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46-896: Lukavac covers an area of 352,66 km2. It shares borders with the cities and municipalities of: Tuzla , Živinice , Banovići , Zavidovići , Maglaj , Petrovo , Gračanica and Srebrenik . Apart from the urban centre, the city comprises the following villages: Babice Donje • Babice Gornje • Berkovica • Bikodže • Bistarac Donji • Bistarac Gornji • Bokavići • Borice • Brijesnica Donja • Brijesnica Gornja • Caparde • Cerik • Crveno Brdo • Devetak • Dobošnica • Gnojnica • Huskići • Jaruške Donje • Jaruške Gornje • Kalajevo • Komari • Krtova • Kruševica • Lukavac • Lukavac Gornji • Mičijevići • Milino Selo • Modrac • Orahovica • Poljice • Prline • Prokosovići • Puračić • Smoluća Donja • Smoluća Gornja • Semići • Sižje • Stupari • Šikulje • Tabaci • Tumare • Turija • Vasiljevci • Vijenac In 1971,

92-480: A salt lake in its centre. The ancient Pannonian Sea dried up around 10 million years ago, but work by researchers and scientists has now enabled a level of saline water to be kept stable at the surface, and in 2003 the Pannonian Lake was opened. A second lake that includes artificial waterfalls was inaugurated in 2008. An archaeological park and replica Neolithic lake dwellings were also incorporated into

138-713: A major industrial and cultural centre during the Communist period in the former Yugoslavia . In the 1990 elections the Reformists won control of the municipality being the only municipality in Bosnia where non-nationalists won. During the Bosnian War of Independence between 1992 and 1995 the town was the only municipality not governed by the SDA party -led authorities. After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence and

184-580: A temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) with warm summers which have 100.6 days annually with maximum temperature above 25 °C (77 °F) 36.3 days above 30 °C (86 °F). Tuzla has cold and chilly winters, with 85.8 days having minimum temperature below 0 °C (32 °F), as well as 14.9 days in which the maximum temperature is also below freezing. There are 38.7 days per year with thunder and 2.1 days with hail , both of them being more common in spring and summer than other seasons. The highest recorded temperature

230-964: Is FK Radnički Lukavac . There is also the Aikido Club "GARD" Lukavac [1] . The city's karate club (previously known as KK Reweus) has achieved top honours in worldwide karate competitions, and has produced some of the best karate champions in the region. Members of the club regularly represent Bosnia and Herzegovina's national team in world championships. Lukavac is twinned with: [REDACTED]   Una-Sana [REDACTED]   Central Bosnia [REDACTED]   Posavina [REDACTED]   Herzegovina-Neretva [REDACTED]   Tuzla [REDACTED]   West Herzegovina [REDACTED]   Zenica-Doboj [REDACTED]   Sarajevo [REDACTED]   Bosnian Podrinje [REDACTED]   Canton 10 Tuzla Tuzla ( Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic : Тузла , Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [tûzla] )

276-481: Is 237 metres (778 feet) above sea level . The climate is moderate continental . There are abundant coal deposits in the region around Tuzla. 6 coal mines continue to operate around the city. Much of the coal mined in the area is used to power the Tuzla Thermal Power Plant , which is the largest power plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Extractions of the city's salt deposits, particularly in

322-628: Is 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) on 22 July 2007. Tuzla is the seat of the Tuzla Canton , which is a canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , as well as of Tuzla Municipality, which is one of the 13 municipalities that together constitute the Tuzla Canton. Administratively, Tuzla is divided into 39 mjesne zajednice (local districts). Apart from Tuzla, the municipality incorporates several other adjacent settlements, including

368-750: Is economically strongest region in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city and canton generate more than 37% of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian GDP. The economy of Sarajevo Canton is slowly growing better, although it has been severely weakened by the Siege of Sarajevo and is still drastically weaker than it used to be during Yugoslav period. The employment rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 45.5% officially; however, grey economy may reduce actual unemployment to between 25 and 30%, while in Sarajevo

414-522: Is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo , also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Canton represents the metro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population is Bosniak (83.8%). The history of Sarajevo dates back to Neolithic times, when

460-414: Is the third-largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the administrative center of Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . As of 2013, it has a population of 110,979 inhabitants. Tuzla is the economic, cultural, educational, health and tourist centre of northeast Bosnia. It is an educational center and is home to two universities. It is also the main industrial machine and one of

506-463: Is the oldest theatre in the country. The theatre is working continuously since 1944. The Portrait Gallery has continuous exhibitions of work by local and international artists. The Ismet Mujezinović Gallery is mainly dedicated to Ismet Mujezinović, a painter from Tuzla. The Eastern Bosnia Museum exhibits archaeological, ethnological, historical and artistic pieces and artifacts from the whole region. An open-air museum at Solni Trg , opened in 2004, tells

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552-643: The Butmir culture made its mountains and hills their home. In ancient times, the Sarajevo area (Canton) was occupied by the Illyrians . The local tribe, the Daesitates, controlled most of the area. They were a warlike bunch and the last Illyrian tribe to resist Roman rule, which finally came in AD  9. Under Roman rule, many roads were constructed in the region, as well as a city on top of modern-day Ilidža . During

598-769: The Croatian Home Guard . Tuzla was among the first areas in Europe to be liberated, when Tito's Yugoslav Partisans freed it from the German occupiers on 2 October 1943. Many members of the Legion deserted to the Partisans at this time. In December 1944, the city was unsuccessfully attacked by Chetnik forces of Draža Mihailović along with the Serbian State Guard . After the war it developed into

644-887: The FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017. On 1 September 2007, 6,980 couples kissed for 10 seconds in Tuzla, erasing the previous Guinness World kissing Records of the Philippines and Hungary (for synchronised osculation in 2004 with 5,327 Filipino couples, overtaken by Hungary in 2005 with 5,875 couples; Filipinos came back in February 2010 with 6,124 couples but the Hungarians responded in June 2010 with 6,613 couples). The record now awaits official certification. On 26 September 2008, Tuzla began offering free wireless internet access in

690-536: The Ottoman Empire . In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tuzla is also regarded as one of the most multicultural cities in the country and has managed to keep the pluralist character of the city throughout the Bosnian War and after, with Bosniaks , Serbs , Croats and a small minority of Bosnian Jews residing in Tuzla. The name Tuzla is the Ottoman Turkish word for salt mine, tuzla , and refers to

736-604: The Tušanj City Stadium . OKK Sloboda basketball club and RK Sloboda handball club play their home games in the Mejdan Sports Arena which has a seating capacity of 4,900. Jedinstvo Tuzla is the female counterpart to Sloboda. The women's basketball team Jedinstvo Aida won the FIBA Women's European Champions Cup , with the most famous sportswoman from Tuzla, Razija Mujanović . She was inducted to

782-770: The Yugoslav Wars in the early 1990s. The Sarajevo Canton was a result of this warfare, created by the Washington Accords in 1994, and its boundaries defined by the Dayton Accords in 1995. Like all Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , the head of the Sarajevo Canton is called the Prime Minister . The current Prime Minister is Nihad Uk (since 24 March 2023). Like many other heads of executive branches of government in

828-599: The canton government building, and later the building itself. Recent years have seen economic growth as well as increases in tourism. Tuzla is located in the northeastern part of Bosnia, settled just underneath the Majevica mountain range, on the Jala River. The central zone lies in an east–west oriented plain, with residential areas in the north and south of the city located on the Ilinčica, Kicelj and Gradina Hills. It

874-459: The sevdalinka and ilahija. Self-taught people, mostly in two or three members of the different choices of old instruments, mostly in the violin, sacking, saz , drums, flutes ( zurle ) or wooden flute, as others have already called, the original performers of Bosnian music that can not be written notes, transmitted by ear from generation to generation, family is usually hereditary. It is thought to be brought from Persia-Kalesi tribe that settled in

920-414: The 20th century, have caused sections of the city center to sink. Structures in the "sinking area" either collapsed or were demolished, and there are few structures in the city that predate the 20th century, despite the fact that the city was founded over 1000 years ago. In the northeastern part of the town is an area known as Solina , named after the salt deposits. Tuzla is the only city in Europe that has

966-478: The Bosnian Festival Original music. Studio Kemix firm Dzemal Dzihanovic from Živinice together with his artists brought this kind of music to perfection at the end 20th century. With its entirely new form of modernity, it is most common in the Tuzla Canton and the cradle of this music city Živinice was named Bosnian town of original music. Songs are performed preferably in a diphthong ,

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1012-537: The Canton are built predominantly on the hills at the foot of these mountains, and the fields in between them. The most significant of these is the Sarajevo field, a small depression upon which the bulk of the city is built upon. The Miljacka river passes through the Canton. Vrelo Bosne , the source of the Bosna River , is found in Sarajevo Canton and is the source of water for most residents of Sarajevo. Sarajevo

1058-587: The Middle Ages, the area of Sarajevo Canton was a key part of the Bosnian Kingdom. The toponym Vrhbosna existed somewhere in the region and was one of the notable settlements at the time. True development of the region came after the Ottoman conquest when local Muslim noble Isa-Beg Isaković established the roots of the modern city of Sarajevo , between 1461 and 1463. The region grew along with

1104-479: The area of present Sprecanski valleys and hence probably the name Kalesija. In this part of Bosnia it is the most common. Again, it became the leader of First World War onwards, as well as 60 years in the field Sprecanski doline. This kind of music was enjoyed by all three peoples in Bosnia, Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs, and it contributed a lot to reconcile people socializing, entertainment and other organizations through festivala. In Kalesija it's maintained each year with

1150-549: The city center. On 7 May 2010, Tuzla tried to break the World Record for the world's largest mass waltz dance. It is estimated that over 1,521 couples danced together on the main city square. Sarajevo Canton The Sarajevo Canton , officially the Canton of Sarajevo ( Bosnian : Kanton Sarajevo ; Croatian : Sarajevska županija ; Serbian : Сарајевски кантон , romanized :  Sarajevski kanton ),

1196-515: The city is the largest in Bosnia and Herzegovina , it is also one of the most populous Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina . According to the 2013 population census, the overall population of Sarajevo Canton is 413.593. 84% of population are ethnic Bosniaks, 4,2% Croats, and 3,2% Serbs. The population density of Sarajevo Canton is some 350 people per km . 15.8% of the Canton's population are youth up to 14 years of age, 67.8% are between 15 and 64 years of age, and some 16.4% are over 65 years of age. Of

1242-580: The city's present name means "place of salt" in Ottoman Turkish . During the Middle Ages it belonged mostly to the medieval Kingdom of Bosnia . After the fall of the kingdom to the Ottoman Empire in 1463, the region was controlled by the House of Berislavić before the Ottomans occupied the villages of "Gornje Soli" and "Donje Soli" around 1512, and took control of the entire Usora in the 1530s. It remained under Ottoman rule for nearly 400 years, where it

1288-467: The city, which quickly, after Istanbul, became the most important in the Balkans. Later rule by Austria-Hungary modernized and westernized the region. Under Yugoslavia , there was major development of the area, which more than tripled in size. Because of its ideal geographical location in between mountains, Sarajevo was chosen to host the 1984 Winter Olympics . Much of this progress was offset however by

1334-421: The extensive salt deposits found underneath the city, mined for export as a large source of Ottoman tax revenue. Leveraging on their shared name, the city is twinned with Tuzla , a suburb of Istanbul , Turkey . Archaeological evidence suggests that Tuzla was a rich Neolithic settlement. Being inhabited continuously for more than 6,000 years, Tuzla is one of the oldest European sustained settlements. During

1380-588: The first and second voice which is a special secret performance of this music and some performers sing in troglasju as they do Kalesijski triple that was recorded in 1968, as the first written record of the tone on the album, along with Higurashi no naku. Founded in 1927, the Workers Sports Society Sloboda became the first sporting organization in Tuzla. It has 14 member clubs. The city is home to two football clubs, FK Sloboda and FK Tuzla City . Both teams play their home games at

1426-444: The leading economic strongholds of the country with a wide and varied industrial sector including an expanding service sector thanks to its salt lake tourism . The city of Tuzla is home to Europe 's only salt lake as part of its central park and has more than 350,000 people visiting its shores every year. The history of the city goes back to the 9th century; modern Tuzla dates back to 1510 when it became an important garrison town in

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1472-585: The most influential writers in the Balkans, Meša Selimović hails from Tuzla, and Tuzla hosts an annual book festival in July, where the "Meša Selimović award" for the best novel written in the languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia , Serbia and Montenegro is presented. The first professional theatre in Tuzla, the Tuzla National Theatre, was founded by the brothers Mihajlo and Živko Crnogorčević in 1898 during Austro-Hungarian rule , and

1518-521: The official unemployment rate is around 15% of the labour force. Major industries in the region include tourism, food processing, manufacturing and IT. Several major Bosnian companies are based in the Canton such as Bosnalijek and Bosna Bank International . The area also holds the country footholds of numerous foreign corporations, such as Coca-Cola , Raiffeisen Bank International , Ziraat Bank , Al Jazeera , Volkswagen , among many others. The Sarajevo Canton contains Sarajevo and its metro area. Since

1564-578: The period of the Roman Republic (before the area was conquered by Rome ), Tuzla (or Salines as it was called at the time) was ruled by the Illyrian tribe Breuci . The city was first mentioned in 950 by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his De Administrando Imperio as a fort named Salines ( Greek : Σαλήνες ). The name Soli was used in the Middle Ages. It means " salts " in Bosnian and

1610-466: The population being Orthodox , 3.6% of people belong to other religions, and 3.9% of people are not religious. Bosnian roots music came from Middle Bosnia , Posavina , the Drina valley and Kalesija . It is usually performed by singers with two violinists and a šargija player. These bands first appeared around World War I and became popular in the 1960s. This is the third oldest music following after

1656-486: The population of Lukavac was 51,781, made up of: In the 1991 census, Lukavac municipality had 56,830 residents: In the 2013 census the municipality of Lukavac had 44,520 residents: Lukavac has a strong chemical industry, like the whole Tuzla Canton . The main factories are Soda Lukavac, member of the Turkish Şişecam group and Fabrika Cementa Lukavac — FCL (The Lukavac Cement Factory). The city's football club

1702-431: The same name in Bosnia and Herzegovina (i.e. Ilidža is part of Ilidža Municipality) whose governments are the de facto city government as their jurisdiction covers the city and all major suburbs. The Sarajevo Canton has a typical Bosnian geography. It is located close to the geometric center of the country, and contains numerous mountains, including Bjelašnica , Igman , Jahorina, Trebević , and Treskavica . The cities of

1748-571: The scheme, providing information about the different cultures which left their material and spiritual mark here. The site has become an international tourist destination. A third lake was completed in August 2012. Construction expenses for this were nearly 2 million Bosnian marks (ca. 1 million euros). This third lake also contains 2 water slides which are an attraction for the younger population. The summer season of 2013 recorded approximately 5,000 visitors per day (c. 450,000 for 3 months). Tuzla has

1794-446: The story of salt production in Tuzla. Apart from Tuzla's many mosques, there is also an Orthodox church that went untouched throughout the war. The Franciscan monastery of “St. Peter and Paul” in town is still very active as there is a sizable Catholic community in Tuzla. The church of St.Francis (sv. Franjo) which had been demolished after being hit by a landslide in 1987 is being rebuilt since 2011 and should open by 2019. Just outside

1840-673: The town of Gornja Tuzla ( Upper Tuzla ), as well as the villages of Husino, Par Selo, Simin Han , Obodnica, Kamenjaši, Plane, Šići and others. The current mayor of Tuzla is Zijad Lugavić , of the Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH). He succeeded long-time mayor Jasmin Imamović in 2022. The City council of Tuzla has 30 members, of the following parties: Demographics in Tuzla municipality: Total: 107,293 Total: 121,717 Total: 131,618 Total: 110,979 Source: One of

1886-543: The town, in the nearby village of Breska, is a 200-year-old Catholic church. Tuzla is also home to an old Jewish cemetery which recently underwent renovations, organized by the OPEN Organization of Tuzla and the Jewish Municipality of Tuzla. According to the 2013 census , most of the citizens living in Tuzla are Muslims , to be precise 75.4%, with Catholics accounting for 13.7%, while 3.3% of

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1932-525: The world, the Prime Minister has a cabinet which helps him go about his duties. The Sarajevo Canton also has ministries, services, and agencies to help in the running of the region. The Canton is split into 9 municipalities. They are all based on the major settlements in their region, except for Sarajevo, whose size and status as capital city gives it four separate municipalities and its own separate city government. Major cities are in municipalities of

1978-518: Was administered as part of the Sanjak of Zvornik . In 1878 it was occupied by Austria-Hungary . After the dissolution of the monarchy it became the part of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia . The Husino uprising took place in 1920. During the Second World War , Tuzla was included in the puppet Independent State of Croatia and controlled by the mainly Muslim Hadžiefendić Legion of

2024-663: Was recognized by the United Nations the city was besieged by Serbian forces . A few days later Serbian forces attacked Tuzla. The town was not spared the atrocities of the Bosnian War. Early in the war, troops of the 92nd Motorised Brigade of the Yugoslav People's Army were ambushed by units of Bosnia's Territorial Defence Force , while attempting to withdraw from the city. During the incident, an estimated 92–200 Yugoslav troops were killed, and 33 wounded. It

2070-589: Was regarded as a war crime. On 25 May 1995, an attack on Tuzla killed 71 people and injured 200 persons in what is referred to as the Tuzla massacre , when shells fired from Serb's positions on the Ozren mountain (130 mm towed field gun M-46 ) hit the central street and its promenade. The youngest civilian who died in that massacre was only two years old. Following the Dayton Peace Accords , Tuzla

2116-507: Was the headquarters of the U.S. forces for the Multinational Division (MND) during Operation Joint Endeavour IFOR and subsequent SFOR . In February 2014, the city was the scene of the beginning of the 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina , which quickly spread to dozens of cities and towns throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. After a couple of days of calm protests, people lost patience and started burning cars in front of

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