87-671: The Neustrelitz–Warnemünde Railway ( German : Neustrelitz-Warnemünder Eisenbahn ) is a railway line in the North German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Most of the line is a double-tracked, electrified main line and runs for almost 130 kilometres from Neustrelitz to Warnemünde . It is also known in German as the Lloydbahn (Lloyd Railway), referring to the Deutsch-Nordischer Lloyd company, which built
174-465: A de facto official language of Namibia after the end of German colonial rule alongside English and Afrikaans , and had de jure co-official status from 1984 until its independence from South Africa in 1990. However, the Namibian government perceived Afrikaans and German as symbols of apartheid and colonialism, and decided English would be the sole official language upon independence, stating that it
261-402: A second language , and 75–100 million as a foreign language . This would imply the existence of approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide. German sociolinguist Ulrich Ammon estimated a number of 289 million German foreign language speakers without clarifying the criteria by which he classified a speaker. As of 2012 , about 90 million people, or 16% of
348-612: A "commonly used" language and the Pan South African Language Board is obligated to promote and ensure respect for it. Cameroon was also a colony of the German Empire from the same period (1884 to 1916). However, German was replaced by French and English, the languages of the two successor colonial powers, after its loss in World War I . Nevertheless, since the 21st century, German has become
435-524: A build railway on the shortest route from Berlin to Copenhagen from Neustrelitz, the location of the court of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, via Rostock to the harbour of Warnemünde. The company would there develop the port and establish a regular boat service to a Scandinavian port. The two Mecklenburg grand duchies supported the project financially. The construction costs were estimated at 15 million marks . After two years of construction,
522-559: A greater need for regularity in written conventions. While the major changes of the MHG period were socio-cultural, High German was still undergoing significant linguistic changes in syntax, phonetics, and morphology as well (e.g. diphthongization of certain vowel sounds: hus (OHG & MHG "house") → haus (regionally in later MHG)→ Haus (NHG), and weakening of unstressed short vowels to schwa [ə]: taga (OHG "days")→ tage (MHG)). A great wealth of texts survives from
609-458: A native tongue today, mostly descendants of German colonial settlers . The period of German colonialism in Namibia also led to the evolution of a Standard German-based pidgin language called " Namibian Black German ", which became a second language for parts of the indigenous population. Although it is nearly extinct today, some older Namibians still have some knowledge of it. German remained
696-696: A popular foreign language among pupils and students, with 300,000 people learning or speaking German in Cameroon in 2010 and over 230,000 in 2020. Today Cameroon is one of the African countries outside Namibia with the highest number of people learning German. In the United States, German is the fifth most spoken language in terms of native and second language speakers after English, Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined), with over 1 million total speakers. In
783-483: A result, the surviving texts are written in highly disparate regional dialects and exhibit significant Latin influence, particularly in vocabulary. At this point monasteries, where most written works were produced, were dominated by Latin, and German saw only occasional use in official and ecclesiastical writing. While there is no complete agreement over the dates of the Middle High German (MHG) period, it
870-626: A week from Warnemunde to Berlin and Munich. Since December 2007, the InterConnex services has run via Gustrow, using one of the time slots of the RE 5, which runs on the direct route via Plaaz. In addition, the ICE service and a Berlin–Warnemünde excursion train run on this section on weekends. Additional local services operate on the Rostock–Plaaz (–Güstrow) sections (hourly on weekdays, every two hours on
957-791: Is Det Sorte Museum [The Black Museum], with elements of local geology, including Baltic amber, and occasional temporary exhibitions, such as dinosaurs. Situated in the southernmost part of Denmark on the island of Falster , Gedser is a port town on the Baltic Sea . European route E55 ( Helsingborg - Kalamata ) passes through the town. Gedser Odde is the southernmost point in Denmark. A car ferry route has operated from Gedser to Rostock in Germany since 1995, served by Scandlines . Formerly, there were also train and car ferry routes to Großenbrode (1951–1963) and Warnemünde (1903–1995) and
SECTION 10
#17327875497301044-601: Is a recognized minority language in the following countries: In France, the High German varieties of Alsatian and Moselle Franconian are identified as " regional languages ", but the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1998 has not yet been ratified by the government. Namibia also was a colony of the German Empire, from 1884 to 1915. About 30,000 people still speak German as
1131-612: Is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects , with many varieties existing in Europe and other parts of the world. Some of these non-standard varieties have become recognized and protected by regional or national governments. Since 2004, heads of state of the German-speaking countries have met every year, and the Council for German Orthography has been the main international body regulating German orthography . German
1218-558: Is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages . The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided into three branches: North Germanic , East Germanic , and West Germanic . The first of these branches survives in modern Danish , Swedish , Norwegian , Faroese , and Icelandic , all of which are descended from Old Norse . The East Germanic languages are now extinct, and Gothic
1305-478: Is called the "German Sprachraum ". German is the official language of the following countries: German is a co-official language of the following countries: Although expulsions and (forced) assimilation after the two World wars greatly diminished them, minority communities of mostly bilingual German native speakers exist in areas both adjacent to and detached from the Sprachraum. Within Europe, German
1392-430: Is complicated by the existence of several varieties whose status as separate "languages" or "dialects" is disputed for political and linguistic reasons, including quantitatively strong varieties like certain forms of Alemannic and Low German . With the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties, it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language , 10–25 million speak it as
1479-535: Is generally seen as ending when the 1346–53 Black Death decimated Europe's population. Modern High German begins with the Early New High German (ENHG) period, which Wilhelm Scherer dates 1350–1650, terminating with the end of the Thirty Years' War . This period saw the further displacement of Latin by German as the primary language of courtly proceedings and, increasingly, of literature in
1566-611: Is generally seen as lasting from 1050 to 1350. This was a period of significant expansion of the geographical territory occupied by Germanic tribes, and consequently of the number of German speakers. Whereas during the Old High German period the Germanic tribes extended only as far east as the Elbe and Saale rivers, the MHG period saw a number of these tribes expanding beyond this eastern boundary into Slavic territory (known as
1653-565: Is less closely related to languages based on Low Franconian dialects (e.g., Dutch and Afrikaans), Low German or Low Saxon dialects (spoken in northern Germany and southern Denmark ), neither of which underwent the High German consonant shift. As has been noted, the former of these dialect types is Istvaeonic and the latter Ingvaeonic, whereas the High German dialects are all Irminonic; the differences between these languages and standard German are therefore considerable. Also related to German are
1740-435: Is one of the major languages of the world . German is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language , after English, both as a first and as a second language . German is also widely taught as a foreign language , especially in continental Europe (where it is the third most taught foreign language after English and French), and in the United States. Overall, German is the fourth most commonly learned second language, and
1827-597: Is one of the three biggest newspapers in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. An estimated 12,000 people speak German or a German variety as a first language in South Africa, mostly originating from different waves of immigration during the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the largest communities consists of the speakers of "Nataler Deutsch", a variety of Low German concentrated in and around Wartburg . The South African constitution identifies German as
SECTION 20
#17327875497301914-401: Is partly derived from Latin and Greek , along with fewer words borrowed from French and Modern English . English, however, is the main source of more recent loanwords . German is a pluricentric language ; the three standardized variants are German , Austrian , and Swiss Standard German . Standard German is sometimes called High German , which refers to its regional origin. German
2001-676: Is still served; this station also serves the Müritz National Park. A bus service was established by Personenverkehr GmbH Müritz (PVM) from Waren via Kargow to Klockow. Regional-Express service (RE 5) runs every two hours on the Rostock–Güstrow–Waren–Neustrelitz–Berlin– Lutherstadt Wittenberg route. Since the completion of the reconstruction between Rostock and Lalendorf in June 2007, an Intercity-Express service has operated six times
2088-525: Is the Sachsenspiegel , the first book of laws written in Middle Low German ( c. 1220 ). The abundance and especially the secular character of the literature of the MHG period demonstrate the beginnings of a standardized written form of German, as well as the desire of poets and authors to be understood by individuals on supra-dialectal terms. The Middle High German period
2175-578: Is the only language in this branch which survives in written texts. The West Germanic languages, however, have undergone extensive dialectal subdivision and are now represented in modern languages such as English, German, Dutch , Yiddish , Afrikaans , and others. Within the West Germanic language dialect continuum, the Benrath and Uerdingen lines (running through Düsseldorf - Benrath and Krefeld - Uerdingen , respectively) serve to distinguish
2262-485: Is understood in all areas where German is spoken. Approximate distribution of native German speakers (assuming a rounded total of 95 million) worldwide: As a result of the German diaspora , as well as the popularity of German taught as a foreign language , the geographical distribution of German speakers (or "Germanophones") spans all inhabited continents. However, an exact, global number of native German speakers
2349-689: The Ostsiedlung ). With the increasing wealth and geographic spread of the Germanic groups came greater use of German in the courts of nobles as the standard language of official proceedings and literature. A clear example of this is the mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache employed in the Hohenstaufen court in Swabia as a standardized supra-dialectal written language. While these efforts were still regionally bound, German began to be used in place of Latin for certain official purposes, leading to
2436-639: The Alamanni , Bavarian, and Thuringian groups, all belonging to the Elbe Germanic group ( Irminones ), which had settled in what is now southern-central Germany and Austria between the second and sixth centuries, during the great migration. In general, the surviving texts of Old High German (OHG) show a wide range of dialectal diversity with very little written uniformity. The early written tradition of OHG survived mostly through monasteries and scriptoria as local translations of Latin originals; as
2523-568: The Czech Republic ( North Bohemia ), Poland ( Upper Silesia ), Slovakia ( Košice Region , Spiš , and Hauerland ), Denmark ( North Schleswig ), Romania and Hungary ( Sopron ). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in Brazil ( Blumenau and Pomerode ), South Africa ( Kroondal ), Namibia , among others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss German characters (e.g. Pozuzo , Peru). German
2610-537: The Early Middle Ages . German is an inflected language , with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs . The majority of its vocabulary derives from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, while a smaller share
2697-480: The European Union 's population, spoke German as their mother tongue, making it the second most widely spoken language on the continent after Russian and the second biggest language in terms of overall speakers (after English), as well as the most spoken native language. The area in central Europe where the majority of the population speaks German as a first language and has German as a (co-)official language
Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
2784-617: The European Union . It is the most widely spoken and official (or co-official) language in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol . It is also an official language of Luxembourg , Belgium and the Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , as well as a recognized national language in Namibia . There are also notable German-speaking communities in France ( Alsace ),
2871-522: The German states . While these states were still part of the Holy Roman Empire , and far from any form of unification, the desire for a cohesive written language that would be understandable across the many German-speaking principalities and kingdoms was stronger than ever. As a spoken language German remained highly fractured throughout this period, with a vast number of often mutually incomprehensible regional dialects being spoken throughout
2958-746: The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , and the other being Meißner Deutsch , used in the Electorate of Saxony in the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg . Alongside these courtly written standards, the invention of the printing press led to the development of a number of printers' languages ( Druckersprachen ) aimed at making printed material readable and understandable across as many diverse dialects of German as possible. The greater ease of production and increased availability of written texts brought about increased standardisation in
3045-498: The Nordic countries . The town has a population of 670 (1 January 2024). It is an important port town on the Baltic Sea . Gedser Church was designed by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint and dates from 1915. Gedser was the first place German troops landed during the occupation of Denmark on April 9, 1940, at 3:55 in the morning. A number of armored cars and infantry troops hid in the ferry from Warnemünde , Rostock and advanced into
3132-666: The Old High German language in several Elder Futhark inscriptions from as early as the sixth century AD (such as the Pforzen buckle ), the Old High German period is generally seen as beginning with the Abrogans (written c. 765–775 ), a Latin-German glossary supplying over 3,000 Old High German words with their Latin equivalents. After the Abrogans , the first coherent works written in Old High German appear in
3219-676: The Sprachraum in Europe. German is used in a wide variety of spheres throughout the country, especially in business, tourism, and public signage, as well as in education, churches (most notably the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) ), other cultural spheres such as music, and media (such as German language radio programs by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation ). The Allgemeine Zeitung
3306-550: The Standard German language in its written form, and the Duden Handbook was declared its standard definition. Punctuation and compound spelling (joined or isolated compounds) were not standardized in the process. The Deutsche Bühnensprache ( lit. ' German stage language ' ) by Theodor Siebs had established conventions for German pronunciation in theatres , three years earlier; however, this
3393-513: The Upper German dialects spoken in the southern German-speaking countries , such as Swiss German ( Alemannic dialects ) and the various Germanic dialects spoken in the French region of Grand Est , such as Alsatian (mainly Alemannic, but also Central–and Upper Franconian dialects) and Lorraine Franconian (Central Franconian). After these High German dialects, standard German
3480-469: The pagan Germanic tradition. Of particular interest to scholars, however, has been the Hildebrandslied , a secular epic poem telling the tale of an estranged father and son unknowingly meeting each other in battle. Linguistically, this text is highly interesting due to the mixed use of Old Saxon and Old High German dialects in its composition. The written works of this period stem mainly from
3567-533: The 113 km long section from Neustrelitz via Waren and Plaaz to Rostock was opened for freight on 1 June 1886. Passenger services commenced on 10 June. The Lloyd-Bahnhof (Lloyd station) in Rostock was built in 1896, after traffic on the entire Rostock railway had gradually built up, as the main station (originally called the Central-Bahnhof , “central station”) of the city. The remaining section of
Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
3654-657: The Belgian company Société Belge de chemins de fer ("Belgian company for railways") founded a subsidiary called the Eisenbahn- und Dampfschiffs-Actien-Gesellschaft Deutsch-Nordischer Lloyd ("German-Nordic Lloyd Railway and Steamship Company") and based in Rostock. Its concessions were granted in Mecklenburg-Schwerin on 23 June 1883 and in Mecklenburg-Strelitz on 2 August 1883. Its goal was to
3741-723: The Empire. Its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Prague (German: Prag ) and Budapest ( Buda , German: Ofen ), to name two examples, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain; others, like Pressburg ( Pozsony , now Bratislava), were originally settled during the Habsburg period and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest, Bratislava, and cities like Zagreb (German: Agram ) or Ljubljana (German: Laibach ), contained significant German minorities. In
3828-748: The Frisian languages— North Frisian (spoken in Nordfriesland ), Saterland Frisian (spoken in Saterland ), and West Frisian (spoken in Friesland )—as well as the Anglic languages of English and Scots. These Anglo-Frisian dialects did not take part in the High German consonant shift, and the Anglic languages also adopted much vocabulary from both Old Norse and the Norman language . The history of
3915-483: The German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the Migration Period , which separated Old High German dialects from Old Saxon . This sound shift involved a drastic change in the pronunciation of both voiced and voiceless stop consonants ( b , d , g , and p , t , k , respectively). The primary effects of the shift were the following below. While there is written evidence of
4002-451: The German states; the invention of the printing press c. 1440 and the publication of Luther's vernacular translation of the Bible in 1534, however, had an immense effect on standardizing German as a supra-dialectal written language. The ENHG period saw the rise of several important cross-regional forms of chancery German, one being gemeine tiutsch , used in the court of
4089-681: The Germanic dialects that were affected by the High German consonant shift (south of Benrath) from those that were not (north of Uerdingen). The various regional dialects spoken south of these lines are grouped as High German dialects, while those spoken to the north comprise the Low German and Low Franconian dialects. As members of the West Germanic language family, High German, Low German, and Low Franconian have been proposed to be further distinguished historically as Irminonic , Ingvaeonic , and Istvaeonic , respectively. This classification indicates their historical descent from dialects spoken by
4176-511: The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and it was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway ( Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn or MFFE) on 1 April 1894. Its 15 locomotives were also acquired. The importance of the railway rose sharply on 1 October 1903 with the opening of the train ferry to Gedser. From then on there were international express trains from Berlin to Copenhagen, which made
4263-655: The Irminones (also known as the Elbe group), Ingvaeones (or North Sea Germanic group), and Istvaeones (or Weser–Rhine group). Standard German is based on a combination of Thuringian - Upper Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and Upper German dialects belonging to the High German dialect group. German is therefore closely related to the other languages based on High German dialects, such as Luxembourgish (based on Central Franconian dialects ) and Yiddish . Also closely related to Standard German are
4350-594: The Lloyd station in Rostock to the port of Rostock. The operation turned out to be very profitable from the start. Thus, in 1887 around 54% of revenue covered operating expenses. As part of its general railway nationalisation policy, the Mecklenburg Government negotiated with the Lloyd Railway in 1894. Due to its high profitability, the negotiations were difficult. The whole railway was acquired by
4437-408: The MHG period. Significantly, these texts include a number of impressive secular works, such as the Nibelungenlied , an epic poem telling the story of the dragon -slayer Siegfried ( c. thirteenth century ), and the Iwein , an Arthurian verse poem by Hartmann von Aue ( c. 1203 ), lyric poems , and courtly romances such as Parzival and Tristan . Also noteworthy
SECTION 50
#17327875497304524-404: The actual Lloyd Railway via Laage. The Warnemünde–Gedser train ferry was closed on 23 September 1995. Since then, no trains have run on this line to Copenhagen. The inter-regional trains between Rostock and Berlin were replaced by Regional-Express trains in 2001. As a result, there were long-distance services until 2002, when the private InterConnex (Warnemünde–Rostock–Berlin– Leipzig ) service
4611-418: The biggest set back in its history after the Second World War with the dismantling of the section from Neustrelitz via Waren and Lalendorf to Plaaz. Trains had to detour via Neubrandenburg , Malchin and Teterow . It proved necessary to reconstruct the line, partly because of the considerable freight traffic to the newly constructed port of Rostock. The symbolic groundbreaking ceremony for the reconstruction of
4698-430: The development of non-local forms of language and exposed all speakers to forms of German from outside their own area. With Luther's rendering of the Bible in the vernacular, German asserted itself against the dominance of Latin as a legitimate language for courtly, literary, and now ecclesiastical subject-matter. His Bible was ubiquitous in the German states: nearly every household possessed a copy. Nevertheless, even with
4785-404: The dialect so as to make the work as natural and accessible to German speakers as possible. Copies of Luther's Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region, translating words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Luther said the following concerning his translation method: One who would talk German does not ask the Latin how he shall do it; he must ask the mother in
4872-435: The eastern provinces of Banat , Bukovina , and Transylvania (German: Banat, Buchenland, Siebenbürgen ), German was the predominant language not only in the larger towns—like Temeschburg ( Timișoara ), Hermannstadt ( Sibiu ), and Kronstadt ( Brașov )—but also in many smaller localities in the surrounding areas. In 1901, the Second Orthographic Conference ended with a (nearly) complete standardization of
4959-418: The first upgraded section between Rostock and Lalendorf Ost was reopened after a year of complete renovation. From June 2010 to April 2012, the Neustrelitz–Kratzeburg section was upgraded with train operations running on a single track. The section between Kratzeburg and Waren will follow. Upgrading on the line between Waren and Lalendorf has been underway since September 2012 and the train service on this section
5046-444: The following years. A financing agreement for the upgrade was settled with DB Netz in December 2002. While the work was estimated to cost a total of €685 million in 2006, the estimated cost in 2013 had risen to about €850 million. Of this, the federal government is funding €577 million, the European Regional Development Fund is funding €167 million and the rest is being funded by Deutsche Bahn from its own resources. In June 2007,
5133-400: The freight and some long-distance trains continue on the direct line via Laage . In Kavelstorf the line passes under the A19 and the A20 and the freight line to the Port of Rostock , which was built at the beginning in the 1960s, branches off. The Kavelstorf–Rostock section is the only single-track section of the line. The line crosses the Warnow shortly before Rostock. A little later
5220-443: The harbor as soon as the ship docked, soon after followed by another ferry. Until January 1, 2007, Gedser was a parish of the former municipality of Sydfalster (seat : Væggerløse ) in Storstrøm County . In the Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007) that municipality merged with Nykøbing Falster , Nysted , Nørre Alslev , Sakskøbing and Stubbekøbing to form Guldborgsund Municipality . The local museum
5307-435: The home, the children on the streets, the common man in the market-place and note carefully how they talk, then translate accordingly. They will then understand what is said to them because it is German. When Christ says ' ex abundantia cordis os loquitur ,' I would translate, if I followed the papists, aus dem Überflusz des Herzens redet der Mund . But tell me is this talking German? What German understands such stuff? No,
SECTION 60
#17327875497305394-417: The influence of Luther's Bible as an unofficial written standard, a widely accepted standard for written German did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century. German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire , which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe . Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of
5481-423: The largest concentrations of German speakers are in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (where Riograndenser Hunsrückisch developed), Santa Catarina , and Espírito Santo . Gedser Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in the Guldborgsund Municipality in Sjælland region. It is the southernmost town in Denmark , and also the southernmost point of Scandinavia and
5568-463: The line and operated it in its early years after its opening in 1886. The Lloyd Railway begins in Neustrelitz Hauptbahnhof as a continuation of the Berlin Northern Railway . After the junction with the line to Stralsund , it turns to the northwest and passes through the Müritz National Park to Waren . The line has changed considerably with the upgrade of many sections of the line around 1960. The original line up to Kratzeburg ran significantly to
5655-501: The line connects with the line from Güstrow . Traffic on the Rostock Hauptbahnhof – Warnemünde section is significant, especially for the Rostock S-Bahn . The first proposals for a branch line from the planned Prussian line from Berlin via Neubrandenburg to Stralsund (the Berlin Northern Railway ) via Neustrelitz to Rostock emerged in 1873. However, the financing of the project was difficult, so it took about ten years for it to be built and for operations to begin. On 10 June 1883,
5742-409: The line to Warnemünde, which was 13 kilometres long, was opened on 1 July 1886. On the same day the steamship line from Warnemünde to Gjedser (now Gedser ) on the Danish island of Falster was put into operation. The Nykøbing –Gedser railway was also opened. Thus, the travel time between Berlin and Copenhagen was shortened from about 17 to 12 hours. In 1889, the Lloyd Railway opened a port railway from
5829-430: The line took place in Kratzeburg on 27 November 1959, but reconstruction had already begun between Langhagen and Lalendorf on 15 March. Eleven days later, the first gravel train ran from Langhagen to Rostock. The line between Neustrelitz and Lalendorf was reopened in 1961. Many sections of the line were realigned, resulting in significant relocations of the line, especially between Neustrelitz and Kratzeburg. In 1964, this
5916-402: The mother in the home and the plain man would say, Wesz das Herz voll ist, des gehet der Mund über . Luther's translation of the Bible into High German was also decisive for the German language and its evolution from Early New High German to modern Standard German. The publication of Luther's Bible was a decisive moment in the spread of literacy in early modern Germany , and promoted
6003-423: The ninth century, chief among them being the Muspilli , Merseburg charms , and Hildebrandslied , and other religious texts (the Georgslied , Ludwigslied , Evangelienbuch , and translated hymns and prayers). The Muspilli is a Christian poem written in a Bavarian dialect offering an account of the soul after the Last Judgment , and the Merseburg charms are transcriptions of spells and charms from
6090-462: The pronunciation of the ending -ig as [ɪk] instead of [ɪç]. In Northern Germany, High German was a foreign language to most inhabitants, whose native dialects were subsets of Low German. It was usually encountered only in writing or formal speech; in fact, most of High German was a written language, not identical to any spoken dialect, throughout the German-speaking area until well into the 19th century. However, wider standardization of pronunciation
6177-471: The railway the most important link between the capital and Scandinavia. At this time, the MFFE opened a 1.2-kilometre route from the former Warnemünde station, which subsequently became a goods station, to the new Warnemünde station, directly next to the ferry wharf. On 29 December 1941, Wehrmacht train W 96 031 ran into two locomotives at the station Langhagen due to incorrectly set points . 27 people were killed and 33 more were injured. The line suffered
6264-553: The situation before the start of the work. Waren (Müritz) station will not be rehabilitated until 2018, including changes to the overhead line and the tracks. German language German (German: Deutsch , pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family , mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe . It is the most spoken native language within
6351-716: The south of the current route. In Kargow there is the junction with the Waren (Müritz)–Neubrandenburg railway , which was dismantled after the Second World War for reparations . It was rebuilt to Möllenhagen and is still used for the transport of concrete. In Waren (Müritz) there are junctions with the branch to Malchin and the branch to Karow . East of Lalendorf , the line crosses the Neubrandenburg–Güstrow railway . A connecting curve runs to Lalendorf station . The Regional-Express trains turn off to Lalendorf, but
6438-546: The states of North Dakota and South Dakota , German is the most common language spoken at home after English. As a legacy of significant German immigration to the country , German geographical names can be found throughout the Midwest region , such as New Ulm and Bismarck (North Dakota's state capital), plus many other regions. A number of German varieties have developed in the country and are still spoken today, such as Pennsylvania Dutch and Texas German . In Brazil,
6525-500: The third most commonly learned second language in the United States in K-12 education. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. It is the second most commonly used language in science and the third most widely used language on websites . The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one-tenth of all books (including e-books) in
6612-500: The weekend excursion train to/from Berlin. The Berlin–Rostock is being upgraded as part of an investment program on the existing network for speeds of generally 160 km/h and higher axle loads of up to 25 tonnes. It is being equipped with the European Train Control System with a total of 13 electronic interlockings . Most work was expected to be completed by 2013 and the remaining work will take place in
6699-653: The weekend, as part of the Rostock S-Bahn) and (Ludwiglust–) Waren–Neustrelitz (operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn ). Apart from the Rostock S-Bahn, several services run between Rostock and Warnemünde: the ICE service to Munich, the Interconnex service, an Intercity service on the Warnemünde– Magdeburg –Leipzig– Dresden route (on weekends from March to October and daily from June to August) and
6786-555: The world being published in German. German is most closely related to other West Germanic languages, namely Afrikaans , Dutch , English , the Frisian languages , and Scots . It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group , such as Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish . Modern German gradually developed from Old High German , which in turn developed from Proto-Germanic during
6873-600: The written form of German. One of the central events in the development of ENHG was the publication of Luther's translation of the Bible into High German (the New Testament was published in 1522; the Old Testament was published in parts and completed in 1534). Luther based his translation primarily on the Meißner Deutsch of Saxony , spending much time among the population of Saxony researching
6960-429: Was a "neutral" language as there were virtually no English native speakers in Namibia at that time. German, Afrikaans, and several indigenous languages thus became "national languages" by law, identifying them as elements of the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring that the state acknowledged and supported their presence in the country. Today, Namibia is considered to be the only German-speaking country outside of
7047-547: Was an artificial standard that did not correspond to any traditional spoken dialect. Rather, it was based on the pronunciation of German in Northern Germany, although it was subsequently regarded often as a general prescriptive norm, despite differing pronunciation traditions especially in the Upper-German-speaking regions that still characterise the dialect of the area today – especially
7134-534: Was closed from 10 September 2012 to 26 April 2013 for this work. As part of the upgrade, the platform in Kratzeburg station is being extended and in future it will be served by the Rostock–Berlin Regional-Express services. Langhagen station is being reactivated for passenger services. The traveling time of Regional-Express services between Neustrelitz and Rostock has not been reduced compared to
7221-511: Was double-tracked and extended to Warnemünde Werft in 1974. The old route through Schmarl was abandoned. Also in the mid-1970s, the line was moved in the town of Waren and a section of the old town was demolished. In the 1970s, the line was duplicated, with the exception of the section between Rostock and Kavelstorf. The line was electrified in 1984/1985 in several sections starting from Neustrelitz. Electric services started on 19 May 1985, running initially via Güstrow and, from 15 December 1985, over
7308-492: Was established on the basis of public speaking in theatres and the media during the 20th century and documented in pronouncing dictionaries. Official revisions of some of the rules from 1901 were not issued until the controversial German orthography reform of 1996 was made the official standard by governments of all German-speaking countries. Media and written works are now almost all produced in Standard German which
7395-647: Was followed by new alignments between Lalendorf Ost and Plaaz (on a new route bypassing Lalendorf station) and between Kavelstorf and the port of Rostock. Architectural evidence of the reconstruction are the characteristic single-storey station building in Scharstorf, Subzin-Liessow, Langhagen, Grabowhöfe, Klockow, Kratzeburg and Adamsdorf. Another major railway accident occurred in Langhagen station on 1 November 1964. 44 people were killed and 70 more were injured, some seriously, when an express train from Berlin, which
7482-498: Was introduced. It was also served by an overnight train from Binz to Cologne and Munich from 2003 to October 2007. The Regionalbahn service between Güstrow and Waren was abandoned in 1999 and since then the stations in Langhagen, Vollrathsruhe and Grabowhöfe have not been served by passenger services. On 19 September 2011, the stations in Kargow and Klockow were closed, so that between Waren and Neustrelitz only Kratzeburg station
7569-515: Was traveling towards Rostock, ran into a derailed freight train. The line was relocated between Evershagen and Warnemünde Werft in 1974. First, in 1970, a branch line was opened on 12 July 1970 from Bramow to the temporary station of Lütten Klein Süd, which used the route of the line's former second track to Evershagen station. In preparation for the establishment of the Rostock S-Bahn , the line
#729270