Grupo Escorpion
149-1210: United States: California , New York , Oregon , Illinois , Texas , Georgia , Florida , Washington Australia : Victoria , New South Wales South America : Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Brazil , Venezuela , Chile , Bolivia , Paraguay , Guyana , Argentina , Uruguay Europe : France , United Kingdom , Balkans , Italy , Spain Grupo Blanco (Los Balcanes' elite group for drug smuggling and prostitution) Sangre Nueva Zeta Grupo X (armed wing) Grupo Delta (armed wing) Los Cabos (armed wing in Baja California) Zicuirán New Generation Cartel San Luis Potosí New Generation Cartel New Generation Tijuana Cartel (CTNG) Principi group Tláhuac Cartel Juárez Cartel La Línea Caborca Cartel Gulf Cartel Clan del Golfo Popular Liberation Army 'Ndrangheta The Jalisco New Generation Cartel ( Spanish : Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación ) or CJNG ,
298-597: A Chrysler Voyager in the border city of Nuevo Laredo , Tamaulipas , on 17 April 2012. All of those killed were between the ages of 30 and 35. Officials stated that they found a "message signed by a criminal group," but they did not release the content of the note, nor if those killed were members of Los Zetas or of the Gulf Cartel. CNN en Español stated that the message left behind by the criminal group said that they were going to "clean up Nuevo Laredo" by killing Zeta members. The Monitor newspaper, however, said that
447-475: A mass shooting at La Playa Men's Club , a nightclub in Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico. 15 people were killed and between 7-9 were injured. The authorities only reported fourteen deaths hiding the real figure. The attack was due to reports about the sea in the interior of the place and for not paying a floor charge. Witnesses described the attackers as a group of armed men who arrived in three CJNG vans. Previously
596-521: A 16-inch (approximately 40 cm) hole in the wall of the building. At the time of the bombing, the consulate general office was closed and no injuries were sustained. It is unconfirmed if the attack was carried out by the CJNG or a rival gang trying to hurt the CJNG's reputation. In March 2017, infighting within the CJNG showed when Oseguera ordered the murder of high-ranking CJNG member Carlos Enrique Sánchez, alias "El Cholo". The plot to murder Sánchez, who
745-473: A Caliph) on their way to Guerrero, Mexico where they played a future role in the wars of independence . Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain , putting ashore in Monterey . Despite the on-the-ground explorations of California in the 16th century, Rodríguez's idea of California as an island persisted. Such depictions appeared on many European maps well into
894-459: A Spanish navigator." The name most likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of Queen Calafia , as recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo . Queen Calafia's kingdom was said to be a remote land rich in gold and pearls, inhabited by beautiful Black women who wore gold armor and lived like Amazons , as well as griffins and other strange beasts. Abbreviations of
1043-558: A bill that would list the cartel and others as foreign terrorist organizations . US President Donald Trump expressed interest in designating cartels as terrorists. However, he halted plans at the request of Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador . From 2018 to 2020, the CJNG engaged in 298 reported acts of gang-related violence; more than any other cartel. By 2020, US officials considered CJNG its "biggest criminal drug threat" and Mexico's former security commissioner called it "the most urgent threat to Mexico's national security". With
1192-547: A brief alliance with Los Zetas (La Resistencia was founded by Sinaloa to counter Los Zetas), and started a turf war for the control of the region. Some members of the Milenio Cartel, then a Sinaloa Cartel branch, who splintered and formed the CJNG were Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes ( El Mencho ), Érick Valencia Salazar ( El 85 ) and Martín Arzola Ortega ( El 53 ). With this split, a turf war against La Resistencia , headed by Ramiro Pozos ( El Molca ), and Los Zetas for
1341-614: A cleaner Mexico. These murdered men were then linked to individuals who had been shown in a video on YouTube while being interviewed by masked men armed with assault rifles. A number of videos online confirmed the existence of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, which was dedicated at that time to kill Gulf Cartel and Zeta members alike. In the interrogation videos done by the Mata Zetas, the captured cartel members confessed their criminal activities and gave out
1490-598: A commodity until the 1849 California Gold Rush . From the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail , California Trail , Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. The early government of the newly independent Mexico
1639-405: A cook; a mechanic; a dentist; a truck driver; and a house painter, among others. According to the testimonies of several family members, a group of heavily armed men abducted several people by force. One of the witnesses said that some teenagers were "drinking soda in front of a store when armed men" in two trucks abducted them. The family of one of the kidnapped victims claimed that their loved one
SECTION 10
#17327658670481788-550: A female pedestrian were killed in the assassination attempt as well. While Tweeting from his hospital bed, Garcia blamed the CJNG for the failed attempt on his life and had 12 suspected CJNG members arrested by the end of the day. The same day, it emerged that the CJNG still controlled organized crime in Jalisco, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, but no longer was listed as having such control in any municipality in Veracruz and still
1937-509: A few years of bloody turf wars. The Sinaloa Cartel's return to Nuevo Laredo, however, was seen again in March 2012 after Guzmán reportedly left several corpses and a message heralding his return. According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics , Nuevo Laredo is the busiest border crossing in terms of truck crossings with over 1.7 million trucks a year, more than double than any other crossing on
2086-576: A free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians", were de facto enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians . One of these de facto slave auctions was approved by the Los Angeles City Council and occurred for nearly twenty years. There were many massacres in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed by settlers for their land. Between 1850 and 1860,
2235-500: A major avenue in Boca del Río. Once the traffic stopped, armed men abandoned two trucks in the middle of the highway. They opened the doors of the trucks and pulled out the thirty-five corpses, leaving a written message behind. Other gunmen pointed their weapons at the frightened drivers. The gunmen then fled the scene. Consequently, the stunned motorists began to grab their cellphones and post messages on Twitter warning other drivers to avoid
2384-636: A major presence in the Mexican states of Morelos, State of Mexico and Mexico City. However, CJNG still had strongholds in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo and Veracruz. The CJNG also made its presence in Ciudad Juárez with its New Juárez Cartel, though it failed to deter the hold which La Linea and the Sinaloa Cartel's Los Salazar affiliate had over the Ciudad Juárez drug trafficking market as well. On 23 June 2020, it
2533-624: A modest home which in the 1960s cost $ 25,000 would cost half a million dollars or more in urban areas by 2005. More people commuted longer hours to afford a home in more rural areas while earning larger salaries in the urban areas. Speculators bought houses, expecting to make a huge profit in months, then rolling it over by buying more properties. Mortgage companies were compliant, as people assumed prices would keep rising. The bubble burst in 2007–8 as prices began to crash. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared, as financial institutions and investors were badly hurt. In
2682-469: A part of Mexico. In 1846, the total settler population of the western part of the old Alta California had been estimated to be no more than 8,000, plus about 100,000 Native Americans, down from about 300,000 before Hispanic settlement in 1769. In 1848, only one week before the official American annexation of the area, gold was discovered in California, this being an event which was to forever alter both
2831-438: A part of the finance ministry tasked with combating and preventing money laundering, then managed to have 1,770 bank accounts of CJNG-linked individuals frozen. Bank accounts to 16 CJNG-linked companies and two trusts linked to the CJNG were frozen as well. The move came after armed assailants stormed a live CJNG-provided concert on 29 May 2020 in the Veracruz city of Tierra Blanca, injuring two and killing six. Those killed included
2980-494: A shootout with police. López, also known as "Dame of Death", was suspected of being the CJNG leader in Mexico's Tierra Caliente region. In March 2020, it was announced that a secret six-month DEA operation known as "Operation Python" resulted in the arrest of 600 CJNG operatives and the seizure of $ 20 million in cash. The number of arrests was revised to 750, though it was still thought the CJNG could still partake in trafficking within
3129-470: A shopping mall in Boca del Río, Veracruz . All of the corpses were alleged to be members of Los Zetas, but it was later proven that only six of them had been involved in minor crime incidents, and none of them were involved with organized crime. Some of the victims had their hands tied and showed signs of having been tortured. According to El Universal , at around 17:00 an undetermined number of vehicles blocked
SECTION 20
#17327658670483278-748: A short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento . Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the U.S. Congress for admission to statehood . On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 , California became a free state and September 9 a state holiday . During the American Civil War (1861–1865), California sent gold shipments eastward to Washington in support of
3427-543: A significant amount of land in Querétaro, Hidalgo and even their native state of Guanajuanto. According to Balderas, “The most recent outbreaks of violence have been the execution of the last soldiers [of the CSRL].” However, some Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel members still remain in certain municipalities of Guanajuato, such as Villagrán. However, the area was not known for still being active in organized crime. On 22 June, it
3576-542: A small presence in certain municipalities of Guanajuato, such as Celaya, Santa Rosa de Lima, Irapuato, Apaseo, San Miguel Octopan, Cortazar, Salamanca, Villagrán, they are active in organized crime. Ortiz was captured by state and federal authorities on 2 August 2020 along with 5 other people. The name of the Cartel refers to the town of Santa Rosa de Lima located in the municipality of Villagrán in Guanajuato . There,
3725-532: A source outside of law enforcement but with direct knowledge of the attacks stated the 14 bodies belonged to members of Los Zetas who had been killed by the CJNG, now a branch of the Sinaloa Cartel. Following the attacks, the Sinaloa cartel's kingpin, Joaquín Guzmán Loera—better known as El Chapo Guzmán —sent a message to Los Zetas that they will fight for the control of the Nuevo Laredo plaza. The message read
3874-612: A state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 with only
4023-493: A substance believed to be methamphetamine. Those arrested had arrived to receive their weekly payroll. The newspaper Milenio confirmed that in addition to these 26 arrests, at least four other people with links to the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel were arrested after raids on properties near the border between Celaya and Villagrán, the municipality where the criminal organization has been based. However, El Marro managed to escape
4172-621: Is Sacramento . The state's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast and metropolitan areas in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, and from the redwood and Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. Two-thirds of the nation's earthquake risk lies in California. The Central Valley , a fertile agricultural area, dominates the state's center. The large size of
4321-493: Is a Mexican criminal syndicate , based in Jalisco and headed by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes ("El Mencho"). The cartel has been characterized by extreme violence and public relations campaigns. Though the CJNG is known for diversifying into various criminal rackets , drug trafficking (primarily cocaine and methamphetamine ) remains its most profitable activity. The cartel has been noted for cannibalizing some victims during
4470-523: Is a Mexican criminal organization from the state of Guanajuato . Founded in 2014, it was initially headed by "The Sledgehammer". They mainly earn their income from oil theft. In June 2020, it was reported that state government raids and turf wars with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel resulted in the Santa Rosa de Lima losing much of their territories in Guanajuato, Querétaro and Hidalgo and all of their "soldiers." However, cartel members still maintain
4619-511: Is a response to the killings done by the Matazetas against Los Zetas in the state of Veracruz. The dismembered remains of 18 bodies were found inside a Toyota Sienna and Ford EcoSport near the U.S. retiree communities in Chapala, Jalisco , just south of the city of Guadalajara . Eighteen heads were found along the dismembered bodies; some had been frozen, others were covered in lime, and
Jalisco New Generation Cartel - Misplaced Pages Continue
4768-417: Is difficult because of police corruption . The retention and hiring of new police officers is poor, and many of Mexico's smaller communities prefer to police themselves. Vigilantism is one way in which communities resist the control of cartels and the government. Though the government has asked these groups to lay down arms, the vigilantes continue with some success. In 2019, US congressman Chip Roy introduced
4917-505: Is going to happen to all the Zetas-fucks who continue to operate in Veracruz. This territory has a new proprietor. The Blog del Narco reported on 21 September 2011 that the message was supposedly signed by Gente Nueva , an enforcer group that works for Joaquín Guzmán Loera , the top boss of the Sinaloa cartel. Nonetheless, on 27 September 2011, the CJNG released a video claiming they had carried out these attacks. They apologized for
5066-526: Is the home of Hollywood , the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, profoundly influencing global entertainment. The San Francisco Bay and the Greater Los Angeles areas are seen as the centers of the global technology and U.S. film industries, respectively. The Spaniards gave the name Las Californias to the peninsula of Baja California (in modern-day Mexico). As Spanish explorers and settlers moved north and inland,
5215-504: The Battle of Providencia near Los Angeles, he convinced each side that they had no reason to be fighting each other. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born Pio Pico was returned to the governorship. This paved the way to California's ultimate acquisition by the United States. In 1846, a group of American settlers in and around Sonoma rebelled against Mexican rule during
5364-652: The Bear Flag Revolt . Afterward, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's only president was William B. Ide , who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. This revolt by American settlers served as a prelude to the later American military invasion of California and was closely coordinated with nearby American military commanders. The California Republic
5513-715: The California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop an efficient system of public education. Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. California manufactured 9% of US armaments produced during World War II , ranking third behind New York and Michigan . California easily ranked first in production of military ships at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and
5662-511: The Graham Affair , which was resolved in part with the intercession of Royal Navy officials. One of the largest ranchers in California was John Marsh . After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, the soil, and other reasons to settle there, as well as
5811-553: The Indigenous people of California had not yet developed a natural immunity. Under its new American administration, California's first governor Peter Hardeman Burnett instituted policies that have been described as a state-sanctioned policy of elimination of California's indigenous people. Burnett announced in 1851 in his Second Annual Message to the Legislature: "That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between
5960-459: The Matazetas uploaded a video on the Blog del Narco . The recording, which is slightly over four minutes, shows several men dressed in black, with ski-masks and heavily armed; some of them (apparently the leaders) were sitting down at a table—as has been observed in other videos of the CJNG. In the communiqué, the men said that they will "clean up the states of Guerrero and Michoacán ," and informed
6109-566: The Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With nearly 39 million residents across an area of 163,696 square miles (423,970 km ), it is the most populous U.S. state, the third-largest by area, and most populated subnational entity in North America . Prior to European colonization , California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America . European exploration in
Jalisco New Generation Cartel - Misplaced Pages Continue
6258-468: The Mexico–United States border . Nuevo Laredo is the fourth-busiest border crossing in terms of passenger vehicles. Patrick Corcoran of InSight Crime believes that the turf war in Nuevo Laredo will bring a huge wave of violence, but also mentioned that the circumstances have changed since the split of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas in early 2010. The current alliance between Guzmán's Sinaloa Cartel and
6407-616: The Presidio of San Diego , the first religious and military settlements founded by the Spanish in California. By the end of the expedition in 1770, they would establish the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo on Monterey Bay. After the Portolà expedition, Spanish missionaries led by Father-President Serra set out to establish 21 Spanish missions of California along El Camino Real ("The Royal Road") and along
6556-774: The Route 66 . From 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to the greatest in the Union. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 90% non-Hispanic white. To meet the population's needs, engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts ; the Oroville and Shasta Dams ; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built. The state government adopted
6705-527: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (February 2, 1848) that ended the war, the westernmost portion of the annexed Mexican territory of Alta California soon became the American state of California, and the remainder of the old territory was then subdivided into the new American Territories of Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah . The even more lightly populated and arid lower region of old Baja California remained as
6854-673: The coast of California were the members of a Spanish maritime expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Cabrillo was commissioned by Antonio de Mendoza , the Viceroy of New Spain , to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island . Privateer and explorer Francis Drake explored and claimed an undefined portion of
7003-665: The federal government , the Armed Forces and the Federal Police that the CJNG has no problems with them. Then they went on to say that the CJNG was going to start a turf war "against the Knights Templar Cartel, who were reportedly "abusing of innocent people" and operating through "kidnappings, extortion, protection racketeering, property theft, and rape." Vigilante groups consisting of local townspeople, known as autodefensas, have been taking arms against
7152-544: The 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War . The California gold rush started in 1848 and led to social and demographic changes, including depopulation of Indigenous tribes. The western portion of Alta California
7301-513: The 18th century. The Portolá expedition of 1769–70 was a pivotal event in the Spanish colonization of California, resulting in the establishment of numerous missions, presidios , and pueblos . The military and civil contingent of the expedition was led by Gaspar de Portolá , who traveled over land from Sonora into California, while the religious component was headed by Junípero Serra , who came by sea from Baja California . In 1769, Portolá and Serra established Mission San Diego de Alcalá and
7450-491: The 1992 Rodney King riots. California was the hub of the Black Panther Party , known for arming African Americans to defend against racial injustice. Mexican, Filipino, and other migrant farm workers rallied in the state around Cesar Chavez for better pay in the 1960s and 70s. During the 20th century, two great disasters happened: the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1928 St. Francis Dam flood remain
7599-403: The 21st century, droughts and frequent wildfires attributed to climate change have occurred. From 2011 to 2017, a persistent drought was the worst in its recorded history. The 2018 wildfire season was the state's deadliest and most destructive. One of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States occurred in California on January 26, 2020. A state of emergency was declared in
SECTION 50
#17327658670487748-649: The CJNG ambushed and killed 15 Mexican police officers and seriously injured five others. The cartel carried out the attack as the police officers were driving along a mountain road in Jalisco, which was blocked by the CJNG with burning vehicles. Once the convoy of police officers were stopped in a vulnerable position, gunmen from the CJNG opened fire on them with sophisticated weaponry to include machine guns, and grenade launchers. On 2 December 2018, at approximately 7:30 CST, two grenades were thrown onto consular grounds in Guadalajara, with one of them exploding and causing
7897-408: The CJNG and had even formed an alliance with the Sinaloa Cartel. By 2019, Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas, alias "La Garra", was listed by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as being in charge of the CJNG's trafficking operations to the United States and serves as the CJNG's liaison as well. In January 2020, senior CJNG hitwoman María Guadalupe López Esquive, alias "La Catrina" died following
8046-622: The CJNG was now in fact losing influence and popularity to smaller cartels. Despite unleashing numerous CJNG attacks, Los Viagras and the Cartel del Abuelo were reported as having a "profound advantage" over the CJNG in Tierra Caliente. Despite alliances with the weakened Tijuana Cartel, the CJNG failed to weaken the Sinaloa Cartel's control over criminal activities in Tijuana. Despite numerous efforts, CJNG has also been unable to establish
8195-467: The CJNG. Another notable CJNG defection was self-proclaimed El Mencho loyalist José Bernabé Brizuela Meraz, alias “La Vaca," who was presumed to now be head of the smaller Mezcales, also known as Cartel Independiente de Colima. By this point in time, Mezcales, which previously acted as the CJNG's local enforcers, were no longer affiliated with CJNG. In February 2023, the Supreme Court of Justice of
8344-522: The California coast in 1579, landing north of the future city of San Francisco . The first Asians to set foot on what would be the United States occurred in 1587, when Filipino sailors arrived in Spanish ships at Morro Bay . Coincidentally the descendants of the Muslim Caliph Hasan ibn Ali in formerly Islamic Manila and had converted, then mixed Christianity with Islam, upon Spanish conquest, transited through California (Named after
8493-526: The California coast, 16 sites of which having been chosen during the Portolá expedition. Numerous major cities in California grew out of missions, including San Francisco ( Mission San Francisco de Asís ), San Diego ( Mission San Diego de Alcalá ), Ventura ( Mission San Buenaventura ), or Santa Barbara ( Mission Santa Barbara ), among others. Juan Bautista de Anza led a similarly important expedition throughout California in 1775–76, which would extend deeper into
8642-534: The California government in 2022. These groups were also diverse in their political organization, with bands, tribes, villages, and, on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms , such as the Chumash , Pomo and Salinan . Trade, intermarriage, craft specialists, and military alliances fostered social and economic relationships between many groups. Although nations would sometimes war, most armed conflicts were between groups of men for vengeance . Acquiring territory
8791-443: The California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government) to hire militias with the stated purpose of protecting settlers, however these militias perpetrated numerous massacres of indigenous people. Indigenous people were also forcibly moved to reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from
8940-539: The Celaya raid and afterwards posted at least two social media videos, one where he thanked people who sent tire fires so he could escape arrest and another where he decided to consider entering into an alliance with the Sinaloa Cartel following the arrest of his mother. On June 23, 2020, it was revealed that the CJNG had sent assassins to kill El Marro on many occasions, including at his sister's wedding earlier in
9089-415: The Guadalajara police received numerous anonymous calls from civilians reporting that "several vehicles with more than 10 bodies had been abandoned" in a major avenue. Upon the arrival of the police forces, they found a green Dodge Caravan in the middle lane of the highway, along with a Nissan Caravan just 66 feet (20 meters) away; on the farthest right lane was a white van. Reports state that Los Zetas and
SECTION 60
#17327658670489238-413: The Gulf Cartel may successfully extract Los Zetas and give Guzmán the upper hand. Once the Sinaloa Cartel gets established in Nuevo Laredo, it may possibly make moves to control Reynosa and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. In 2018, InSight also stated that infighting had developed with CJNG by March 2017 which resulted in the killing of a cartel financier and the leader of the CJNG's hit squad. On 7 April 2015,
9387-527: The Jalisco New Generation Cartel). When asked if they had tortured them, the cartel members replied that they did not. One of the killers confessed that he had plans of leaving the criminal organization but was threatened with death by his own organization if he decided to do so. Authorities concluded that this massacre was almost a "replica" of what happened two months earlier in Veracruz, and investigators mentioned that this massacre
9536-539: The Knights Templar for the past few years. Now, CJNG and local autodefensas are forming unprecedented alliances between the cartel and civilians in order to disrupt a common enemy. CJNG's significant funding allows them to supply the autodefensas with military-grade arms, changing the tide of the conflict between the Knights Templar and civilians. Consequently, both the autodefensas and CJNG are mutually benefitting as CJNG offers greater protection to victims of
9685-475: The Knights Templar while receiving support from the community in combatting a regional rival. Following the message of the Matazetas to eradicate the Knights Templar Cartel in the state of Michoacán, 21 bodies have been found throughout several different municipalities of the state as of 12 April 2012. At the location of the executions, the authorities discovered cardboards signed by the CJNG. Dismembered remains of 14 men were found in several plastic bags inside
9834-624: The Mexican authorities exhumed 15 bodies from clandestine mass graves in Acayucan, Veracruz . According to government sources, by March 2012, the homicide rate in Veracruz and its surrounding territories had decreased. President Felipe Calderón attributed the low homicide rates to the Operation Veracruz, the military-led operation implemented in October 2011. On 3 May 2012 in Boca del Río, Veracruz, three photojournalists who covered
9983-526: The Milenio Cartel are responsible for the massacre of these twenty-six alleged Sinaloa Cartel members. In addition, in November 2011, three men from the Milenio Cartel were arrested and linked to the massacre of the twenty-six people. The authorities concluded that only six of the twenty-six that were killed had criminal records, and another ten of those dead were reported as disappeared by their family members. Among those killed were small-business entrepreneurs;
10132-607: The Nation dismissed Jalisco-based federal magistrate judge Isidro Avelar Gutiérrez y Roberto Sandoval Castañeda from his judicial duites as a result of his ties to the CJNG. California California is a state in the Western United States , lying on the American Pacific Coast . It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares an international border with
10281-416: The Pemex refinery in Salamanca, Guanajuato on 25 June 2020, after several of the cartel's leaders were arrested five days earlier. On 11 June 2020, Óscar Balderas, a Mexican journalist and expert in organized crime, revealed to Insight Crime journalist Victoria Dittmar that government crackdowns and a turf war with the rival Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) resulted in the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel losing
10430-494: The San Francisco Bay Area. Due to the hiring opportunities California offered during the conflict, the population multiplied from the immigration it received due to the work in its war factories, military bases, and training facilities. After World War II, California's economy expanded due to strong aerospace and defense industries, whose size decreased following the end of the Cold War . Stanford University began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay instead of leaving
10579-410: The Sinaloa Cartel on its own turf. The message does not mention the fact that the Gulf Cartel is probably supporting the Sinaloa Cartel in carrying out the executions. In addition, the banner suggests that the alliance between Los Zetas and the Beltrán Leyva Cartel remains intact as of 2012 despite the losses it lived in 2008. The message also suggests the differences in the modus operandi of Los Zetas and
10728-541: The Sinaloa Cartel, because as authors of InSight Crime allege, the Zetas have a reputation of operating through extortion, kidnappings, robberies, and other illicit activities; in contrast, the Sinaloa Cartel is known simply for drug trafficking. (Both assertions are not wholly true, but often reflect a popular sentiment.) Guzmán attempted to take over Nuevo Laredo after the capture of the Gulf Cartel leader, Osiel Cárdenas Guillén , in 2003. Nevertheless, Guzmán retreated after
10877-497: The U.S. Army. In the 20th century, thousands of Japanese people migrated to California. The state in 1913 passed the Alien Land Act , excluding Asian immigrants from owning land. During World War II, Japanese Americans in California were interned in concentration camps; in 2020, California apologized. Migration to California accelerated during the early 20th century with the completion of transcontinental highways like
11026-450: The U.S. so long as it keeps its base of operations in Mexico. On 2 June 2020, Mexico's Financial Intelligence Unit released a statement revealing that as a result of joint operation with the DEA, the agency was able to locate "a large number of members of said criminal group, as well as its largest financial operators and companies used in money laundering". Mexico's Financial Intelligence Unit,
11175-454: The Union . However, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army, such as the "California 100 Company" , were unofficially associated with the state of California due to a majority of their members being from California. At
11324-449: The area. The message left behind stated the following: No more extortions , no more killings of innocent people! Zetas in the state of Veracruz and politicians helping them: This is going to happen to you, or we can shoot you as we did to you guys before too. People of Veracruz, do not allow yourselves to be extorted; do not pay for protection ; if you do is because you want to. This is the only thing these people (Los Zetas) can do. This
11473-454: The best land in the state, were secularized by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government. The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge ranchos or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants. Beef did not become
11622-464: The best route to follow, which became known as "Marsh's route". His letters were read, reread, passed around, and printed in newspapers throughout the country, and started the first wagon trains rolling to California. After ushering in the period of organized emigration to California, Marsh became involved in a military battle between the much-hated Mexican general, Manuel Micheltorena and the California governor he had replaced, Juan Bautista Alvarado. At
11771-616: The capture of Óscar Orlando Nava Valencia and the death of Ignacio Coronel Villarreal , of the Sinaloa Cartel, a power vacuum emerged and the Milenio Cartel (then loyal to the Sinaloa Cartel) broke into smaller factions. The most notable were the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) headed by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes " El Mencho " (who suspected the Sinaloa cartel had betrayed its leaders ) and La Resistencia headed by Ramiro Pozos " El Molca " who switched alliances to form
11920-572: The cartel, the authorities confirmed in August 2012 that the CJNG was responsible for killing five journalists in Veracruz. On 23 November 2011, a total of 26 bodies—16 of them burned to death—were located in several abandoned vehicles in Sinaloa . The incident began at early hours of the morning in Culiacán , Sinaloa with the discovery of a vehicle on fire. When the police forces managed to put down
12069-609: The city of Guadalajara. However, by midsummer, the group appeared to have been reunited with its former partners in the Sinaloa Cartel . In addition to maintaining its anti-Zetas alliance with the Gulf Cartel, the Sinaloa Cartel in 2011 affiliated itself with the Knights Templar in Michoacán. To counter Los Zetas in the state of Jalisco, the Sinaloa Cartel affiliated itself with the CJNG. On 20 September 2011, two trucks containing 35 dead bodies were found at an underpass near
12218-551: The conquest include the Battle of San Pasqual and the Battle of Dominguez Rancho in Southern California, as well as the Battle of Olómpali and the Battle of Santa Clara in Northern California. After a series of defensive battles in the south, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing a censure and establishing de facto American control in California. Following
12367-547: The control of the region started. Emilio Alejandro Pulido Saldaña, better known as "El Tiburón", was considered to be a co-founder as well. In June 2009, inside an abandoned truck in a residential neighborhood in Cancún , Quintana Roo , the Mexican authorities discovered the corpses of three men. Along with their remains was found the following message: We are the new group Mata Zetas (Zeta Killers) and we are against kidnapping and extortion, and we will fight them in all states for
12516-415: The crime events in Veracruz were slain and dumped in several plastic bags in a canal. Press freedom groups indicated that the three journalists had "temporarily fled Veracruz after receiving threats [in 2011]." Over the past eighteen months, seven journalist have been killed in Veracruz alone. There are only a few journalists reporting on crime-related stories in the state. Upon the arrest of several members of
12665-535: The deadliest in U.S. history. Although air pollution has been reduced, health problems associated with pollution continue. Brown haze known as " smog " has been substantially abated after federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust. An energy crisis in 2001 led to rolling blackouts , soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric Company came under heavy criticism. Housing prices in urban areas continued to increase;
12814-415: The flames, they found inside the vehicle a dozen of bodies burned to death, and with wood remains on top of them. All of the victims were handcuffed. Later on at 07:00 hours, anonymous calls from civilians notified the police that another vehicle in the northern city limits of Culiacán was on fire. The vehicle on fire was a Ford Ranger , and inside were four bodies with bulletproof vests and handcuffed. During
12963-634: The following goals: Despite the strong military presence, the authorities discovered seven bodies inside a Ford Lobo on 8 October 2011 in Veracruz. On 22 December 2011, three public buses were attacked by drug cartel members on Federal Highway 105 in Veracruz, leaving 16 dead. Three U.S. citizens were among those dead. Soon after the shootouts, which happened in the early morning, the authorities carried out an operation to find those responsible, killing five gunmen. The U.S. Consulate in Matamoros asked Americans to avoid traveling on highways between cities in
13112-439: The following: We have begun to clear Nuevo Laredo of Zetas because we want a free city and so you can live in peace. We are narcotics traffickers and we don't mess with honest working or business people. I'm going to teach these scums to work Sinaloa style—without kidnapping, without payoffs, without extortion. As for you, 40, I tell you that you don't scare me. I know you sent H to toss heads here in my turf, because you don't have
13261-626: The government to adequately sustain the populations living on them. As a result, settler colonialism was a calamity for indigenous people. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo , have described the actions of the California government as a genocide , as well as the 40th governor of California Gavin Newsom . Benjamin Madley estimates that from 1846 to 1873, between 9,492 and 16,092 indigenous people were killed, including between 1,680 and 3,741 killed by
13410-596: The greatest operating capacity by 2012. Following emergence of the cartel, homicides, kidnappings and discoveries of mass graves spiked in Jalisco. By 2018, the CJNG was believed to have over 100 methamphetamine labs throughout Mexico. Based on average street value, its trade could net upwards of $ 8 billion for cocaine and $ 4.6 billion for crystal meth each year. The CJNG are fighting the Nueva Plaza Cartel for control of Guadalajara ; La Unión Tepito for Mexico City ; Los Viagras and La Familia Michoacana for
13559-459: The highest output of any U.S. state, and is led by its dairy , almonds , and grapes . With the busiest port in the country ( Los Angeles ), California plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain, hauling in about 40% of goods imported to the US. Notable contributions to popular culture , ranging from entertainment , sports , music , and fashion , have their origins in California. California
13708-410: The indigenous peoples developed complex forms of ecosystem management, including forest gardening to ensure the regular availability of food and medicinal plants . This was a form of sustainable agriculture . To mitigate destructive large wildfires from ravaging the natural environment, indigenous peoples developed a practice of controlled burning . This practice was recognized for its benefits by
13857-572: The interior and north of California. The Anza expedition selected numerous sites for missions, presidios, and pueblos, which subsequently would be established by settlers. Gabriel Moraga , a member of the expedition, would also christen many of California's prominent rivers with their names in 1775–1776, such as the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River . After the expedition, Gabriel's son, José Joaquín Moraga , would found
14006-531: The largest dam removal and river restoration project in US history was announced for the Klamath River , as a win for California tribes. Covering an area of 163,696 sq mi (423,970 km ), California is the third-largest state in the United States in area, after Alaska and Texas . California is one of the most geographically diverse states in the union and is often geographically bisected into two regions, Southern California , comprising
14155-467: The late hours of the night. In Tampico Alto, Veracruz , on 23 December 2011 the Mexican authorities found 10 dead bodies after an anonymous call from a citizen. The corpses were dumped on a dirt road, and all of them were handcuffed and presented signs of torture. Nine out of the ten bodies were decapitated. Earlier in February 2011, Saturnino Valdés Llanos, the mayor of the municipality of Tampico Alto,
14304-477: The leader of the Cartel. Between 2017 and 2020, the cartel was commanded by José Antonio Yépez Ortiz , who had a nearby circle made up of 14 people including their families. Its financial operators are presumed to be the uncles of "El Marro", with Santiago "G" aka "Bachicha" the main operator. The authorities also identify Juan Manuel "A", Artemio "E" aka "El Temo", Eusebio "G" aka "El Titis", José Alejandro "J" among others. The Santa Rosa de Lima cartel stormed
14453-407: The local media of the situation. Upon the arrest of the four alleged killers, one of the cartel members confessed that they had plans to "repeat" what had happened in the 2011 Guadalajara massacre, where 26 bodies were dumped in a major avenue for public display. According to Proceso magazine, Los Zetas were planning to kill 50 people on 9 May 2012, a day before Mother's Day . On 21 March 2012,
14602-467: The massacres in Veracruz but reiterated their efforts to fight off Los Zetas, who, they claimed, "are not invincible." In the CJNG video, five men wearing balaclavas and completely black clothing are shown sitting behind a table. Then the man with the microphone states that the Matazetas are "warriors without a face, but proudly Mexicans," and that their objective is to eradicate Los Zetas. They claim in
14751-844: The middle of the state lies the California Central Valley , bounded by the Sierra Nevada in the east, the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Cascade Range to the north and by the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's productive agricultural heartland. Divided in two by the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta , the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as
14900-568: The most dangerous criminal organizations in Mexico and second most powerful drug cartel after the Sinaloa Cartel. CJNG is heavily militarized and more violent than other criminal organizations. It has a special operations group for specific types of warfare. Its hitman training program is strict and professional. The cartel is best known for its fights against the Zetas and Templarios , it has fought La Resistencia for control of Aguililla , Michoacán and its surrounding territories. Combatting CJNG
15049-473: The multiple executions between the drug cartels, the federal government launched a military-led operation in the state of Veracruz, known in Spanish as Operativo Veracruz Seguro . In October 2011, the state of Veracruz was a disputed territory between Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel and Sinaloa Cartel. Francisco Blake Mora , Secretary of the Interior at the time, said that the operation was implemented to serve
15198-491: The names of police commanders and politicians who provided them with protection. According to Terra Networks , the government agency of the SIEDO received a phone call on 1 July 2009 from an unidentified man who said that the cartel members of Los Zetas were going to be "kidnapped and eliminated" from Cancún and Veracruz. In spring 2011, the CJNG declared war on all other Mexican cartels and stated its intention to take control of
15347-439: The national patrimony," and that they are the "armed wing of the Mexican people." On 6 October 2011 in Boca del Río, Veracruz, 36 bodies were found by the Mexican authorities in three different houses. The Navy first discovered 20 bodies inside a house in a residential neighborhood. While searching at another house they found 11 more bodies. The third and final house contained one body. Four other bodies were confirmed separately by
15496-605: The night, 10 more bodies were found throughout several different municipalities. The killings were allegedly carried out by Los Zetas as a response to the massacres done by the Matazetas (CJNG) in Veracruz. Stratfor believes that this major move by Los Zetas into the territory of the Sinaloa Cartel demonstrates the Zeta's ability to attack the "heart of those cartels' territories." On 24 November 2011, three trucks containing 26 bodies were found in an avenue at Guadalajara, Jalisco . All of them were male corpses. At around 7:00 pm,
15645-407: The organization was born, which has expanded throughout the entity and even in adjacent parts of the state with Querétaro and Michoacán, where its main activity is the theft of fuel, registering 1,696 milking points during 2017. Others activities carried out are extortion of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in cities such as Celaya , Irapuato and Salamanca . On 3 March 2019, authorities from
15794-419: The owner of the place had received patent threats from the CJNG for the collection of floor. The Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel is a major force behind the sale of meth in the state of Guanajuato. The Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel are infamous for selling meth that has a blue color, which they source from criminal groups in the state of Michoacán. According to local experts, there is little, if any, meth production in
15943-495: The person in charge of the CJNG's hit squad, nicknamed "El Kartón" or "El Marro", in August 2017 CJNG co-founder Emilio Alejandro Pulido Salazar, alias "El Tiburón", would defect to the Nueva Plaza Cartel as well. Valencia and Sánchez also began a war with their former cartel as well. In 2019, Valencia and Sánchez were still reported to leaders of the breakaway Nueva Plaza Cartel. They also were still waging war against
16092-414: The population of San Francisco increased from 500 to 150,000. The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in Monterey from 1777 until 1845. Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, had briefly moved the capital to Los Angeles in 1845. The United States consulate had also been located in Monterey, under consul Thomas O. Larkin . In 1849,
16241-733: The pueblo of San Jose in 1777, making it the first civilian-established city in California. During this same period, sailors from the Russian Empire explored along the northern coast of California. In 1812, the Russian-American Company established a trading post and small fortification at Fort Ross on the North Coast . Fort Ross was primarily used to supply Russia's Alaskan colonies with food supplies. The settlement did not meet much success, failing to attract settlers or establish long term trade viability, and
16390-469: The races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected. While we cannot anticipate the result with but painful regret, the inevitable destiny of the race is beyond the power and wisdom of man to avert." As in other American states, indigenous peoples were forcibly removed from their lands by American settlers , like miners, ranchers, and farmers. Although California had entered the American union as
16539-403: The region known as California , or Las Californias , grew. Eventually it included lands north of the peninsula, Alta California , part of which became the present-day U.S. state of California. A 2017 state legislative document states, "Numerous theories exist as to the origin and meaning of the word 'California, ' " and that all anyone knows is the name was added to a map by 1541 "presumably by
16688-426: The regional CJNG leader, and also owner of the local El Sol de Tierra Blanca newspaper, Francisco Navarette Serna and the full lineup of La Calle, the band Serna was performing with. On 3 June, it was reported the amount of CJNG-linked assets which were frozen totaled $ 1.1 billion. On 11 June 2020, Insight Crime journalist Victoria Dittmar dismissed media hype that the CJNG was Mexico's "dominant cartel" and stated that
16837-420: The rest were found in an advanced state of decomposition. An anonymous call alerted the police to the abandoned vehicles, which were found by the side of a highway early in the morning on 9 May 2012. They were consequently towed to government offices to unload the bodies. The authorities confirmed that a message was left behind by the killers, presumably from Los Zetas and the Milenio Cartel. The attorney general of
16986-654: The state as part of the Gold Rush or to seek work. Even though the Chinese proved indispensable in building the transcontinental railroad from California to Utah, perceived job competition with the Chinese led to anti-Chinese riots in the state, and eventually the US ended migration from China partially as a response to pressure from California with the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act . Under earlier Spanish and Mexican rule, California's original native population had precipitously declined, above all, from Eurasian diseases to which
17135-518: The state government of Veracruz. A day later, Reynaldo Escobar Pérez, the State Justice Attorney General, stepped down and resigned due to the drug-violence. And a day after his resignation, 10 more bodies were found throughout the city of Veracruz. The CJNG was also responsible for 67 killings in Veracruz on 7 October 2011. By 9 October 2011, in only eighteen days, the state of Veracruz reported 100 killings. In response to
17284-458: The state of Jalisco , Tomás Coronado Olmos, stated that this massacre was a revenge attack for the 23 killed in the 2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres . In addition, 25 people were rescued after being kidnapped in Tala, Jalisco on 8 May 2012; the killers had plans to kill and "throw" them for public display. Another 10 people managed to escape their capture by members of Los Zetas that same day, and alerted
17433-402: The state of Guanajuato has been reported as one of the most violent entities, confirmed by Criminal Traffic Light. The report states that more than 28,816 homicides were committed during 2018, which meant an increase of 15% compared to 2017 being the worst rate of the last 20 years, since the federal actions against criminal organizations began of the country in 2000. On 9 March 2019, there was
17582-522: The state of Guanajuato, supported by federal forces, launched the “Timon Strike” operation against the organization, bringing up to 42 detainees up to now, in addition to recovering more than 100 vehicles and searching 25 properties. This operation resulted in a wave of violence generated by the dispute of the territory with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel . In mid-October, 2020, authorities captured Adán Ochoa (aka: El Azul),
17731-469: The state of Guanajuato. On 29 October, Marco Antonio Flores Martínez, aka El Ñecas, was arrested, who planned to place a bomb on a plane, as well as detonate a Pemex pipeline in response to the operations that the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador launched. at the beginning of his government in December 2018 against the cartel. The Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel was accused of a bomb attempt at
17880-465: The state on March 4, 2020, and remained in effect until Governor Gavin Newsom ended it in February 2023. A mandatory statewide stay-at-home order was issued on March 19, 2020, which was ended in January 2021. Cultural and language revitalization efforts among indigenous Californians have progressed among tribes as of 2022. Some land returns to indigenous stewardship have occurred. In 2022,
18029-430: The state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains . Droughts and wildfires are an ongoing issue. California's economy is the largest of any U.S. state, with a $ 4.0 trillion gross state product as of 2024 . It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. California's agricultural industry has
18178-573: The state with greater force during the year of 2017, which can be noticed by a video published through social networks, where the Marro, surrounded by more than a hundred armed people, with tactical team, only allowed to the armed forces, challenged the CJNG and the other criminal organizations that operate in Guanajuato. After this announcement, a great deal of insecurity has been reported in the area, which even President Andrés Manuel López Obrador confirmed that since his government started (on 1 December 2018)
18327-515: The state's demographics and its finances. Soon afterward, a massive influx of immigration into the area resulted, as prospectors and miners arrived by the thousands. The population burgeoned with United States citizens, Europeans, Middle Easterns, Chinese and other immigrants during the great California gold rush . By the time of California's application for statehood in 1850, the settler population of California had multiplied to 100,000. By 1854, more than 300,000 settlers had come. Between 1847 and 1870,
18476-522: The state's name include CA, Cal., Calif., Califas , and US-CA . California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America . Historians generally agree that there were at least 300,000 people living in California prior to European colonization. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct ethnic groups , inhabiting environments ranging from mountains and deserts to islands and redwood forests. Living in these diverse geographic areas,
18625-620: The state, and develop a high-tech region, now known as Silicon Valley . As a result of this, California is a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the US center of agricultural production. Just before the Dot Com Bust , California had the fifth-largest economy in the world. In the mid and late twentieth century, race-related incidents occurred. Tensions between police and African Americans, combined with unemployment and poverty in inner cities, led to riots, such as
18774-774: The states of Michoacán and Guerrero ; Los Zetas in the states of Veracruz and Puebla ; Cártel del Noreste in Zacatecas ; the Sinaloa Cartel in Baja California , Sonora , Ciudad Juárez , Zacatecas and Chiapas ; as well as the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel in Guanajuato . They have an alliance with the Cártel del Golfo in Zacatecas and La Línea in Juárez. CJNG is considered by the Mexican government to be one of
18923-418: The stones nor the people to do it yourself. Don't forget that I'm your true father. Nuevo Laredo is considered a stronghold of Los Zetas, although there were incursions by the Sinaloa Cartel in March 2012. Consequently, Los Zetas responded two days later with incursions to Sinaloa, the home state of the Sinaloa Cartel. The Sinaloa Cartel's first attempt to take over Nuevo Laredo happened in 2005, when Los Zetas
19072-511: The ten southernmost counties, and Northern California , comprising the 48 northernmost counties. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east and northeast, Arizona to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California to the south (with which it makes up part of The Californias region of North America , alongside Baja California Sur ). In
19221-407: The time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. Nineteen years later, and seven years after it was greenlighted by President Lincoln, the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. California was then reachable from the eastern States in a week's time. Much of the state
19370-415: The training of new sicarios or members, as well as using drones and rocket-propelled grenades to attack enemies. CJNG started in 2009 as one of the splits of the Milenio Cartel , the other being La Resistencia . CJNG defeated La Resistencia and took control of Millenio's smuggling networks. CJNG expanded its operation network from coast to coast in six months, making it one of the criminal groups with
19519-570: The transition from Spanish colonial rule to independent Mexican rule. In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave the Mexican Empire (which included California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico, which shortly after independence became a republic. The missions , which controlled most of
19668-511: The video that they respect the Mexican Armed Forces and understand the government's stance against the drug cartels. The men in the video state that they understand and respect the government's decision of refusing to negotiate with the cartels. They also criticize the politicians who have protected Los Zetas. In addition, they claim that the Matazetas are "prohibited to extort, kidnap, steal, abuse, or do anything that will affect
19817-599: The watershed of the Sacramento River , while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River . Both valleys derive their names from the rivers that flow through them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained deep enough for several inland cities to be seaports . Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel The Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel ( Spanish : Cártel de Santa Rosa de Lima ) or CSRL
19966-407: The year. It was also revealed that with Santa de Lima Rosa Cartel's demise, the CJNG was struggling to gain influence in territory controlled by the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel as well. On 2 August, El Marro, also known as "The Sledgehammer”, was captured in a joint operation between Guanajuato's state government and Mexico's Secretariat of Public Security. At least five other people were detained in
20115-429: Was "a teenager without vices or problems," and that the versions of him being part of a cartel are unjust and false. Other families claimed that their loved ones did not have any problems with anybody and were honest workers. Nevertheless, when the cartel members arrested were interrogated by the authorities, they claimed that those killed in the massacre were not innocent, and formed part of Los Torcidos (another name for
20264-544: Was abandoned by 1841. During the War of Mexican Independence , Alta California was largely unaffected and uninvolved in the revolution, though many Californios supported independence from Spain , which many believed had neglected California and limited its development. Spain's trade monopoly on California had limited local trade prospects. Following Mexican independence, California ports were freely able to trade with foreign merchants. Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá presided over
20413-552: Was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere. In the nineteenth century, a large number of migrants from China traveled to
20562-607: Was highly unstable, and in a reflection of this, from 1831 onwards, California also experienced a series of armed disputes, both internal and with the central Mexican government. During this tumultuous political period Juan Bautista Alvarado was able to secure the governorship during 1836–1842. The military action which first brought Alvarado to power had momentarily declared California to be an independent state, and had been aided by Anglo-American residents of California, including Isaac Graham . In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to
20711-432: Was kidnapped in February 2011; his body was left in a garbage dump with 10 more bodies a week later. On 25 December 2011 near Tampico, Tamaulipas , a city on the border with Veracruz, 13 bodies were found inside an 18-wheeler truck. According to officials, the truck had license plates from Veracruz. Authorities indicated that this massacre was related to the other mass murders that had occurred in Veracruz. On 9 February 2012,
20860-714: Was not usually the purpose of these small-scale battles. Men and women generally had different roles in society. Women were often responsible for weaving, harvesting, processing, and preparing food, while men for hunting and other forms of physical labor. Most societies also had roles for people whom the Spanish referred to as joyas , who they saw as "men who dressed as women". Joyas were responsible for death , burial , and mourning rituals , and they performed women's social roles. Indigenous societies had terms such as two-spirit to refer to them. The Chumash referred to them as 'aqi. The early Spanish settlers detested and sought to eliminate them. The first Europeans to explore
21009-653: Was presumed to be the head of the Nuevo Plaza Cartel at the time of El Cholo's death. In February 2022, leading CJNG operator in Michoacán and trusted El Mencho associate Miguel Ángel Fernández, known as “El M2”, was found murdered in the town of Cansangüe, located in the municipality of Tepalcatepec El 85 was later captured by Mexican authorities in September 2022. In May 2022, Insight Crime reporter Peter Appleby reported that El Mencho's poor health, and also rumored death, accelerated break-ups and infighting in
21158-458: Was reported that Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel leader José Antonio “El Marro” Yépez's mother María Ortiz, sister Juana “N,” and cousin Rosalba “N,” were among the 26 Santa de Lima Cartel members arrested in Celaya, Guanajuato on June 20, 2020. María Ortiz, who was a financier for the cartel, had more than 2 million pesos (US $ 89,500) on her when she was detained as well as approximately one kilogram of
21307-511: Was revealed that the CJNG had sent assassins to kill Santa Rosa de Lima leader José Antonio Yépez Ortiz, also known as El Marro, on many occasions, including at his sister's wedding earlier in the year. It was also revealed that the CJNG was struggling to gain influence in territory controlled by the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel . On 26 June 2020, Mexico City police chief Omar Garcia Harfuch survived an assassination attempt which saw him suffer injuries from three bullet wounds. Two of his bodyguards and
21456-524: Was seen as a humiliation for the powerful Sinaloa cartel. The "40" in the message is a reference to Miguel Treviño Morales , a top leader of Los Zetas based in Nuevo Laredo, and longtime adversary of Joaquín Guzmán. The "H" is presumably Héctor Beltrán Leyva , the last remaining brother of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel . The Beltrán Leyva organization, unlike the Zetas, has presence in Sinaloa state, and would probably have an easier time attacking
21605-502: Was short-lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay in 1846 and began the U.S. military invasion of California , with Northern California capitulating in less than a month to the United States forces. In Southern California, Californios continued to resist American forces. Notable military engagements of
21754-443: Was targeted by Oseguera after murdering a CJNG financial operator nicknamed "El Colombiano", failed. Sánchez and CJNG co-founder Érick Valencia Salazar , alias "El 85", departed from the CJNG and formed a new cartel called Nueva Plaza Cartel . Upon its formation, Sánchez was made leader of the newly formed cartel. According to InSight Crime, the Nueva Plaza Cartel retaliated against the failed murder of Sánchez by successfully murdering
21903-399: Was then organized and admitted as the 31st state in 1850 , as a free state , following the Compromise of 1850 . The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 19 million and 10 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is the state's most populous city and the nation's second-most ; California's capital
22052-430: Was unable to take away territory in other parts of southeastern Mexico controlled by the Sinaloa Cartel, Los Zetas and the so-called Los Pelones group. Sánchez was later murdered, with his body being discovered stabbed and wrapped in plastic on a park bench in downtown Tlaquepaque on 18 March 2021. Emilio Alejandro Pulido Salazar would surrender to Mexican authorities the same month. Érick Valencia Salazar , alias "El 85",
22201-472: Was working as the armed wing of the Gulf Cartel. In August 2016 in an upmarket restaurant called La Leche in the resort city of Puerto Vallarta, the CJNG kidnapped two sons of Joaquin Guzmán Loera (El Chapo), Jesús Alfredo Guzmán Salazar and Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar, along with friends and then released them after negotiations. The event happened shortly after the incarceration of Joaquín Guzmán and
#47952