174-589: The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway is an eight block-long, mostly four-lane, north–south divided highway between the portals of the Lincoln Tunnel and West 31st Street in Midtown Manhattan in New York City . Dyer Avenue is an at-grade roadway paralleling part of the mostly depressed roadway and serves traffic entering and leaving the highway and the tubes of the tunnel. Like the tunnel,
348-522: A "Who's Who" in American industry established a presence, including Colgate , Dixon Ticonderoga , Maxwell House , Standard Oil , and Bethlehem Steel . North Hudson , particularly Union City became the schiffli "embroidery capital of America". The industry included businesses that provided embroidery machines and parts, fabrics, thread, embroidery designs, dying, chemical lace etching, and bleaching. There were hundreds of small shops, each with one or
522-600: A "mixing plaza", where traffic to and from the Midtown Hudson and Queens-Midtown Tunnels would either enter the tunnels, exit into local traffic, or continue through the other tunnel. The start of construction was delayed due to the onset of the Great Depression , a result of the 1929 stock market crash. The Port Authority could not market enough of its bonds at the 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 % interest rate that it had decided on. The Port Authority applied to
696-571: A 3.3 acres (1.3 ha) exclave of New York. Shooters Island , in the Kill van Kull , is also shared with New York. Robbins Reef Light sits atop a reef which runs parallel the Bayonne and Jersey City waterfront. Much of the county lies between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers on a geographically long narrow peninsula, (sometimes called Bergen Neck ), which is a contiguous urban area where it
870-461: A U.S. military base and remained in operation until 1999. After the war maritime and manufacturing industries still dominated the local economy, and union membership provided guarantees of good pay packages. Though some returning servicemen took advantage of GI housing bills and moved to close-by suburbs, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson made his minor league debut at Roosevelt Stadium and "broke"
1044-402: A bus garage with a residential tower above it. The parcel is not large enough to accommodate bus ramps and would require the use of elevators, a new type of application for bus storage. In September 2014, Extell Development Company purchased air rights for $ 30 million for a parcel between 36-37th streets. A platform or a cantilever structure over the highway could be built. While approved by
1218-534: A bus lane during the weekday morning peak period. The XBL was approved on a trial basis in September 1970, since buses from New Jersey would be stuck in the heavy congestion within the tunnel approaches. This bus lane was implemented in December of the same year, exclusively carrying buses during morning rush hours. Due to the success of the bus lane, it was made permanent after the year-long trial ended. The XBL
1392-614: A business, shopping, and entertainment mecca, home to The Jersey Journal , after which it is named, and movie palaces such as Loew's Jersey Theater and The Stanley . Upon entry into World War I , the U.S. government took over control of the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain , and Hudson became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ". In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook
1566-570: A claim for the area in 1609 when anchoring his ship the Halve Maen ( Half Moon ) at Harsimus Cove and Weehawken Cove . The west bank of the North River (as it was called) and the cliffs, hills, and marshlands abutting and beyond it, were settled by Europeans (Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot) from the Lowlands around the same time as New Amsterdam . In 1630, Michiel Pauw received
1740-672: A combined 250 buses per day through the tunnel. Previously, buses from Weehawken had to drive onto ferries to access Manhattan, but in July 1938, the Interstate Commerce Commission granted the bus companies permission to use the tunnel. Buses paid a toll of $ 1 per direction. By March 1939, there were 600 buses per day using Lincoln Tunnel, running on twelve routes operated by five companies. That month, three more bus companies were given permission to operate an additional combined total of 600 buses. After this permission
1914-524: A combined 6.3 million hours, and that workers across 40 states had worked for a combined 15 million hours to produce materials for the construction effort. The first tube was formally dedicated on December 21, 1937. The opening ceremony was accompanied by a military parade on the New Jersey side, as well as the detonation of a series of aerial bombs launched from military ships. It was also marked by separate speeches from New York City Mayor La Guardia and
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#17327659967422088-507: A contract for the "helix" ramp to the express highway was awarded in April of that year. Boring work on the tube itself proceeded quickly, and in May 1938, the two segments of the second tube were holed-through. This was significant because the second tube was only 75 feet (23 m) away from the first tube, and for the past five months, boring operations had proceeded while traffic was running in
2262-603: A cost of between $ 9 million and $ 12 million. The Manhattan portal of the new tube was to be located one block west of the original tube's portal, and in August 1941, the Port Authority awarded a contract to build a roadway connecting from the original tube's plaza to the new tube's portal. A new street, Galvin Avenue, was created from 42nd to 40th Streets, running between 10th and 11th Avenues and carrying southbound traffic to
2436-604: A crosstown route leading to the Queens-Midtown Tunnel , now part of Interstate 495 , and be designated I-495. The I-495 designation was assigned to the New Jersey approach to the tunnel in 1958 in anticipation of the Mid-Manhattan Expressway being completed. That crosstown project was later canceled and was officially removed from I-495 on January 1, 1970. The New Jersey stretch of I-495 became New Jersey Route 495 in 1979. The I-495 designation
2610-464: A deal with the Lenape to re-purchase the area named Bergen , "by the great rock above Wiehacken," including the whole peninsula from Sikakes south to Bergen Point / Constable Hook . In 1661, a charter was granted the new village/garrison at the site of present-day Bergen Square , establishing what is considered to be the oldest self-governing municipality in New Jersey. The British gained control of
2784-496: A few machines, producing a wide array of products. Finished embroidery supplied the garment and home goods industries. Secaucus boasted numerous pig farms and rendering plants. It was during this period that much of the housing stock, namely one and two family homes and low-rise apartment buildings, was built; municipal boundaries finalized, neighborhoods established. Commercial corridors such as Bergenline , Central, Newark and Ocean Avenues came into prominence. Journal Square became
2958-536: A future "express highway" to the tunnel (now New Jersey Route 495 ), was awarded in July 1937. By October of the same year, the Lincoln Tunnel's first tube was very close to completion, and an inspection ceremony was held for New York and New Jersey politicians. The tube's opening was pushed forward several weeks from spring 1938 to late 1937. It was estimated that the construction of the Lincoln Tunnel had directly employed 2,800 workers at its peak, working
3132-470: A grade-separated highway. The highway passes under 33rd Street, where an entrance and exit ramp to and from the Lincoln Tunnel descends from 33rd Street to the median of the below-grade highway, merging with the respective directions of traffic. The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway passes under local streets for three more blocks. At 36th Streets ramps lead to and from the southbound highway, while a ramp from northbound Dyer Avenue and southbound Ninth Avenue merges into
3306-643: A land patent, or patroonship and purchased the land between the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers, giving it the Latinized form of his name, Pavonia . He failed to settle the area and was forced to return his holdings to the Dutch West India Company . Homesteads were established at Communipaw (1633), Harsimus (1634), Paulus Hook (1638), and Hoebuck (1643). Relations were tenuous with the Lenape, and eventually led to Kieft's War , which began as
3480-473: A massive complex built in the Art Deco Style. During this era, the "Hudson County Democratic Machine", known for its cronyism and corruption, with Jersey City mayor Frank Hague at its head was at its most powerful. Industries in Hudson were crucial to the war effort during WWII, including the manufacture PT boats by Elco in Bayonne. Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY) was opened in 1942 as
3654-464: A number of buildings in the neighborhood were demolished to construct the 75-foot-wide (23 m) right-of-way of Dyer Avenue, an arterial street providing access to the then-under-construction Lincoln Tunnel. Dyer Avenue was named after General George Rathborne Dyer, who was the chairman of the board of the Port Authority and died while the tunnel was under construction. The tunnel's first (now center) tube opened in December 1937. A second tube opened to
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#17327659967423828-579: A park system from West 39th Street to West 34th Street. As of 2014, the PANYNJ owned about 19 acres (7.7 ha) of property in Midtown West, mostly between 31st and 41st streets and 9th and 10th avenues, much it dedicated to transportation. In addition to owning the roadways the PANYNJ also owns adjacent parcels along the right-of-way and is actively attempting to divest itself of the property acquired during original construction or for development of
4002-693: A place to evacuate to, many residents who worked there lost their jobs (or their lives), and many companies sought office space across the river. Re-zoning, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, and New Jersey State land-use policy of transit villages have further spurred construction. Though very urban and with some of the highest residential densities in the United States, the Hudson communities have remained fragmented, due in part to New Jersey's long history of home rule in local government; geographical factors such as Hudson River inlets/canals,
4176-481: A population increase, as many new residents purchase existing housing stock as well as condominiums in high- and mid-rise developments, many along the waterfront. What had started as a gentrification in the 1980s became a full-blown "redevelopment" of the area as many suburbanites, transplanted Americans, internationals, and immigrants (most focused on opportunities in NY/NJ region and proximity to Manhattan) began to make
4350-475: A record high of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.21 inches (82 mm) in February to 4.60 inches (117 mm) in July. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of 62.35 square miles (161.5 km ), of which 46.19 square miles (119.6 km ) was land (74.1%) and 16.15 square miles (41.8 km )
4524-456: A rock shelf and then onto a viaduct, which descends before turning west and then north. While it curves west, the helix crosses JFK Boulevard East again, this time in an east-to-west direction. As the viaduct turns north, Park Avenue begins to follow the viaduct along its west side. The two directions split, and the ramp from the center tube to southbound Park Avenue rises between the two directions of traffic. The ramp from northbound Park Avenue to
4698-462: A second tube, which was expected to cost an additional $ 33 million, bringing the total cost of the project to around $ 80 million. The next month, the Port Authority sold a $ 10 million bond issue at a 3% interest rate. In August 1937, the PWA issued $ 29.1 million in funds for the second tube, consisting of a $ 26 million loan and a $ 3.1 million grant. By the time the first tube had opened in December 1937,
4872-475: A share of the tunnel's cost. In January 1931, the Port Authority decided that the Midtown Hudson Tunnel's construction was feasible. It recommended that the tunnel be constructed immediately so that the tube could begin carrying traffic in 1937. The $ 95 million cost was proposed to be offset by the 12.5 million vehicles that would use the tunnel in its first year. The preliminary plans included
5046-454: A short tunnel between the Lincoln Tunnel and the new terminal. The city approved the construction of the new terminal and connecting tunnel in January 1941. Plans for a bus terminal were delayed because of World War II , which used the resources intended for most projects that were not directly involved in the war effort. In November 1936, as construction on the first tube was winding down,
5220-417: A six-lane divided road running in an open cut , was designated as an eastern extension of NJ 3. Work on the second tube resumed in April 1941 as part of the Port Authority's 20th-anniversary ceremony, the "Port Preparedness Dedication." The United States Army had deemed the Lincoln Tunnel to be an important part of wartime defense, and so the Port Authority expedited plans for completing the tube by 1943 at
5394-486: A slaughter by the Dutch at Communipaw and is considered to be one of the first genocides of Native Americans by Europeans. A series of raids and reprisals across the province lasted two years and ended in an uneasy truce. Other homesteads were established at Constable Hook (1646), Awiehaken (1647), and other lands at Achter Col on Bergen Neck . In 1658, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant of New Netherland negotiated
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5568-462: A slogan to encourage motorists to use the tunnel, advertising it as "the Direct Way to Times Square" and erecting road signs to that effect. Daily traffic counts decreased with the first month of the tube's opening, since the opening ceremony had coincided with the holiday travel season at the end of December 1937. In any case, the Lincoln Tunnel had carried less than 10,000 daily vehicles during
5742-516: A small strait from Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty , played a crucial role in the massive immigration of the period, with many newly arrived departing the station to embark on their lives in America. Many, though, decided to stay, taking jobs on the docks, the railroads, the factories, the refineries, and in the sweatshops and skyscrapers of Manhattan. Many manufacturers, whose names read as
5916-400: A surprise raid on a British fortification in 1779, was seen as a victory and morale booster for revolutionary forces. Many downtown Jersey City streets bear the name of military figures Mercer , Greene , Wayne , and Varick among them. Weehawken became notorious for duels, including the nation's most famous between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804. Border conflicts for control of
6090-401: A temporary bulkhead was built a few yards past the construction shaft, through which air was pumped. The tunneling shields continued digging past the bulkhead, within the pressurized chamber. An airlock was provided in order to prevent workers from undergoing sudden depressurization. Each sandhog worked two 3-hour-long shifts per day, punctuated by a break of three hours. After a section of
6264-581: A tentative agreement to market these bonds at a 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 % rate. The Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works (later the Public Works Administration , or PWA) advanced the Midtown Hudson Tunnel project a $ 37.5 million loan that August. The Port Authority accepted the loan, with the intent to start construction within two months. The loan would be repaid at a relatively low interest rate of 4%, although Galvin stated that this loan would only be sufficient to pay for one of
6438-506: Is New Jersey's geographically smallest and most densely populated county. Hudson County shares extensive mass transit connections with Manhattan , located across the Hudson River, as well as with most of Northern and Central New Jersey . The average temperature of Hudson County is 51.89 °F, which is approximately the same as the state average of 51.93 °F, and lower than the national average of 54.45 °F. The county
6612-411: Is about 86 degrees, and its winter low in January is 25. On average, there are 219 sunny days per year in the county, compared with the national average of 205. Average temperatures in the county seat of Jersey City have ranged from a low of 27 °F (−3 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −15 °F (−26 °C) was recorded in February 1934 and
6786-551: Is coastal and flat. The western region, around the Hackensack and Passaic is part of the New Jersey Meadowlands . Much of the land along the county's extensive shoreline and littoral zone was created by land reclamation . The highest point, at 260 feet (79 m) above sea level, is in West New York; the lowest point is at sea level. North Bergen is the city with the second most hills per square mile in
6960-512: Is forced to enter this ramp, while westbound traffic on 40th Street and southbound traffic on Galvin Avenue have the option to either enter the ramp or continue on 40th Street. After the fourth ramp merges into the westbound expressway, the roadway dips into the northern tube just east of Eleventh Avenue. During the morning rush hour, one traffic lane in the center tube, the Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL),
7134-720: Is located on the U.S. East Coast , approximately halfway between the Equator and the North Pole, which results in climate that is influenced by wet, dry, hot, and cold airstreams, and highly variable daily weather. Of New Jersey's five distinct climate regions, Hudson County is located in the Central region, which runs from New York Harbor and the Lower Hudson River to the great bend of the Delaware River near
Lincoln Tunnel Expressway - Misplaced Pages Continue
7308-647: Is located right above the tunnel portal. The helix roadway extends over a distance of 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Route 495 approaches the Helix from the west, crossing over John F. Kennedy Boulevard East. To the east of the JFK Boulevard East overpass, the roadway of Route 495 curves to the south and starts its descent. At this point, the westbound direction has a northbound ramp that diverges to two streets: northbound JFK Boulevard East, and northbound Park Avenue. Both directions of Route 495 continue south onto
7482-743: Is named after the explorer Henry Hudson who charted much of the region. At the time of European contact in the 17th century, Hudson County was the territory of the Lenape (or Lenni-Lenape ), namely the bands (or family groups) known as the Hackensack , the Tappan , the Raritan , and the Manhattan . They were a seasonally migrational people who practiced small-scale agriculture ( companion planting ) augmented by hunting and gathering which likely, given
7656-416: Is often difficult to know when one's crossed a civic boundary. These boundaries and the topography-including many hills and inlets-create very distinct neighborhoods. Kennedy Boulevard runs the entire length of the peninsula. Numerous cuts for rail and vehicular traffic cross Bergen Hill . Given its proximity to Manhattan, it is sometimes referred to as New York City's sixth borough . Hudson County
7830-635: Is part of the North Jersey region of the state. As of the 2020 United States census , the county was the state's fourth-most-populous and fastest-growing county in the previous decade, with a population of 724,854, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 90,588 (+14.3%) from the 2010 census count of 634,266, which in turn reflected an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 2000 census population of 608,975. Home to 15,693 residents per square mile (6,130/km2) in 2020 and covering 46.19 square miles (119.6 km ) of land, Hudson County
8004-638: Is the 8,216-foot (2,504 m) center tube, which runs parallel to the 8,006-foot (2,440 m) southern tube. The northern tube is 7,482 feet (2,281 m) long. On the Manhattan side, there is an Art Deco ventilation shaft located west of 12th Avenue. Emergency services at the Lincoln Tunnel are provided by the Port Authority's Tunnel and Bridge Agents, who are stationed at the Port Authority's crossings. They maintain various apparatus such as fire trucks, rescue trucks, and wreckers for serious incidents. Port Authority workers also use cameras to monitor
8178-469: Is the most densely populated municipality in the United States. North Hudson has the second-largest Cuban American population in the United States behind Miami . Jersey City is the 21st-most ethnically diverse city in the United States and the most ethnically diverse on the East Coast of the United States . Hudson has three communities on the list of the 100 cities (population 5,000 and up) with
8352-465: Is the smallest and most densely populated county in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It lies west of the lower Hudson River , which was named for Henry Hudson , the sea captain who explored the area in 1609. Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area , the county seat is Jersey City , which is the county's largest city in terms of both population and area. The county
8526-565: Is used only by buses. It is fed by the New Jersey Turnpike at Exits 16E and 17, and New Jersey Route 3 . The XBL is by far the busiest and most productive bus lane in the United States. The lane operates weekday mornings from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m., accommodating approximately 1,850 buses and 70,000 commuters, most of whom continue to the Port Authority Bus Terminal . The ridership on
8700-572: The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad to replace the previous one, is the only one of five major rail/ferry terminals that once dotted the waterfront still in operation. West Shore Railroad Terminal in Weehawken, Erie Railroad's Pavonia Terminal and Pennsylvania Railroad 's Exchange Place in Jersey City were all razed. Central Railroad of New Jersey 's Communipaw Terminal, across
8874-451: The Manhattan neighborhoods of Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea , between Ninth Avenue to the east and Tenth Avenue to the west, connecting to the Lincoln Tunnel to New Jersey at its northern end. The southern terminus of the highway is located at West 31st Street, midblock between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. The block of 31st Street between these two avenues is a six-lane divided street: the southern roadway hosts eastbound local traffic, while
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#17327659967429048-670: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (formerly Port of New York Authority), comprise six traffic lanes in total and carry a combined total of 112,995 vehicles per day as of 2016 . In 2017, there were 19,039,210 tolls collected in the eastbound direction. Although the center tube normally provides one travel lane in each direction, both of the travel lanes in the tunnel's center tube are reversible and can be configured for peak-hour traffic demand if needed. The northern and southern tubes respectively carry westbound and eastbound traffic exclusively. Normally, only motor traffic uses
9222-493: The "Jersey" side of the Hudson their home, and the "real-estate boom" of the era encouraged many to seek investment opportunities. The exploitation of certain parts of the waterfront and other brownfields led to commercial development as well, especially along former rail yards. Hudson felt the short- and long-term impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely: its proximity to lower Manhattan made it
9396-510: The 100 most populous cities in the United States was Jersey City , which was ranked 77th in the United States Census Bureau 's rankings based on the 2016 population estimate . Of municipalities with over 50,000 people, Union City is the most densely populated in the United States , while several Hudson County municipalities are among the most densely populated in the United States as well as worldwide . Guttenburg
9570-515: The Central Zone is often the boundary between freezing and non-freezing precipitation in the winter, and between comfortable and comfortable sleeping conditions in the summer. Hudson County experiences precipitation an average of 116 days a year, during which it receives an annual average of 48 inches of rain, compared to the national average of 38, and 26 inches of snow, compared to the national average of 28. The summer high temperature in July
9744-522: The Cuban revolution take up residence. Unlike other urban industrial areas of comparable size, age and density, North Hudson did not experience marked urban decay or a crime wave during the late 20th century, its population and economic base remaining basically stable, in part, because of its good housing stock, tightly knit neighborhoods and satisfactory schools systems. The county since the mid-1990s has seen much real estate speculation and development and
9918-477: The December holiday season, compared to the Holland Tunnel's 40,000 daily vehicles, since the Holland Tunnel contained two 2-lane tubes. The Port Authority marketed the new tunnel with the slogan "Don't Mark Time, Make Time, Use the Lincoln Tunnel", which was selected from a set of 3,500 Port Authority employees' proposals. The Lincoln Tunnel saw 1,790,640 vehicles during its first year of operation, but it
10092-551: The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway, which continues to 31st Street (for westbound traffic) and 30th Street (for eastbound traffic). The surface section of Dyer Avenue continues to 35th Street, where westbound traffic can turn right, and then to 34th Street, where traffic can turn either left or right for eastbound and westbound traffic, respectively. The center tube, which is reversible, ascends to ground level just southeast of 39th Street and Tenth Avenue, parallel to
10266-598: The Lincoln Tunnel has undergone a series of gradual improvements, including changes to security and tolling methods. The Lincoln Tunnel is one of two automobile tunnels built under the Hudson River, the other being the Holland Tunnel between Jersey City, New Jersey , and Lower Manhattan . The Lincoln Tunnel is also one of six tolled crossings in the New York area owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . The tolls on each crossing are only collected in
10440-499: The Lincoln Tunnel in Manhattan typically uses either Dyer Avenue , which also offers direct access to the Port Authority Bus Terminal , or the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway . Dyer Avenue runs in between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and exists in three segments: 30th–31st Streets, 34th–36th Streets, and 40th–42nd Streets. The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway, a bidirectional divided highway that passes below street level, connects
10614-559: The Manhattan side, southward from 34th Street to 31st Street. It included the approach roads in Manhattan and Hudson County, New Jersey , as outlined in the Joint Study of Arterial Facilities which had been commissioned by the agency and the Triborough Bridge Authority . The tube was completed in May 1957 at a cost of $ 85 million. The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway was first conceived during the planning process for
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#173276599674210788-579: The Manhattan-Queens tunnel to New Jersey. The New York State Legislature considered two proposals for the Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel in January 1930. Although both would connect Weehawken to 38th Street in Manhattan, one proposal called for the Port Authority to build and operate the tunnel, while the other would entail operations by the "Joint Tunnel Committee", composed of the bridge and tunnel commissions of both states. Later that month,
10962-405: The Midtown Hudson Tunnel from both ends, boring a tube that measured 32 feet (9.8 m) in diameter and 8,000 feet (2,400 m) between ventilation shafts. It was generally easier to dig from the New Jersey side, which consisted mostly of muddy sediment, than from the New York side, which contained many tons of rocks. Compressed air was used to prevent river water from flooding the tunnel, and
11136-523: The New Jersey State Legislature created a committee that, among other things, would confer with New York officials regarding the plans for the Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel. In February of that year, New Jersey Governor Larson and New York Lieutenant Governor Herbert H. Lehman agreed to send bills to their respective state legislatures, which would authorize the construction of the tunnel. Even though both states had agreed to build
11310-499: The New Jersey entrance would be located directly across the river in either Hoboken or Weehawken. According to the New Jersey Chamber of Commerce, James's company had enough resources to commence construction. The first trans-Hudson vehicular tunnel, the Holland Tunnel downstream connecting Jersey City, New Jersey , with Lower Manhattan , was under construction at the time. Upon the Holland Tunnel's opening in 1927, it
11484-412: The New Jersey shaft would be sunk later. Thirty-two ventilation buildings would be constructed, of which 15 would pull air into the tunnel, and 17 would exhaust air from the tunnel. The Port Authority received five bids for the construction of the Midtown Hudson Tunnel. Construction began on the first tube, now the center of the three tubes, on May 18, 1934, with ceremonies on both sides. Officials from
11658-404: The New Jersey side had dug past the state border. By June, half of the tunnel had been excavated. During one week that month, sandhogs dug 250 feet (76 m) of tunnel, which the Port Authority proclaimed was world record in tunnel-digging. The two parts of the tube were connected in a ceremony in August 1935, four months ahead of schedule. The method of financing the Midtown Hudson Tunnel
11832-405: The New York side were named after Port Authority chairmen who had been important figures in the Lincoln Tunnel's construction. Galvin Avenue, which would connect the tunnel north to 42nd Street, was named after John F. Galvin. Dyer Avenue , which would lead south to 34th Street, was named for General George R. Dyer, who had died by that point. A contract for the Weehawken approach, the first part of
12006-494: The New York-bound direction. As of 2016 , both directions of the tunnel carry a combined average of 112,995 vehicular crossings every day. The tunnel is part of New Jersey Route 495 on the western half of the river, and New York State Route 495 on the eastern half of the river. However, the New York state highway designation is not signed , and its use is inconsistent in official documents. The three tubes, operated by
12180-579: The PANYNJ the sale of parcels at 30th Street to the McDermont Company for a 500,000-square-foot residential tower the plans were dropped. and the land was put back on the market. The entire route is in the New York City borough of Manhattan . All exits are unnumbered. Lincoln Tunnel The Lincoln Tunnel is an approximately 1.5-mile-long (2.4 km) tunnel under the Hudson River , connecting Weehawken, New Jersey , to
12354-445: The Port Authority announced that the tunnel would be called "Midtown Hudson Tunnel". The same month, the agency began conducting a study of traffic patterns around the proposed tunnel's portals. By December, officials from both states were discussing preliminary plans for the tunnel. At the time, it was expected to begin construction the next year with an opening of 1938, and it was projected to cost $ 95 million, with both states paying
12528-472: The Port Authority's commissioners met to discuss the feasibility of adding a second tube, located north of and parallel to the first tube. Although the original design in 1933 had called for two tubes, the PWA funds had only covered the cost of the first tube. It was estimated that if a second tube were to be built immediately, the cost of that tube would be cheaper because the workers and machinery were already on site. The commissioners thus agreed to construct
12702-483: The United States behind San Francisco . Ellis Island and Liberty Island , opposite Liberty State Park , lie entirely within Hudson County's waters, which extend to the New York state line. Liberty Island is part of New York. Largely created through land reclamation, Ellis Island covers a land area of 27.5 acres (11.1 ha), with the 2.74-acre (1.11 ha) natural island and contiguous areas comprising
12876-429: The Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel, there were disagreements on who would fund and construct the tunnels. The Port Authority and the two states' tunnel commissions both wanted to build the tunnel, but the Port Authority believed the tunnel would cost $ 95.5 million while the two states' tunnel commissions thought the tunnel would only be $ 66.9 million. Ole Singstad , chief engineer for both states' tunnel commissions, believed
13050-520: The adjacent first tube. However, work on the second tube was halted the same month because New Jersey had failed to build sufficient approach roads to accommodate the extra traffic load. Economic considerations also played a significant role in the work stoppage, since the New Jersey Highway Commissioner had said that the state lacked enough money to build these new highways. The ends of the second tube were sealed because it
13224-525: The agency to seek an additional $ 9 million in funds from the PWA. Simultaneously, work began on retrofitting the tunnel for vehicular use, so it could be in operation by the time the 1939 New York World's Fair started. The retrofits consisted of installing ceiling panels with exhaust pipes; a roadway with air ducts; and straight retaining walls with ceramic tiles, metal police booths, and a catwalk for maintenance and emergency uses. Workers installed 800,000 glass tiles, each 6 inches (15 cm) square, along
13398-462: The approach would then split in two directions with one roadway going south to 34th Street and the other going north to 42nd Street . The United States Department of War held a hearing about the proposed tunnel, in which it received only two complaints, both from shipping lines that were concerned about the Port Authority's intention to use "blankets" to cover the tubes. The blankets were to be located 40 feet (12 m) below mean water level, about
13572-577: The area in 1664, and the Dutch finally ceded formal control of the province to the English in 1674. By 1675, the Treaty of Westminster finalized the transfer and the area became part of the British colony of East Jersey , in the administrative district of Bergen Township . The county's seat was transferred to Hackensack in 1709, after Bergen County was expanded west. Small villages and farms supplied
13746-402: The author Angus Gillespie states in his book Crossing Under the Hudson . After twenty days, officials guaranteed that skilled jobs would be awarded only to skilled laborers, and work resumed. Meanwhile, the Port Authority still had not acquired and cleared all of the land in the way of the Midtown Hudson Tunnel's approaches. Construction of the approaches on the New York side necessitated
13920-467: The baseball color line. Much of Hudson County experienced the phenomenon of ethnic/economic groups leaving and being replaced by others, as was typical of most urban communities of the New York Bay region. When the big businesses decided to follow them or vice versa, Hudson County's socioeconomic differences became more profound. Old economic underpinnings disintegrated. Attempts were made to stabilize
14094-412: The bore was completed, the sandhogs assembled segments of 14 curved metal pieces into rings that measured 31 feet in diameter and weighed 20 tons. During the process of construction, 145,000 cubic yards (111,000 m ) of sediment and earth and 28,000 cubic yards (21,000 m ) of rocky dirt were displaced, and 2,370 metal rings were installed. The reporter L.H. Robbins wrote a descriptive account of
14268-569: The burgeoning city of New York , across the river, notably with oysters from the vast beds in the Upper New York Bay, and fresh produce, sold at Weehawken Street , in Manhattan. During the American Revolutionary War, the area was under British control which included garrisons at Bulls Ferry and the fort at Bergen Neck . Colonialist troops used the heights to observe enemy movements. The Battle of Paulus Hook ,
14442-521: The buses using the XBL is higher than that on NJ Transit 's commuter rail into Penn Station . Over 100 bus carriers utilize the Exclusive Bus Lane. New Jersey Transit operates fifty-seven interstate bus routes through the Lincoln Tunnel, as do numerous regional and long-distance companies. The XBL was first proposed in 1964, when studies were conducted to address the feasibility of such
14616-607: The caisson was so large. Also in July, issues arose when the City of Weehawken refused to let the Port Authority conduct blasting for the New Jersey ventilation shaft for more than 12 hours a day. The Port Authority warned that this could delay construction. Another disagreement concerned the hiring of unskilled laborers to work on the Midtown Hudson Tunnel construction project. Unionized skilled laborers, who feared that their specialized jobs were being given to unskilled laborers, briefly threatened to strike over "unfair labor practices", as
14790-450: The canceled ARC Tunnel . Funds would be used for the redevelopment of the Port Authority Bus Terminal and other infrastructure improvements. In 2011, the city approved construction of two 18 stories building at 9th Avenue between 37th and 38th streets. In April 2012, the PANYNJ reported that a proposal had been made by developer Larry Silverstein , who has a memorandum of understanding to develop this property at 39th Street to construct
14964-461: The ceiling of the tube, comprising what The New York Times described as "the largest glass ceiling in the world". After an unexpected gasoline leak from gas stations near the Midtown Hudson Tunnel, workers installed fireproof copper sheeting within the tunnel. By that October, most of the tube-retrofitting work had been completed, and the Midtown Hudson Tunnel was scheduled to open in fall 1937, several months ahead of schedule. The only major parts of
15138-425: The center tube operates westbound to New Jersey. The highway dips under a ramp to northbound Dyre Avenue, which splits from both the eastbound-only southern tube and the eastbound lane of the center tube just west of this overpass. A ramp from the Port Authority Bus Terminal merges with the westbound highway at this point. The highway then connects to the western tube of the tunnel just east of Tenth Avenue. In 1934,
15312-493: The cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades and rail lines; and ethnic/demographic differences in the population. As the county sees more development this traditional perception is challenged. Hudson County is the most densely populated county in New Jersey and the fifth-most densely populated county in the United States, with 15,693 residents per square mile (6,130/km ) as of 2020. The only city in Hudson County among
15486-618: The construction of new transportation links. General George R. Dyer , the chairman of New York's Bridge and Tunnel Commission, and Theodore Boettger , the chairman of the New Jersey's Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission jointly co-signed letters to each state's governor. After the Manhattan-Queens tunnel was formally recommended by the New York City Board of Estimate in June 1929, the heads of each state's respective bridge and tunnel commissions reiterated their proposal to extend
15660-485: The construction of the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway between 31st Street and the tunnel entrance at 38th Street. The highway was opened on February 19, 1957, just before the opening of the third tube, at a cost of $ 11 million. At the highway's opening, it was described as a "triumph of engineering skill". The New York Times stated, "In constructing the approach highway, engineers had to build a bridge under an existing bridge, provide two twin tunnels and five viaducts, depress
15834-424: The construction work, comparing the tunnel shield to a "Steel Hercules", calling the sandhogs "ox-strong, rough-clad", and describing the tunnel itself as being like "a bit of the realm of Tartarus". The Midtown Hudson Tunnel's vehicular tube was being excavated from both ends, but the teams on the New Jersey side worked faster because the ground there was softer. As a result, most of the work had been undertaken by
16008-421: The cost of construction had risen to $ 85 million. At the time, the second tube was set to be completed in 1940. A contract for the second tube was released in February 1937, at a cost of $ 8.7 million. That July, a steel caisson, similar to that for the first tube, was sunk into the Manhattan side at the western end of 39th Street. The next month, three parcels of land in New Jersey were acquired to make way for
16182-720: The creation of Union City in 1925. The City of Jersey was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28, 1820, from portions of Bergen Township. The city was reincorporated on January 23, 1829, and again on February 22, 1838, at which time it became completely independent of Bergen Township and was given its present name. On February 22, 1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County. As Jersey City grew, several neighboring communities were annexed: Van Vorst Township (March 18, 1851), Bergen City and Hudson City (both on May 2, 1870), and Greenville Township (February 4, 1873). North Bergen
16356-464: The demolition of 91 buildings, mainly tenements, between Ninth and Tenth Avenues from 34th to 42nd Street. These buildings, located in the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen , were seen as either being already dilapidated, or nearing such a condition. The demolition process was inadvertently aided by a fire that burned down one of the condemned buildings in October 1934. Bidding for the New York approach
16530-596: The distance between the two existing Hudson River vehicular crossings, the Holland Tunnel and George Washington Bridge , was large enough that the Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel would carry 10 million vehicles in its first year. By contrast, the Port Authority believed that the tunnel would only carry 7 million vehicles in its first year. Another funding issue arose after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , which caused several potential funding sources to be depleted. The jurisdictional disagreement held up financing for
16704-433: The division that would oversee construction. The Port Authority's former chairman, John Galvin, would be retained as a consultant. The construction work itself would be supervised by George Breck Montgomery , who had served in the same position for the Holland Tunnel's construction. The tube would stretch 6,000 feet (1,800 m) from the New Jersey side's ventilation shaft to the New York side's construction shaft, but
16878-407: The eastbound tunnel merges to the outside (east) of the viaduct, while the ramp from the westbound tunnel to southbound Park Avenue dips into a short tunnel underneath the avenue. The avenue itself ascends King's Bluff in a relatively straight line from south to north. As Park Avenue continues to ascend the ledge, the viaduct descends to ground level. The highway lanes then split into the portals for
17052-431: The entrance plaza was holed-through in September of the same year. New Jersey civic groups stated that they needed to raise another $ 9 million in bond funds, since the construction of the proposed entrance plaza in Weehawken would bring the project's cost to $ 46.5 million. This cost would be composed of $ 42 million raised in bonds plus the $ 4.78 million PWA grant. That November, the Port Authority's commissioners authorized
17226-411: The expressway, which descends into a short tunnel until 10th Avenue and 40th Street. At this point, the highway surfaces and there is an option to exit on the left, to westbound 39th Street. This is marked as the last exit in New York. The fourth ramp merges with highway traffic at this point, carrying traffic from the intersection of 40th Street and Galvin Avenue. Traffic traveling eastbound on 40th Street
17400-463: The federal Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) for funds, but the RFC wanted the Port Authority to market these bonds at a 5% rate, which the Port Authority thought was too high. The Port Authority wanted to be able to market the bonds at a 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 % rate, and so it would wait until such a rate was feasible. Despite a lack of funds for the Midtown Hudson Tunnel itself, the Port Authority
17574-492: The federal, state, and city levels were in attendance at the ceremony on the New York side, where New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia and New Jersey Governor A. Harry Moore wielded picks to dig up the ceremonial first mound of dirt. The 700-ton cubical caisson for the New York side was floated into place and sunk into the riverbed in July. Even though the caisson had been manufactured in nearby Kearny, New Jersey , it had taken two days to be floated to Manhattan because
17748-505: The first group of 104 townships formed in New Jersey, while the area was still a part of Bergen County . As originally constituted, Bergen Township included the area between the Hudson River on the east, the Hackensack River to the west, south to Constable Hook / Bergen Point and north to the present-day Hudson-Bergen border. For the next 127 years civic borders within the county took many forms, until they were finalized with
17922-836: The geology of the tunnel's route. In November 1933, the Port Authority announced that it had picked the chief engineers for the Midtown Hudson Tunnel. These officials included O. H. Ammann as the Chief Engineer; Ole Singstad, the New York and New Jersey Tunnel Commissions' former chief engineer, as the Chief Tunnel Consulting Engineer; Ralph Smillie , the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority chief engineer, as Design Engineer; Robert Ridgway and James Forgie as tunnel consultants; Charles S. Gleim as Engineer of Construction; and Port Authority Commissioner Alexander J. Shamberg as chief of
18096-463: The governors of New York and New Jersey. The first vehicles began passing through the tube at 4:00 AM the next day. The sculptor Julio Kilenyi created a commemorative medal for the tunnel's opening ceremony, having created similar medals for the opening of the Holland Tunnel and George Washington Bridge. The newly opened tube carried traffic in both directions. Passenger cars traveling in either direction were charged 50 cents for single trips,
18270-503: The highest percent of foreign-born residents: West New York (65.2%), Union City (58.7%), and Guttenberg (48.7%) Hudson County has the smallest proportion of persons over age 65 in New Jersey. As of the 2020 census , the county had 724,854 people, 266,664 households, and 160,697 families. The population density was 15,692.9 inhabitants per square mile (6,059.1/km ). There were 312,706 housing units at an average density of 6,770 per square mile (2,613.9/km ). The county's racial makeup
18444-401: The intersection of 38th Street and Tenth Avenue. It leads directly to both the northern and southern legs of Dyer Avenue. The northern leg leads to 40th through 42nd Streets and carries northbound traffic only, while the southern leg leads to 36th through 34th Streets and carries both directions of traffic between these streets. At 36th Street, an exit ramp from the southbound Dyer Avenue leads to
18618-418: The loop approach; garages for maintenance buildings; a tollbooth; a 145-foot (44 m) steel, brick, and sandstone ventilation building above the tunnel; a section of tube connecting the plaza to the existing underwater segment; and space for a second tunnel portal to the north of the first portal. By this time, the Midtown Hudson Tunnel project was one-third completed. The part of the tube that connected to
18792-470: The north in 1945, but the tunnels only had a combined capacity of 15 million vehicles per year, and by 1949, the tubes were already carrying 11 million annual vehicles. In March 1951, the Port Authority commissioners gave their approval to preliminary plans for a third tube of the Lincoln Tunnel, to the south of the two existing tubes. The project would also involve extending the Dyer Avenue approach, on
18966-519: The northbound Lincoln Tunnel Expressway. This ramp carries traffic from both northbound Tenth Avenue and southbound Ninth Avenue. The second ramp diverges from eastbound 33rd Street and merges directly into the northbound expressway. The third ramp leads from the segment of Dyer Avenue that runs between 34th Street and 36th Street. This ramp carries traffic only from westbound 34th Street, but also contains interchanges with westbound 35th Street and both directions of 36th Street. The third ramp then merges with
19140-480: The northbound highway. The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway passes under 37th Street and then curves west. The northbound roadway splits into two ramps: one leading to the normally-bidirectional center tube, the other leading to a short tunnel that connects to the westbound-only northern tube. The bidirectional roadway can be closed to either direction of traffic if the center tube is operating in one direction, although southbound highway traffic would be completely cut off when
19314-556: The northern and southern tubes exclusively carry westbound and eastbound traffic, respectively. The Lincoln Tunnel was originally proposed in the late 1920s and early 1930s as the Midtown Hudson Tunnel . The tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel were constructed in stages between 1934 and 1957. Construction of the central tube, which originally lacked sufficient funding due to the Great Depression , started in 1934 and it opened in 1937. The northern tube started construction in 1936,
19488-472: The northern roadway funnels northbound traffic from Tenth Avenue east onto the northbound highway, and southbound traffic from Ninth Avenue west onto the southbound highway. The highway then continues north as Dyer Avenue , a divided four-lane street, for one block. At 31st Street, there is a traffic light, and the highway continues north underneath the Manhattan West development and local streets as
19662-533: The only contiguous approving towns. Both the Town of Union and Union Township could not be included due to the dissenting vote of West Hoboken which lay between them and Hudson City. On March 17, 1870, Jersey City, Hudson City, and Bergen merged into Jersey City. Only three years later the present outline of Jersey City was completed when Greenville agreed to merge into the Greater Jersey City. Union City
19836-525: The opening, in 1910, of the Pennsylvania Railroad 's North River Tunnels under the Hudson, trains terminated on the west bank of the river, requiring passengers and cargo to travel by ferry or barge to New York. Transfer to the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tubes (now PATH ) became possible upon its opening in 1908. Hoboken Terminal , a national historic landmark originally built in 1907 by
20010-413: The population by demolishing so-called slums and build subsidized middle-income housing and the pockets of so-called "good neighborhoods" came in conflict with those that went into decline. Riots occurred in Jersey City in 1964. Lower property values allowed the next wave of immigrants, many from Latin America, to rent or buy in the county. North Hudson , particularly Union City, saw many émigrés fleeing
20184-494: The project that month. According to Gillespie, the Midtown Hudson Tunnel was renamed after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln because the Port Authority believed that the tunnel was "parallel to the importance of the George Washington Bridge", which had been named after the first U.S. President . Several other names had been considered and rejected. At the same time, the two under-construction approaches on
20358-418: The region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom . The forerunner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30, 1921. Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass
20532-518: The results of a referendum held nine days later. Soon after the Civil War the idea of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County in one municipality of Jersey City began to gain favor. In 1868 a bill for submitting the question of consolidation of all of Hudson County to the voters was presented to the Board of Chosen Freeholders (now known as the Board of County Commissioners). The bill did not include
20706-515: The roadbed in part, elevate it at other places, and develop an intricate network of entrance and exit ramps at intermediate points." As part of the highway design, ramps were constructed to the Port Authority Bus Terminal. Pamphlets were issued to motorists at the highway opening. The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway is designated the unsigned NY 495. The highway was to be integrated into the unbuilt Mid-Manhattan Expressway ,
20880-491: The roads are owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . They traverse the Manhattan neighborhoods of Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea between Ninth and Tenth avenues. The highway serves as the entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel from Manhattan, with the entrance from Weehawken, New Jersey being the Lincoln Tunnel Helix ( NJ 495 ). The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway for eight blocks within
21054-401: The same as on the Holland Tunnel, the George Washington Bridge, and the three bridges between Staten Island and New Jersey. If passenger-car drivers were traveling to or from Staten Island within the same trip, they paid 75 cents. Different toll rates applied to tractor-trailers, who paid $ 2, and motorcycles, who paid 25 cents. Pedestrians, animals, and bicyclists were prohibited from using
21228-439: The same depth as the bottoms of the shipping companies' vessels. The Department of War gave permission for the Midtown Hudson Tunnel's construction in October 1933, noting that the top of the new tunnel would be at least 60 feet (18 m) below mean water level, which would allow the Hudson River to be dredged to a lower depth if necessary. Preliminary borings were drilled in the bottom of the riverbed so builders could determine
21402-424: The second tube. The second-tube project would include the construction of the "express highway" in New Jersey, which would connect to NJ 1 (now part of U.S. 1 ) and NJ 3 in western North Bergen. At the time of the first tube's opening, the express highway ended at the toll plaza just outside the tunnel portal, leading to Boulevard East and Park Avenue. Bidding for the express highway began in January 1938, and
21576-478: The shoreline with landfill ) fueled much of the development. European immigration, notably German-language speakers and Irish (many fleeing famine) initiated a population boom that would last for several decades. Neighborhoods grew as farms, estates, and other holdings were sub-divided for housing, civic and religious architecture. Streets (some with trolley lines) were laid out. Stevens Institute of Technology and Saint Peter's University were established. Before
21750-472: The south; Newark Bay and the Hackensack River or the Passaic River to the west; its only land borders are shared with Bergen County to the north and Essex County to the west. The topography is marked by the New Jersey Palisades in the north with cliffs overlooking the Hudson to the east and less severe cuesta , or slope, to the west. They gradually level off to the southern peninsula, which
21924-438: The southernmost section of Dyer Avenue with the Lincoln Tunnel. The primary entrance roadways for the Lincoln Tunnel are Galvin Avenue , as well as the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway and the southern two sections of Dyer Avenue. Galvin Avenue runs in between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues and carries traffic southbound from 41st to 40th Streets. The southernmost tube, which carries eastbound traffic to New York, surfaces just northeast of
22098-399: The southernmost tube. The tube funnels directly into the southbound Lincoln Tunnel Expressway, while an exit ramp leads to both legs of Dyer Avenue. A ramp from the northbound expressway also leads to the center tube. The northern tube, carrying westbound traffic to New Jersey, is fed from four ramps. The first ramp originates from the intersection of 30th Street and Dyer Avenue, and leads to
22272-448: The state capital of Trenton . The high number of urban areas in this region are characterized by a high volume of industry and vehicular traffic that produce large amounts of pollutants. These substances, along with the large amounts of asphalt, brick, and concrete that compose buildings in the area, retain more atmospheric heat, which make it a regularly warmer " heat island " than surrounding suburban and rural areas. The northern border of
22446-582: The structure of the Helix over the course of more than two years. According to the American Highway Users Alliance, the Helix is considered one of the most congested corridors in the east coast of the United States: as of 2018 , drivers spent a cumulative 3.4 million hours per year sitting in congestion at the Helix. An administration building is also located on the New Jersey side, along Boulevard East. Traffic exiting
22620-430: The teams working from the New Jersey side, and the two ends of the tube were ultimately connected at the caisson on the New York side. The tunneling work posed some danger: three workers were killed in tunneling incidents during the first year of construction, and a dynamite accident in April 1935 killed three more sandhogs. The sandhogs dug at an average rate of 25 feet (7.6 m) per day, and by May 1935, workers from
22794-602: The three tubes, which are ornamented with stone. The tubes then curve east and cross under the Hudson River. This tollbooth has 13 toll lanes. As of 2015 , the Port Authority considered the Helix to have a working lifespan of ten years. Alternatives to its replacement included tunnels under the Palisades directly to the Lincoln Tunnel portals. In June 2018, the New Jersey Department of Transportation , which maintains Route 495, announced that it would renovate
22968-402: The topography of the area, included much (shell) fishing and trapping. These groups had early and frequent trading contact with Europeans. Their Algonquian language can still be inferred in many local place names such as Communipaw , Harsimus , Hackensack , Hoboken , Weehawken , Secaucus , and Pamrapo . Henry Hudson , for whom the county and river on which it sits are named, established
23142-411: The total length between portals would be 8,218 feet (2,505 m). It was slated to have a diameter of 31 feet (9.4 m) carrying a 21-foot-wide (6.4 m) roadway, with a cast-iron and steel outer lining and a concrete inner lining. This contract would also include the construction of ventilation shafts on each side, as well as 60 feet (18 m) of additional tunnel on the New Jersey side. The tube
23316-455: The township was ceded to Hoboken in 1874. Additional territory was annexed in 1879 from West Hoboken . West New York was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on July 8, 1898, replacing Union Township , based on the results of a referendum held three days earlier. Kearny was originally formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township . Portions of
23490-418: The township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark . Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1, 1861, from portions of Bergen Township . Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to
23664-489: The tunnel that had not been completed were the approaches on either side, but these were progressing quickly as well, as the New York approach plaza was already being excavated. By April 1937, the Midtown Hudson Tunnel was 75% completed, and its opening was projected for the next year. As the tunnel could be confused with the Queens–Midtown Tunnel on the other side of Manhattan, the Port Authority decided to rename
23838-480: The tunnel's third tube. The city of New York had had concerns that existing streets could not adequately handle the extra traffic from the third tube. After fifteen months of negotiation, the city and the Port Authority came to an agreement in June 1952. The agency agreed to widen 30th Street between 10th Avenue and 12th Avenue, and to provide ramps between the tunnel and the West Side Highway. This included
24012-414: The tunnel, but every year, a few bicycle tours and foot races pass through by special arrangement. Each tube provides a 21.5-foot-wide (6.6 m) roadway with two lanes and 13 feet (4.0 m) of vertical clearance. Most vehicles carrying hazmats are not allowed in the tunnel, and trucks cannot use the center tube. There is a width limit of 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) for vehicles entering
24186-511: The tunnel, but only briefly. In April 1930, the two states' tunnel commissions agreed to merge with the Port of New York Authority. The combined agency, a reorganized Port Authority, would build and operate the Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel. Six Port Authority board members were appointed by New Jersey Governor Larson as part of this merger. The agency would be headed by chairman John F. Galvin and vice chairman Frank C. Ferguson . In June 1930,
24360-410: The tunnel, working at an administration building on the New Jersey side. Two telephone systems were also installed within the tunnel, one for communicating with workers in the administration building and the other for contacting emergency services. The tube was used by 3,700 vehicles within the first 12 hours of its opening, and by 7,661 vehicles within the first 24 hours. The Port Authority devised
24534-410: The tunnel. The main approach road on the New Jersey side is Route 495 , a state highway running in a west–east direction within an open cut through Union City . The New Jersey approach roadway, known as the "Helix" and formerly as the "Corkscrew", turns in a three-quarters circle before arriving at the entrance to the tunnel. This is because of the steep King's Bluff ledge in Weehawken, which
24708-488: The tunnel. Although the three portals are side by side in New Jersey, the north tube portal is one block west of the other two tubes' portals in New York City. The north tube's eastern portal is near Eleventh Avenue between 38th and 39th Streets, while the center and south tubes emerge side by side at Tenth Avenue between 38th and 39th Streets. As a result, the three tubes are of different lengths. The longest tube
24882-416: The tunnel. Due to the limited capacity of the new tube, heavy trucks were temporarily banned, and a minimum speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) was imposed until a second tube could be completed. Two gasoline-electric tow trucks, dubbed as the largest of their kind, were delivered to the Lincoln Tunnel in case a vehicle broke down. Two hundred staff were hired to oversee day-to-day operations of
25056-580: The two tubes that were planned. At the time, the final properties in the tunnel's right-of-way had not yet been purchased. Plans for the New Jersey approach were filed in September 1933. Initially, the approach would curve south to Bergenline Avenue in Union City , and in future phases, the approach would be extended across The Palisades to North Bergen . On the Manhattan side, the tube approach would rise to ground level at around 39th Street east of Tenth Avenue . Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues,
25230-400: The two tunnels had cost a combined $ 80 million. Unlike for the first tube, there was no official ceremony, although three Port Authority officials drove through the second tube. The first motorist to drive through the second tube was Michael Katen, the brother of Omero C. Catan, the first motorist to drive through the original tube in 1937. Hudson County, New Jersey Hudson County
25404-405: The waterfront with New York (which claimed jurisdiction to the high water line and the granting of ferry concessions) restricted development though some urbanization took place in at Paulus Hook and Hoboken, which became a vacation spot for well-off New Yorkers. The Morris Canal , early steam railroads, and the development of the harbor stimulated further growth. In September 1840, Hudson County
25578-475: The waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway , were also built. What was to become New Jersey City University opened. Major Works Progress Administration projects included the construction of stadiums in Jersey City and Union City. Both were named for President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who attended the opening of the largest project of them all, The Jersey City Medical Center ,
25752-406: The west with Midtown Manhattan in New York City to the east. It carries New Jersey Route 495 on the New Jersey side and unsigned New York State Route 495 on the New York side. It was designed by Ole Singstad and named after Abraham Lincoln . The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths, with two traffic lanes in each tube. The center tube contains reversible lanes , while
25926-399: The westbound tunnel. On the New Jersey side, contracts were awarded for the westward extension of NJ 3 to Little Falls, New Jersey , as well as the construction of a portion of what is now US 46 . Due to wartime material shortages, further construction was delayed for the next two years. Significant progress on the second tube only resumed in late 1943. By January 1944, work on the new tube
26100-424: The western end of the Midtown Hudson Tunnel in New Jersey, the tube would curve south and then end at a portal, where there would be a toll plaza. A road would diverge to the east, then quickly turn north and then west while ascending the ledge. This loop would lead from Hudson Boulevard East at the bottom of King's Bluff to Pleasant Avenue at the top. Sandhogs , specialized construction workers, proceeded to dig
26274-595: The western towns of Harrison and Kearny but included all towns east of the Hackensack River. The bill was approved by the State legislature on April 2, 1869, and the special election was scheduled for October 5, 1869. An element of the bill provided that only contiguous towns could be consolidated. The results of the election were as follows: While a majority of the voters approved the merger, only Jersey City, Hudson and Bergen could be consolidated since they were
26448-487: Was $ 78,808, and the median family income was $ 76,019. About 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over. The 2010 United States census counted 634,266 people, 246,437 households, and 148,355 families in the county. The population density was 13,731.4 per square mile (5,301.7/km ). There were 270,335 housing units at an average density of 5,852.5 per square mile (2,259.7/km ). The racial makeup
26622-553: Was 28.49% White , 9.84% African American , 0.14% Native American , 17.02% Asian , and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 40.4% of the population. Of the 266,664 households, of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 30.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 21.3% had a male householder with no wife present and 39.73% were non-families. 68.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who
26796-441: Was 54.05% (342,792) White , 13.23% (83,925) Black or African American , 0.64% (4,081) Native American , 13.39% (84,924) Asian , 0.05% (344) Pacific Islander , 14.25% (90,373) from other races , and 4.39% (27,827) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42.23% (267,853) of the population. Of the 246,437 households, 27.6% had children under the age of 18; 37.8% were married couples living together; 16.4% had
26970-431: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.11. About 20.3% of the county's population was under age 18, 7.7% was from age 18 to 24, 47.6% was from age 15 to 44, and 12.2% was age 65 or older. The median age was 35.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 49.76% male and 50.23% female. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. The county's median household income
27144-501: Was again delayed, and in November of the same year, the Port Authority announced that the new tube would open the following February. The second tube opened at noon on February 1, 1945. The new tube was located to the north of the existing tube. The northern tube was configured to carry westbound traffic to New Jersey, while the southern tube was converted from a two-way tunnel to an eastbound-only tunnel to New York. The construction of
27318-444: Was being accelerated because the existing tube now had heavy congestion in both directions during rush hours, as opposed to the situation in mid-1942, where congestion generally only accumulated toward New York in the morning and New Jersey in the evening. At this stage, much of the second tube had been completed to the point where traffic could use it in case of an emergency, and the tube was planned to be opened that July. However, work
27492-462: Was buying real estate within the tunnel's right of way , and by April 1932, had purchased much of the real estate within the tunnel's future path. In February 1933, Herbert Lehman, now the Governor of New York, announced that his Emergency Public Works Commission would seek a $ 75 million loan for the Midtown Hudson Tunnel from the RFC. In March, after nearly a year of negotiations, the RFC announced
27666-529: Was created by separation from Bergen County and annexation of some Essex County lands, namely New Barbadoes Neck . During the 19th century, Hudson played an integral role in the Underground Railroad , with four routes converging in Jersey City. Most of Hudson County, apart from West Hudson , was part of Bergen Township , which dates back to 1661 and was formally created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of
27840-414: Was delayed due to World War II -related material shortages, and opened in 1945. Although the original plans for the Lincoln Tunnel called for two tubes, a third tube to the south of the existing tunnels was planned in 1950 due to high traffic demand on the other two tubes. The third tube started construction in 1954, with the delay attributed to disputes over tunnel approaches, and opened in 1957. Since then,
28014-462: Was established in 1804, and formed as a township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township and incorporated as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born. Weehawken was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1859, from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen . A portion of
28188-405: Was granted, the New York City government opposed any further authorizations for bus companies, since they would cause congestion in Manhattan streets. In December 1940, it was announced that a new bus terminal would be built on the Manhattan side of the Lincoln Tunnel, between Eighth Avenue, 41st Street, Ninth Avenue, and 42nd Street. Manhattan Borough President Stanley M. Isaacs proposed building
28362-501: Was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 1, 1925, replacing both Union Hill and West Hoboken Township . During the latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, Hudson experienced intense industrial, commercial and residential growth. Construction, first of ports, and later railroad terminals, in Jersey City , Bayonne , Hoboken , and Weehawken (which significantly altered
28536-660: Was incorporated as a township on April 10, 1843, by an act of the New Jersey Legislature , from Bergen Township . Portions of the township have been taken to form Hoboken Township (April 9, 1849, now the City of Hoboken ), Hudson Town (April 12, 1852, later part of Hudson City), Hudson City (April 11, 1855, later annexed by Jersey City ), Guttenberg (formed within the township on March 9, 1859, and set off as an independent municipality on April 1, 1878), Weehawken (March 15, 1859), Union Township and West Hoboken Township (both created on February 28, 1861), Union Hill town (March 29, 1864), and Secaucus (March 12, 1900). Hoboken
28710-463: Was not yet profitable: even after all toll revenues were accounted for, the Port Authority had spent a net $ 953,857 on operating the tunnel. By 1940, the tunnel was carrying 4 million vehicles annually, and by 1942, that count had increased to 4.5 million. A preliminary 1944 estimate put that year's vehicular count at 5.5 million, due to traffic increases during the war. At the time of the tube's opening, six interstate bus companies filed plans to run
28884-399: Was opened in June 1935, by which point the demolition of the 91 buildings was well underway. On the New Jersey side, there were disagreements over how to construct the approach, since Weehawken had been built on a sharp ledge called King's Bluff. In July 1935, after discussing 75 proposals for two and a half years, the Weehawken town council voted to approve a distinctive "loop" approach. At
29058-837: Was popular among motorists, leading to the proposal for the Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel in early-1928. The Weehawken–Manhattan tunnel, along with the Triborough Tunnel linking the East Side of Manhattan with the New York City borough of Queens , would help facilitate traffic to and from Midtown Manhattan . It was proposed that the two tunnels would eventually form a direct route from New Jersey to eastern Long Island via Manhattan and Queens. Another person proposed linking New Jersey and Queens directly via one continuous tunnel. By late 1928, both New York and New Jersey had elected new governors, Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York and Morgan F. Larson of New Jersey, and both supported
29232-787: Was removed from the Lincoln Tunnel In 1989. The area around the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway-Dyer Avenue corridor has been rezoned for commercial and residential development as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project and the construction of the 7 Subway Extension . The 2003 the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that calls for the creation of a network of open space between Ninth Avenue and Tenth Avenue to create
29406-403: Was revised in late 1935. Originally, the Port Authority had advertised $ 34.3 million in bonds at a 4% interest rate, with the first issue of bonds set to mature in 1975. In November, the PWA announced that it would change the $ 37.5 million loan to a $ 4.78 million grant once the Port Authority had sold the PWA $ 22.3 million in bonds. The rest of the outstanding balance, approximately $ 10.4 million,
29580-650: Was suspended in March 2020 in conjunction with restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States , and was reinstated in September as traffic reached pre-pandemic levels. The idea for a three-tube vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River , connecting Weehawken, New Jersey , with the West Side of Manhattan , New York, was first proposed by Darwin R. James in 1923. The tube's Manhattan entrance could be built at any point between 23rd and 42nd Streets, while
29754-478: Was thought that there would not be enough traffic flows to the first tube to allow for the completion of the second tube. The six-lane "loop" road, an approach to the future express highway, opened in October 1938 and extended west to Pleasant Avenue, located at the top of the King's Bluff ledge. In June 1939, the Port Authority opened the section of the express highway from Pleasant Avenue west to NJ 3. The new highway,
29928-411: Was to be bored using the shield-tunneling method , and shields would proceed from both sides at the same time. The shield on the New York side would pass through a caisson , which allowed air pressure in the tunnel to be maintained while the tube was being bored. Tunneling work would start on the New York side first because a construction shaft had already been sunk to the west of Eleventh Avenue , while
30102-418: Was to be raised privately, and the Port Authority would have raised $ 32.7 million in bonds by the time the grant was awarded. The next month, the Port Authority awarded a $ 16.5 million bond issue at 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 % interest rate. The PWA advanced the grant to the Port Authority in January 1936. In December 1935, the Port Authority advertised bids for the Weehawken entrance plaza. The plaza consisted of
30276-404: Was water (25.9%). Based on land area, it is the smallest of New Jersey's 21 counties, less than half the size of the next smallest ( Union County ) and the eighth-smallest of all counties in the United States . Hudson is located in the heart of New York metropolitan area in northeastern New Jersey . It is bordered by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay to the east; Kill Van Kull to
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