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110-437: Jennifer Chambers Lynch (born April 7, 1968) is an American filmmaker. The daughter of filmmaker David Lynch , she made her directorial debut with the film Boxing Helena in 1993. Following a troubled production, the film was a critical and commercial failure, with Lynch receiving a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director . The negative reception to her feature debut and controversy surrounding its release led to Lynch taking

220-467: A "strange blend" of "a road picture, a love story, a psychological drama and a violent comedy", Lynch altered much of the original novel, changing the ending and incorporating numerous references to The Wizard of Oz . Despite a muted response from American critics and viewers, Wild at Heart won the Palme d'Or at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival . After Wild at Heart ' s success, Lynch returned to

330-410: A "super sharp and super clear" depiction for the young girl. Overall, reviews of the film were mixed. The aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 55% approval rating with an average score of 5.19/10, based on 76 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "This dark psycho-thriller from Jennifer Lynch, is violent, sharp and baffling, but not to everyone's taste." On Metacritic the film achieved

440-658: A 15-year hiatus from filmmaking. Lynch returned to directing with 2008's Surveillance . The film received mixed reviews, although it won the top prize at the Sitges Film Festival . A year later, Lynch began work on her next film Hisss , which she disowned after the production was completed without her involvement. Her fourth film Chained , released in 2012, was met with a positive critical reception. Since 2012, Lynch has focused on directing episodes of television series, including Psych , Teen Wolf , The Walking Dead , American Horror Story , Once Upon

550-476: A 2009 interview with The Hollywood Interview, Lynch mentions her reactions to the critical reception of Boxing Helena : I would love to know why people were so mad at me for telling a crazy fairy tale. I'm the first to say I didn't know what I was doing. I did the best I could at 19, and all these crazy things happened. The idea that the film was faulted when everyone involved worked so fucking hard and believed in me, and there were these adults believing in me, who

660-787: A Drama Series and Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series . Lynch co-wrote and directed its film prequel, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992) and the limited series Twin Peaks: The Return (2017). As an actor, he portrayed Gordon Cole in the Twin Peaks projects, had a guest role as the head of CBS in the FX series Louie (2012), and portrayed John Ford in Steven Spielberg 's The Fabelmans (2022). Lynch's other artistic endeavors include his work as

770-471: A June 2012 Los Angeles Times interview, Lynch said he lacked the inspiration to start a new movie project, but "If I got an idea that I fell in love with, I'd go to work tomorrow". In September 2012, he appeared in the three-part "Late Show" arc on FX's Louie as Jack Dahl. In November 2012, Lynch hinted at plans for a new film while attending Plus Camerimage in Bydgoszcz , Poland, saying, "something

880-525: A Time , Hawaii Five-0 , Elementary , The Strain , Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , 9-1-1 , and Ratched . Outside of her career as a director, Lynch wrote the book The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer in 1990. Told from the perspective of the character of the same name from her father's television series Twin Peaks , the novel was a commercial success, reaching number four on The New York Times paperback fiction best seller list that year. Lynch

990-423: A bad dream one night and was saying the alphabet in her sleep in a tormented way. So that's sort of what started The Alphabet going. The rest of it was just subconscious ." Learning about the newly founded American Film Institute , which gave grants to filmmakers who could support their application with a prior work and a script for a new project, Lynch decided to send them a copy of The Alphabet along with

1100-400: A brief appearance in her father's debut feature film Eraserhead , but her appearance was not included in the final cut. Lynch subsequently worked as a production assistant on Blue Velvet (1986), also directed by her father. Lynch's commissioned screenplay for Boxing Helena , which she would later go on to direct, attracted many actresses, including Madonna . Sherilyn Fenn , one of

1210-544: A cab-driving serial killer. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 68% rating on review aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes . Lynch was scheduled to film Visibility for the Motion Picture Corporation of America in 2011, but, as of August 2021, this project is not completed. As of September 2012, Lynch was preparing A Fall from Grace , a film set and filmed in St. Louis and inspired by

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1320-669: A camera room, green room, editing room, sets as well as a food room and a bathroom. The AFI gave Lynch a $ 10,000 grant, but it was not enough to complete the film, and under pressure from studios after the success of the relatively cheap feature film Easy Rider , it was unable to give him more. Lynch was then supported by a loan from his father and money that he earned from a paper route that he took up, delivering The Wall Street Journal . Not long into Eraserhead 's production, Lynch and Peggy amicably separated and divorced, and he began living full-time on set. In 1977, Lynch married Mary Fisk, sister of Jack Fisk. Lynch has said that not

1430-461: A car (the couple's) with blood on it and tells it to her oblivious mother ( Cheri Oteri ). Bobbi, using drugs with her boyfriend Johnny (Mac Miller), is in a car right behind them. At a rest stop, both girls learn a pair of killers are responsible for a string of murders and likely the woman's disappearance. Stephanie's stepfather Steven ( Hugh Dillon ) supposedly speeds and their car's tire is shot by Bennett. Bobbi and Johnny are about to offer help, but

1540-409: A character known as The Girl, who chants the alphabet to a series of images of horses before dying at the end by hemorrhaging blood all over her bed sheets. Adding a sound effect, Lynch used a broken Uher tape recorder to record the sound of Jennifer crying, creating a distorted sound that Lynch found particularly effective. Later describing what had inspired him, Lynch said, "Peggy's niece was having

1650-427: A coffee shop, Lynch and Frost had the idea of a corpse washing up on a lakeshore, and went to work on their third project, initially called Northwest Passage but eventually Twin Peaks (1990–91). A drama series set in a small Washington town where popular high school student Laura Palmer has been murdered, Twin Peaks featured FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (MacLachlan) as the investigator trying to identify

1760-482: A cult following. Soon a second season of 22 episodes went into production, but ABC executives believed that public interest in the show was decreasing. The network insisted that Lynch and Frost reveal Laura Palmer's killer's identity prematurely, which Lynch grudgingly agreed to do, in what Lynch has called one of his biggest professional regrets. After identifying the murderer and moving from Thursday to Saturday night, Twin Peaks continued for several more episodes, but

1870-571: A grandmother from a seed to care for him. The film critics Michelle Le Blanc and Colin Odell wrote, "this film is a true oddity but contains many of the themes and ideas that would filter into his later work, and shows a remarkable grasp of the medium". In 1970, Lynch moved with his wife and daughter to Los Angeles, where he began studying filmmaking at the AFI Conservatory , a place he later called "completely chaotic and disorganized, which

1980-697: A mixed response from critics. Lynch then began work on a film from a script by Mary Sweeney and John E. Roach, The Straight Story , based on a true story: that of Alvin Straight ( Richard Farnsworth ), an elderly man from Laurens , Iowa, who goes on a 300-mile journey to visit his sick brother ( Harry Dean Stanton ) in Mount Zion, Wisconsin , by riding lawnmower . Asked why he chose this script, Lynch said, "that's what I fell in love with next", and expressed his admiration of Straight, describing him as "like James Dean , except he's old". Badalamenti wrote

2090-603: A musician, encompassing the studio albums BlueBOB (2001), Crazy Clown Time (2011), and The Big Dream (2013), as well as painting and photography. He has written the books Images (1994), Catching the Big Fish (2006), and Room to Dream (2018). He has directed several music videos, for artists such as Chris Isaak , X Japan , Moby , Interpol , Nine Inch Nails , and Donovan , and commercials for Calvin Klein , Dior , L'Oreal , Yves Saint Laurent , Gucci , and

2200-568: A nonstandard narrative, the film is based on a true story of an actor who committed matricide while acting in a production of the Oresteia , and starred Lynch regular Grace Zabriskie . In 2009, Lynch had plans to direct a documentary on Maharishi Mahesh Yogi consisting of interviews with people who knew him, but nothing has come of it. In 2010, Lynch began making guest appearances on the Family Guy spin-off The Cleveland Show as Gus

2310-670: A score of 31 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, which indicates "generally unfavorable reviews". In October 2008, the film took the top prize at the Festival de Cine de Sitges . The film made history at the New York City Horror Film Festival when Jennifer Lynch became the first female to win the Best Director award and Ryan Simpkins became the first child to win the Best Actress award at

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2420-542: A script by someone else that he could direct. Cornfeld found four. On hearing the title of the first, The Elephant Man , Lynch chose it. The Elephant Man ' s script, written by Chris de Vore and Eric Bergren , was based on a true story, that of Joseph Merrick , a severely deformed man in Victorian London, who was held in a sideshow but later taken under the care of a London surgeon, Frederick Treves . Lynch wanted to make some alterations that would alter

2530-409: A script he had written for a new short film that would be almost entirely live action, The Grandmother . The institute agreed to help finance the work, initially offering him $ 5,000 out of his requested budget of $ 7,200, but later granting him the additional $ 2,200. Starring people he knew from both work and college and filmed in his own house, The Grandmother featured a neglected boy who "grows"

2640-474: A series of online shorts, DumbLand . Intentionally crude in content and execution, the eight-episode series was later released on DVD. The same year, Lynch released a surreal sitcom, Rabbits , about a family of humanoid rabbits. Later, he made his experiments with Digital Video available in the form of the Japanese-style horror short Darkened Room . In 2006, Lynch's feature film Inland Empire

2750-433: A severed ear in a field. Investigating further with the help of friend Sandy ( Laura Dern ), he discovers that it is related to a criminal gang led by psychopath Frank Booth ( Dennis Hopper ), who has kidnapped the husband and child of singer Dorothy Vallens ( Isabella Rossellini ) and repeatedly rapes her. Lynch has called the story "a dream of strange desires wrapped inside a mystery story". Lynch included pop songs from

2860-677: A short documentary film about the lithographic process, was released online in February 2013. On June 28, 2013, a video Lynch directed for the Nine Inch Nails song " Came Back Haunted " was released. He also did photography for the Dumb Numbers ' self-titled album released in August 2013. On October 6, 2014, Lynch confirmed via Twitter that he and Frost would start shooting a new, nine-episode season of Twin Peaks in 2015, with

2970-436: A single reviewer of the film understood it in the way he intended. Filmed in black and white, Eraserhead tells the story of Henry ( Jack Nance ), a quiet young man living in a dystopian industrial wasteland, whose girlfriend gives birth to a deformed baby whom she leaves in his care. It was heavily influenced by the fearful mood of Philadelphia, and Lynch has called it "my Philadelphia Story ". Due to financial problems

3080-687: A teaser trailer for Michael Jackson 's 'Dangerous' tour) confirmed the demand for the Lynch touch ... In an unlikely scenario for the maker of Eraserhead , Lynch had become an influential and fashionable brand name. —Christopher Rodley While Lynch was working on the first few episodes of Twin Peaks , his friend Monty Montgomery "gave me a book that he wanted to direct as a movie. He asked if I would maybe be executive producer or something, and I said 'That's great, Monty, but what if I read it and fall in love with it and want to do it myself?' And he said, 'In that case, you can do it yourself'." The book

3190-536: A tethered dog so angry it could not move, alongside cryptic philosophical references. It was published from 1983 to 1992 in The Village Voice , Creative Loafing , and other tabloid and alternative publications. Around this time Lynch also became interested in photography as an art form, and traveled to northern England to photograph the degrading industrial landscape. Lynch was contractually still obliged to produce two other projects for De Laurentiis,

3300-410: A white van, Bennett and Conrad find the car Stephanie described farther down the road, with evidence of an altercation, and race back towards the van. The van plows into the back of Johnny's car, killing him and Steven. A dead man is at the wheel, and a live person, covered in a black bag, is sitting in the passenger seat of the van, whom Bobbi tries to save. Bennett and Conrad arrive back at the scene. In

3410-424: A woman in trouble". In an effort to promote it, he made appearances with a cow and a placard bearing the slogan "Without cheese there would be no Inland Empire ". In 2009, Lynch produced a documentary web series directed by his son Austin Lynch and friend Jason S., Interview Project . Interested in working with Werner Herzog , in 2009 Lynch collaborated on Herzog's film My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? With

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3520-429: Is "a beautiful movie about values, forgiveness and healing and celebrates America. As soon as I saw it, I knew it was a Walt Disney film." That year, Lynch approached ABC again with ideas for a television drama. The network gave Lynch the go-ahead to shoot a two-hour pilot for the series Mulholland Drive , but disputes over content and running time led to the project being shelved indefinitely. But with $ 7 million from

3630-450: Is also known for directing the space opera adaptation Dune (1984), the surrealist neo-noir Lost Highway (1997), the biographical drama The Straight Story (1999), and the experimental film Inland Empire (2006). Lynch and Mark Frost created the ABC series Twin Peaks (1990–91), for which Lynch was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Directing for

3740-585: Is coming up. It will happen but I don't know exactly when". At Plus Camerimage, Lynch received a lifetime achievement award and the Key to the City from Bydgoszcz's mayor, Rafał Bruski . In a January 2013 interview with the Los Angeles Times , Laura Dern confirmed that she and Lynch were planning a new project, and The New York Times later revealed that Lynch was working on the script. Idem Paris ,

3850-439: Is set in the far future, when humans live in an interstellar empire under a feudal system . The main character, Paul Atreides ( Kyle MacLachlan ), is the son of a noble who takes control of the desert planet Arrakis , which grows the rare spice melange , the empire's most highly prized commodity. Lynch was unhappy with the work, later saying, " Dune was a kind of studio film. I didn't have final cut . And, little by little, I

3960-465: The Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in 2006 and an Honorary Academy Award in 2019. In 2007, a panel of critics convened by The Guardian announced that "after all the discussion, no one could fault the conclusion that David Lynch is the most important film-maker of the current era." Lynch studied painting before he began making short films in the late 1960s. His first feature-length film

4070-663: The New York City Department of Sanitation . A practitioner of Transcendental Meditation (TM), he founded the David Lynch Foundation , which seeks to fund the teaching of TM in schools and has since widened its scope to other at-risk populations, including the homeless, veterans, and refugees. My childhood was elegant homes, tree-lined streets, the milkman, building backyard forts, droning airplanes, blue skies, picket fences, green grass, cherry trees. Middle America as it's supposed to be. But on

4180-649: The Sundance Film Festival . Lynch revealed in a 2009 interview that she underwent three spinal surgeries following the release of Boxing Helena due to a car accident that occurred when she was 19 years old. In the same interview, Lynch stated that she has a daughter. David Lynch David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, visual artist, musician and actor. He has received critical acclaim for his films, which are often distinguished by their surrealist , dreamlike qualities. Lynch has received numerous accolades , including

4290-435: The 1960s in the film, including Roy Orbison 's " In Dreams " and Bobby Vinton 's " Blue Velvet ", the latter of which largely inspired the film. Lynch has said, "It was the song that sparked the movie ... There was something mysterious about it. It made me think about things. And the first things I thought about were lawns—lawns and the neighborhood. Other music for the film was composed by Angelo Badalamenti , who wrote

4400-600: The Bartender . He had been convinced to appear in the show by its lead actor, Mike Henry , a fan of Lynch who felt that his whole life had changed after seeing Wild at Heart . Lady Blue Shanghai is a 16-minute promotional film that was written, directed and edited by Lynch for Dior . It was released on the Internet in May 2010. Lynch directed a concert by English new wave band Duran Duran on March 23, 2011. The concert

4510-581: The French production company StudioCanal , Lynch completed the pilot as a film, Mulholland Drive . The film, a non-linear narrative surrealist tale of Hollywood 's dark side, stars Naomi Watts , Laura Harring and Justin Theroux . It performed relatively well at the box office worldwide and was a critical success, earning Lynch Best Director at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival (shared with Joel Coen for The Man Who Wasn't There ) and Best Director from

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4620-575: The Gods , which chronicles Lynch's struggle to make the film Hisss , was released in 2012. The documentary was shown at the Canadian International Documentary Festival and the program described the film: "Out of her depth shooting on location with an Indian crew and two top Bollywood stars, Lynch turns her production into a vehicle for her own self-actualization, paying no regard to timeline, budget or reality. As

4730-619: The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston , where he was roommates with musician Peter Wolf . He left after only a year, saying, "I was not inspired AT ALL in that place." He instead decided that he wanted to travel around Europe for three years with his friend Jack Fisk , who was similarly unhappy with his studies at Cooper Union . They had some hopes that they could train in Europe with Austrian expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka at his school. Upon reaching Salzburg , however, they found that Kokoschka

4840-561: The New York Film Critics Association. He also received his third Academy Award nomination for Best Director. In 2016, the film was named the best film of the 21st century in a BBC poll of 177 film critics from 36 countries. With the rising popularity of the Internet, Lynch decided to use it as a distribution channel, releasing several new series he had created exclusively on his website, davidlynch.com, which went online on December 10, 2001. In 2002, he created

4950-539: The Old Chain of Rocks Bridge . Lynch has directed episodes of many television series such as Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story , The Watcher , Jessica Jones , Finding Carter , Psych , Quantico , Teen Wolf , The Walking Dead , The Last Ship , Wayward Pines , American Horror Story , The Strain , Once Upon a Time , Hawaii Five-0 and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Lynch authored The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer to accompany

5060-488: The Pennsylvania Academy, Lynch made his first short film, Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) (1967). He had first come up with the idea when he developed a wish to see his paintings move, and he began discussing doing animation with an artist named Bruce Samuelson. When this project never came about, Lynch decided to work on a film alone, and purchased the cheapest 16mm camera that he could find. Taking one of

5170-685: The United States at the time of its release, but it has since experienced a critical reappraisal. A number of critics, such as Mark Kermode , have called it Lynch's "masterpiece". Meanwhile, Lynch worked on some new television shows. He and Frost created the comedy series On the Air (1992), which was canceled after three episodes aired, and he and Monty Montgomery created the three-episode HBO miniseries Hotel Room (1993) about events that happen in one hotel room on different dates. In 1993, Lynch collaborated with Japanese musician Yoshiki on

5280-436: The academy's abandoned upper rooms as a workspace, he spent $ 150, which at the time he felt to be a lot of money, to produce Six Men Getting Sick . Calling the film "57 seconds of growth and fire, and three seconds of vomit", Lynch played it on a loop at the academy's annual end-of-year exhibit, where it shared joint first prize with a painting by Noel Mahaffey. This led to a commission from one of his fellow students,

5390-578: The band Interpol , played in the background during Interpol's concert at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2011. The short, which features Interpol's song "Lights", was later made available online. It was believed that Lynch was going to retire from the film industry ; according to Abel Ferrara , Lynch "doesn't even want to make films any more. I've talked to him about it, OK? I can tell when he talks about it." But in

5500-565: The chaos, Conrad is killed and persons emerge from the van wearing rubber masks, kill Stephanie's mother and brother, and knock Bennett unconscious. Stephanie and Bobbi take refuge in the police car. Presently, Hallaway and Anderson are trying to figure things out when bodies are discovered in a motel nearby. Anderson takes Wright and Degrasso to the scene, leaving Hallaway with Bobbi, Billings, Bennett, and Stephanie, who whispers something in Hallaway's ear after Anderson leaves. Hallaway talks with

5610-484: The cherry tree there's this pitch oozing out – some black, some yellow, and millions of red ants crawling all over it. I discovered that if one looks a little closer at this beautiful world, there are always red ants underneath. Because I grew up in a perfect world, other things were a contrast. David Keith Lynch was born in Missoula, Montana , on January 20, 1946. His father, Donald Walton Lynch (1915–2007),

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5720-398: The company. He set about writing a script based upon the novel, initially with both Chris de Vore and Eric Bergren, and then alone when De Laurentiis was unhappy with their ideas. Lynch also helped build some of the sets, attempting to create "a certain look", and particularly enjoyed building the set for the oil planet Giedi Prime , for which he used "steel, bolts, and porcelain". Dune

5830-572: The disappearance of a young woman bring FBI agents Hallaway ( Bill Pullman ) and Anderson ( Julia Ormond ) to a town in rural Nebraska . They meet the three survivors of a mysterious bloodbath; the young Stephanie ( Ryan Simpkins ), the cocaine-addicted Bobbi ( Pell James ), and the foul-mouthed police officer Bennett (Kent Harper). Hallaway watches the trio's respective interviews with Captain Billings ( Michael Ironside ) and officers Wright ( Charlie Newmark ) and Degrasso ( Gill Gayle ), where they tell

5940-480: The episodes expected to air in 2016 on Showtime . Lynch and Frost wrote all the episodes. On April 5, 2015, Lynch announced via Twitter that the project was still alive, but he was no longer going to direct because the budget was too low for what he wanted to do. On May 15, 2015, he said via Twitter that he would return to the revival, having sorted out his issues with Showtime. Showtime CEO David Nevins confirmed this, announcing that Lynch would direct every episode of

6050-506: The film himself as the movie should reflect his own vision, not Lynch's. Soon, the opportunity to direct another big-budget science fiction epic arose when Dino de Laurentiis of the De Laurentiis Entertainment Group asked Lynch to create a film adaptation of Frank Herbert 's science fiction novel Dune (1965). Lynch agreed, and in doing so was also contractually obliged to produce two other works for

6160-409: The film is a disaster. The camera was broken and what I've done hasn't turned out.' And he said, 'Don't worry, David, take the rest of the money and make something else for me. Just give me a print.' End of story." With his leftover money, Lynch decided to experiment with a mix of animation and live action, producing the four-minute short The Alphabet (1968). The film starred Lynch's wife Peggy as

6270-537: The filming of Eraserhead was haphazard, regularly stopping and starting again. It was in one such break in 1974 that Lynch created the short film The Amputee , a one-shot film about two minutes long. Lynch proposed that he make The Amputee to present to AFI to test two different types of film stock. Eraserhead was finally finished in 1976. Lynch tried to get it entered into the Cannes Film Festival , but while some reviewers liked it, others felt it

6380-419: The first a planned sequel to Dune , which due to the film's failure never went beyond the script stage. The other was a more personal work, based on a script Lynch had been working on for some time. Developing from ideas that Lynch had had since 1973, the film, Blue Velvet , was set in the real town of Lumberton, North Carolina , and revolves around a college student, Jeffrey Beaumont (MacLachlan), who finds

6490-481: The first woman to receive the New York City Horror Film Festival 's Best Director award. Lynch was announced as director of the film Nagin (the film is also known as Hisss ) that featured Bollywood actress Mallika Sherawat , but the film that was released was not Lynch's work, even though the producers attached her name to the final product. Lynch explained in a 2012 interview: Well, ultimately, I didn't get to make that film. I put my director's cut together, and

6600-514: The highest rank of Eagle Scout . As an Eagle Scout, he was present with other Boy Scouts outside the White House at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy , which took place on Lynch's 15th birthday. Lynch was also interested in painting and drawing from an early age, and became intrigued by the idea of pursuing it as a career path when living in Virginia , where his friend's father

6710-460: The humor removed, and dealing with such topics as incest and murder. Lynch has said the film is about "the loneliness, shame, guilt, confusion and devastation of the victim of incest". The company CIBY-2000 financed Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me , and most of the TV series' cast reprised their roles, though some refused and many were unenthusiastic about the project. The film was a commercial failure in

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6820-468: The interference on his Gardenback project made him fed up with the Conservatory and led him to quit after returning to start his second year and being put in first-year classes. AFI dean Frank Daniel asked Lynch to reconsider, believing that he was one of the school's best students. Lynch agreed on the condition that he could create a project that would not be interfered with. Feeling that Gardenback

6930-402: The killer, and discovering not only the murder's supernatural aspects but also many of the townsfolk's secrets; Lynch said, "The project was to mix a police investigation with the ordinary lives of the characters." He later said, "[Mark Frost and I] worked together, especially in the initial stages. Later on we started working more apart." They pitched the series to ABC , which agreed to finance

7040-476: The killers. Hallaway kills Billings, and when Anderson returns Bennett and Bobbi are also murdered. A phone message left at the police station reveals the bodies at the motel are those of the missing woman and two real FBI Agents. As Anderson and Hallaway drive away they see Stephanie standing out in a field by the side of the road. Hallaway relates to Anderson that the little girl was on to them all along so he let her go free. Anderson tells Hallaway, "I think that's

7150-522: The mainstream, and it became a huge critical and moderate commercial success. The film earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director . Woody Allen , whose Hannah and Her Sisters was nominated for Best Picture , said Blue Velvet was his favorite film of the year. In the late 1980s, Lynch began to work in television, directing a short piece, The Cowboy and the Frenchman , for French television in 1989. Around this time, he met

7260-560: The most conventional" of Lynch's films. The Elephant Man was a huge critical and commercial success, earning eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay . After The Elephant Man ' s success, George Lucas , a fan of Eraserhead , offered Lynch the opportunity to direct the third film in his original Star Wars trilogy, Return of the Jedi . Lynch declined, saying that he had "next door to zero interest" and arguing that Lucas should direct

7370-426: The most romantic thing in the whole world." Stephanie watches their vehicle disappear into the distance. Different film stocks were processed in different ways to provide the varying states of minds and perspectives that belong to the various characters in the film: the two local police officers' POV is sepia toned , to reflect their power, while over- saturation was employed for the illicit drug-using couple, and

7480-552: The music for Twin Peaks , to create a theatrical piece to be performed twice in 1989 as a part of the New Music America Festival . The result was Industrial Symphony No. 1 : The Dream of the Broken Hearted , which starred frequent Lynch collaborators such as Laura Dern , Nicolas Cage and Michael J. Anderson , and contained five songs sung by Julee Cruise . Lynch produced a 50-minute video of

7590-406: The music for most of Lynch's subsequent work. De Laurentiis loved the film, and it received support at some of the early specialist screenings, but the preview screenings to mainstream audiences were very negatively received, with most of the viewers hating the film. Lynch had found success with The Elephant Man , but Blue Velvet ' s controversy with audiences and critics introduced him into

7700-555: The music for the film, saying it was "very different from the kind of score he's done for [Lynch] in the past". Among the many differences from Lynch's other films, The Straight Story contains no profanity, sexuality or violence, and is rated G (general viewing) by the Motion Picture Association of America , which came as "shocking news" to many in the film industry, who were surprised that it "did not disturb, offend or mystify". Le Blanc and Odell write that

7810-404: The officers arrive and harass all of them, making Steven put Conrad's gun in his mouth and making Bobbi swear at Johnny. After all of this, Stephanie tells the officers about the bloody car she saw earlier. The officers leave to investigate. Steven gets to work changing the tire, and Bobbi gets out to talk with Stephanie's family, who all feel violated by the officers. Simultaneously, after passing

7920-465: The performance in 1990. Meanwhile, he was also involved in creating various commercials for companies including Yves Saint Laurent , Calvin Klein , Giorgio Armani and the Japanese coffee company Namoi, which featured a Japanese man searching Twin Peaks for his missing wife. 1990 was Lynch's annus mirabilis: Wild at Heart won the Palme d'Or at Cannes , and the television series Twin Peaks

8030-411: The pilot and eventually commissioned a season comprising seven episodes. During season one Lynch directed two of the seven episodes, devoting more time to his film Wild at Heart , but carefully chose the other episodes' directors. He also appeared in several episodes as FBI agent Gordon Cole . The series was a success, with high ratings in the United States and many other countries, and soon spawned

8140-431: The plot made it "seem as far removed from Lynch's earlier works as could be imagined, but in fact right from the very opening, this is entirely his film—a surreal road movie". It was also Lynch's only title released by Walt Disney Pictures in the U.S., after studio president Peter Schneider screened the film before its Cannes Film Festival premiere and quickly had Disney acquire the distribution rights. Schneider said it

8250-465: The producers decided it was not what they wanted. They took it back to India. I never did any scoring or cutting or color-timing or any of the things you do to make the movie. They took the footage and changed it into what they wanted it to be. So it's not my film. I went to India and shot some footage, but I have nothing to do with the movie they made. Lynch then directed and co-wrote the 2012 thriller film Chained , in which Vincent D'Onofrio stars as

8360-449: The revival and that the original nine episodes had been extended to 18. Filming was completed by April 2016. The two-episode premiere aired on May 21, 2017. While doing press for Twin Peaks , Lynch was again asked if he had retired from film and seemed to confirm that he had made his last feature film, responding, "Things changed a lot... So many films were not doing well at the box office even though they might have been great films and

8470-444: The stars of both her father's television series Twin Peaks and his film Wild at Heart , was ultimately cast as leading character Helena. Kim Basinger was also attached and was famously sued after resigning from the project. The controversy surrounding that case, as well as feminist outcry over Helena' s sadistic subject matter and accusations of nepotism , accompanied the movie's critical drubbing upon its release in 1993. In

8580-596: The story from true events but in his view make a better plot, but he needed Mel Brooks 's permission, as Brooks's company, Brooksfilms , was responsible for production. Brooks viewed Eraserhead , and after coming out of the screening theatre, embraced Lynch, declaring, "You're a madman! I love you! You're in." The Elephant Man starred John Hurt as John Merrick (the name changed from Joseph) and Anthony Hopkins as Treves. Filming took place in London. Though surrealistic and in black and white, it has been called "one of

8690-533: The story in front of the camera derails, the story behind the camera explodes". She eventually disowned Hisss . As of 2015, she is also a member of the board of advisers for the Hollywood Horror Museum. Boxing Helena received incredibly scathing reviews upon its release and a Razzie Award for "Worst Director." Nevertheless, it was nominated for Grand Jury Prize in the Dramatic category at

8800-462: The story of what brought them there: In a warped way to pass the day, Officer Bennett and his partner Officer Conrad ( French Stewart ) watch (both hidden from view) and shoot the tires of cars driving along an isolated county road, then convince the drivers their tires blew out as a result of their speeding, and threaten them afterwards. They do so to one young couple then let them go. A bit later, Stephanie, traveling on vacation with her family, sees

8910-483: The studio considered it more comprehensible than the original version. Lynch objected to the changes and had his name struck from the extended cut, which has Alan Smithee credited as the director and "Judas Booth" (a pseudonym Lynch invented, reflecting his feelings of betrayal) as the screenwriter. In 1983, he began writing and drawing a comic strip, The Angriest Dog in the World , that featured unchanging graphics of

9020-409: The television producer Mark Frost , who had worked on such projects as Hill Street Blues , and they decided to start working together on a biopic of Marilyn Monroe based on Anthony Summers's book The Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe , but it never got off the ground. They went on to work on a comedy script, One Saliva Bubble , but that did not see completion either. While talking in

9130-694: The television show Twin Peaks which was created by her father David Lynch and Mark Frost . In 1993, Lynch directed the music video "Living in the Rose" by the British rock band New Model Army . On March 21, 2010, Lynch was a judge at the International Surrealist Film Festival and she worked as producer for the Corey Brandenstein natural horror film The Compound . An Australian documentary titled Despite

9240-521: The things that were doing well at the box office weren't the things that I would want to do". Lynch later said that this statement had been misconstrued: "I did not say I quit cinema, simply that nobody knows what the future holds." Since the last episode of The Return aired, there has been speculation about a fourth season. Lynch did not deny the possibility of another season, but said that if it were to happen, it would not air before 2021. Surveillance (2008 film) A series of violent deaths and

9350-467: The three others, while Degrasso discovers nude pictures of Anderson and Hallaway. Leafing through them in Anderson's backseat, Degrasso is shocked to see the agents with the body of a dead woman. Before he can react, Anderson shoots both Degrasso and Wright dead, then dumps both bodies by the roadside. Hallaway, meanwhile, reveals that he was at the bloodbath earlier, and reveals he and Anderson are in fact

9460-491: The video for X Japan 's song " Longing ~Setsubou no Yoru~ ". The video was never officially released, but Lynch claimed in his 2018 memoir Room to Dream that "some of the frames are so fuckin' beautiful, you can't believe it." After his unsuccessful TV ventures, Lynch returned to film. In 1997, he released the non-linear noiresque Lost Highway , which was co-written by Barry Gifford and starred Bill Pullman and Patricia Arquette . The film failed commercially and received

9570-399: The wealthy H. Barton Wasserman, who offered him $ 1,000 (equivalent to $ 8,800 in 2023) to create a film installation in his home. Spending $ 478 of that on the second-hand Bolex camera "of [his] dreams", Lynch produced a new animated short, but upon getting the film developed, realized that the result was a blurred, frameless print. He later said, "So I called up [Wasserman] and said, 'Bart,

9680-480: The world completely and totally fantastic as a child. Of course, I had the usual fears, like going to school ... for me, back then, school was a crime against young people. It destroyed the seeds of liberty. The teachers didn't encourage knowledge or a positive attitude. Alongside his schooling, Lynch joined the Boy Scouts . Later, he said he "became [a Scout] so I could quit and put it behind me". He rose to

9790-403: The world of the canceled Twin Peaks , this time without Frost, to create a film that was primarily a prequel but also in part a sequel. Lynch said, "I liked the idea of the story going back and forth in time." The result, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), primarily revolved around the last few days in the life of Laura Palmer, and was much "darker" in tone than the TV series, with much of

9900-511: Was Barry Gifford 's novel Wild at Heart: The Story of Sailor and Lula , about two lovers on a road trip. Lynch felt that it was "just exactly the right thing at the right time. The book and the violence in America merged in my mind and many different things happened." With Gifford's support, Lynch adapted the novel into Wild at Heart , a crime and road movie starring Nicolas Cage as Sailor and Laura Dern as Lula. Describing its plot as

10010-544: Was streamed live on YouTube from the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles as the kickoff to the second season of Unstaged: An Original Series from American Express . "The idea is to try and create on the fly, layers of images permeating Duran Duran on the stage", Lynch said. "A world of experimentation and hopefully some happy accidents". The animated short I Touch a Red Button Man , a collaboration between Lynch and

10120-497: Was "wrecked", he set out on a new film, Eraserhead . Eraserhead was planned to be about 42 minutes long (it ended up being 89 minutes), its script was only 21 pages, and Lynch was able to create the film without interference. Filming began on May 29, 1972, at night in some abandoned stables, allowing the production team, which was largely Lynch and some of his friends, including Sissy Spacek , Jack Fisk , cinematographer Frederick Elmes and sound designer Alan Splet , to set up

10230-689: Was a professional painter. At Francis C. Hammond High School in Alexandria, Lynch did not excel academically, having little interest in schoolwork, but he was popular with other students, and after leaving he decided that he wanted to study painting at college. He began his studies at the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design in Washington, D.C., before transferring in 1964 to the School of

10340-412: Was a reluctant father, but a very loving one. Hey, I was pregnant when we got married. We were both reluctant." As a family, they moved to Philadelphia's Fairmount neighborhood, where they bought a 12-room house for the relatively low price of $ 3,500 (equivalent to $ 32,000 in 2023) due to the area's high crime and poverty rates. Lynch later said: We lived cheap, but the city was full of fear. A kid

10450-544: Was a research scientist working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and his mother, Edwina "Sunny" Lynch (née Sundberg; 1919–2004), was an English language tutor. Two of Lynch's maternal great-grandparents were Finnish-Swedish immigrants who arrived in the U.S. during the 19th century. He was raised as a Presbyterian . The Lynches often moved around according to where the USDA assigned Donald. Because of this, Lynch moved with his parents to Sandpoint, Idaho , when he

10560-490: Was already enrolled there. He preferred this college to his previous school in Boston, saying, "In Philadelphia there were great and serious painters, and everybody was inspiring one another and it was a beautiful time there." It was here that he began a relationship with a fellow student, Peggy Reavey, whom he married in 1967. The following year, Peggy gave birth to their daughter Jennifer . Peggy later said, "[Lynch] definitely

10670-655: Was awful, and it was not selected for screening. Reviewers from the New York Film Festival also rejected it, but it was screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival , where Ben Barenholtz , the distributor of the Elgin Theater , heard about it. He was very supportive of the movie, helping to distribute it around the United States in 1977, and Eraserhead subsequently became popular on the midnight movie underground circuit, and

10780-616: Was born in Philadelphia . She is the daughter of artist and filmmaker David Lynch , who is responsible for her Finnish ancestry, and painter Peggy Reavey ( née Margaret Vosburgh Lentz). She began practicing Transcendental Meditation at the age of six. Lynch graduated from the Interlochen Art Academy where she studied visual arts and creative writing. Lynch was educated in Los Angeles and Michigan at Interlochen Arts Academy . Together with her mother, Lynch made

10890-472: Was canceled after a ratings drop. Lynch, who disliked the direction that writers and directors took in the later episodes, directed the final episode. He ended it with a cliffhanger (like season one had), later saying, "that's not the ending. That's the ending that people were stuck with." While Twin Peaks was in production, the Brooklyn Academy of Music asked Lynch and Badalamenti, who wrote

11000-510: Was essentially a child…when the National Organization of Women slammed me, that was sort of the final straw. It was no wonder I put my legs behind my ears and got pregnant. (laughs) Not that I didn't love sex before then, but seriously. It was my child, essentially, who saved my life. Following a lengthy hiatus, Lynch directed Surveillance , which won the top prize at the Festival de Cine de Sitges . A month later, Lynch became

11110-454: Was great ... you quickly learned that if you were going to get something done, you would have to do it yourself. They wanted to let people do their thing." He began writing a script for a proposed work, Gardenback , that had "unfolded from this painting I'd done". In this venture he was supported by a number of figures at the Conservatory, who encouraged him to lengthen the script and add more dialogue, which he reluctantly agreed to do. All

11220-454: Was just 100 percent blown away ... I thought it was the greatest thing I'd ever seen. It was such a cleansing experience." He agreed to help Lynch with his next film, Ronnie Rocket , for which Lynch had already written a script. But Lynch soon realized that Ronnie Rocket , a film that he has said is about "electricity and a three-foot guy with red hair", was not going to be picked up by any financiers, and so he asked Cornfeld to find him

11330-489: Was later called one of the most important midnight movies of the 1970s, along with El Topo , Pink Flamingos , The Rocky Horror Picture Show , The Harder They Come and Night of the Living Dead . Stanley Kubrick said it was one of his all-time favorite films. After Eraserhead ' s success on the underground circuit, Stuart Cornfeld , an executive producer for Mel Brooks , saw it and later said, "I

11440-534: Was not available; disillusioned, they returned to the United States after spending only two weeks in Europe. Back in the United States, Lynch returned to Virginia, but since his parents had moved to Walnut Creek, California , he stayed with his friend Toby Keeler for a while. He decided to move to Philadelphia and enroll at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts , after advice from Fisk, who

11550-531: Was proving a smash hit with audiences across the world. The musical/performance piece Industrial Symphony No. 1 , which Lynch had staged with Angelo Badalamenti at the Brooklyn Academy of music, had spawned the album Floating into the Night and launched singer Julee Cruise . Five one-man exhibitions between 1989 and 1991 emphasized Lynch's roots in fine art and painting, and a rash of ads (including

11660-416: Was released. At three hours, it is the longest of his films. Like Mulholland Drive and Lost Highway , it does not follow a traditional narrative structure. It stars Lynch regulars Laura Dern , Harry Dean Stanton and Justin Theroux , with cameos by Naomi Watts and Laura Harring as the voices of Suzie and Jane Rabbit, and a performance by Jeremy Irons . Lynch has called Inland Empire "a mystery about

11770-430: Was shot to death down the street ... We were robbed twice, had windows shot out and a car stolen. The house was first broken into only three days after we moved in ... The feeling was so close to extreme danger, and the fear was so intense. There was violence and hate and filth. But the biggest influence in my whole life was that city. Meanwhile, to help support his family, he took a job printing engravings. At

11880-577: Was subconsciously making compromises" [to his own vision]. Much of his footage was eventually removed from the final theatrical cut, dramatically condensing the plot. Although De Laurentiis hoped it would be as successful as Star Wars , Dune (1984) was a critical and commercial dud; it had cost $ 45 million to make, and grossed $ 27.4 million domestically. Later, Universal Studios released an "extended cut" for syndicated television, containing almost an hour of cutting-room-floor footage and new narration. It did not represent Lynch's intentions, but

11990-483: Was the independent surrealist film Eraserhead (1977), which saw success as a midnight movie . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for the biographical drama The Elephant Man (1980) and the mystery films Blue Velvet (1986) and Mulholland Drive (2001). He directed the romantic crime drama Wild at Heart (1990), which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival . He

12100-455: Was two months old; two years later, after his brother John was born, the family moved to Spokane, Washington . Lynch's sister Martha was born there. The family then moved to Durham, North Carolina , Boise, Idaho , and Alexandria, Virginia . Lynch adjusted to this transitory early life with relative ease, noting that he usually had no issue making new friends whenever he started attending a new school. Of his early life, he remarked: I found

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