131-467: Jabalpur , formerly Jubbulpore , is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh , India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the Jabalpur district and the Jabalpur division . It is the judicial capital of Madhya Pradesh with Madhya Pradesh High Court being located in
262-447: A cliff as Kapildhara waterfall and meanders in the hills, flowing through a tortuous course crossing the rocks and islands up to the ruined palace of Ramnagar. Between Ramnagar and Mandla , (25 km (15.5 mi)), further southeast, the course is comparatively straight with deep water devoid of rocky obstacles. The Banger joins from the left. The river then runs north–west in a narrow loop towards Jabalpur . Close to this city, after
393-551: A collection of items related to Mahatma Gandhi. Dumna Nature Reserve Park is an ecotourism site located near Jabalpur Airport . It houses Khandari Dam, a source of drinking water to the city. The Bargi Dam Reservoir is known for boat rides. Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides along the Narmada river, which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the city, especially in moonlight. The journey through
524-588: A fall of some (9 m (29.5 ft)), called the Dhuandhara , the fall of mist , it flows for (3 km (1.9 mi)), in a deep narrow channel through the magnesium limestone and basalt rocks called the Marble Rocks ; from a width of about 90 m (295.3 ft), above, it is compressed in this channel of (18 m (59.1 ft)), only. Beyond this point up to its meeting the Arabian Sea,
655-522: A great king. This child was the dynasty's progenitor Chandravarma. Chandra presented him with a philosopher's stone and taught him politics. The dynasty's own records do not mention Hemavati, Hemaraja or Indrajit. Such legends appear to be later bardic inventions. In general, the Mahoba-Khanda is a historically unreliable text. Prithviraj Raso is also considered an historically unreliable text. British indologist V. A. Smith theorized that
786-878: A high-level Committee was appointed by the Government of India (GOI) in September 1964. In 1965, the Committee prepared a Master Plan for the basin, which involved construction of 12 major projects in Madhya Pradesh and the Navagam Dam in Gujarat. Gujarat endorsed the proposal, but Maharashtra did not. After intense parleys failed to resolve the problem, in 1968 GOI agreed to establish the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) under
917-863: A large contiguous forest block that harbours a community of plant and animal species typical of the central highland region. Apart from the above national parks, there are also a number of natural preserves such as the Amarkantak , the Bagh Caves and the Bhedaghat . In compliance of the Environmental Action Plan for the Narmadasagar and Omkareswar HEPs, as per the recommendations of the Wildlife Institute of India three new protected areas may be created, which are, a)
1048-645: A major watershed feeding the Sardar Sarovar and Karjan reservoir (on the Karjan River, a tributary of Narmada in Gujarat). It is the habitat of mammals and a variety of birds, including eagles and hawks . The development of the Narmada river has led to the inundation of some archaeological and architectural sites. The Department of Archaeology, Museums and Archives, Government of Madhya Pradesh, undertook rescue excavations in response, and transplanted
1179-594: A number of temples. An attempt to comprehensively list and publish lost sites has been undertaken by Jürgen Neuss. Many Dinosaur fossils have been found in the Narmada valley. The first fossil was discovered in 1828 by William Sleeman . In 1982 fossil remains of Rajasaurus narmadensis , which lived in the Cretaceous Period , was discovered. The Narmada river has a huge water resources potential, as much as 33,210,000 acre-feet (40.96 km ) of average annual flow (more than 90% of this flow occurring during
1310-565: A population of 1,081,677. The Jabalpur metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) recorded a population of 1,268,848. The Narmada river bringing in freshwater from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed Jabalpur district into an agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice, and millet in the villages around Jabalpur. Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane, and medicinal crops. The state
1441-715: A slightly different account, in which Chandratreya is mentioned as a son of Indu (the Moon) and a grandson of Atri. The 1195 CE Baghari inscription and the 1260 CE Ajaygadh inscription contain similar accounts. The Balabhadra-vilasa also names Atri among the ancestors of the Chandelas. Another Khajuraho inscription describes the Chandela king Dhanga as a member of the Vrishni clan of the Yadavas (who also claimed to be part of
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#17327723447431572-514: A surprise attack by ( Ghurid ) Turkic forces, and unknowingly camped at the Chandela capital Mahoba . This led to a brief conflict between the Chandelas and the Chauhans, before Prithviraj left for Delhi. Sometime later, Prithviraj invaded the Chandela kingdom and sacked Mahoba. Paramardi cowardly took shelter in the Kalanjara fort. The Chandela force, led by Alha , Udal and other generals,
1703-856: A variety of birds. Hornbill and peafowl are the common birds. The flora of the national park consists of mainly sal , teak, tendu , aonla , mahua , bael , bamboo , and a variety of grasses and medicinal plants . Forest areas outside protected areas are also quite rich in floral and faunal diversity. Mandla Plant Fossils National Park , Dindori National fossils park Ghughuya is situated in Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh in India. This national park has plants in fossil form that existed in India anywhere between 40 million and 150 million years ago spread over seven villages of Mandla District (Ghuguwa, Umaria, Deorakhurd, Barbaspur, Chanti-hills, Chargaon and Deori Kohani). The Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
1834-464: A very short time. Madanavarman's grandson Paramardi-deva was the last powerful Chandela king. Paramardi (reigned c. 1165-1203 CE) ascended the Chandela throne at a young age. While the early years of his reign were peaceful, around 1182–1183 CE, the Chahamana ruler Prithviraj Chauhan invaded the Chandela kingdom. According to the medieval legendary ballads, Prithviraj's army lost its way after
1965-518: Is a fort built by the Gond king Madan Shahi in 1116 which is situated atop a hill in Jabalpur. Kachnar city is known for a 23-metre-high (76 ft) Shiva statue housing a cavern with replicas of Shiva lingas from 12 shrines nationwide. The city also houses the Rangawati Museum which was built in 1964 to commemorate Rani Durgavati . The museum also hosts ancient relics, sculptures and
2096-629: Is also known as 'Sanskardhani' meaning 'The Cultural Capital' highlighting the city's rich cultural and historical heritage. The city of Jabalpur was among the first 7 smart cities selected for the Smart Cities Mission . According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an Arabic origin of the word since jabal ( جبل ) in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in
2227-695: Is also said to have been engaged with the Sonbhadra , another river flowing on the Chota Nagpur Plateau . According to the Puranas , the Narmada is also called the Reva, from its leaping motion (from the root 'rev') through its rocky bed. The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess Muktidayani, or liberating mother. The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by
2358-434: Is also the most convenient airport for visiting National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries which surround the city of Jabalpur. The airport has direct connectivity with major cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore and Bilaspur. Alliance Air , Indigo and SpiceJet operate from here. Jabalpur Junction railway station , is one of the five major railway stations located in the city. Madan Mahal railway station
2489-640: Is an area that spreads over 274,100 m (2,950,387.8 sq ft). Such fossils are found in three other villages of the district also, but they lie outside the national park. The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve covers part of three civil districts viz., Narmadapuram, Betul and Chhindwara of Madhya Pradesh. The total area is 4,926.28 km (1,902.0 sq mi). It envelops three wildlife conservation units viz., Bori Sanctuary (518.00 km ), Satpura National Park (524.37 km (202.5 sq mi)), and Pachmarhi Sanctuary (461.37 km (178.1 sq mi)). Satpura National Park comprises
2620-531: Is an important divisional headquarters, having eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsimhapur, Katni, Dindori, Balaghat. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on 25 May 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, and Kundam. Jabalpur also has the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, Homeguards, and many other state and central government offices. There are seven blocks in
2751-621: Is an important place of worship in Madhya Pradesh. At first, the descent is rapid and the stream, quickening in pace, rushes over a barrier of rocks. The Sikta and the Kaveri join it below the Khandwa plain. At two points, at Mandhar, about 40 km (24.9 mi) below Nemawar , and Dadrai, 40 km (24.9 mi) further down near Punasa, the river falls over a height of about 12 m (39.4 ft). A few kilometres further down in Barwaha
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#17327723447432882-606: Is an important tourism centre of Central India. Notable sites include Marble Rocks in Bhedaghat , Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir , Madan Mahal , Dhuandhar Falls , Chausath-Yogini, Gwarighat, Balancing rock near Madan Mahal Fort and the Shiv Statue at Kachnar City. The world-renowned tiger reserves like Kanha National Park , Bandhavgarh National Park , and Pench National Park can be easily visited via Jabalpur. The largest wildlife sanctuary by area, Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
3013-475: Is charged with governance of the city's civic and infrastructural assets. The corporation has two wings: deliberative and executive. The head of the executive wing is a municipal commissioner who is responsible for the corporation's day-to-day operation and assists the deliberative wing in the decision-making process. The JMC council has one elected representative (corporate) from each ward. Council elections, by popular vote, are held every five years. A corporate from
3144-405: Is close to Jabalpur and can be easily visited. The recently notified Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve , 7th tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh also lies in close vicinity to Jabalpur. Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous shikharas . The temple has 22 shrines (vedis), making it the largest independent Jain temple in India. Madan Mahal
3275-486: Is credited with several military victories in eulogistic inscriptions. Rahila's son Harsha played an important role in restoring the rule of the Pratihara king Mahipala , possibly after a Rashtrakuta invasion or after Mahiapala's conflict with his step-brother Bhoja II . Harsha's son Yashovarman (r. c. 925–950 CE) continued to acknowledge the Pratihara suzerainty, but became practically independent. He conquered
3406-611: Is derived from Satpura hill ranges (Mahadeo hills) and covers an area of 524 km (202.3 sq mi) and along with the adjoining Bori and Panchmarhi Sanctuaries, provides 1,427 km (551.0 sq mi) of unique central Indian Highland ecosystem. Satpura National Park, being part of a unique ecosystem, is very rich in biodiversity. The fauna comprises tiger, leopard , sambar , chital , bhedki, nilgai , four-horned antelope , chinkara , gaur , wild boar , wild dog , sloth bear , black buck , fox, porcupine , flying squirrel , mouse deer , Indian giant squirrel . There are
3537-698: Is known for many universities such as Rani Durgavati University (also called the University of Jabalpur), Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University , Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University , Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University and Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur , Indian Council of Medical Research -NIRTH. Other institutions like Tropical Forest Research Institute , Jabalpur and MP State Forest Research Institute , Jabalpur are very important forest research centers based in Jabalpur. Narmada River The Narmada River , previously also known as Narbada or anglicised as Nerbudda ,
3668-579: Is located in the heart of Jabalpur City. Jabalpur city homes the Zonal Headquarters of West Central Railways (WCR). Jabalpur is also one of the three divisional headquarters in WCR. The boundaries of divisional headquarters extend up to Itarsi Junction in the south-west, Bina Junction station in the north, Manikpur Junction and Rewa station in the North East and Singrauli station in
3799-587: Is navigable for vessels of the burthen of 95 tonnes (i.e., 380 Bombay candies) up to Bharuch and for vessels up to 35 tonnes (140 Bombay candies) up to Shamlapitha or Ghangdia. The small vessels (10 tonnes) voyage up to Tilakawada in Gujarat. There are sand bases and shoals at mouth and at Bharuch. The nearby island of Kabirvad, in the Narmada River, features a gigantic Banyan tree , which covers 10,000 square metres (2.5 acres). The Narmada basin , hemmed between Vindhya and Satpura ranges, extends over an area of 98,796 km (38,145.3 sq mi) and lies on
3930-439: Is nearly 1,386 mm (54.6 in). The Winter begins in late November and lasts until early March. January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature near 15 °C (59 °F). Jabalpur has been ranked 2nd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' A species of noasaurid theropod dinosaur named Laevisuchus indicus
4061-477: Is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation. In Kharif crops occupy 60% and Rabi crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmed share 18% of farmland. Jabalpur has a variety of industries largely based in mineral substances of economic value found in the district, although the ready-made garments industry is a substantial portion of production in Jabalpur. Defence establishments started in
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4192-593: Is the 5th longest river in India and overall the longest west-flowing river in the country. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Pradesh . This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the "Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district in Madhya Pradesh. It forms
4323-836: Is the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, the Home-guards and other state and central-government offices. The Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India. In addition to the ordnance factories, other organisations present in the city include HQ Madhya Bharat Area, the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles Regimental Centre, the Grenadiers Regimental Centre, 1 Signal Training Centre, College of Material Management, Central Ordnance Depot, 506 Army Base Workshop, Military Hospital, HQ Chief Engineer Jabalpur Zone, Military Dairy Farm, and HQ Recruiting Zone. Civilian organisations which are part of
4454-612: Is under construction around Jabalpur which will be second longest ring road in India after Hyderabad's ORR . Longest elevated corridor of Madhya Pradesh is also present in Jabalpur City which is nearing completion. This will be one of the longest elevated roads in India. Jabalpur became a centre of higher education by the end of the 19th century, with institutions such as the Hitkarini Sabha , established by local citizens in 1868, and Robertson College (now bifurcated into
4585-534: The British colonial architecture . Jabalpur has a humid subtropical climate typical of north-central India (Madhya Pradesh and southern Uttar Pradesh ). Summer begins in late March, lasting until June. May is the hottest month, with an average temperature exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon , which lasts until early October and produces 889 mm (35 in) of rain from July to September. The average annual precipitation
4716-678: The Chalukya dynasty ). One of the Kalachuri ministers, Golok Simha Kayastha, was instrumental in founding the Chausath Yogini Temple near Bhedaghat . His descendants include Bhoj Simha, who was the Dewan to the Gond king Sangram Shah (1491–1543); Dewan Aadhar Singh Kayastha, who was the prime minister to Rani Durgavati (r. 1550–1564), and Beohar Raghuvir Sinha, the last Jagirdar of Jabalpur who reigned until 1947. Jabalpur
4847-762: The Government Science College, Jabalpur , and Mahakoshal Arts & Commerce College) was established in Sagar in 1836 and moved to Jabalpur in 1873. Government Engineering College, Jabalpur was the first technical institution in Central India to be established by the British. IIITDM Jabalpur was founded in 2005. Scholars, authors and politicians such as Ravishankar Shukla , Rajneesh , Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh had been in Jabalpur for some time in their life. Jabalpur
4978-588: The Gurjaras . These claims appear to be exaggerated, as similar claims of extensive conquests in northern India are also found in the records of the other contemporary kings such as the Kalachuri king Yuva-Raja and the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III . Yashovarman's reign marked the beginning of the famous Chandela-era art and architecture. He commissioned the Lakshmana Temple at Khajuraho. Unlike
5109-515: The Interstate River Water Disputes Act of 1956 to adjudicate on the dispute relating to sharing of water of the interstate Narmada and its valley. After ten years of deliberations and taking into considering the development of the water resources of the basin as a whole gave its award December 1978. Even though the tribunal award resolved the initial issue of water sharing, the height of dam, benefit sharing and
5240-835: The Maratha governor of Sagar , and made a tributary state of the Maratha Empire . The Maratha rulers of Sagar finally annexed the weakened Garha Kingdom in 1781. Around 1798, the Maratha Peshwa gave the Nerbuddah valley to the Bhonsle kings of Nagpur , who ruled the area until 1818, when it was seized by the British East India Company after the Battle of Sitabuldi . The British made Jabalpur
5371-678: The Ministry of Defence are the Cantonment Board, Controller of Defence Accounts, Defence Standardisation Cell and the Canteen Stores Department . Sweets in Jabalpur's local delicacy include Doodh ka Halwa, Kalakand, Bhaji Wada, Dal Mangode, Aloo Vada, Khoye ki Jalebi, Mawa-Bati, Khoprapak, Shrikhand, Malpua, Imarti and Makkhanvada. Khoye ki Jalebi, which is quite popular in Madhya Pradesh, was invented by Harprasad Badkul in 1889 at his shop, Badkul Halwai. Jabalpur
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5502-843: The Sher River , Shakkar River , the Dudhi River , the Tawa (biggest tributary) and the Ganjal. The Hiran , the Barna , the Choral , the Karam and the Lohar are the important tributaries joining from the north. Below Handia and Nemawar to Hiran fall (the deer's leap), the river is approached by hills from both sides. In this stretch the character of the river is varied. Omkareshwar , sacred to Shiva
5633-687: The Sindh - Baluchistan and Kutch . At one time, a marine ravine penetrated the very centre of Peninsular India through a narrow inlet along the present valley of Narmada. During this time India was divided into two halves by narrow strips of marine transgressions and there was no land communication between the Peninsular and northern India. Along the Narmada Valley, several patches of sediments have been deposited which contains ancient remains of animals. These fossils are similar to those found along
5764-718: The Vishvanatha Temple (c. 999–1002 CE) and the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (c. 1030 CE) were constructed during the reigns of Yashovarman, Dhanga and Vidyadhara respectively. These Nagara-style temples are representative of the most fully developed style at Khajuraho. By the end of Vidyadhara's reign, the Ghaznavid invasions had weakened the Chandela kingdom. Taking advantage of this, the Kalachuri king Gangeya-deva conquered eastern parts of
5895-474: The Bank conducting an Independent Review Mission (IRM) in 1991 of the Sardar Sarovar Project and identified several recommendations. However, the IRM's report was neither accepted by the Government of India or the World Bank . Finally the Government of India decided to terminate further drawing from the World Bank loan and would complete the project with national resources. The Supreme Court has also deliberated on this issue for several years but finally upheld
6026-478: The Chandela power by defeating Lakshmi-Karna. Kirtivarman's son Sallakshanavarman achieved military successes against the Paramaras and the Kalachuris, possibly by raiding their territories. A Mau inscription suggests that he also conducted successful campaigns in the Antarvedi region (the Ganga-Yamuna doab ). His son Jayavarman was of religious temperament and abdicated the throne after being tired of governance. Jayavarman appears to have died heirless, as he
6157-405: The Chandela power, and ruled as a sovereign until around 1202–1203 CE, when Qutb al-Din Aibak , the Ghurid Empire governor of Delhi , invaded the Chandela kingdom. According to Taj-ul-Maasir , a chronicle of the Delhi Sultanate , Paramardi surrendered to the Delhi forces. He promised to pay tribute to the Sultan, but died before he could keep this promise. His dewan offered some resistance to
6288-428: The Chandelas could not retain the newly annexed territory for long, and the region was recaptured by Yashovarman's son Lakshmivarman. Jayasimha Siddharaja , the Chaulukya king of Gujarat, also invaded the Paramara territory, which was located between the Chandela and the Chaulukya kingdoms. This brought him in conflict with Madanavarman. The result of this conflict appears to have been inconclusive, as records of both
6419-442: The Chandelas is obscured by mythical legends. The epigraphic records of the dynasty, as well as contemporary texts such as Balabhadra-vilasa and Prabodha-chandrodaya , suggest that the Chandelas belonged to the legendary Lunar dynasty ( Chandravansha ). A 954 CE Khajuraho inscription states that the dynasty's first king Nannuka was a descendant of sage Chandratreya, who was a son of Atri . A 1002 CE Khajuraho inscription gives
6550-518: The Chandelas were of either Bhar or Gond origin. Some other scholars including R. C. Majumdar also supported this theory. The Chandelas worshipped Maniya, a tribal goddess, whose temples are located at Mahoba and Maniyagadh. Besides, they have been associated with places that are also associated with Bhars and Gonds. Also, Rani Durgavati , whose family claimed Chandela descent married a Gond chief of Garha-Mandla . Historian R. K. Dikshit does not find these arguments convincing: he argues that Maniya
6681-402: The Hindu god Shiva . Tripurasura being the main asura, gave the city its puranic name Tripur Tirth. Tripuri region corresponds to the ancient Chedi Kingdom of Mahabharata times, to which king Shishupala belongs. Ashokan relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of the city, indicating the presence of the Mauryan Empire (322 to 185 BCE) in
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#17327723447436812-416: The Kalachuri king Gaya-Karna , and possibly annexed the northern part of the Baghelkhand region. However, the Chandelas lost this territory to Gaya-Karna's successor Narasimha . Madanavarman also captured the territory on the western periphery of the Paramara kingdom, around Bhilsa (Vidisha). This probably happened during the reign of the Paramara king Yashovarman or his son Jayavarman . Once again,
6943-472: The Khosla Committee recommended that further investigations be carried out on four of the seven proposed sites. The four sites included Tawa, Bargi, Punasa and the Broach Barrage and Canal Project. In 1951 CWNIC was renamed Central Waterways & Power Commission (CWPC) and in 1957 a senior member of the CWPC selected further investigations to be completed at Navagam, a site that fell under the Broach Project. Navagam eventually became CWPC's preferred site because
7074-402: The Lunar dynasty). The Mahoba-Khanda legend of the dynasty's origin goes like this: Hemaraja, a priest of the Gaharwar king of Benares , had a beautiful daughter named Hemavati. Once, while Hemavati was bathing in a pond, the moon god Chandra saw her and made love to her. Hemavati was worried about the dishonour of being an unwed mother, but Chandra assured her that their son would become
7205-441: The Narmada Control Authority had approved a series of changes in the final height and the associated displacement caused by the increased reservoir, from the original 80 m (260 ft) to a final 163 m (535 ft) from foundation. Investigations for harnessing the Narmada waters began in 1945 to 1946 by A. N. Khosla who was the chairman of the Central Waterways, Irrigation and Navigation Commission (CWINC). In 1948
7336-451: The Narmada National Park (496.70 km ), b) the Surmanya Sanctuary (126.67 km ) and c) Omkareshwar Sanctuary (119.96 km ) comprising a total area of 788.57 km (304.47 sq mi). Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary in Gujarat, near the Sardar Sarovar dam site, previously called the Dumkal Sloth Bear Sanctuary (old sanctuary has been expanded four times) now covers an area of about 607 km (234.4 sq mi), comprises
7467-405: The Narmada River. According to the Rewa Khand, the Narmada was created from Shiva's perspiration while he was performing penance on Mount Riksha. Due to this, the Narmada River is known as Shiva's daughter. In another legend, two teardrops fell from the eyes of Brahma , the creator of the universe, which yielded two rivers – the Narmada and the Son . Narmada is also considered sacred because of
7598-409: The Narmada did not have enough water supply to meet the requirements as planned by the two states. This began inter-State conflicts that went on for several years until 1963 when the Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat arrived at a set of compromises called the Bhopal Agreement. Gujarat State ratified the agreement but Madhya Pradesh did not, which led to another impasse. To break the logjam,
7729-412: The Narmada enters the Mandleshwar plain, the second basin about 180 km (111.8 mi) long and 65 km (40.4 mi) wide in the south. The northern strip of the basin is only 25 km (15.5 mi). The second valley section is broken only by Saheshwar Dhara fall. The early course of about 125 km (77.7 mi) up to Markari falls is met with a succession of cataracts and rapids from
7860-473: The Narmada enters three narrow valleys between the Vindhya scarps in the north and the Satpura range in the South. The southern extension of the valley is wider at most places. These three valley sections are separated by the closely approaching line of the scarps and the Satpura hills . Emerging from the Marble Rocks the river enters its first fertile basin, which extends about 320 km (198.8 mi), with an average width of 35 km (21.7 mi), in
7991-446: The Pratihara suzerainty. By the time of his successor Dhanga , the Chandelas had become a sovereign power. Their power rose and declined as they fought battles with the neighbouring dynasties, especially the Paramaras of Malwa and the Kalachuris of Tripuri . From the 11th century onwards, the Chandelas faced raids by the northern Muslim dynasties, including the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids . The Chandela power effectively ended around
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#17327723447438122-434: The Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP), ex-Maheshwar Project. The operation of Indira Sagar Project will be carried out in such a way as to facilitate the regulation of Sardar Sarovar. The dam and the powerhouse have been completed, but storage has been restricted up to EL 260 m under orders of the High Court, Jabalpur from R&R consideration. All the units of the powerhouse have been commissioned and generation of power from
8253-691: The Satpura range and the rest on the right bank are from the Vindhya range. Dhupgarh (1,350 m), near Pachmarhi is the highest point of the Narmada basin. The basin has five well defined physiographic regions. They are:(1) The upper hilly areas covering parts of Anuppur , Mandla , Dindori , Balaghat and Seoni , (2) The upper plains covering parts of Jabalpur , Narsinghpur , Chhindwara , Narmadapuram , Betul , Harda , Raisen and Sehore districts, (3) The middle plains covering parts of Khandwa , Khargone , Dewas , Indore and Dhar , (4) The lower hilly areas covering parts of Barwani , Alirajpur , Nandurbar , Chhota Udepur and Narmada , and (5)
8384-401: The Tribunal Award and allowed the construction to proceed, subject to conditions. The Court introduced a mechanism to monitor the progress of resettlement pari passu with the raising of the height of the dam through Grievance Redressal Authorities (GRA) in each of the party states. The court's decision referred in this document, given in the year 2000, after 7 years of deliberations, has paved
8515-411: The Vindhyas, but not the Vindhyan tableland , the streams from which flow into the Ganges and Yamuna . Like the Ganges, the Narmada River is a goddess and a river in Hinduism. The Matsya Purana states that all of the banks along the Narmada are sacred. Ptolemy called the Narmada River 'Nammadus' and the author of the Periplus called it 'Nammadios.' There are many stories about the origin of
8646-406: The beginning of the 13th century, following Chahamana and Ghurid invasions. The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture, most notably for the temples at their original capital Khajuraho . They also commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at other places, including their strongholds of Ajaigarh , Kalinjar and their later capital Mahoba . The origin of
8777-421: The blocks on either side due to ancient spreading of the Earth's crust. Two normal faults , known as the Narmada North fault and Narmada South fault, parallel to the river's course, and mark the boundary between the Narmada block and the Vindhya and Satpura blocks or Horsts which rose relative to the Narmada Graben. The Narmada's watershed includes the northern slopes of the Satpuras, and the steep southern slope of
8908-399: The city include Paat Baba Mandir , Gupteshwar Mandir, Bhadbhada falls, Gughra Fall, Osho Amritdham, Pisanhari Ki Madiya which is a historic Jain pilgrimage near Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College , and Nandishwardeep Jain temple. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 's ashram in Karondi village is located about 90 kms from the city. Lying on the Tropic of Cancer, the location is claimed to be
9039-423: The city. It is generally accepted that the game of snooker originated in Jabalpur. Jabalpur is also the railway headquarters of the West Central Railway . Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India and houses the army headquarters of five states ( Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Orissa , Bihar and Jharkhand ). The city is known for the marble rocks on the river Narmada at Bhedaghat . It
9170-552: The city. This has boosted the industrial development of Jabalpur. The important industries in Jabalpur are: The nominal GDP of Jabalpur District was estimated at Rs. 42,518 crores for the year 2020–21. M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has set up an I.T. park (Techno Park) in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22 km from the Jabalpur airport. Paytm started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018. Jabalpur covers an area of 263 square kilometres (102 sq mi). The Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC),
9301-414: The commission headquarters of the Narmada territories and established a cantonment here. Under the British Raj, Jabalpur became the capital of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories , which was part of the British North-Western Province. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories became part of the new Central Provinces in 1861 which in 1903 became the Central Provinces and Berar . By the early 20th Century Jabalpur
9432-516: The core zone and the remaining area of 4,501.91 km (1,738.2 sq mi)), surrounding the core zone serves as buffer zone. The area comprises 511 villages. The area exhibits variety of geological rock and soil formations. There is a wide spectrum of floral and faunal features that occupy the Satpura conservation area. It is one of the oldest forest reserves, which has an established tradition of scientific management of forests. It constitutes
9563-413: The district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages, and 4 forest villages. The presence of several industries in Jabalpur bolstered the industrial scenario of the city. However, the industrial growth of the area owes much to the defence establishments and the four ordnance factories. The presence of the military base and the ordnance factories have improved the infrastructure of
9694-406: The district. Jabalpur is divided into eight zones, each consisting of several wards. Jabalpur is the divisional headquarters for eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni , Mandla , Chhindwara , Narsinghpur , Katni , Dindori and Balaghat . The district, which was reconstituted on 25 May 1998, has seven tehsils : Jabalpur, Sihora , Patan , Majholi , Shahpura , Panagar and Kundam . The city
9825-513: The drier forests and scrublands of the Deccan to the south and Malwa and Gujarat to the west and northwest. The natural vegetation of the region is a three–tiered forest. Tectona grandis is the dominant canopy tree, in association with Diospyros melanoxylon , Dhaora ( Anogeissus latifolia ), Lagerstroemia parviflora , Terminalia tomentosa , Lannea coromandelica , Hardwickia binata and Boswellia serrata . Riparian areas along
9956-410: The earlier Chandela inscriptions, the records of Yashovarman's successor Dhanga (r. c. 950–999 CE) do not mention any Pratihara overlord. This indicates that Dhanga formally established the Chandela sovereignty. A Khajuraho inscription claims that the rulers of Kosala , Kratha (part of Vidarbha region), Kuntala , and Simhala listened humbly to the commands of Dhanga's officers. It also claims that
10087-602: The early 20th century. Jabalpur has Vehicle Factory Jabalpur , Grey Iron Foundry, Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur and Ordnance Factory Khamaria which belong to the Ordnance Factories Board manufacturing various products for the Indian Armed Forces . The Gun Carriage Factory was started in the year 1904 is well equipped and manufacture gun parts, mounting, shells, and a variety of the other product for war purposes. Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ)
10218-839: The east. All these railway lines are broad gauge lines. A narrow-gauge line existed between Jabalpur to Gondia station which has presently been converted to broad gauge . Now this line provides direct connectivity to Nagpur Junction railway station and Raipur Junction railway station , via Gondia Junction. Jabalpur Junction is well connected with Rail and has dedicated trains to New Delhi , Mumbai , Kolkata , Lucknow , SVDK Katra , Ajmer , Somnath , Pune , Bangalore , Coimbatore etc. Jabalpur has excellent road connectivity. A network of National Highways meet at Jabalpur. 4-lane NH 45 connects it to Bhopal, 4-lane NH 34 connects it to Nagpur, 4-lane NH 30 connects it to Varanasi and Mandla, NH 34 connects it to Damoh. Apart from this, Jabalpur also has good network of state highways. 114 Kms Ring Road
10349-454: The ecoregion is covered in relatively intact vegetation. The ecoregion includes some large blocks of habitat in the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. About 5% of the ecoregion lies within protected areas , including Bandhavgarh , Panna , and Sanjay National Parks . Some of the important national parks and wild life sanctuaries in the valley are the following-: Kanha National Park located in
10480-512: The eight units of 125 MW capacity, each commenced from January 2004. The irrigation component of the project is under a fairly advance stage of implementation. A River Sutra. ―The Criterion: An International Journal in English 3.3 (Sep 2012). Web. Dialogism, and Meta-narratives in postcolonial Fiction.‖ Universal Journal of educational and general studies. 1.2. (February 2012) Chandela dynasty#Descendants The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
10611-451: The elevated table land of Malwa to the low level of Gujarat plain. Towards the west of this basin, the hills draw very close but soon dwindle down. Below Makrai, the river flows between Vadodara district and Narmada district and then meanders through the rich plain of Bharuch district of Gujarat state. The banks are high between the layers of old alluvial deposits, hardened mud, gravels of nodular limestone and sand . The width of
10742-530: The fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of a parikrama or circumambulation of the river. The Narmada Parikrama, as it is called, is considered to be a meritorious act that a pilgrim can undertake. Many sadhus and pilgrims walk on foot from the Arabian Sea at Bharuch in Gujarat, along the river, to the source in Maikal Mountains (Amarkantak hills) in Madhya Pradesh and back along
10873-474: The falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara. The lower Narmada River Valley and the surrounding uplands, covering an area of 169,900 km (65,598.8 sq mi) consists of dry deciduous forests. The ecoregion lies between moister forests to the northeast, southeast, and southwest, which receive greater rainfall from the southeast monsoon , and
11004-561: The family continued ruling Kalanjara : its ruler was killed by Sher Shah Suri 's army in 1545 CE. Another minor branch ruled at Mahoba : Durgavati , one of its princesses married into the Gond royal family of Mandla . Some other ruling families also claimed Chandela descent (see Chandel ). The Chandelas are well known for their art and architecture. They commissioned a number of temples, water bodies, palaces and forts at various places. The most famous example of their cultural achievements are
11135-484: The founder of the dynasty, was the ruler of a small kingdom centered around Khajuraho . According to the Chandela inscriptions, Nannuka's successor Vakpati defeated several enemies. Vakpati's sons Jayashakti (Jeja) and Vijayashakti (Vija) consolidated the Chandela power. According to a Mahoba inscription, the Chandela territory was named "Jejakabhukti" after the Jayashakti. Vijayashakti's successor Rahila
11266-521: The geographical central point of India by Yogi. The Jabalpur Airport (JLR), also known as Dumna Airport, is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) away from the city center. It is located near the Dumna Nature Reserve . It serves as the only airport in the eastern Madhya Pradesh also serving the districts of Narsinghpur , Chhindwara , Sagar , Damoh , Katni , Mandla , Balaghat , Seoni , Umaria , Anuppur , Shahdol , Satna , Rewa . It
11397-471: The geography allowed the dam's height to be raised higher. In 1960, the federal Government of India's Ministry of Irrigation and Power consultant team recommended that the Navagam Dam height be raised in one phase and that the drought prone areas in then Bombay State (modern day Saurashtra and Kutch regions) receive irrigation. On 1 May 1960 Bombay state was separated into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The Navagam Dam site and Broach Project fell under
11528-583: The imperial title Maharajadhiraja , which indicates that the Chandela king had a lower status by his time. The Chandela power continued to decline because of the rising Muslim influence, as well as the rise of other local dynasties, such as the Bundelas , the Baghelas and the Khangars . Hammiravarman was succeeded by Viravarman II, whose titles do not indicate a high political status. One minor branch of
11659-958: The important fortress of Kalanjara . A 953–954 CE Khajuraho inscription credits him with several other military successes, including against Gaudas (identified with the Palas ), the Khasas , the Chedis (the Kalachuris of Tripuri ), the Kosalas (possibly the Somavamshis ), the Mithila (possibly a small tributary ruler), Malavas (identified with the Paramaras ), the Kurus , the Kashmiris and
11790-501: The invading forces, but was ultimately subdued. The 16th century historian Firishta states that Paramardi was assassinated by his own minister, who disagreed with the king's decision to surrender to the Delhi forces. The Chandela power did not fully recover from their defeat against the Delhi forces. Paramardi was succeeded by Trailokyavarman , Viravarman and Bhojavarman . The next ruler Hammiravarman (r. c. 1288–1311 CE) did not use
11921-518: The kingdom. Chandela inscriptions suggest that Vidyadhara's successor Vijayapala (r. c. 1035–1050 CE) defeated Gangeya in a battle. However, the Chandela power started declining during the Vijayapala's reign. The Kachchhapaghatas of Gwalior probably gave up their allegiance to the Chandelas during this period. Vijayapala's elder son Devavavarman was subjugated by Gangeya's son Lakshmi-Karna . His younger brother Kirttivarman resurrected
12052-462: The kingdoms claim victory. A Kalanjara inscription suggests that Madanavarman defeated Jayasimha. On the other hand, the various chronicles of Gujarat claim that Jayasimha either defeated Madanavarman or extracted a tribute from him. Madanavarman maintained friendly relations with his northern neighbours, the Gahadavalas . Madanavarman's son Yashovarman II either did not rule, or ruled for
12183-566: The latter at Vyas in Vadodara district of Gujarat, opposite each other and form a Triveni (confluence of three rivers) on the Narmada. The Amaravati and the Bhukhi are other tributaries of significance. Opposite the mouth of the Bhukhi is a large drift called Alia Bet or Kadaria Bet. The tidal rise is felt up to 32 km (19.9 mi) above Bharuch, where the neap tides rise to about a metre and spring tide 3.5 m (11.5 ft). The river
12314-482: The lower plains covering mainly the districts of Narmada, Bharuch , and parts of Vadodara district . The hill regions are well forested. The upper, middle and lower plains are broad and fertile areas, well suited for cultivation. The Narmada basin mainly consists of black soils. The coastal plains in Gujarat are composed of alluvial clays with a layer of black soils on the surface. The valley experiences extremes of hydrometeorological and climatic conditions with
12445-596: The majority party is selected as mayor. Jabalpur contributes one member to the Lok Sabha . Ashish Dubey of Bharatiya Janata Party had been elected as the Member of Parliament in the 2024 Lok Sabha election . The city sends eight members to the State Legislative Assembly : four from the city (Jabalpur Purba, Jabalpur Uttar, Jabalpur Cantonment and Jabalpur Paschim) and four from rural areas of
12576-399: The mode of settlement of affected people caused serious difficulties in implementation, particularly of the Sardar Sarovar dam. The social movement Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) was formed to address environmental concerns and rehabilitation and resettlement of affected people. The movement created worldwide attention to the major development activity planned in the valley. This resulted in
12707-626: The monsoon months of June – September), which according to estimates is greater than the combined annual flows of the Ravi , Beas and the Sutlej rivers, which feed the Indus basin. The 75% dependable flow is 28,000,000 acre-feet (35 km ). As one of the 30 dams planned on river Narmada, the Sardar Sarovar Dam is the largest structure to be built. It is the second largest concrete dam in
12838-663: The newly formed State of Gujarat and further development and planning was given to the Gujarat State government. The Gujarat State government began planning studies for harnessing Narmada's water past the Punasa site in Madhya Pradesh. At the same time, the Government of Madhya Pradesh was also finalising a separate report for the Punasa Project. The competing plans led to inter-State water conflicts to arise because
12969-649: The northern extremity of the Deccan Plateau . The basin covers large areas in the states of Madhya Pradesh (82%), Gujarat (12%) and a comparatively smaller area in Maharashtra (4%) and in Chhattisgarh (2%). 60% of the basin is made up of arable land, 35% is forest cover and 5% is made up of other types of land such as grassland or wasteland. In the entire course of the river of 1,312 km (815.2 mi), there are 41 tributaries, out of which 22 are from
13100-569: The opposite bank of the river. It is a 2,600-kilometre (1,600 mi) walk. The spiritual journey is usually taken for 3 years, 3 months and 13 days and the pilgrims are stipulated not to cross the river at any point of time. Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur , Barwaha , Narmadapuram , Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, and Rajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa and Bhimbetka , and among
13231-477: The pebbles known as banalinga that are found on the river bed. The pebbles are made up of white quartz and are linga shaped. They are believed to be the personified form of Shiva and there is a popular saying, "Narmada Ke Kanker utte Sankar" which means that 'Shiva is in the pebbles of Narmada'. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada in Omkareshwar, a town on the banks of the Narmada. Narmada
13362-539: The proposed villages (6,513) by 2010 in Gujarat. The Indira Sagar Project (ISP) at Punasa is one of the 30 major projects proposed in the Narmada basin with the largest storage capacity in the country. The project is located near Punasa village, in Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh. This Multipurpose River Valley Project envisages construction of a concrete gravity dam, 653 metres (2,142 ft) long and 92 metres (302 ft) high with gross storage capacity of
13493-566: The region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to Jauli Pattala , a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in Kalachuri inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the Huna queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as Jubbulpore during British rule In 2006, the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation renamed the city to Jabalpur. Mythology describes three Asuras (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by
13624-765: The region. When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a city-state before coming under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a vassal state of the Gupta Empire (320 to 550). The region was conquered by the Kalachuri Dynasty in 875 CE. The best known Kalachuri ruler was Yuvaraja-Deva I ( r. 915–945), who married Nohla Devi (a princess of
13755-402: The regions' rivers and streams, which receive yearg– round water, are home to moist evergreen forests, whose dominant tree species are Terminalia arjuna , Syzygium cumini (Jambul), Syzygium Heyneanum , Salix tetrasperma , Homonoia riparia , and Vitex negundo . The ecoregion is home to 76 species of mammals and to 276 bird species, none of which are endemic . About 30% of
13886-548: The reservoir of 12.22 km (9,910,000 acre⋅ft) and live storage of 9.75 km (7,900,000 acre⋅ft) to provide an annual irrigation potential of 1,690 km (650 sq mi) and a generation of 1000 MW of hydropower . The project also ensures supply of 60,000 acre⋅ft (74,000,000 m ) of drinking water to rural areas in Khandwa district. In accordance with NWDT award, an annual regulated flow of 8,120,000 acre⋅ft (10.02 km ) shall be released to
14017-569: The river reveals the Marble Rocks , where the river has carved the soft marble, creating a gorge of about 8 km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Jabalpur. Lamheta Ghat and Tilwara Ghat are well-known Ghats on the banks of Narmada River. The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed. Other tourist destinations near
14148-531: The river spans from about 1.5 km (0.9 mi) at Makrai to 3 km (1.9 mi) near Bharuch and to an estuary of 21 km (13.0 mi) at the Gulf of Cambay . An old channel of the river, 1 km (0.6 mi) to 2 km (1.2 mi) south from the present one, is very clear below Bharuch. The Karanjan and the Orsing are the most important tributaries in the original course. The former joins at Rundh and
14279-847: The river the Namnadius (Ναμνάδιος), Ptolemy called it Namadus (Νάμαδος) and Namades (Ναμάδης) and the British Raj called it the Nerbudda or Narbada. Narmada is a Sanskrit word meaning "The Giver of Pleasure" . The source of the Narmada is a small reservoir, known as the Narmada Kund . It is located at Amarkantak on the Amarkantak Plateau in the Anuppur District on Shahdol zone of eastern Madhya Pradesh . The river descends from Sonmuda, then falls over
14410-533: The rivers in India that flows in a rift valley , bordered by the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. As a rift valley river, the Narmada does not form a delta; Rift valley rivers form estuaries. Other rivers which flow through the rift valley include the Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but between different ranges. It flows through
14541-592: The south. In the north, the valley is limited to the Barna–Bareli plain terminating at Barkhara Hills opposite Narmadapuram . However, the hills again recede in the Kannod plains. The banks are about (12 m (39.4 ft)) high. It is in the first valley of the Narmada that many of its important tributaries from the south join it and bring the waters of the northern slopes of the Satpura Hills . Among them are:
14672-409: The states of Madhya Pradesh (1,077 km (669.2 mi)), and Maharashtra , (74 km (46.0 mi)), (39 km (24.2 mi)) (actually along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km (24.2 mi)) and then the border between Maharashtra and Gujarat (74 km (46.0 mi)) and in Gujarat (161 km (100.0 mi)). The Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. 80 AD) called
14803-519: The supercontinent Pangea broke into two large masses. The northern part was Laurasia and the southern continental mass was Gondwana . Between the two continents, a large sea, Tethys existed. Presently the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau have taken the position of the ancient Tethys Ocean . The Gondwana was intruded by few large marine transgressions . A deep gulf or sea existed along
14934-643: The territory he inherited. His son Vidyadhara killed the Pratihara king of Kannauj (possibly Rajyapala) for fleeing his capital instead of fighting the Ghaznavid invader Mahmud of Ghazni . Mahmud later invaded Vidyadhara's kingdom; according to the Muslim invaders, this conflict ended with Vidyadhara paying tribute to Mahmud. Vidyadhara is noted for having commissioned the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple . The Chandela art and architecture reached its zenith during this period. The Lakshmana Temple (c. 930–950 CE),
15065-463: The tracts of Tapi river . Such similarity probably suggests that even about 3 million years ago, Narmada and Tapi were confluent and the separate fate of these two rivers was decided by recent earth movements. The Bhedaghat falls of Narmada, near Jabalpur , was probably created during one such movement. The Narmada Valley is a graben , a layered block of the Earth's crust that dropped down relative to
15196-465: The traditional boundary between North and South India and flows westwards for 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea , 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat . It is one of only two major rivers in peninsular India that runs from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River . It is one of
15327-430: The upper catchment having an annual precipitation in the range of 1,000 mm (3.3 ft) to 1,850 mm (6.1 ft) and with half or even less than half in its lower regions (650 mm (2.1 ft)–750 mm (2.5 ft)); the diversity of vegetation from lush green in the upper region to dry deciduous teak forest vegetation in the lower region is testimony to this feature. About 160 million years ago,
15458-577: The upper reaches of Narmada, about 18 km (11.2 mi) from Mandla, boasts of several wild animals including the Tiger . Two tributaries of Narmada, namely, Sulkum and Banjar, flow through this park. It is one of the best National Parks of Asia , which has been described vividly by Rudyard Kipling in his famous creation The Jungle Book . Satpura National Park , set up in 1981, is located in Narmadapuram district of Madhya Pradesh . Its name
15589-490: The way for completing the project to attain full envisaged benefits. The Narmada canal brings water from the Sardar Sarovar dam to the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. The canal is 532 km long, with 485 km in Gujarat and 75 km in Rajasthan. The Narmada canal has helped both states supply water to arid regions of Kutch and Saurashtra for irrigation purposes. The Narmada canal had covered over 68 percent of
15720-440: The wives of the kings of Andhra , Anga , Kanchi and Raḍha resided in his prisons as a result of his success in wars. These appear to be eulogistic exaggerations by a court poet, but suggest that Dhanga did undertake extensive military campaigns. Like his predecessor, Dhanga also commissioned a magnificent temple at Khajuraho, which is identified as the Vishvanatha Temple . Dhanga's successor Ganda appears to have retained
15851-693: The world in terms of the volume of concrete used in its construction, after the Grand Coulee Dam across the Columbia River , US. It is a part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involving the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectricity multi-purpose dams on the Narmada River. After a number of cases before the Supreme Court of India (1999, 2000, 2003), by 2014
15982-670: Was an Indian dynasty in Central India . The Chandelas ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti ) between the 9th and the 13th centuries. They belonged to the Chandel clan of the Rajputs . The Chandelas initially ruled as feudatories of the Gurjara-Pratiharas of Kanyakubja (Kannauj). The 10th century Chandela ruler Yashovarman became practically independent, although he continued to acknowledge
16113-475: Was an important centre of power during the rule of the Gond kings of Garha-Mandla . The ruler of Garha-Mandla , Madan Shah, (1138–1157) built a watchtower and a small hilltop fort at Madan Mahal , an area in Jabalpur. In the 1500s, the Gond king, Sangram Shah held Singorgarh fort . Rani Durgawati was a princess of the Chandela Dynasty who was married to Dalpat Shah of the Gond dynasty . She
16244-480: Was defeated in this battle. According to the various ballads, Paramardi either committed suicide out of shame or retired to Gaya . Prithviraj Chauhan's raid of Mahoba is corroborated by his Madanpur stone inscriptions. However, there are several instances of historical inaccuracies in the bardic legends. For example, it is known that Paramardi did not retire or die immediately after the Chauhan victory. He restored
16375-430: Was discovered near Jabalpur in 1917 by Charles Alfred Matley and described by Friedrich von Huene and Matley in 1932. Another small dinosaur discovered at that time by Friedrich von Huene and described by the team in 1932, named Jubbulpuria tenuis , was categorised as junior synonym of Laevisuchus indicus in 2024. In the 2011 India census, the Jabalpur city (the area covered by the municipal corporation) recorded
16506-405: Was not a tribal deity. Also, the dynasty's association with Gond territory is not necessarily indicative of a common descent: the dynasty's progenitor may have been posted as a governor in these territories. Finally, Durgavati's marriage to a Gond chief can be dismissed as a one-off case. The Chandelas were originally vassals of the Gurjara-Pratiharas . Nannuka (r. c. 831 –845 CE),
16637-482: Was notable for its debates on strategies for India's independence. A memorial gate, Kamania Gate, was built in the city to commemorate these events. After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces and Berar became the state of Madhya Pradesh. Under British rule, and among others in the works of Kipling , the city name was spelled Jubbulpore . The city's institutional buildings still showcase
16768-480: Was started as a manufacturer of trucks and other defence vehicles. The other two are Grey Iron Foundry (GIF) and Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK). Armed forces make up a large portion of the city and economy in this city. The city has three regimental centres: Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. Jabalpur is also the army headquarters of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa. Jabalpur
16899-525: Was succeeded by his uncle Prithvivarman , the younger son of Kirttivarman. The Chandela inscriptions do not ascribe any military achievements to him; it appears that he was focused on maintaining the existing Chandela territories without adopting an aggressive expansionist policy. By the time Prithvivarman's son Madanavarman (r. c. 1128–1165 CE) ascended the throne, the neighbouring Kalachuri and Paramara kingdoms had been weakened by enemy invasions. Taking advantage of this situation, Madanavarman defeated
17030-603: Was the headquarters of a brigade in the 5th division of the Southern Army. A significant event was the Tripuri Congress session in 1939, led by Subhash Chandra Bose . Under the guidance of Lokmanya Tilak , the Flag Satyagraha was successfully launched. Mahatma Gandhi visited Jabalpur four times. The Congress session in 1939, where Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president against Gandhi's wishes,
17161-533: Was well aware of the importance of water conservation, and hence she built more than 85 ponds in Jabalpur, mainly in Ranital, Haathital, Madhatal and Hanumantal. The Gond king, Hriday Shah (1634-1668), moved his court to the Mandla fort. He secured water sources and built irrigation structures. The kingdom was invaded in 1742 by the Maratha peshwa (prime minister), Balaji Baji Rao along with Visaji Chandorkar,
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