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55-472: Several orchestras were precursor ensembles to the current OSM. One such orchestra was formed in 1897, which lasted ten years, and another was established in 1930, which lasted eleven. The current orchestra directly traces its roots back to 1934, when Wilfrid Pelletier formed an ensemble called Les Concerts Symphoniques . This ensemble gave its first concert January 14, 1935, under conductor Rosario Bourdon . The orchestra acquired its current name in 1954. In

110-758: A grant to pursue studies in Europe. In October 1916, Pelletier and his wife arrived in Paris, France in the midst of World War I and the outbreak of a major flu epidemic. Undaunted, the couple remained until circumstances related to the war forced them to leave at the end of June 1917. Although only in France for roughly nine months, Pelletier's time there was well spent under the tutelage of Isidor Philipp (piano), Marcel Samuel-Rousseau (harmony), Charles-Marie Widor (composition), and most importantly Camille Bellaigue who gave him singing lessons and worked with him in learning

165-536: A guest conductor in 2002, he apologised for his earlier behaviour.) Conducting dates opened up after Frühbeck de Burgos' departure, and one of the slots went to Charles Dutoit . Dutoit subsequently became music director of the OSM in 1977. Dutoit had struck a friendship with the London/Decca records producer Ray Minshull, which led to a twenty-year recording partnership with Decca/London. During this period, Dutoit and

220-505: A non-official language as their mother tongue, 0.4% reported both English and French as their first language, and 0.3% reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples comprised 68.5% of the population, and visible minorities contributed 1.9%. The largest visible minority groups in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean are Black (0.9%), Arab (0.3%), and Filipino (0.3%). In 2021, 72.2% of

275-607: A population of 14,139; Kativik has a land area of 443,372.20 square kilometres (171,186.96 sq mi) and a population of 12,090. The most populous community overall is the town of Chibougamau in Jamésie. The most populous community in Eeyou Istchee is Chisasibi , while the most populous community in Kativik is Kuujjuaq . The administrative structure of Nord-du-Québec is divided between three equivalent territories to

330-496: A regional municipality: Kativik , Eeyou Istchee , and Jamésie . At the local level exists five municipalities: The towns of Chibougamau (the largest town in this region), Chapais , Lebel-sur-Quévillon , and Matagami , and the special municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay , which was formerly the local municipality of Baie-James before a 2012 restructure of the government. Kativik offers regional services to its 14 northern villages and associated Inuit reserved lands as well as

385-626: A small body of work, most notably In the Dark, in the Dew (published in Boston, 1923) which soprano Maria Jeritza included in a number of her recitals. He was married three times in his life, notably to opera singers Queena Mario and Rose Bampton . Born in Montreal , Pelletier was the son of a baker who in his spare time performed actively as an amateur musician and conducted a community concert band. At

440-520: A way to go to Europe. Lack of finances prevented him from pursuing this course of action, and he continued his studies in his native city with Alexis Contant (harmony and composition), Alfred La Liberté (piano), and Rodolphe Mathieu (piano). His teachers encouraged him to enter the Prix d'Europe competition which he lost in 1914 but won in 1915. This competition win led to the Quebec government giving him

495-412: Is 29.8, as opposed to 41.6 for all of Canada. It is the youngest region of Québec. Most residents (58.7%) spoke Indigenous languages as their mother tongue. The Cree-Innu languages were the mother tongue of 31.7%, followed by Inuktitut at 26.9%. From Canada's official languages, French was the mother tongue of 29.9% of residents in 2021, while English was for 6.6%. 3.0% reported both English and

550-655: Is a limited network of roads in the Jamésie region which reaches most of the few, small communities. Most were constructed as part of the James Bay Project . The "main road" of the region is the 620 kilometres (390 mi) long James Bay Road , a paved (albeit remote) extension of Route 109 from Matagami to Radisson . The 407 kilometres (253 mi) long gravel Route du Nord connects the James Bay Road to Route 167 near Chibougamau . The 666 kilometres (414 mi) gravel Trans-Taiga Road branches off

605-642: Is the largest, but the least populous, of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec , Canada . Spread over nearly 14 degrees of latitude, north of the 49th parallel, the region covers 860,692 km (332,315 sq mi) on the Labrador Peninsula , or just over half of the province's total land area. Nord-du-Québec possesses 3,644 archaeological sites known and listed by the Ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine (MCCCF), along La Grande Rivière basin,

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660-587: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Nord-du-Québec region had a population of 45,740 living in 14,543 of its 17,325 total private dwellings, a change of +2.6% from its 2016 population of 44,561. With a land area of 707,306.52 km (273,092.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.1/km (0.2/sq mi) in 2021. If the region were its own province, it would be larger than all other Canadian provinces except for Ontario and British Columbia . The median age

715-661: The Conservatoire de Paris . On 29 May 1942 The Conservatory Act ('Loi du conservatoire') was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Quebec which allocated a $ 30,000 budget to form the conservatoire. Pelletier and Champagne, who was appointed the conservatoire's assistant director, were largely responsible for recruiting a highly impressive international staff of teachers. The CMQM opened its doors in January 1943 with its first round of courses which were held at

770-505: The Conservatoire de musique de Montréal (CMQM), in 1943. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Canadian composer Claude Champagne had put together a large report on music education that was sponsored by the Quebec government. The report closely examined music education in Europe as well as in Canada and plans were soon formed to establish a network of state-subsidized school which would be modeled after European conservatories, particularly

825-528: The Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal . He also served as the first director of the CMDAQ's second school, the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Québec , from 1944 to 1946, and was instrumental in establishing the Conservatoire d'art dramatique du Québec à Montréal in 1954. As a pianist, Pelletier was active during the 1920s and 1930s as one half of a piano duo with partner Arthur Loesser ,

880-646: The Grand Council of the Crees speaks of "Eeyou Istchee", they refer to a much larger and contiguous traditional territory and homeland that covers much of Jamésie. Jamésie, extending from the eastern shore of James Bay to the Otish Mountains of the Laurentian Plateau , is mainly boreal forest . Eeyou Istchee is largely enclaved within Jamésie, although one of its communities is slightly to

935-651: The Otish Mountains sector and in the coastal areas of Quaqtaq , near Ungava Bay . These sites are mostly of First Nations origin and bear witness to several thousands of years of occupation of the territory of the Cree and Inuit ancestors of the region. Before 1912, the northernmost part of this region was part of the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories , and until 1987 it

990-620: The Saint-Sulpice Library . Under their leadership, the school gained a high reputation for the quality of its education. In 1956 the two men oversaw the moving of the school to better facilities on Saint Catherine Street . Pelletier was succeeded in the role of director by Roland Leduc in 1961 after 18 years on the job. He also served as the first director of the CMDAQ's second school, the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Québec , from 1944 until 1946 when Henri Gagnon succeeded him. Pelletier and his wife both decided to leave

1045-684: The Scotti Opera Company where he worked under conductors Gennaro Papi and Carlo Peroni . With this company he conducted his first complete opera performance, Giuseppe Verdi 's Il trovatore on 21 May 1920 in Memphis, Tennessee . In 1922, he conducted operas for the Ravinia Park Opera Company of Chicago, the San Francisco Opera , and on 19 February of that year he conducted for the first time at

1100-630: The 1940s, Pelletier made several opera recordings at the request of the National Committee for Music Appreciation in New York with artists from the Metropolitan Opera. These gramophone records (78-rpm albums) were abridged versions of popular operas like Aida , La Bohème , Carmen , Faust , I Pagliacci , Madama Butterfly , Rigoletto , and La traviata among others. The recordings were originally released by

1155-549: The Béique and David families of Montreal in establishing a new orchestra in his native city. He initially rejected the offer, still having a somewhat critical attitude towards the state of the arts in Canada. However, he was later persuaded by his father, who reminded him of the support of the Quebec government earlier in his life, to have pride in his country and do what he could in service to it. He accordingly returned to Montreal and began putting together what would eventually become

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1210-664: The French operatic repertoire on the piano. In July 1917, the Pelletiers arrived in New York City where they were befriended by conductor Pierre Monteux who introduced them to important people in the musical social circles of the city. These connections led to his being hired at the Metropolitan Opera as a rehearsal pianist for the company's French opera productions, a position he maintained until 1922 when he

1265-484: The James Bay Road to Caniapiscau , the northernmost connecting road in eastern North America. The few provincial routes are concentrated in the far south of the region, including Route 109 to Matagami, Route 113 , which ends near Chibougamau, and Route 167 to Mistissini . There are no roads to Nunavik from the south. There are isolated roads in and around villages, as well as an isolated road running from Raglan Mine to Deception Bay, connecting to Salluit . Access

1320-576: The MSO in addition to featuring other Canadian ensembles and musicians. The festival continued annually long after Pelletier's departure from the MSO in 1941. He notably returned to conduct the festival's last performance before it was disestablished at the Place des Arts in August 1965. Pelletier was appointed the first director of the Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec and its first school,

1375-599: The Met for one of the Sunday Concerts. On 4 April 1926, he conducted his first opera at the Met, Pietro Mascagni 's Cavalleria rusticana , with Carmela Ponselle as Santuzza and Armand Tokatyan as Turiddu. That same year he was appointed Artistic Director of the Sunday Night Concert series. On 28 February 1929, Pelletier was promoted by Giulio Gatti-Casazza from assistant to regular conductor at

1430-512: The Met, a position he maintained through 1950. His first performance in this title was conducting Deems Taylor 's The King's Henchman on the following 29 March with Edward Johnson , Florence Easton , and Lawrence Tibbett starring. He went on to conduct the house premieres of Benjamin Godard 's ballet Reminiscence , Johann Strauss II 's Die Fledermaus , Domenico Cimarosa 's Il matrimonio segreto , and Igor Stravinsky 's Apollo . He

1485-553: The Metropolitan Opera when Rudolf Bing was appointed the company's new general manager in 1950. Bampton stated in a 1989 interview that, "Both of us got the feeling that we wouldn't be happy with the new regime." This change considerably freed up Pelletier's schedule and enabled him to accept at offer to become artistic director of the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec . He assumed the post in June 1951, remaining there for

1540-560: The Montreal Symphony Orchestra (MSO). The MSO gave its first concert under the name Les Concerts Symphoniques in January 1935 at Plateau Hall . On 16 November 1935, the orchestra performed the first of many Matinées symphoniques pour la jeunesse (The Young People's concert) which had been Pelletier's brainchild. In 1936 he established the Montreal Festivals , which included a summer concert series by

1595-657: The Naskapi village municipality of Kawawachikamach . Eeyou Istchee offers regional services to its 9 Cree village municipalities and their associated Cree reserved lands. The four towns of Jamésie are not covered by a regional government, and supply their own services. The special local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay is governed jointly by the Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government , which consists of 11 representatives from Eeyou Istche and 11 representatives from Jamésie. In

1650-488: The OSM acquired an octobass , the only orchestra in the world with a functioning octobass. In June 2017, the OSM announced that Nagano is to stand down from as its music director at the close of his current contract, at the end of the 2019–2020 season. Nagano concluded his OSM music directorship at the close of the 2019-2020 season, with the scheduled final concerts of his tenure curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2018,

1705-403: The OSM announced the appointment of Payare as its next music director, effective with the 2022-2023 season, with an initial contract of 5 seasons. He held the title of music director-designate in the 2021-2022 season. Madeleine Careau has served as chief executive officer of the OSM since February 2000. Careau is scheduled to stand down from the post in June 2024. In May 2024, the OSM announced

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1760-459: The OSM released many recordings and embarked on tours of North America, Europe, Asia, and South America. Most notable among this discography are the recordings of the French repertoire, especially the music of Maurice Ravel , as well as works of Stravinsky and Debussy. The OSM and Dutoit won various awards for their recordings, including the Grand Prix du Président de la République (France) and

1815-564: The OSM, from 2002 to 2006. In March 2003, the orchestra announced the appointment Kent Nagano as its new music director, starting in 2006. He gave his first concert in Montreal as music director-designate on 30 March 2005. Later in 2005, the OSM's musicians took industrial action, where this work stoppage lasted five months, ending shortly before Nagano's first scheduled concerts. With the OSM, Nagano conducted commercial recordings for such labels as ECM New Series and Analekta. During his tenure,

1870-530: The Prix mondial du Disque de Montreux. The OSM won Grammy awards in 1996 for its recording of Hector Berlioz ' Les Troyens and in 2000 for Sergei Prokofiev and Béla Bartók piano concerti with Martha Argerich on EMI . It has additionally won a number of Juno Awards and Felix Awards . The London/Decca recordings ceased in the late 1990s due to market changes in the classical recording industry. In 1998, OSM musicians took strike action for three weeks that

1925-654: The World's Greatest Operas label, and many of them were later reissued by RCA Camden and Parade Records on LP . In 1938 he appeared on camera in Paramount 's feature film The Big Broadcast of 1938 as he conducted Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad in Brunhilde's Battle Cry from Richard Wagner 's Die Walküre . While working at the Met in the early 1930s, Pelletier was approached by Canadian industrialist and philanthropist Jean Lallemand to collaborate with him and

1980-477: The age of 14, Pelletier had his first exposure to opera , a performance of Ambroise Thomas 's Mignon at His Majesty's Theatre, Montreal . The performance absolutely enthralled him and he decided that night that he wanted to pursue a career conducting operas. While attempting to find work in the field of opera he took a position as the pianist for the orchestra of the National Theatre in Montreal. In

2035-468: The age of 8 he began to study music with Ida Héraly , the wife of clarinetist and bandmaster François Héraly , who taught him piano, music theory , and solfège up through 1914. His older brother Albert taught him to play percussion instruments and at the age of 12 he began playing the drums with the St-Pierre-Apôtre parish temperance band in concerts at a local movie theatre. In 1910, at

2090-678: The appointment of Mélanie La Couture as its next CEO. Additional work by the OSM has included a collaboration with Les Cowboys Fringants on the 2023 live album En concert avec l’Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (sous la direction du chef Simon Leclerc) , which won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2024 . Wilfrid Pelletier Joseph Louis Wilfrid Pelletier (sometimes spelled Wilfred), CC , CMG (20 June 1896 – 9 April 1982)

2145-459: The company's conductors in mainly the French opera repertoire from 1929 to 1950. From 1951 to 1966, he was the principal conductor of the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec . He was also a featured conductor for a number of RCA Victor recordings, including an acclaimed reading of Gabriel Fauré 's Requiem featuring baritone Mack Harrell and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and chorus. Pelletier

2200-639: The early 1960s, as the Orchestra was preparing to move to new facilities at Place des Arts, patron and prominent Montreal philanthropist, John Wilson McConnell , purchased the 1727 Laub-Petschnikoff Stradivarius violin for Calvin Sieb, the Symphony's concertmaster. The orchestra has begun touring and some recording in the 1960s and early 1970s, during the tenures of Zubin Mehta and Franz-Paul Decker . During

2255-408: The half-brother of Broadway composer Frank Loesser . The two made a number of recordings together that were made under the direction of Arthur Bodanzky . He also made a number of solo recordings and Ampico piano rolls in the early 1920s, playing mostly piano reductions from the operas of French composers like Georges Bizet , Charles Gounod , and Jules Massenet . As a composer, he produced only

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2310-571: The music directorship of Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos (1975-1976) the OSM received its first invitation to perform at Carnegie Hall . However, Frühbeck de Burgos had rejected the composition Fleuves by Gilles Tremblay , which Tremblay had composed for tour performances by the OSM. In addition, Frühbeck de Burgos was quoted in print in La Presse as expressing public criticism of selected OSM musicians. The ensuing controversy led to Frühbeck de Burgos' resignation. (When Frühbeck de Burgos returned as

2365-825: The next 15 years. During that time he also conducted the Children's Concerts of the New York Philharmonic from 1952 to 1957 and the tours of the National Youth Orchestra of Canada in 1960–1961. Pelletier retired from performance in the early 1970s and thereafter lived with his wife in New York City. He died in Wayne, Pennsylvania in 1982. His memoirs, Une symphonie inachevée , were published ten years prior to his death. Nord-du-Qu%C3%A9bec Nord-du-Québec ( French pronunciation: [nɔʁ d͜zy kebɛk] ; English: Northern Quebec )

2420-485: The north of the 55th parallel and geographically enclaved within Kativik. Kativik has some boreal forest in its southern portion but is mainly tundra which covers the entire Ungava Peninsula . From the Canada 2011 Census , Eeyou Istchee has a land area of 5,586.25 square kilometres (2,156.86 sq mi) and a population of 16,350; Jamésie has a land area of 298,202.78 square kilometres (115,136.74 sq mi) and

2475-531: The orchestra toured several Cree and Inuit communities in Nord-du-Québec to perform Chaakapesh: The Trickster's Quest , an indigenous opera by Tomson Highway and Matthew Ricketts . The tour was documented by Roger Frappier and Justin Kingsley in the 2019 documentary film Chaakapesh . In 2018, Rafael Payare first guest-conducted the OSM. He returned as guest conductor in 2019. In January 2021,

2530-516: The population identified as Christian . 36.3% were Anglican , 24.1% were Catholic , and 6.2% were Pentecostal . 24.9% said they had no religious affiliation. Traditional North American Indigenous spirituality practitioners were the largest non-Christian religious minority, making up 1.9% of the population. Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were: (Percentages may total more than 100% due to rounding and multiple responses). There

2585-469: The south and southeast. Nord-du-Québec is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975; other regions covered (in part) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord , Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions. Nord-du-Québec is divided for statistical and other purposes into three territories equivalent to a regional county municipality (TEs): When

2640-630: The summer of 1911 he was hired by Henri Delcellier as the rehearsal pianist with the Montreal Opera Company (MOC), remaining there until the company went bankrupt in 1913. While working for the company he married his first wife Berthe Jeannotte, the sister of tenor Albert Clerk-Jeannotte . The experience of losing his job with the MOC made Pelletier question his potential career opportunities in Canada and he decided that he needed to find

2695-500: Was a Canadian conductor , pianist , composer , and arts administrator . He was instrumental in establishing the Montreal Symphony Orchestra , serving as the orchestra's first artistic director and conductor from 1935 to 1941. He had a long and fruitful partnership with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City that began with his appointment as a rehearsal accompanist in 1917; ultimately working there as one of

2750-577: Was also the driving force behind establishing the 'Metropolitan Opera Auditions of the Air' competition (precursor to the Metropolitan National Council Auditions) in 1936. His final and 462nd performance at the Met was on 15 May 1950 conducting Charles Gounod 's Faust with Giuseppe Di Stefano in the title role, Nadine Conner as Marguerite, Luben Vichey as Méphistophélès, and Robert Merrill as Valentin . During

2805-478: Was one of the most influential music educators in Canada during the 20th century. It was largely through his efforts that the Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec (CMADQ), an organization which has established and oversees nine different schools of higher education in music and theatre in Quebec, was established in 1942. From 1943 through 1961 he served as the director of the CMADQ and its first school

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2860-544: Was promoted to assistant conductor at the Met. Between 1917 and 1924 he also frequently played the piano for the Met's Sunday Night Concert Series, and he also portrayed the minor role of Boleslao Lazinski in Umberto Giordano 's Fedora on the Met stage between 1924 and 1926. During these early years with the Met he developed a lasting friendship with Arturo Toscanini , who later hired him to conduct his NBC Symphony Orchestra on numerous occasions when he himself

2915-518: Was referred to as Nouveau-Québec, or New Quebec . Nord-du-Québec lies entirely upon the Canadian Shield . It extends from 49°N latitude to beyond 62°N and is 98.4 percent public land. The region is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north, Labrador in the northeast, and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue , Mauricie , Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , and Côte-Nord in

2970-408: Was resolved largely due to the personal relationship between Dutoit and Lucien Bouchard , then the premier of Quebec . In 2002, Dutoit abruptly resigned as music director, following a long-simmering dispute between Dutoit and the OSM musicians. Dutoit did not return to the OSM as a guest conductor until 2016. Following the departure of Dutoit, Jacques Lacombe served as principal guest conductor of

3025-411: Was unavailable. After divorcing his first wife (with whom he had two sons: Camille and François), he married Met soprano Queena Mario in 1925. That relationship also ended in divorce some years later. He later married a former voice student of Mario's, opera star Rose Bampton in 1937. From 1919 to 1922, Pelletier was the rehearsal pianist and assistant conductor for Antonio Scotti 's touring company

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