13 to 43 years old in 1860). If the number of men disabled in service equaled a sixth of the soldiers who died in the war, the number eligible for admission to the National Asylum would have been more than 300,000. It took time for

5100-415: The land grant system to develop unsettled territories of the new nation. In 1833, the Federal government established the Bureau of Pensions , which made small cash payments to veterans. The low numbers of the veteran population and the more attractive offer of free land kept the pension system relatively small until after the Civil War. In 1811 the United States Navy was authorized by Congress to establish

5185-506: The loosening of restrictions, the Home rapidly had an increase of 12% in membership, but it had not gained additional funding from Congress. The Board returned to Congress with a request for deficiency funding, arguing that the Home could either go into debt, which was illegal under its organic law, or it would have to discharge a large number of members to save on expenses. Expansion at the four original branches proceeded more slowly after 1884. The 1884 Board of Surgeons Report recommended that

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5270-423: The medical "Med-Tech" corridor, anchored by the Johnson City Medical Center and Niswonger Children's Hospital, Franklin Woods Community Hospital, ETSU's Gatton College of Pharmacy, and ETSU's Quillen College of Medicine . The popular citrus soda Mountain Dew traces its origins to Johnson City. In 2012, PepsiCo announced a new malt-flavored version of the drink named Mountain Dew Johnson City Gold in honor of

5355-468: The need for construction of larger accommodations as quickly as possible. The Broad projected an eventual decline in the population as of the early 1870s, due to an increase in death rate with aging, but also said that it expected more aging veterans to apply for admission in the late 1870s and early 1880s. In 1875, major construction projects were started at the four branches, in part to provide more housing, but also to provide more hospital facilities to meet

5440-434: The need for more specialized medical care. In 1898, Congress approved an eighth branch, to be established at Danville, Illinois . The Mountain Branch was established in 1903 near Johnson City, Tennessee . The last of the National Home facilities was established as the Battle Mountain Sanitariumt at Hot Springs, South Dakota , in 1907. It was not a full-service branch, but a specialized institution open to members from any of

5525-413: The new facility was called the Marion Branch. The Marion Branch was the seventh of ten homes and one sanatorium that were built between 1867 and 1902. These homes were primarily intended to provide shelter for the veterans. The homes gradually developed as complete planned communities, with kitchens, gardens and facilities for livestock, designed to be nearly self-sufficient. It appears that these homes were

5610-521: The new institution to be organized, including design and construction of the building. The original corporation could not secure a quorum for a year after being authorized. In March 1866, Congress passed new legislation to replace the 100-member corporation with a twelve-member board of managers, a more manageable group. Still, they had to select the sites, arrange supervision of construction projects, and designate local officials while serving as unpaid volunteers of an independent Federal agency. The managers of

5695-447: The nine branches who had rheumatism or tuberculosis . Neither disease could be cured at the time, but patients were believed to benefit from the dry air prevalent at that location. Between 1900 and 1910, the Board of Managers were directed most of their attention to developing these three new branches. In 1916, the Board of Managers believed that membership had begun to decline, due to aging and deaths of veterans. But, on April 6, 1917,

5780-563: The population was 71,046, making it the eighth-most populous city in Tennessee . Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Carter, Unicoi , and Washington counties and had a population of 207,285 as of 2020. The MSA is also a component of the Tri-Cities region. This CSA is the fifth-largest in Tennessee, with a population of 514,899 as of 2020. William Bean , traditionally recognized as Tennessee's first white settler, built his cabin along Boone's Creek near Johnson City in 1769. In

5865-439: The population. There were 23,720 households, out of which 25.0 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1 percent were married couples living together, 11.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9 percent were non-families. 33.9 percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5950-477: The potentially high number of World War I veterans needing medical care. In 1919, the responsibility for veterans' services was distributed among several agencies: the United States Public Health Service (PHS) took over the provision of medical and hospital services; the Federal Board for Vocational Rehabilitation organized rehabilitation programs; and the War Risk Insurance Bureau managed compensation and insurance payouts. The burden on PHS government hospitals

6035-415: The precedent four years earlier of the purchase of the Togus resort. The Southern Branch was founded to provide a facility in a milder climate for the benefit of older veterans, to house Southern black members whom the board believed would be more accustomed to a southern location, and to be associated with Fort Monroe , adjacent to the new branch site. The Federal troops at Fort Monroe and Union veterans at

6120-486: The revamped league designed for rising college freshman and sophomores. In the United States House of Representatives , Johnson City is represented by Republican Diana Harshbarger of the 1st district. Johnson City is run by a five-person board of commissioners. The mayor is Todd Fowler, the vice mayor is Aaron Murphy, and the commissioners are Jenny Brock, Joe Wise, and John Hunter. The city manager

6205-503: The second winter after the war, and before the time of the November 1866 elections. The Togus site, having been a resort, had a sufficient number of buildings appropriate for housing the disabled veterans. Choosing Dayton as the Central Branch site satisfied the powerful Ohio faction in Congress, as well as the numerous Union generals from Ohio, particularly William Tecumseh Sherman . Locating the Northwestern Branch at Milwaukee resulted in

6290-519: The summer of 1861 to deliver medical supplies to the battle front, build field hospitals staffed with volunteer nurses (mostly women), and raise funds to support the commission's programs. As the war continued, civilian leaders began to address the issue of caring for the numerous veterans who would require assistance once the war ended. Members of the Sanitary Commission favored the pension system rather than permanent institutional care for

6375-399: The town was one of several distribution centers for Chicago gang boss Al Capone during Prohibition. Capone had a well-organized distribution network within the southern United States for alcohol smuggling; it shipped his products from the mountain distillers to northern cities. Capone was, according to local lore, a part-time resident of Montrose Court, a luxury apartment complex now listed on

6460-528: The various branches. The establishment of new branches in the west and on the Pacific coast limited the expansion of the older branches. In September 1884, the Board selected Leavenworth, Kansas , as a new location, contingent on the city donating a tract of 640 acres (2.6 km ) and $ 50,000 to provide for "ornamentation"; the city accepted in April 1885. At the same meeting, the Board took under consideration

6545-794: The war, the National Home took actions to accommodate the large number of returning veterans: In August 1921, Congress established the Veterans Bureau to manage all veterans' benefits. On April 29, 1922, this agency assumed responsibility for fifty-seven veterans' hospitals operated by the Public Health Service, as well as nine under construction by the Treasury Department. The participation of African Americans in World War I and issues of racism in US society added to

6630-429: Was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.82. In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.8 percent under the age of 18, 13.7 percent from 18 to 24, 28.1 percent from 25 to 44, 22.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 15.9 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males. The median income for

6715-576: Was enacted by Congress. It appropriated funds for construction of the United States Soldiers' Home. The Soldiers' Home was open to all men who were regular or volunteer members of the army with 20 years' service and who had contributed to the home's support through pay withdrawals. When the Soldiers' Home was being organized in 1851 and 1852, it was intended to have at least four branches. Its organization and administration were based on

6800-468: Was intended to serve the 300,000 African-American veterans in the South. The complex eventually had 27 buildings, and more than 2300 beds by 1973. By 1926, the Board began to see a new trend in veterans' use of the National Home. For the most part, the World War I veterans were receiving medical treatment and returning to civilian life, rather than entering the domiciliary program for the Home. The Board noted that hospital care costs were almost three times

6885-431: Was originally called the National Asylum in the legislation approved by Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865. The term "asylum" was used in the 19th century for institutions caring for dependent members of society, such as the insane and the poor, who were thought to temporarily have conditions that could be cured or corrected. But, the term had some negative connotations. In January 1873,

6970-582: Was quickly restored following the war, with Johnson elected as the city's first mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893 , which caused many railway failures (including the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad or "3-Cs", a predecessor of the Clinchfield) and resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum. In 1901,

7055-631: Was so great that the Service began to contract with private hospitals to provide health care for veterans. On March 4, 1921, in response to the need for veterans' hospitals, Congress appropriated funds to construct additional hospitals for veterans covered by the War Risk Insurance Act amendment. In addition, in 1926 Congress required the Bureau of War Risk Insurance to make allotments to the National Home to fund alterations or improvement to existing Home facilities to care for beneficiaries. Immediately after

7140-846: Was the Johnson City Cardinals , who played in the Appalachian League as the Rookie affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1975 to 2020. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league , and the Cardinals were replaced by the Johnson City Doughboys , a new franchise in

7225-577: Was used for all veterans. Breakfast meals included ham , sausage , corned beef hash, baked beans with pork, beef fricassee with hominy , potatoes. bread, butterine . Dinners might include string beans, lima beans, dried peas, pickles , pies , roast mutton, soups like vegetable or bean, roast beef and crackers. Supper would be a light fare like stewed dried fruits, watermelons, sugar cookies , tea, fresh berries, corn meal or rolled oats with syrup, cheese and biscuits. The quantities of food required were enormous, including 2,800 pounds of ham for

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