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83-440: "THE Morning and Evening Prayer shall be used in the accustomed Place of the Church, Chapel, or Chancel; except it shall be otherwise determined by the Ordinary of the Place. And the Chancels shall remain as they have done in times past. "And here is to be noted, that such Ornaments of the Church, and of the Ministers thereof, at all Times of their Ministration, shall be retained, and be in use, as were in this Church of England, by

166-508: A Bachelor of Arts degree in 1525. Parker was ordained as a deacon on 20 April 1527 and a priest two months later, on 15 June. In September he was elected a fellow of Corpus Christi. There is no evidence that he was ever involved in a public dispute at Cambridge, unlike his contemporaries. Bilney was accused of heresy in 1527 and then recanted , but was imprisoned for two years. He returned to Cambridge, regretting his recantation, and began to preach throughout Norfolk. In August 1531 he

249-446: A hierarch (from Greek ἱεράρχης hierarkhēs "president of sacred rites, high-priest" which comes in turn from τὰ ἱερά ta hiera , "the sacred rites" and ἄρχω arkhō , "I rule"). In canon law , the power to govern the church is divided into the power to make laws (legislative), enforce the laws (executive), and to judge based on the law (judicial). An official exercises power to govern either because he holds an office to which

332-565: A Patriarch) and his synod. Matthew Parker Matthew Parker (6 August 1504 – 17 May 1575) was an English bishop . He was the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England from 1559 to his death. He was also an influential theologian and arguably the co-founder (with a previous Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer and the theologian Richard Hooker ) of a distinctive tradition of Anglican theological thought. Parker

415-493: A Priest, and Manthorp, Clerk of St. Stephen were his masters: of both whose harshness he felt so much, that he could never forget it. But he had amends in W. Neve, his schoolmaster for grammar learning, a man of a more gentle and mild disposition; who was provided to teach him at home. In 1520, the 16-year-old Parker went up to Cambridge University , where he studied at Bene't College, now known as Corpus Christi College under Richard Cowper. On March 20, 1520, after six months at

498-427: A free grammar school for local boys was built within the precincts. His successful revitalisation of the college caused its reputation to spread, and he was able to protect it from being dissolved by citing the good work being done there; it retained its status until after Henry's death in 1547. Shortly before Anne Boleyn's arrest in 1536, she charged her daughter Elizabeth to Parker's care, something he honoured for

581-421: A happy and quiet place of retirement in the country to which he became devoted"; and allowed him to pursue his enthusiasm for education and the sponsorship of new buildings. At Stoke he transformed the college by introducing new statutes to ensure regular preaching occurred. Under Parker's deanship, scholars came from Cambridge to deliver lectures, greater care was taken over the education of the boy choristers, and

664-496: A particular church or equivalent community are: Major superiors of religious institutes (including abbots ) and of societies of apostolic life are ordinaries of their respective memberships, but not local ordinaries. In the Eastern Orthodox Church , a hierarch (ruling bishop) holds uncontested authority within the boundaries of his own diocese; no other bishop may perform any sacerdotal functions without

747-459: A play, Pammachius , performed by the students and censored by the college, which derided the old ecclesiastical system. Parker was obliged to make enquiries into the nature of the play, but then allowed to settle the matter himself on behalf of the university authorities. On the passing of the Act of Parliament in 1545 enabling the king to dissolve chantries and colleges, Parker was appointed one of

830-550: A priest in a higher degree, and the absence of a certain "matter" such as the handing of a chalice and paten to symbolise the power to offer sacrifice. The Church of England archbishops of Canterbury and York rejected the pontiff's arguments in Saepius Officio in 1897. This rebuttal was written to demonstrate the sufficiency of the form and intention used in the Anglican Ordinal: the archbishops wrote that in

913-574: A vestment or Cope. And where there be many Priests or Decons"..."shall have upon theim likewise"..."Albes, with tunicles." The wording in the 1559 Prayer Book Preface to Morning Prayer, reads"...the minister at the time of the Communion, and at all other times in his ministration shall use such ornaments as were in use by authority of Parliament in the second year of the Reign of Edward the Sixth according to

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996-467: Is an officer of a church or civic authority who by reason of office has ordinary power to execute laws. Such officers are found in hierarchically organised churches of Western Christianity which have an ecclesiastical legal system . For example, diocesan bishops are ordinaries in the Catholic Church and the Church of England . In Eastern Christianity , a corresponding officer is called

1079-605: Is the church in its fullness." An Eastern Orthodox bishop's authority comes from his election and consecration . He is, however, subject to the Sacred Canons of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and answers to the Synod of Bishops to which he belongs. In case an Orthodox bishop is overruled by his local synod, he retains the right of appeal ( Greek : Ἔκκλητον, Ékklēton ) to his ecclesiastical superior (e.g.

1162-568: The Eucharist , "the medicine of immortality." Saint Cyprian of Carthage (258 AD) wrote: The episcopate is a single whole, in which each bishop enjoys full possession. So is the Church a single whole, though it spreads far and wide into a multitude of churches and its fertility increases. Bishop Kallistos (Ware) wrote: There are many churches, but only One Church; many episcopi but only one episcopate." In Eastern Orthodox Christianity ,

1245-595: The Parker Society include only one by its eponymous hero, and that is a volume of correspondence. He was a disciplinarian, a scholar, a modest and moderate man of genuine piety and irreproachable morals. Probably his most famous saying, prompted by the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England, was "I fear our good Queen has the wolf by the ears." Parker's consecration gave rise to a dispute, which continues to this day, in regard to its sacramental validity from

1328-695: The Roman Rite ) was celebrated in Latin, with certain insertions in English. The ornaments of the ministers would have been the traditional Eucharistic vestments used in that Rite: albs, tunicles, dalmatics, copes, chasubles, maniples, mitres et cetera. The text of the 1549 Rite is quite explicit and reads for the ministration of the Holy Communion "the Priest shall put upon him...a white Albe plain, with

1411-701: The psalter . It was under his presidency that the Thirty-nine Articles were finally reviewed and subscribed by the clergy (1562). Parker published in 1567 an old Saxon Homily on the Sacrament , by Ælfric of Eynsham. He published A Testimonie of Antiquitie Showing the Ancient Fayth in the Church of England Touching the Sacrament of the Body and Bloude of the Lord to prove that transubstantiation

1494-587: The 1559 Prayer Book seems to refer to the allowance as set forth in the 1549 BCP). The government recruited four bishops who had been retired by Queen Mary or gone into exile. Two of the four, William Barlow and John Hodgkins had in Rome's view valid orders, since, having been made bishops in 1536 and 1537 with the Roman Pontifical in the Latin Rite, their consecrations met the criteria according to

1577-549: The 9th century nor in certain current Eastern-rite ordination liturgies that the Roman Catholic Church considers valid nor in Orthodoxy. Also, the archbishops argued that a particular formula in this respect as a sine qua non made no difference to the substance or validity of the act since the only two components that all ordination rites had in common were prayer and the laying on of hands and, in this regard,

1660-595: The Act of Parliament set forth in the beginning of thys book." The wording of the Rubric is an order, not an option. The "second year" referred to in the Act of 1559 began on 28 January 1548, and the Act approving the introduction of the first Book of Common Prayer was approved by Parliament on 21 January 1549. While it has been argued that the Act legalizes the Roman Catholic vestments which were actually in use in

1743-590: The Authority of Parliament, in the Second Year of the Reign of King Edward the Sixth ." The interpretation of the second paragraph was debated when it first appeared and became a major issue towards the end of the 19th century during the conflicts over what vestments and ceremonies were legal in the Church of England. The rubric first appears in the Elizabethan Book of Common Prayer in 1559 and

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1826-537: The Crown. The bishops' Interpretations and Further Considerations , issued in 1560, tolerated a lower vestments standard than was prescribed by the rubric of 1559, but it fell short of the desires of the anti-vestment clergy such as Coverdale (one of the bishops who had consecrated Parker) who made a public display of their nonconformity in London. The Book of Advertisements , which Parker published in 1566 to check

1909-519: The English church’s Catholic heritage by emphasising the role of the sacraments, especially the Eucharist, and re-examining the early Church Fathers instead of Reformers. The result of which was to strengthen their resolve not to give into Puritan demands. The strong Catholic substrate in the Prayer Book was intact, but not the ornaments associated with it. The issue about these would re-surface in

1992-516: The English people the Bishops' Bible , which was undertaken at his request, prepared under his supervision, and published at his expense in 1572. Much of his time and labour from 1563 to 1568 was given to this work. He had also the principal share in drawing up the Book of Common Prayer , for which his skill in ancient liturgies peculiarly fitted him. His liturgical skill was also shown in his version of

2075-669: The Injunctions of 1559, the "Advertisements" of 1566, and the Canons of 1604 and therefore the only legal vestments were choir habit together with the cope in Cathedrals and collegiate churches. The use of the disputed vestments became undoubtedly legal in the Church of England with the passing of the 1969 Canons, but these stated that no particular doctrinal significance was attached to them. Notes References Ordinary (officer) An ordinary (from Latin ordinarius )

2158-902: The Ornament Rubric, the addition of the Words of Administration at time of Communion (stating a belief in the Real Presence with a particular definition) from the First to the Second Prayer and the Adoption of the Prayer Book of 1552 suggests that the Queen, a moderate non-ideological Protestant, wanted the celebration of the Holy Communion to look like a Mass. Also, if she had had her way the clergy would have been celibate since she detested married clergy. On 30 April 1559, it

2241-466: The Pope asserted in the condemnation that the "defect of form and intent" rendered the rite insufficient to make a bishop in the apostolic succession (according to the Roman Catholic understanding of the minima for validity). Specifically the English rite was considered to be defective in "form", i.e. in the words of the rite which did not mention the "intention" to create a sacrificing bishop considered to be

2324-411: The Queen and all others that depended upon her". By his personal conduct, he had set an ideal example for Anglican priests. He is buried in the chapel of Lambeth Palace. Matthew Parker Street, near Westminster Abbey , is named after him. The Archbishop of Canterbury's official residence in London is Lambeth Palace . He also has a residence, named The Old Palace , next to Canterbury Cathedral on

2407-526: The Roman Pontifical in the Church of England which at the time was in schism from Rome. Even though two of the consecrators had orders recognised as validity by Rome the consecration was considered to be "null and void" by Rome because the ordinal used was judged to be defective in matter, form and intention. In the first year of his archiepiscopate, Parker participated in the consecration of 11 new bishops and confirmed two who had been ordained in previous reigns. Parker avoided involvement in secular politics and

2490-561: The Royal Supremacy. The Commons approved the changes and the Lords 21-18 approved after pressure was brought to bear on them; concessions were made in a more Catholic tone in eucharistic doctrine, and allowance made for the use of Mass vestments and other traditional clerical dress in use in the second year of the reign of Edward VI, i.e. January 1548 to 49, when the Latin Rite was still the legal form of worship (the 'Ornaments Rubric' in

2573-479: The anti-vestments faction, had to appear without specific royal sanction; and the Reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum , which John Foxe published with Parker's approval, received neither royal, parliamentary or synodical authorisation. Parliament even contested the claim of the bishops to determine matters of faith. "Surely", said Parker to Peter Wentworth , "you will refer yourselves wholly to us therein." "No, by

Ornaments Rubric - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-463: The authority of Parliament in the Second Year of the Reign of King Edward the Sixth shall be retained and be in use, until other order shall be therein taken by the Queen's Majesty with the advice of her commissioners appointed and authorized under the great Seal of England for ecclesiastical causes, or of the metropolitan of this realm; ..." Until June 1549 the Sarum Rite Mass (a version of

2739-402: The church is not seen as a monolithic, centralized institution, but rather as existing in its fullness in each local body. The church is defined Eucharistically: in each particular community gathered around its bishop; and at every local celebration of the Eucharist it is the whole Christ who is present, not just a part of Him. Therefore, each local community, as it celebrates the Eucharist ...

2822-660: The college, he obtained a scholarship and became the Bible clerk at Bene't College, and so was able to move from St Mary's Hostel to rooms in the college. At Cambridge he was able to read the works of Martin Luther , and had access to books by married theologians from the Continent — he first commended clerical marriage when he was a student there. He was associated with the circle of Thomas Bilney , remaining loyal to him throughout their university days together. He graduated with

2905-508: The commissioners for Cambridge, and their report may have saved its colleges from destruction. Stoke, however, was dissolved in the following reign, and Parker received a generous pension. He took advantage of the new reign to marry in June 1547, before clerical marriages were legalised by Parliament and Convocation, Margaret, daughter of Robert Harlestone, a Norfolk squire. They had initially planned to marry since about 1540 but had waited until it

2988-608: The country – a fact that would not have endeared him to the more ardent Protestants who went into exile and idealised those who were martyred by Mary. The historian James D. Wenn has suggested that Parker may have enjoyed the protection of Sir Rowland Hill of Soulton , Shropshire, during this time. Hill is associated with the publication of the Geneva Bible and joined Parker as a Commissioner for Ecclesiastical Cases in 1559. Parker respected authority, and when his time came he could consistently impose authority on others. He

3071-455: The court of Anne Boleyn he became her chaplain . Through her influence he was appointed dean of the college of secular canons at Stoke-by-Clare in Suffolk in 1535, a post he held until 1547. The college had been secularised in 1514. The duties of the residents involved the regular performance of the offices of the church and prayers for the founder's family, but little direction

3154-585: The definition stated in Apostolicae Curae . John Scory and Miles Coverdale, the other two consecrators, were consecrated with the English Ordinal of 1550 on the same day in 1551 by Cranmer, Hodgkins and Ridley who were consecrated with the Latin Rite in 1532, 1537 and 1547 respectively. This ordinal was considered defective in form and intention. All four of Parker's consecrators were consecrated by bishops who themselves had been consecrated with

3237-558: The diocesan bishop's power to judge cases. Though the vicar has vicarious ordinary judicial power, he is not an ordinary because he lacks ordinary executive power. A vicar general , however, has authority through his office to exercise the diocesan bishop's executive power. He is therefore an ordinary because of this vicarious ordinary executive power. Local ordinaries exercise ordinary power and are ordinaries in particular churches . The following clerics are local ordinaries: Also classified as local ordinaries, although they do not head

3320-446: The earliest centuries of Christianity, as witnessed by the writings of Ignatius of Antioch ( c.  100 AD ): The bishop in each Church presides in the place of God.... Let no one do any of the things which concern the Church without the bishop.... Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be, just as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church . And it is the bishop's primary and distinctive task to celebrate

3403-405: The faith I bear to God", retorted Wentworth, "we will pass nothing before we understand what it is; for that were but to make you popes. Make you popes who list, for we will make you none." Disputes about vestments had expanded into a controversy over the whole field of church government and authority. Parker died on 17 May 1575, lamenting that Puritan ideas of "governance" would "in conclusion undo

Ornaments Rubric - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-415: The grounds that that Ashton not being available would damage the progress of the school's foundation, potential significance attaches to this because of the innovative approaches to teaching and drama that institution went on to exhibit. Parker mistrusted popular enthusiasm, and he wrote in horror of the idea that "the people" should be the reformers of the church. He was convinced that if ever Protestantism

3569-471: The law grants governing power or because someone with governing power has delegated it to him. Ordinary power is the former, while the latter is delegated power. The office with ordinary power could possess the governing power itself (proper ordinary power) or instead it could have the ordinary power of agency, the inherent power to exercise someone else's power ( vicarious ordinary power). The law vesting ordinary power could either be ecclesiastical law, i.e.

3652-477: The master's Lodgings, the college halls and many of the students' rooms were improved. He worked hard to make Corpus Christi a centre of learning, founding new scholarships. In January 1545, after two months in the post of master of Corpus, he was elected vice-chancellor of the university. During his year in office he got into some trouble with the Chancellor of Cambridge University, Stephen Gardiner , over

3735-540: The mid-19th century in the Ritualist Movement. For about one hundred years, starting in the middle of the 19th century, the legal interpretation of the rubric was disputed. Anglo-Catholics pointed to it to justify their restoration of the traditional Eucharistic vestments of western Christianity in the Anglican Communion , whereas Evangelicals insisted that further order was taken in

3818-399: The office of diocesan bishop possess their ordinary power even in the absence of positive enactments from the Church. Many officers possess ordinary power but, due to their lack of ordinary executive power, are not called ordinaries. The best example of this phenomenon is the office of judicial vicar , a.k.a. officialis . The judicial vicar only has authority through his office to exercise

3901-419: The opinions, however erroneous or correct, or inner states of mind or moral condition of the actors who carry them out, are the sole determinants. This view is also held by the Roman Catholic Church (and others) with few exceptions since the 3rd century. Likewise, according to the archbishops, the required references to the sacrificial priesthood never existed in any ancient Catholic ordination liturgies prior to

3984-410: The ornaments of the churches and ministers as in use in 1548 or more specifically and restrictively ordered in 1549 (as some have argued)! If this was not the intent in 1559, the language should have been changed to explicate what vestments and ornaments were permissible, if not albs, tunicles, dalmatics, copes, chasubles, maniples, miters, et cetera which ones – gown and surplice only? The insertion of

4067-399: The person was made priest and bishop at once, a practice discontinued and forbidden. They also pointed out that none of the priests ordained with the English Ordinal were re-ordained as a requirement by Queen Mary - some did so voluntarily and some were re-anointed, a practice common at the time. On the contrary, the Queen, unhappy about married clergy, ordered all of them, estimated at 15% of

4150-420: The perspective of the Roman Catholic Church. This eventually led to the condemnation of Anglican orders as "absolutely null and utterly void" by a papal commission in 1896. The commission could not dispute that a consecration had taken place which met all the legal and liturgical requirement or deny that a "manual" succession, that is, the consecration by the laying on of hands and prayer had taken place. Rather

4233-631: The pioneering scholar Lawrence Nowell , Parker's work concerning Old English literature laid the foundation for Anglo-Saxon studies. Matthew Parker, the eldest son of William and Alice Parker, was born in Norwich in St Saviour's parish on 6 August 1504; he was one of six children, and the third son and eldest surviving child. His father was a wealthy worsted weaver and the grandson of Nicholas Parker, registrar to successive archbishops of Canterbury between 1450 and 1483. His mother Alice Monins

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4316-603: The plenitude of the Royal Supremacy approved by the House of Commons and reluctantly by a vote of the House of Lords 21–18; the Edwardine Ordinal , which was used, had been repealed by Mary Tudor and not re-enacted by the parliament of 1559. In 1562 Parker granted a special licence to Thomas Ashton to become the founding headmaster of Shrewsbury School , which his associate Sir Rowland Hill had helped to on

4399-480: The positive enactments that the church has established for itself, or divine law, i.e. the laws which were given to the Church by God. As an example of divinely instituted ordinaries, when Jesus established the Church, he also established the episcopate and the primacy of Peter , endowing the offices with power to govern the Church. Thus, in the Catholic Church, the office of successor of Simon Peter and

4482-503: The practices of the Henrician church. The Queen herself begrudged episcopal privilege until she eventually recognised it as one of the chief bulwarks of royal supremacy. To Parker's consternation, the queen refused to add her imprimatur to his attempts to secure conformity, though she insisted that he achieve this goal. Thus Parker was left to stem the rising tide of Puritan feeling with little support from Parliament, convocation or

4565-456: The preface to the Ordinal the intention clearly is stated to continue the existing holy orders as received. They stated that even if Parker's consecrators had private doubts or lacked intention to do what the rites of ordination clearly stated, it counted for nought, since the words and actions of a rite (the formularies) performed on behalf of the church by the ministers of the sacrament, and not

4648-494: The queen Anne Boleyn . Before Anne was arrested in 1536 she had entrusted Elizabeth's spiritual well-being to Parker. A few days afterwards Anne was executed following charges of adultery , incest and treason . Parker also possessed all the qualifications Elizabeth expected from an archbishop, except celibacy . Elizabeth had a strong prejudice against married clergy, and in addition, she seems to have disliked Margaret Parker personally, often treating her so rudely that her husband

4731-583: The rest of his life. He obtained his Bachelor of Divinity in July 1535, and in 1537 was appointed chaplain to Henry; he graduated Doctor of Divinity in July 1538. In 1539 he was denounced to the Lord Chancellor , Thomas Audley , by his opponents at Stoke-by-Clare, who accused him of heresy and using "disloyal language against Easter, relics and other details". Audley dismissed the charges and urged Parker to "go on and fear no such enemies". In 1541

4814-403: The rich deanery of Lincoln . In July 1553 he supped with Northumberland at Cambridge, when the duke marched north on his hopeless campaign against the accession of Mary Tudor . As a supporter of Northumberland and a married man, under the new regime, Parker was deprived of his deanery, his mastership of Corpus Christi and his other preferments. However, he survived Mary's reign without leaving

4897-531: The rising. Parker's association with Protestantism advanced with the times, and he received higher promotion under John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland , than under the moderate Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset . At Cambridge, he was a friend of the German Protestant reformer Martin Bucer after he was exiled to England, and preached Bucer's funeral sermon in 1551. In 1552 he was promoted to

4980-504: The ruling bishop's express invitation. The violation of this rule is called eispēdēsis ( Greek : εἰσπήδησις, "trespassing", literally "jumping in"), and is uncanonical. Ultimately, all bishops in the Church are equal, regardless of any title they may enjoy ( Patriarch , Metropolitan , Archbishop , etc.). The role of the bishop in the Orthodox Church is both hierarchical and sacramental. This pattern of governance dates back to

5063-533: The second year, most authorities accept that the Act refers to the vestments ordered in the first Edwardine Prayer Book of 1549 even though they were only required as from June 1549. However, such an argument ignores the fact that the Ornaments Rubric was inserted in the Prayer Book of 1559 (as once of the concessions to Catholic feelings in order to get the Act of Uniformity passed by the Lords) and refers to

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5146-478: The site of St Frideswide's Priory, and was still being built when Wolsey fell from power in 1529. Parker began his Master of Arts degree in 1528. He was licensed to preach by Cranmer in 1533, and quickly became a popular preacher in and around Cambridge; none of his sermons have survived. He would have had to adhere to the Ten Articles enforced on the clergy during that period. After being summoned to

5229-464: The site of the medieval Archbishop's Palace. Parker's historical research was exemplified in his De antiquitate Britannicæ ecclesiae , and his editions of Asser , Matthew Paris (1571), Thomas Walsingham , and the compiler known as Matthew of Westminster (1571). De antiquitate Britannicæ ecclesiæ was probably printed at Lambeth in 1572, where the archbishop is said to have had an establishment of printers, engravers, and illuminators. Parker gave

5312-548: The time did not object to the Edwardine Ordinal but regarded those done from 1534 to 1553 as valid but illicit since they had not given permission for them. In regard to the legal and canonical requirements, the government was at pains to see all were met for the consecration. None of the 18 Marian bishops would agree to consecrate Parker. Not only were they opposed to the changes the bishops had been excluded from decision-making regarding changes in liturgy, doctrine and

5395-409: The total at the beginning of her reign in 1553, to put their wives away. Parker was ordained in 1527 in the Latin Rite and before the break with Rome. As such according to this rite he was a "sacrificing priest" to which nothing more could be added by being consecrated a bishop. The orders of the Church of Ireland were also condemned as part of the wider denunciation of Anglican orders. The Popes at

5478-427: The use of the surplice and in cathedrals and collegiate churches the cope. The Canons of 1604 , passed with strict conformity to legal procedures and legally binding with minor modifications till well into the 20th century, enforced this same line. It wasn't until the end of the century that the last of the ornaments had disappeared from churches. However, by this time a large section of the new clergy had re-discovered

5561-512: The words in the Anglican rite itself gave sufficient evidence as to the intent of the participants as stated in the preface, words and action of the rite. They pointed out that the only fixed and sure sacramental formulary is the baptismal rite. They argued that it was not necessary to consecrate a bishop as a "sacrificing priest" since he already was one by virtue of being a priest, except in ordinations per saltim , i.e. from deacon to bishop when

5644-596: Was "glossed" (interpreted) by Dr Sandys , successively bishop of Worcester (1559), London (1570) and York (1575), to mean that "we shall not be forced to use them, but that others in the mean time shall not convey them away, but that they may remain for the Queen." Later in 1559, the Queen issued her Injunctions, one of which required the churchwardens to deliver to "our visitors" an inventory of "vestments, copes or other ornaments, plate, books and especially of grails, couchers, legends, processions, hymnals, manuals, portuals and such like, appertaining to their church." The policy

5727-464: Was "in horror to hear it". After a visit to Lambeth Palace , the Queen duly thanked her hostess but maliciously asked how she should address her, "For Madam I may not call you, mistress I should be ashamed to call you." Parker was elected on 1 August 1559 but, given the turbulence and executions that had preceded Elizabeth's accession, it was difficult to find the requisite four bishops willing and qualified to consecrate him, and not until 19 December

5810-420: Was appointed to the second prebend at Ely , a sign of royal approval. On 4 December 1544, on Henry's recommendation, he was elected master of Corpus Christi College. Such was his devotion towards the care of the college, he is now regarded as its second founder. Upon his election he began the process of putting organising its finances properly, which enabled him to repair the buildings and construct new ones'

5893-471: Was brought up in Norwich on Fye Bridge Street, now called Magdalen Street. He was possibly educated at home, and recalled later in life being taught by six men, mostly clerics. According to his biographer John Strype , His first masters for reading were one Benis, Rector of St. Clements in Norwich, and one Pope, a Priest. For writing he was instructed by one Prior, Clerk of St. Benedicts. For singing Love,

5976-504: Was condemned to be burnt at the stake as a relapsed heretic; Parker was present at his execution in Norwich on 19 August, and afterwards defended Bilney after accusations were made that he had recanted at the stake. In around 1527, Parker was one of the Cambridge scholars whom Cardinal Thomas Wolsey invited to Cardinal College at Oxford . Parker, like Cranmer, declined Wolsey's invitation. The college had been founded in 1525 on

6059-418: Was never admitted to Elizabeth's Privy Council . Ecclesiastical politics gave him considerable trouble. Some of the evangelical reformers wanted liturgical changes and at least the option not to wear certain clerical vestments , if not their complete prohibition. Early presbyterians wanted no bishops, and the conservatives opposed all these changes, often preferring to move in the opposite direction toward

6142-420: Was not a felony for priests to marry. The marriage was a happy one, although Queen Elizabeth's dislike of Margaret was later to cause Parker much distress. They had five children, of whom John and Matthew reached adulthood. During Kett's Rebellion , he preached at the rebels' camp on Mousehold Hill near Norwich, without much effect, and later encouraged his secretary, Alexander Neville , to write his history of

6225-421: Was not eager to assume this task, and made great efforts to avoid promotion to Archbishop of Canterbury, which Elizabeth designed for him as soon as she had succeeded to the throne. Elizabeth wanted a moderate man, so she chose Parker on the recommendations of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley , her chief adviser. There was also an emotional attachment. Parker had been the favourite chaplain of Elizabeth's mother,

6308-459: Was not the doctrine of the ancient English Church. Parker collaborated with his secretary John Joscelyn in his manuscript studies. Parker left a priceless collection of manuscripts , largely collected from former monastic libraries, to his college at Cambridge. Bevill has documented the manuscript transcriptions conducted under Parker. The Parker Library at Corpus Christi bears his name and houses most of his collection, with some volumes in

6391-596: Was one of the primary architects of the Thirty-nine Articles , the defining statements of Anglican doctrine. The Parker collection of early English manuscripts , including the book of St Augustine Gospels and "Version A" of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , was created as part of his efforts to demonstrate that the English Church was historically independent of Rome and was one of the world's most important collections of ancient manuscripts. Along with

6474-510: Was originally from Kent ; she may have been related by marriage to Thomas Cranmer , Archbishop of Canterbury from 1533 to 1555. William Parker died in about 1516, and within three or four years following his death, Alice Parker married John Baker. Their son, also called John, was later nominated as one of Parker's executors. Matthew Parker's surviving siblings were Botolph (who became a priest), Thomas (who during his life became Mayor of Norwich) and Margaret. Their mother died in 1553. Parker

6557-559: Was provided in the statutes for other times during the day, and there was little to do for the residents beyond their daily tasks and the education of the choirboys . It had come close to be acquired by Wolsey, but this had been prevented by the intervention of the Bishop of Norwich and Henry VIII's first wife, Catherine . He retained his fellowship at Cambridge University whilst he was dean at Stoke-by-Clare. His biographer V.J.K. Brook commented that for Parker "his new post provided him with

6640-474: Was retained in the later 1604 revision under James I . The second paragraph is essentially an extract from the penultimate section of the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity 1558 ( 1 Eliz. 1 . c. 2) and breaks off in the middle of a sentence. The act itself provided that: "... such ornaments of the Church and of the ministers thereof shall be retained and be in use as were in this Church of England by

6723-523: Was the ceremony performed at Lambeth by William Barlow , formerly Bishop of Bath and Wells , John Scory , formerly Bishop of Chichester , Miles Coverdale , formerly Bishop of Exeter , and John Hodgkins , Bishop of Bedford . The allegation of an indecent consecration at the Nag's Head public house seems first to have been made by a Jesuit, Christopher Holywood , in 1604, and has since been discredited. Parker's consecration was, however, legally valid only by

6806-528: Was to be firmly established in England at all, some definite ecclesiastical forms and methods must be sanctioned to secure the triumph of order over anarchy, and he vigorously set about the repression of what he thought a mutinous individualism incompatible with a catholic spirit. He was not an inspiring leader and no dogma or prayer book is associated with his name. However, the English composer Thomas Tallis contributed Nine Tunes for Archbishop Parker's Psalter which bears his name. The 55 volumes published by

6889-494: Was to wean the Church from the outward trappings of the Catholic past by permission to use them until such time that the clergy, almost 100% Catholic, could be replaced by new men over time. Some parishes complied, others did not. Next year after learning many of the parishes were vandalizing their ornaments, she tried to reverse her policy somewhat. In 1566, the metropolitan ( Archbishop Parker ) issued his "advertisements" ordering

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