Jimbolia ( Romanian pronunciation: [ʒimˈboli.a] ; Hungarian : Zsombolya ; German : Hatzfeld ; Serbian : Жомбољ , romanized : Žombolj ; Banat Bulgarian : Džimbolj ) is a town in Timiș County , Romania .
143-640: Jimbolia is located in the west of Timiș County, 39 km (24 mi) from the county seat, Timișoara , which is connected by the county road DJ59A and the Kikinda –Jimbolia–Timișoara railway. It lies in the Banat Plain, at the contact between the Timiș Plain and the Mureș Plain. An alignment of villages marks the boundary between the two relief units: Checea – Cărpiniș – Satchinez . The average altitude of
286-486: A ] ; German : Temeswar [ˈtɛmɛʃvaːɐ̯] , also Temeschwar or Temeschburg ; Hungarian : Temesvár [ˈtɛmɛʃvaːr] ; Serbian : Темишвар , romanized : Temišvar [těmiʃʋaːr] ; see other names ) is the capital city of Timiș County , Banat , and the main economic, social and cultural centre in Western Romania . Located on
429-490: A mammoth skeleton which was excavated on the grounds of the "Toza Marković" brick factory in 1996. The Jovan Popović National Library was founded in 1845 as Čitaonica Srbska (Serbian Reading Room). It was renamed in 1952 to Jovan Popović in honor of a prominent poet from Kikinda. Besides serving its primary function of loaning books, the library also organizes literary meetings, book promotions, seminars, lectures, exhibitions, and has published several works. Although
572-487: A second language , preferring Romanian. Serbian is more common among older generations educated in it. In 2018, according to official data, over 7,000 foreigners lived in Timișoara. The actual figure is higher, given that many foreigners living in Timișoara do not apply for permanent residence, while spending most of their time in the city. Although much changed throughout its history, the religious composition of Timișoara
715-467: A city. The city became part of the Kingdom of Serbia (and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ) in 1918, and it lost the city status. The status was re-granted in 2016. In 1996, the well-preserved archaeological remnants of a half a million-year-old mammoth were excavated on the outer edge of the town area. The mammoth called "Kika" has become one of the symbols of the town. Today it is exhibited in
858-544: A clear view of the whole city. This exaggeration is supposed to depict the flatness of the city's territory and symbolize the joy of finding way back home. A local man standing on a pumpkin, dressed in a traditional attire, and with his hand blocking the sun so that he can see into the distance, thus became the symbol of the region. A group of local enthusiasts started the Pumpkin Days celebration in 1986 and it quickly started attracting pumpkin and gourd lovers from all over
1001-403: A decrease compared to the previous census in 2011, when 319,279 inhabitants were registered. However, these figures are questioned by local authorities and sociologists due to the defective way in which the census was conducted. According to the mayor's office and local population records, Timișoara numbers over 309,000 inhabitants as of 2023. The population of the city represents roughly 38% of
1144-480: A distance of 30 and 27 km from the city, respectively, mentioned since Roman times for the properties of healing waters. Along with Oradea , Timișoara is part of the Art Nouveau European Route. It is also a member of Eurocities . Timișoara has an active cultural scene due to the city's three state theatres, opera , philharmonic and many other cultural institutions. In 2016, Timișoara
1287-562: A few Romanians and Serbs. World War I radically changed the configuration of the area within which Jimbolia played a central role. From an important town in the economy of Banat, it becomes a border town. After the withdrawal of the Serbs from Timișoara and the unification of Banat with Romania, Jimbolia remained in the provisional borders of Serbia . At the Paris Peace Conference , Prime Minister Ion I.C. Brătianu demanded
1430-415: A few insectivores and rodents. The birds, on the other hand, are numerous, some of which are of hunting importance (the pheasant ). The urban wildlife , although less varied than the forest wildlife, has a higher number of species of hunting interest ( rabbit , deer , quail , partridge , pheasant , hedgehog , etc.) and reptiles. In the parks of Timișoara there are hedgehogs , moles , tree frogs and
1573-604: A lot of birds. Regarding the piscifauna, the dominant species is the carp , along with which live breams , bleaks , roaches , zieges , pikes , natural support for sport fishing . Timișoara used to have the only zoo in western Romania, Timișoara Zoological Garden , but it was closed. The main watercourse is the Bega River , the southernmost tributary of the Tisza . Springing from the Poiana Ruscă Mountains , Bega
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#17327769074271716-451: A name given in honor of Empress Maria Theresa 's prime minister, Carl Friedrich Hatzfeldt zu Gleichen [ de ] (1718–1793). The conditions to which the first settlers were subjected were particularly harsh: because of the swamps surrounding the settlement and the unsanitary conditions, 168 people died in the first year of establishment alone. A plague epidemic ensued in 1770 that killed no less than 553 people. In 1781 Hatzfeld
1859-468: A pumpkin with 716.5 kilograms (1,580 lb) was measured. Every year, since 1982, six to eight world-renowned sculptors are invited to Kikinda, to the premises of an old production plant of the "Toza Marković" brick factory, to take part at the international symposium of sculpture "Terra". Work area has 600 square metres (6,500 sq ft) and a 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall furnace for baking sculptures. The symposium takes place throughout
2002-677: A school group for 1,200 students. The Technological High School in Jimbolia has theoretical and technological classes, vocational school, night courses and post-secondary courses. Following an investment from the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia , the high school offers high schooling conditions, with modern laboratories of computer science, mechanics, electrical engineering, electronics, farm equipment repair and maintenance, welding and hydraulic-pneumatics. Medical services are provided by five private medical offices, four private dental offices and
2145-503: A town hospital with a capacity of 125 beds. From an economic point of view, the primary sector, agriculture , has a significant share. The land fund comprises 9,735 ha (24,060 acres) of agricultural land , of which 97% is arable land and 3% are grasslands and hayfields. The industrial profile of the town remains dominated by the light industry (footwear, clothing, textiles), followed by electrical and electronic engineering industries, mechanical industry and plastics industry . 58% of
2288-478: Is 45. Predominantly under the influence of the maritime air masses from the northwest, Timișoara receives a higher amount of precipitation than the cities in the Wallachian Plain . The average amount of precipitation for the year in Timișoara is 604.4 mm (23.80 in), falling on 87 days. The month with the most precipitation on average is June with 80.8 mm of precipitation. The month with
2431-588: Is a city and the administrative center of the North Banat District in Serbia . The city's urban area has 32,084 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 49,326 inhabitants. The city was founded in the 18th century. From 1774 to 1874 Kikinda was the seat of the District of Velika Kikinda , an autonomous administrative unit of Habsburg monarchy . In 1893, Kikinda was granted the status of
2574-526: Is about 60,000 tons, 114,670 tons of sunflower seeds . Soy , sugar beet and other fruits and vegetables are also produced. Industrial production includes the production of oil derivatives by the "Naftagas" branch in Kikinda, metal processing, machine tools, special tools, car parts and flexible technologies by the former "Livnica Kikinda" (metal foundry) and IDA-Opel (now owned by Slovenian Cimos Koper ), roof tile and brick production by "Toza Marković",
2717-479: Is also connected by railway to Subotica and to Belgrade via Zrenjanin . Regional roads connect Kikinda with all the neighbouring cities and villages. Buses operate regularly to the surrounding villages and major domestic and some European cities. The only transport waterway in the city is the Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal . There is a dock which is used for industrial transport. There is also
2860-440: Is canalized, and from Timișoara to its outflow it was arranged for navigation (115 km [71 mi]). The Bega Canal was built between 1728 and 1760, but its final arrangement was made later. The Bega Canal was designed for the access of barges of 600–700 tons and an annual transport capacity of three million wagons. From the multitude of arms that existed before the canalization of Bega, only Bega Moartă (Dead Bega; in
3003-738: Is diverse. If in 1910 most of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics , in 2011 75% declared themselves Romanian Orthodox . In Timișoara there are 80 churches, 12 of which were built after 1989; 41 belong to the Orthodox Church , eight to the Roman Catholic Church and three to the Greek Catholic Church . In addition, there are three synagogues in Cetate , Fabric and Iosefin neighborhoods, all three built before World War I , when Jews accounted for 10% of
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#17327769074273146-548: Is first found recorded at the beginning of the 15th century as Kokenyd , and most probably denoted, together with the name Ecehida , a number of small settlements, i.e. estates, firstly belonging to Hungarian and later to Serb local rulers. The name of the town first appears on a map of 1718 as Gross Kikinda , indicating an uninhabited area or a wasteland and not a settlement. The adjective Gross , Nagy or Velika (Great) in German, Hungarian and Serbian versions respectively,
3289-484: Is located at the intersection of the 45th parallel north with the 21st meridian east . As a mathematical position, it is in the northern hemisphere , almost equally distant from the north pole and the equator , and in the eastern hemisphere, using Central European Time . The local time of the city (considered after the meridian) is 1 h 25' 8" ahead of the Greenwich Mean Time , but it is 34' 52" behind
3432-482: Is made up of people who have moved here from elsewhere. In 2017, the former mayor Nicolae Robu stated that the city of Timișoara has an additional population of over 100,000 people compared to the officially registered residents. This includes students, workers, and other categories of floaters, who are not included in the statistical reports as they no longer acquire a residence visa. Timișoara has stood out since ancient times as an ethnically diverse city. In 1910 ,
3575-566: Is provided by Lake Surduc , an anthropic lake (1976), the largest in Timiș County, located 87 km (54 mi) from the city. Like parts of Romania , Timișoara exhibits a transitional humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb ) and humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ), characteristic of the southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin , with some sub-Mediterranean influences. The dominant air masses, during spring and summer, are
3718-862: Is the informal capital of the West development region , which is equivalent to NUTS-II regions in the European Union and is used by the European Union and the Romanian Government for statistical analysis and coordination of regional development projects. The West development region is not an administrative entity. Timișoara is also the largest economic, social and commercial center of the DKMT Euroregion . Kikinda Kikinda ( Serbian Cyrillic : Кикинда , pronounced [kǐkiːnda] ; Hungarian : Nagykikinda )
3861-453: Is the largest collection of large size terracotta sculptures in the world and the first new museum of the contemporary art in Serbia since 1967. Previously proposed locations were within the brickyard complex, old brickyard II and old drier, but the adaptation of manjež began in 2012. There are over 1,000 sculptures in the exhibition space of 2,100 m (23,000 sq ft). Previously,
4004-411: Is to represent the national government at the local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of national development plans and governing programs at the local level. In 2003, neighborhood advisory councils were set up as a measure to improve local government consultation with citizens on local public policies. As of 2013, Timișoara had 20 neighborhood advisory councils. Timișoara
4147-625: The 2024 local elections , the Local Council has the following composition by political parties: Additionally, as Timișoara is the capital of Timiș County , the city hosts the Administrative Palace, the headquarters of the County Council ( Romanian : Consiliu Județean ) and the prefect , who is appointed by Romania's central government. The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and his role
4290-526: The Bega River , Timișoara is considered the informal capital city of the historical Banat region. From 1848 to 1860 it was the capital of the Serbian Vojvodina and the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar . With 250,849 inhabitants at the 2021 census , Timișoara is the country's fifth most populous city . It is home to around 400,000 inhabitants in its metropolitan area , while
4433-673: The Dacians who left traces of their past. Several Romanian historians have advanced the idea that the current location of Timișoara corresponds to the Dacian settlement of Zurobara . Although its location is unknown, the coordinates given by geographer Ptolemy in Geographike Hyphegesis place it in the northwest of Banat. It is assumed that in the 9th century Knyaz Glad ruled over these lands, accepting Hungarian sovereignty, though no contemporary accounts exist. Timișoara
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4576-751: The Habsburg monarchy . The District functioned, with some interruptions, until 1876 when it was abolished, and Kikinda was allocated both organizationally and administratively to the direct authority of the Torontal County with its headquarters in Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin ), which covered most of the territory of present-day Serbian Banat. In 1848/1849, the famous uprising of the Serbs in Vojvodina took place. Initially, Kikinda's citizens expressed, almost unanimously, social revolt, while later
4719-473: The Kikinda Airfield , a recreational aerodrome near the city. The local flying club organizes lessons in parachuting, aviation and space-modeling. "Cropduster" planes are also flown from this airstrip to spray agricultural fields. There are eight primary schools in the city: All secondary schools in Kikinda use Serbian as the language of instruction: Situated in the city square, the building of
4862-538: The Mediterranean Sea is also strongly felt, which in winter generate complete thawing and in summer impose periods of stifling heat. The average annual temperature was 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) between 1991 and 2020. The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 22.7 °C (72.9 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 1.0 °C (33.8 °F). The lowest temperature recorded in Timișoara
5005-657: The National Museum of Kikinda was built in 1839. In the beginning, the building served as the city curia and the seat of the District of Velika Kikinda until its abolishment in 1876. In 1946, the National Museum of Kikinda and the City Archive [6] were founded and housed in the building. The Museum boasts numerous artifacts which are displayed in its four sections: archeological, historical, ethnological and naturalist. As of recently, it also possesses
5148-646: The Pannonian Plain is bounded by the Mureș , the Tisza and the Danube ; the region was very fertile and already offered favourable conditions for food and human livelihood in 4000 BC. Archeological remains attested the presence of a population of farmers, hunters and artisans, whose existence was favoured by mild climate, fertile soil and abundant water and forests. The first identifiable civilisation in Banat were
5291-474: The interwar years saw continuous economic and cultural development. A number of anti-fascist and anti-revisionist demonstrations also took place during this time. During World War II , Timișoara suffered damage from both Allied and Axis bombing raids , especially during the second half of 1944. On 23 August 1944, Romania, which until then was a member of the Axis, declared war on Nazi Germany and joined
5434-614: The kuruc and the Turkish civilian population were forced to leave the city after a 48-day siege marked by repeated bombings that destroyed much of the city's buildings. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), the Banat of Temeswar became the province of the Habsburg monarchy and was proclaimed "possession of the Crown" with a military administration which ruled Timișoara until 1751 when it
5577-505: The Allies. The German and Hungarian troops attempted to take the city by force throughout September, but without success. After the war, the People's Republic of Romania was proclaimed, and Timișoara underwent Sovietisation and, later, Systematisation . The city's population tripled between 1948 and 1992. Timișoara became highly industrialised both through new investments and by increasing
5720-507: The Austro-Ottoman Wars. The city of Kikinda is located on a territory rich in remains of old and bygone cultures. Numerous archeological findings are the testimony of people who lived here more than seven thousand years ago. However, the continuity of that duration was often broken. People arrived and departed, lived and disappeared, depending on various historical circumstances. Two important medieval settlements existed near
5863-599: The Banat plain. By the middle of the 14th century, Timișoara was at the forefront of Western Christendom 's battle against the Muslim Ottoman Turks . In 1394, the Turks led by Bayezid I passed Nagybecskerek (present-day Zrenjanin ) and Timișoara on their way to Wallachia where they were defeated by Voivode Mircea the Elder in the battle of Rovine . Timișoara once again served as a concentration point for
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6006-658: The Christian armed forces, this time for the battle of Nicopolis . After the Christians' defeat, the Ottomans devastated Banat to Timișoara, from where they were expelled by Count István Losonczy. Appointed Count of Timiș in 1440, John Hunyadi moved with his family to Timișoara, which he would turn into a permanent military camp. John Hunyadi would come to be known throughout the region for his victory in Belgrade over
6149-471: The Christian army conquered several towns, but Timișoara remained untouched. Another attempt to retake the city took place in 1596, when an army of Sigismund Báthory began the siege of the city. After 40 days of futile efforts, the besiegers drew back. After the victory at Petrovaradin on 5 August 1716, the Austrian army led by Prince Eugene of Savoy decided to conquer Timișoara. The Ottoman military,
6292-567: The Csomboly family. The last document from this period, recorded by historian Nicolae Ilieșiu [ ro ] , shows that in 1520 there was a certain Mihai of Chumbul , a close man of the king. After this appearance in documents from the beginning of the Middle Ages, nothing is said about this locality in documents from the Turkish rule of Banat. The historical thread is resumed after
6435-702: The Diet and that of disposing its own revenues. The city was under siege in 1848 for 107 days. The Hungarians unsuccessfully tried to capture the fortress in the battle of Temesvár . It was the last major battle in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . By the March Constitution , the region was incorporated to the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar , which became a crownland of the Austrian Empire . The new imperial province,
6578-574: The Fabric neighborhood) and Bega Veche (Old Bega; to the west, flowing through Săcălaz) are preserved inside the city. In addition to permanent courses and those that dry out, often during the summer, on the territory of Timișoara there are a number of lakes: either natural, formed instead of the old meanders or subsidence areas, such as those near Kuncz, Giroc, Pădurea Verde, etc., or of anthropic origin, such as those from Fratelia, Freidorf, Ciarda Roșie, Ștrandul Tineretului, etc. Timișoara's drinking water
6721-771: The Hungarian Forest Service. About 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Timișoara is the Bazoș Dendrological Park, a forest reserve which since 1994 has the status of protected area. The first trees of the reserve were brought in 1909 from the Harvard University nursery. Today, the reserve includes 800 different species of trees and shrubs and is part of the International Association of Botanical Gardens. The fauna of Timișoara includes few mammals, represented only by
6864-1395: The Hungarian form. The Habsburg/Austrian authorities also used Temeschwar or Temeswar , names that have become commonplace in current usage. The name of the city comes from the river which passes the city, Timișul Mic ( German : Kleine Temesch ; Hungarian : Kistemes ), hydronym which was in use until the 18th century when it was changed to Bega or Beghei. [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary (1212–1526) [REDACTED] Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary (1551–1552) [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire (1552–1716) [REDACTED] Habsburg Monarchy (1718–1779) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary (1779–1849) [REDACTED] Austrian Empire (1849–1867) [REDACTED] Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) ( de jure Hungary until 1920 ) [REDACTED] Banat Republic (1918) ( de facto ) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Serbia (1918) ( de facto ) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1919) ( de facto ) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Romania (1920–1947) ( de facto from 1919) [REDACTED] Romanian People's Republic (1947–1965) [REDACTED] Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989) [REDACTED] Romania (1989–present) The southeastern part of
7007-578: The National Museum of Kikinda. Other attractions of the city are the Suvača – a unique horse-powered dry mill , the annual Pumpkin Days and the International Symposium of Sculpture "Terra". The winter roosts of long-eared owl , with a large number of individuals, are easily accessible as they are situated in town parks and attract birdwatchers both from this country and abroad. In Serbian ,
7150-537: The National Theater in Kikinda was founded only 50 years ago, Kikinda has a long theatrical tradition. Kikinda witnessed its first theatrical play in 1796 in German. The first play in Serbian was performed in 1834. The theater has a continuous program all year round, including the summer when the stage is set up outside, in the yard of the theater. The most famous band is Downstroy formed in 2004. In 2007,
7293-676: The Ottomans along the rivers of the Moriš and the Tisa . After the Požarevac peace treaty, where an agreement between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire was reached, the Ottomans lost the territory of Banat , which led to huge job losses among the Serb population. As a result, they founded a new settlement in an effort to make a living from agriculture . Some decades later, along with
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#17327769074277436-411: The Ottomans, considered at that time a defender of Christianity. An important event in the city's history was the peasant uprising led by György Dózsa . On 10 August 1514 he tried to change the course of Bega River to be able to enter more easily into the city, but he was defeated by attacks from both inside and outside the city. The fall of Belgrade in 1521 and the defeat at Mohács in 1526 caused
7579-593: The Serbs, Germans ( Banat Swabians ), Hungarians, French and Jews also settled the area. About twenty years after the establishment of the settlement, on 12 November 1774, the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa , by way of a special charter, formed the Velikokikindski privileged district – Regio-privilegiatus Districtus Magnokikindiensis, as a distinct feudal governmental administrative unit with headquarters in Kikinda. Beside Kikinda,
7722-661: The Timișoara–Arad metropolis concentrates more than 70% of the population of Timiș and Arad counties. Timișoara is a multicultural city, home to 21 ethnic groups and 18 religious denominations. Historically, the most numerous were the Swabian Germans , Jews and Hungarians , who still make up 6% of the population in Timișoara. Conquered in 1716 by the Austrians from the Ottoman Turks, Timișoara developed in
7865-429: The Viennese Imperial Court accepted that the three counties of Banat to be reincorporated into the Hungarian Kingdom, in 1779. In 1781 Joseph II declared Timișoara free from the county authority and, to prevent the nobles from interfering with the administration of the city, he raised it to the rank of a "free royal city". This status would secure Timișoara's internal self-government, the right to have representatives in
8008-499: The abolition of the camps, most of the remaining German population left for Austria and Germany in search of better living conditions. In 1948, shortly after the end of World War II, Kikinda had a population of 28,070. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, the city saw continuous economic and cultural development: new factories and production plants, new blocks of flats and residential neighbourhoods, various objects of general social interest, and paved streets definitely stressed and formed
8151-650: The active population works in the town's industry. The largest industrial companies in the town are: Vogt (electronic components), Ciocanul Prodimpex (footwear), CRH (car subassemblies), Halm (hydraulic pumps), Ani Fashion (clothing), Faulhaber (micromotors) and Kabelsysteme Hatzfeld (audio-video cables). The tertiary sector, which covers the full range of services, has a share of 38%. Jimbolia has concluded twinning or collaboration agreements with: Timi%C8%99oara Timișoara ( UK : / ˌ t ɪ m ɪ ˈ ʃ w ɑːr ə / , US : / ˌ t iː m iː -/ , Romanian: [ t i m i ˈ ʃ o̯a r
8294-410: The aftermath of World War I , the Banat region was divided between the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , and Timișoara came under Romanian administration after Serbian occupation between 1918 and 1919. The city was ceded from Hungary to Romania by the Treaty of Trianon on 4 June 1920. In 1920, King Ferdinand I awarded Timișoara the status of a University Centre, and
8437-544: The banks of the Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal , where rabbits, pheasants and deer are hunted. On the location of the former clay pit of the "Toza Marković" company, an artificial lake was created. Located at the southern entrance into the town, it was named Plava banja ("Blue Spa"). Though it is not officially classified as a spa, the water is highly mineralized, microbiologically suitable for swimming and chemically has an elevated levels of sulfates and chlorides , so as higher electroconductivity and pH values. That means
8580-437: The capacities of the old enterprises in various industries: machine building, textile and footwear, electrical, food, plastics, optical, building materials, furniture, etc. In December 1989, Timișoara witnessed a series of mass street protests in what was to become the Romanian Revolution . On 20 December, three days after bloodshed began there, Timișoara was declared the first city free of Communism in Romania . Timișoara
8723-403: The category of chernozems . The current local council has the following political composition, based on the results of the votes cast at the 2024 Romanian local elections. The ancient history of the town began to be documented in 1332–1333, when a papal census of the lands of Banat for the establishment of taxes (tithe) took place. In these papal registers, the name Chumbul appears. From
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#17327769074278866-441: The city is known as Kikinda (Кикинда), while in other languages it is called Great Kikinda : in Hungarian as Nagykikinda , in German as Gross Kikinda or Großkikinda , in Latin as Magna Kikinda , in Romanian as Chichinda Mare , in Slovak as Kikinda , in Rusyn as Кикинда, and in Croatian as Kikinda . Until 1947 it was also known in Serbian as Great Kikinda — Velika Kikinda (Велика Кикинда). The name of Kikinda
9009-452: The city through the Azapilor Gate. After the death of John Zápolya , Habsburgs tried to obtain Transylvania and Banat, including Timișoara, with mixed results; Transylvania even entered into dual vassalage for a time. Timișoara remained under the Ottoman rule for 164 years, controlled directly by the Sultan and enjoying a special status, similar to other cities in the region, such as Budapest and Belgrade . During this period, Timișoara
9152-533: The city was rebuilt and grew considerably during the reign of Charles I of Hungary , who, upon his visit there in 1307, ordered the strengthening of the fortress with stone walls and the building of a royal palace. The palace was built by Italian craftsmen and was organised around a rectangular court having a main body provided with a dungeon or a tower. He even moved the royal seat from Buda to Timișoara between 1316 and 1323. Timișoara's importance also grew due to its strategic location, which facilitated control over
9295-417: The city's population; at present, only the Orthodox synagogue in Iosefin and the Cetate synagogue hold religious services. Timișoara is the seat of the Archiepiscopate of Timișoara, the see of the Metropolis of Banat , as well as the seat of the Diocese of Timișoara , one of the six Roman Catholic dioceses in Romania. The first free local elections in post-communist Timișoara took place in 1992. The winner
9438-403: The coat was not changed. Most critics of Blažić stated that the coat of arms is a part of the history and tradition of Kikinda and so an important factor of the city identity. The severed head of a Turk is also one of the common symbols in Austrian and Hungarian heraldry . It symbolizes the struggle of Serb soldiers of the Habsburg Empire ( Austrian Empire ) against the Ottoman Empire during
9581-449: The collection was shown in Venice, Paris, Ljubljana and Belgrade. Several sculptures are permanently exhibited in the parks of Kikinda and Belgrade, while 5 monumental ones were donated to Venice after the 1999 Venice Biennale . Before the break-up of former Yugoslavia , hunting tourism was widespread in Kikinda. There are a number of hunting grounds in the city covering an area of 300 square kilometres (116 sq mi), mostly around
9724-490: The communes of Pardanj , Modoš , Šurjan , Crivobara and Veliki Gaj , while Serbia ceded to Romania Beba Veche , Cherestur , Ciorda , Iam and the town of Jimbolia. The latter officially became part of Romania only in 1924. After World War II , Jimbolia entered a new stage of development in the planned economy . In 1950 it was declared a town, then the block of flats in the station area began to be built, new industries were introduced and existing ones were developed. At
9867-399: The conquest of Banat by the Austrians, but for a period it does not appear to be inhabited. Only in 1766 was the new town born, by colonization with German population from Mainz , Trier , Sauer , Pfalz , Lorraine , and Luxembourg . It originally consisted of two separate areas, Landestreu and Hatzfeld , a little further west, but two years later the two merged under the name Hatzfeld ,
10010-418: The core of the city was formed, and the city received a defined local government in 1895 (statute, senate, town representative, mayor (Karlo Radovan), etc.). According to the 1910 census, the population of Kikinda numbered 26,795 inhabitants, of whom 14,214 (53.00%) spoke Serbian, 5,968 (22.27%) Hungarian, and 5,855 (21.85%) German. A date around the end of the First World War (20 November 1918) denotes one of
10153-432: The country. The three-day event also includes lectures and seminars on the advancement of pumpkin and gourd cultivation, a culinary competition in preparing meals from pumpkins and gourds, children's competitions in creating masks and sculptures, and various concerts and exhibitions. Over the past few years this event has gained prominence and has drawn visitors from Hungary, Romania and the former Yugoslav republics . In 2006
10296-481: The district included another nine settlements of the Serb border military establishments in North and Central Banat: Srpski Krstur , Jozefovo (today part of Novi Kneževac ), Mokrin , Karlovo (today part of Novo Miloševo ), Bašaid , Vranjevo (today part of Novi Bečej ), Melenci , Kumane and Taraš . During that period, the inhabitants of these places had substantial economic and even political privileges within
10439-652: The division of the Hungarian Kingdom in three parts, and Banat became the object of contention between the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary and Ottomans . After a failed siege in 1551, the Turks regrouped and returned with a new strategy. On 22 April 1552, a 160,000-strong army led by Kara Ahmed Pasha conquered the city and transformed it into a capital city in the region ( Eyalet of Temeşvar ). The local military commander, István Losonczy, and other Christians were massacred on 27 July 1552 while escaping
10582-523: The end of 19th century Veliki Bečkerek was linked directly to Szeged, bypassing Kikinda, the economy slowed down. In 1953 the connection with Szeged was cut as the bridge over the river Tisza was demolished. The connection to Timișoara was operational via railbuses until 2015. The Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I visited Kikinda in 1872 arriving by this railway and it was also used for the original Orient Express route. As of 2017, trains operate only as far as Subotica and Zrenjanin . In 1893, Kikinda
10725-513: The entire Pannonian Basin . The landscape is diversified by meadow vegetation, along the main rivers, in which softwood trees predominate: willows , poplars , alders . Within the city limits is the Green Forest ( Romanian : Pădurea Verde ), a forest massif with an area of about 724 ha (1,790 acres), systematically arranged in squares of 15 ha (37 acres). The forest is man-made; first organization plans were carried out in 1860 by
10868-470: The ethnic structure of the city. The German (about 22%) and Jewish (about 2%) populations vanished. In 1940, there were about 500 Jews in the town. In August 1941, they were deported to the Sajmište death camp near Belgrade and murdered. In 1944, one part of the German population fled the region, together with the defeated German army. Between 1944 and 1948, those who remained were detained in work camps. After
11011-414: The event celebrated its 20th anniversary and had the largest number of visitors so far, as well as a richer program. A tamburitza festival was included in the event, contributing to the authentic Banat experience. In 2019, records in both categories were set - the largest pumpkin weighed 639.5 kilograms (1,410 lb), while the longest gourd was 366 centimetres (144 in) in length. However, in 2022,
11154-478: The existence of which had also been consecrated by the imperial decree of 18 November 1849, was ruled both militarily and civilly, and the official languages were German and "Illyrian" (what would come to be known as Serbo-Croatian ). Timișoara was designated as the residence of the governor, and the city maintained its privileges as a free royal city. In 1860, the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
11297-562: The fight of Serbs and the majority ethnic Hungarians at that time, against the Turks during the Military Frontier period and the military contributions of the population of Kikinda during the Austro-Ottoman Wars . In 2007, Branislav Blažić, then president of the municipality of Kikinda, asked for the change of the coat of arms, criticizing it for being " morbid ". The idea proved very controversial, and ultimately
11440-526: The first stem cell transplant . As a technology hub, the city has one of the most powerful IT sectors in Romania alongside Bucharest , Cluj-Napoca , Iași , and Brașov . In 2013, Timișoara had the fastest internet download speed in the world. Nicknamed the "Little Vienna" or the "City of Roses", Timișoara is noted for its large number of historical monuments and its 36 parks and green spaces. The spa resorts Buziaș and Băile Călacea are located at
11583-599: The first European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884. It opened the first public lending library in the Habsburg monarchy and built a municipal hospital 24 years ahead of Vienna . Also, in 1771 it published the first German newspaper in Southeast Europe ( Temeswarer Nachrichten ). In December 1989, Timișoara was the starting point of the Romanian Revolution . Timișoara is one of
11726-426: The following centuries behind the fortifications and in the urban nuclei located around them. During the second half of the 19th century, the fortress began to lose its usefulness, due to many developments in military technology. Former bastions and military spaces were demolished and replaced with new boulevards and neighbourhoods. Timișoara was the first city in the Habsburg monarchy with street lighting (1760) and
11869-496: The fortifications began in 1899. The main functions of the city thus became the economic ones, especially the commercial and banking ones. On 31 October 1918, local military and political elites established the Banat National Council, together with representatives of the region's main ethnic groups: Germans , Hungarians , Serbs and Romanians . On 1 November they proclaimed the short-lived Banat Republic . In
12012-517: The fortress for a very long time and favored a wet and insalubrious climate, which spread plague and cholera and kept the number of inhabitants relatively low, preventing civic development. With time, these rivers were drained, dammed and diverted. Due to the hydrographical projects undertaken in the 18th century, the city no longer lies on the Timiș River, but on the Bega Canal . This improvement of
12155-477: The foundation has in its inventory a library of 16,000 volumes in Romanian and German, some with great bibliophilic value, a collection of numismatics, philately, stamps and bookplates, important manuscripts from Romanian and German writers, paintings, engravings, and museum household objects. In the town there are five kindergartens for preschool children, a general school (1–8) where over 1,000 students study and
12298-559: The group was the first in the history of the ex-YU to perform at one of the biggest heavy metal festivals in the world - Wacken Open Air . In 2022, Downstroy received an invitation to perform on the main stage of the EXIT festival, which was the first time a performer from Kikinda had succeeded. The Pumpkin Days ( Дани лудаје/Dani ludaje in Serbian) are an annual manifestation that takes place in mid-October. Every year people from all over
12441-454: The interval of 2–3 m). Timișoara is a fairly active seismic center, but of the many earthquakes observed, few have exceeded magnitude 6 on the Richter scale . There are two active seismic faults that cross the western part of the city. The earthquakes recorded in the region are normal earthquakes, of crustal type, with depths of foci between 5 and 30 km (3.1 and 18.6 mi). In
12584-431: The labor force for other regions of the country, with a demographic surplus, especially for the counties in northern Moldavia , northwestern Transylvania and Oltenia . Timișoara manages to attract about 8,000 new inhabitants annually, most coming mainly from Timiș County , but also from smaller cities in neighboring counties – Caraș-Severin , Hunedoara and Arad . In fact, 46.2% of the current population of Timișoara
12727-409: The lake was neglected and without even the basic infrastructure (showers, toilets, etc.). However, the locals still visit the lake, though on a much smaller scale. In the summer of 2017, the lake shores were cleaned from garbage and vegetation. There is another lake, Staro jezero ("Old Lake"), in the town itself. It is a remnant of the former river Galacka, part of the Mureș river system. The river
12870-489: The land was made irreversible by building the Bega Canal (started in 1728) and by the complete draining of the surrounding marshes. The city lies only 0.5 to 5 metres above the water table, which disallows the construction of tall buildings. The rich black soil and relatively high water table make this a fertile agricultural region. Taken as a whole, the relief of Timișoara appears as a relatively flat, monotonous surface,
13013-424: The largest community was represented by Germans , followed by Hungarians , Romanians , Jews , Serbs and many other smaller communities, such as Czechs , Slovaks , Croats , Romas , Bulgarians , Poles , etc. The figures and percentage ratios are much changed today, but the multiethnic aspect of the city persists. Nowadays, 85% of the inhabitants are Romanians, while the minorities are much more diverse due to
13156-456: The least precipitation on average is February with an average of 34.2 mm (1.35 in). Ethnic composition of Timișoara (2021) Religious composition of Timișoara (2021) From a demographic point of view, Timișoara is defined, according to the Zipf's law , as a second-tier city, along with Iași , Constanța , Cluj-Napoca and Brașov , with extensive macro-territorial functions and having
13299-528: The location of modern Kikinda. The names of these settlements were Galad and Hološ. Galad was one of the oldest Slavic settlements in northern Banat and was built by Slavic duke Glad in the ninth century. In 1337, Galad was recorded as settlement populated almost exclusively by Serbs . This settlement was destroyed during the Austro - Ottoman wars at the end of 17th and beginning of the 18th century. Another settlement, Hološ (also known as Velika Holuša),
13442-489: The month of July. Over the years, "Terra" has hosted sculptors from all corners of the world who are drawn by the unique and peaceful ambience of the studio. All sculptures are done in terracotta and some have appeared at the Venice Biennale . Over 300 sculptors have so far participated at the symposium and together have produced more than 500 sculptures. The "Terra" museum was opened on 5 December 2017. A building of
13585-485: The most crucial moments in the modern history of Kikinda. The entry of the Serbian army into the city represented the achievement of the Serbs of Kikinda in striving to unite with Serbia. From 1 December 1918, the city was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed Yugoslavia in 1929). However, the city suffered greatly in the economic realm, as it was located in the hinterland, between two borders, with lines of communication disconnected. The period between
13728-423: The most important educational centres in Romania, with about 40,000 students enrolled in the city's six universities. Like many other large cities in Romania, Timișoara is a medical tourism service provider, especially for dental care and cosmetic surgery . Several breakthroughs in Romanian medicine have been achieved in Timișoara, including the first in vitro fertilization , the first laser heart surgery and
13871-473: The official time of Romania ( Eastern European Time ). Timișoara lies at an altitude of 90 metres on the southeast edge of the Banat Plain, part of the Pannonian Plain , near the divergence of the Timiș and Bega rivers. The waters of the two rivers form a swampy and frequently flooded land. Timișoara developed on one of few places where the swamps could be crossed. These constituted a natural protection around
14014-534: The old riding hall ( manjež ), built in 1871, was converted into a museum by sculptor Slobodan Kojić. When built, manjež served for the horse training of the Austro-Hungarian army and was the second largest such facility in the empire, after the one in Vienna. The exhibits, works of over 300 artists from all over the world since 1982, belong both to large and gallery format sculptures. The "Terra" exhibition
14157-407: The past, there were extensive oak forests between the Tisza and Timiș . Over time, they were cleared to obtain the wood needed to build the fortress and houses, as well as to gain arable land. Today, except for the areas forested with Turkey oak and Hungarian oak (Green Forest, Bistra Forest, Timișeni–Șag Forest), the territory falls within the anthropogenic forest steppe that characterizes
14300-527: The population of Timiș County , 15% of the population of the West development region and 1.3% of the total population of Romania. As defined by Eurostat , the Timișoara functional urban area has a population of 364,325 inhabitants (as of 2018). According to a study conducted by the World Bank , Timișoara was between 2001 and 2011 the regional city in Romania that attracted the highest number of in-migrants. Timișoara serves as an important polarizer of
14443-408: The population, ethnicity was unknown. By religion, most inhabitants were Orthodox (62.57%), but there were also minorities of Roman Catholics (22.98%) and Pentecostals (4.03%). For 7.39% of the population, religious affiliation was unknown. At the 2021 census , the town had a population of 10,179; of those, 71.54% were Romanians, 6.1% Roma, 6.08% Hungarians, and 1.48% Germans. In recent years,
14586-480: The presence of Asians, Italians, Muslims, and fewer Germans and Hungarians. Yet, in Timișoara live most Germans in Romania as share in the population of a city. The decline of German and Hungarian communities is mainly due to assimilation (for instance, 64% of Hungarians in Timișoara live in mixed marriages), migration and low birth rates. Timișoara is also home to an important Serb community , which in 2011 numbered almost 5,000 people. Many of them use Serbian as
14729-450: The production of chemicals by "MSK" and "Hemik" and the processing of agricultural products by a number of factories. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018): Rail line Banatsko Aranđelovo – Kikinda – Romanian border at Jimbolia , part of the former Szeged – Timișoara railway is the second oldest railway in present-day Serbia. The city
14872-477: The railway between Timișoara and Kikinda was completed, which also passed through Jimbolia and connected further with Szeged , being the main route from Timișoara to Budapest and Vienna . Access to this railway allowed it to develop rapidly, slowed only by the cholera epidemic of 1873, which killed more than 1,000 people. During this period, the brick factory (1864) opened, attracting agricultural workers from all over southern Banat, especially Hungarians. Thus
15015-512: The recognition of the borders of a Romania that included the whole of Banat, with the border on the lower Tisa until its discharge into the Danube and then the course of the Danube. However, the conference decided on the demarcation line that has been maintained until today, except for a rectification that took place in 1923. On 24 November 1923, Romania and Serbia concluded a protocol for a territorial exchange in Belgrade. Romania undertook to cede
15158-410: The region gather in Kikinda to take part in a competition of who has the largest pumpkin and longest gourd . The term ludaja is specific to the Kikinda region, while the common Serbian word for pumpkin is bundeva . Kikinda has a special relationship with this plant because throughout its history, the locals used to say that one had to stand on a pumpkin while working in the fields in order to get
15301-432: The researches of Hungarian historian Samu Borovszky [ hu ] , it appears that originally it was a Cumano-Vlach locality, a fact proved by the existence of a Romanian parish. This Chumbul is also mentioned in Hungarian documents from 1489, which speak of the existence of the communes of Chumbul Mare ("Great Chumbul"), Chumbul Mic ("Little Chumbul") and Chumbul Intern ("Inner Chumbul"), most likely owned by
15444-501: The same time, the irreversible process of declining German population begins, which within a few decades becomes a minority and ends with the mass exodus after the 1989 revolution . Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) Jimbolia had a population of 10,808 inhabitants at the 2011 census , down 3% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants were Romanians (72.69%), larger minorities being represented by Hungarians (10.82%), Roma (5.51%) and Germans (2.87%). For 7.29% of
15587-427: The second half of the 18th century according to the standard city plans of the time used for the construction of new settlements in Banat. Those plans defined settlements with regularly lined and wide streets intersecting at right angles, with a central town square, market place, church, city hall, school, inn, etc. According to the last official census done in 2011, the city of Kikinda has 59,453 inhabitants. Most of
15730-410: The second largest functional urban area , after Bucharest , of over 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi). In 2013, Bucharest and Timișoara were also the only metropolitan European growth areas (MEGAs) in Romania. Nationally, Timișoara has been recognized as the largest polarizing center in western Romania. According to the 2021 census , the population of Timișoara amounted to 250,849 inhabitants,
15873-457: The settlements in the city have an ethnic Serb majority, while one settlement has a Hungarian ethnic majority: Sajan (Hungarian: Szaján). Two others have over 20% of ethnic Hungarian population: Banatska Topola and Rusko Selo . The ethnic composition of city administrative area: The principal branch of the city's economy is agriculture, with its 598.17 square kilometres (230.95 sq mi) of arable land. The annual production of wheat
16016-590: The smoothness of the surface interrupted only by the Bega riverbed. Researched in detail, the relief of the city and its surroundings presents a series of local peculiarities, represented mainly by deserted meanders, micro-depressions and ridges (generally made of coarse materials). These are the result of the deposits in the area of the Timiș and Bega rivers, before their drainage, regularization and damming (concretized altimetrically by modest bumps, which do not exceed anywhere,
16159-526: The temperate ones, of oceanic origin, which bring significant precipitations. Frequently, even in winter, humid air masses arrive from the Atlantic , bringing significant rains and snows, less often cold waves . From September to February there are frequent penetrations of continental polar air masses, coming from the east. In Banat, the influence of cyclones and hot air masses from the Adriatic Sea and
16302-429: The time. The first train arrived on 15 November at 15:00 at the still unfinished railway station. The railway itself was part of a 700 km (430 mi) long railway Vienna - Bratislava - Budapest -Timișoara- Baziaș , a spa town and port on the Danube . Days before the first train arrived, public drummers were announcing the event and huge crowds gathered at the arrival ceremony. But some complained. Farmers whose land
16445-477: The town is 82 m (269 ft). It is located at the intersection of some roads that connect Romania and Serbia, being also a rail and road border point at the frontier between the two countries. Jimbolia's climate is characterized by average temperatures of 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) and average rainfall of 570 mm (22 in) per year. The vegetation consists of steppe meadows largely replaced by agricultural crops. The soils are very fertile and belong to
16588-577: The town is experiencing a cultural revival, benefiting from very active cultural institutions: the House of Culture, six museums, a literary café and a town library. The most prestigious of them is the Romanian-German Cultural Foundation founded by Romanian poet Petre Stoica , with numerous national and international awards. With the main purpose of reconstituting the Romanian and German cultural and spiritual life in Banat,
16731-463: The town, which was officially called Zsombolya from 1899. In 1895 the Jimbolia– Ionel railway was put into use. In 1906, the railway from Jimbolia to Grabaț , Lenauheim and Lovrin was completed, built with the help of workers from Țara Moților , some of whom settled in the south of the town. At the turn of the century, Jimbolia was three-quarters German and one-quarter Hungarian, with only
16874-411: The turn of the 20th century there were many enterprises here: two breweries, an iron foundry, a match factory, a brick factory, a gas factory, a chain factory, a hat factory, a chocolate factory, etc. In this period horse-drawn tram, telephone and street lighting were introduced and roads were paved. In 1892, Emperor Franz Joseph I decided to abolish the fortress status of Timișoara. The demolition of
17017-403: The two world wars was not a one of economic prosperity for the city. In 1921, the population of Kikinda numbered 25,774 people and included 15,000 (58%) Serbs and Croats , 5,500 (21%) Germans ( Banat Swabians ), 4,000 (16%) Hungarians , and 5% Romanians . Between 1918 and 1922, Kikinda was part of Banat county, Between 1922 and 1929 it was part of Belgrade oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 it
17160-631: The uprising turned into a national one, and Kikinda became part of the Serbian Voivodship , a Serb autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. During the war, control over the city changed hands between the Serbian and Hungarian governments at the expense of great conflicts, which resulted in suffering and destruction. It was one of the most difficult and most complex periods in the history of Kikinda. Between 1849 and 1860 Kikinda
17303-483: The urban dimension of Kikinda. In 1971 the city had a population of 37,487. In March 2016, Kikinda was again granted city status. The City of Kikinda comprises the town of Kikinda, nine villages and two hamlets . The nine villages are: The two hamlets are: Note: for settlements with a Hungarian majority, the name is also given in Hungarian. The city belongs to the group of so-called planned organized settlements. Plans of streets and crossroads were completed in
17446-418: The water may be beneficial for the skin and some skin diseases, like the eczema . Until the early 2000s, the lake was arranged with numerous recreational activities and was visited by several thousand people daily. It was busy in the evenings as the lake was place for many concerts and other artistic and entertaining happenings. As the lake is on the lot of "Toza Marković", new owners stopped all that and by 2017
17589-848: Was Viorel Oancea , of the Civic Alliance Party (PAC), which later merged with the National Liberal Party (PNL). He was the first officer who spoke to the crowd of revolutionaries gathered in Opera Square. The 1996 elections were won by Gheorghe Ciuhandu , of the Christian Democrats (PNȚ-CD). He had four terms, also winning elections in 2000, 2004 and 2008. Meanwhile, Ciuhandu took over the Christian Democratic Party and ran for president of Romania in 2004. Nicolae Robu (PNL)
17732-485: Was a local administrative centre in the 17th century, during the Ottoman administration. This settlement was also destroyed at the end of the 17th century. According to some sources, an older settlement named Kekenj (Kekend, Keken) existed at this location. In 1423 it was mentioned as the domain of Hungarian kings, under the name of Kokenyd, and as a property of the Hungarian king Sigismund . In 1558, this settlement
17875-558: Was abolished and most of its territory was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary , although direct Hungarian rule began only following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , after the establishment of the dual monarchy . As part of Austria-Hungary , the city experienced a fast economic and demographic growth. Credit institutions invested large sums in the development of local industry; at
18018-452: Was appropriated by the state for the route of the railway were not satisfied with the compensation they received. Others spread stories that the fumes from the locomotive are toxic, that sparks from the wheels will set grain fields on fire or that the sound of locomotive will scare the cattle. However, the railway brought an economic boom to Kikinda, as in the next five years industry began to develop, including steam mills and brickyards. When at
18161-536: Was born the Futok district (of the "fugitives", from the name given to the Hungarians fleeing from the agricultural estates). In 1861, Emperor Franz Joseph I decreed the renewed validity of the Hungarian state constitution ( Austro-Hungarian Compromise ), whereby the town once again belonged to the Hungarian part of the country, as it had before 1848. Under Hungarian administration, more and more Hungarians moved to
18304-534: Was declared a royal free city . At the end of the 19th century Kikinda was the most densely inhabited place in Torontál County , with 22,000 inhabitants. After the declaration of a free city, period from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the World War I was a peaceful and fruitful one in the history of Kikinda and was marked by a strong economic and urban development of the city. Moreover,
18447-484: Was diverted at a time, partially channeled and conducted underground, so there is no river in Kikinda today. In the city, there is a park called Blandaš, which was declared a natural monument. The tree line along the 2 km (1.2 mi) long Generala Drapšina Sreet is made up of 400 trees, and the street was declared the 22nd most beautiful street in the world by the Architecture and Design magazine. The tree line
18590-713: Was elected mayor in 2012 and again in 2016. In 2020, Dominic Fritz , a native of Germany, was elected mayor on behalf of the USR with support from the FDGR . He won a new mandate in 2024 on behalf of the United Timișoara Alliance ( USR – PMP – FD – UDMR ). The Local Council and the city's mayor are elected every four years by the population. Decisions are discussed and approved by the Local Council ( Romanian : Consiliu Local ) made up of 27 elected councilors. After
18733-567: Was first officially mentioned in 1212 as the Roman castrum Temesiensis or castrum regium Themes . This year is disputed by historians of the opinion that the city's first documentary mention comes from 1266, when heir apparent Stephen V of Hungary donates part of the Tymes fortress, built by his father, Béla IV , to Count Parabuch. The city was destroyed by the Tatars in the 13th century, but
18876-498: Was home to a large Islamic community and produced famous historical figures, such as Osman Ağa of Temeşvar . Except for a period in the late 16th century, the city did not suffer sieges until the end of the 17th century. In 1594, Gregory Palotić, Ban of Lugos and Karánsebes , started an anti-Ottoman uprising in Banat, with its starting point in Nagybecskerek. Following a strong Transylvanian offensive led by György Borbély,
19019-416: Was in official use as the name of the town until the end of 1947. The official coat of arms of the city dates back to the Austrian rule and the 18th century. It is derived from the coat of arms of the District of Velika Kikinda which was issued by Maria Theresa of Austria on 12 November 1774. The Coat of Arms represents a hand holding a sabre on which an Ottoman Turkish head is impaled. It symbolizes
19162-641: Was leased to József Csekonics [ hu ] , then sold to him. Later, the Csekonics family [ hu ] began to colonize the town with Hungarians. After the 1848–1849 revolution , the region became part of the Austrian Crown Land of the Serbian Voivodeship and Temeswarer Banat . Jimbolia began to develop in the second half of the 19th century, with the rise of industrialization that swept all of Banat. In 1857,
19305-562: Was occupied by German troops. The Banat region, which Kikinda belonged to, was made an autonomous region within Serbia and was placed under the control of the region's German minority. The city was liberated on 6 October 1944, and since 1945, it has been part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina within the new Socialist Yugoslavia . During and after the war, the city's economic and political organizational structure significantly changed. In addition, there were major changes in
19448-609: Was part of Danube Banovina . During the Interbellum , numerous public buildings were built. While the Historical Archive and the People's Museum moved into the old district building in 1876, new buildings were constructed for the city administration, other museums, a library, etc. Clergy House was built in 1939. After only twenty years of peace, in 1941 Kikinda entered the stormy period of World War II, during which it
19591-480: Was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat , a separate Austrian crown land. In 1860, this crown land was abolished, and Kikinda was incorporated into Torontal county, in the Kingdom of Hungary after the compromise of 1867 . A railway connecting Szeged , Kikinda and Timișoara was built in 1857 and is the oldest railway on the territory of present-day Serbia and the entire southeast Europe, predating Belgrade by 27 years. Kikinda had 15,000 inhabitants at
19734-531: Was planted after the World War II, even before the war ended in the rest of Europe and Yugoslavia. It is believed that the seedlings were a gift from the U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt , due to his friendship with Mihajlo Pupin . In the vicinity of Kikinda is the Copper Age kurgan of Kinđa , which possibly gave name to the city. The Suvača is a horse-powered dry mill . Kikinda has one of
19877-470: Was populated by Serbs . It was deserted after the Banat Uprising in 1594. The history of modern Kikinda can be traced back for 250 years; by 1751–1752, when the area where the city is presently located began to be repopulated. The Serbs settled in two waves. The first settlers were Serbs who served in border patrols of the Habsburg military. They were tasked with protecting the borders against
20020-525: Was replaced by a civil one. After the conquest of Banat, the imperial authorities in Vienna began an extensive process of colonization , inviting especially German Catholics from Württemberg , Swabia , Nassau , etc. who would become known as Banat Swabians . In Timișoara, the Swabians settled mainly in Fabric, where they strongly developed craftsmanship. The main function of Timișoara during this period
20163-527: Was that of a military fortress. The existing fortifications could not cope with the new military techniques, so the entire fortress was rebuilt in a late, flat and inconsistent adaptation of the Vauban style . It had an area 10 times larger than the medieval Turkish fortress. Between 1728 and 1732, Bega River was regulated, creating a navigable canal. Under the political pressure of the Hungarian Diet ,
20306-746: Was the first Romanian Youth Capital, and in 2023 it held the title of European Capital of Culture , along with the cities of Veszprém in Hungary and Elefsina in Greece . The Hungarian name of the city, Temesvár , was first recorded as Temeswar in 1315. It refers to a castle ( vár ) on the Timiș River ( Temes ). Timiș belongs to the family of hydronyms derived from the Indo-European radical thib "swamp". The Romanian and German oikonyms (Timișoara and Temeschburg, respectively) derived from
20449-486: Was −35.3 °C (−31.5 °F), on 24 January 1963, while the highest temperature was 42 °C (108 °F), recorded in August 2017. The average number of frost days (with minimum temperatures below 0 °C [32 °F]) is 80, and the average number of winter days (with maximum temperatures below 0 °C) is 17. The average number of tropical days (with maximum temperatures above 30 °C [86 °F])
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