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29-692: The Malbaie River in the Charlevoix region empties into the Saint Lawrence River at La Malbaie . Until 1985 the river was used to transport logs downstream. It flows through a steep valley known as Les Hautes Gorges. A sugar maple and American elm forest grows in the gorge and has remained largely undisturbed for hundreds of years. Its course successively crosses Grands-Jardins National Park , Laurentides Wildlife Reserve , Zec des Martres , Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park and Zec du Lac-au-Sable . It winds first towards

58-672: A battalion in the 1758 Siege of Louisbourg along with his brother Alexander. When Louisbourg was taken, Murray accompanied General Wolfe on a raiding expedition northwards in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758) . While Wolfe destroyed French settlements along the Gaspe Peninsula , Murray harried the French fishing settlements along Miramichi Bay . Part of the destruction included the homes and church at St. Anne's, now called Burnt Church . Murray served under General James Wolfe at

87-473: A lack of supplies and the arrival of a British relief fleet. He encouraged his favourite nephew Patrick Ferguson to follow him in a military career. Patrick was the son of Murray's sister Anne who was married to Lord Pitfour . He also assisted another nephew, Patrick Murray, illegitimate son of his brother, George . Murray's successful part in the British advance on Montreal in which he pacified many of

116-674: A result. He then returned to his home, Beauport Park , in Hollington, Sussex, where he died. Further honours came to him in his last years: he was appointed General, and Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1783, and Colonel of the 21st (Royal North British) Fusiliers in 1789. His body was laid to rest in the apse of the now ruined Old St Helen's Church, Hastings. His first marriage had been childless, but by his second, he had six children (two of whom died in infancy): He and his wife also brought up his older brother Patrick, Lord Elibank's illegitimate daughter Maria Murray. Murray appears in

145-445: Is a small regional airport serving the region. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve​ , UNESCO. James Murray (British Army officer, born 1721) Governor of Minorca (1778–1782) General James Murray FRS (20 January 1721 – 18 June 1794)

174-414: Is the major highway through the region, which closely follows the shoreline of the Saint Lawrence River . Between Baie-Saint-Paul and La Malbaie , the highway turns inland with Quebec Route 362 serving the riverside communities of Les Éboulements and Saint-Irénée . The Train de Charlevoix , a tourist rail service , links the coastal communities of Charlevoix to Quebec City . Charlevoix Airport

203-533: The Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. Murray believed Wolfe's plan to land the army at Anse au Foulon was foolish and absurd, and succeeded "only by Providence". He was the military commander of Quebec City after it fell to the British. Lévis managed to defeat Murray and the British in the Battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760. As a result, the French managed to lay siege to Quebec but this had to abandoned due to

232-415: The Charlevoix impact structure : The impact created the forty-mile-wide crater that is the heart of Quebec's Charlevoix region, ranging from just west of Baie-Saint-Paul to just east of La Malbaie. Today, the area inside the crater is home to 90 percent of Charlevoix residents and is a very pastoral setting by comparison to what it could have been. This area was subsequently reshaped by glaciation during

261-612: The Quebec Act of 1774. Murray successfully argued for the Quebec Act to continue slavery in Quebec as it had existed under the French; an advertisement appeared in the Quebec Gazette in 1769 for a "negro woman, aged 25 years, with a mulatto male child... formerly the property of General Murray". On his return to Great Britain he was appointed Colonel of the 13th Regiment of Foot , a post he held from 1767 to 1789. Murray

290-705: The St. Lawrence River . In 1608, Samuel de Champlain named this stream "Rivière Platte" or "Malle Baye". After the English conquest, the seigneuries of Mount Murray and Murray Bay, so that the English have long named this river Murray River . With time, the Malbaie river finally prevails. Champlain calls the bay "Malbaie" in the sense of bad because at low tide the latter dries up and the boats run aground. As for "Murray", he owes his name to James Murray , first governor of province of Quebec , which conceded two seigneuries at

319-1371: The last ice age . There have been several major earthquakes in the region in recorded history: Situated some 80 km east of Quebec City, Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve borders the Saint Lawrence River to the south. Extending from 5 to 1,150 metres above sea level, the area comprises agricultural areas, river ecosystems, estuarine tidal marshes and flats, coniferous and mixed forests, stunted vegetation ( krummholz ) and mountain tundra ecosystems. Maple forests including paper birch ( Betula papyriferae ), alder ( Alnus spp. ) and elm ( Ulmus spp. ) and with an understory of sumac ( Rhus typhina ), Acer pensylvanicum and Cornus alternifolia ; mixed fir ( Abies sp. ) forest with Corylus cornuta , Sambucus pubens and Taxus canadensis ; boreal forests up to an altitude of 300 metres with fir and spruce ( Picea spp. ); estuarine tidal marsh and flats dominated by Scirpus americanus meadows including Zizania palustris , Sagittaria cuneata and S. latifolia ; tundra with ericaceous zones consisting of Kalmia spp. , Ledum groenlandicum ; stunted vegetation community (krummholz) with Picea mariana and Abies balsamea ; agro-ecosystems with cereals, fruits and legumes, and river ecosystems. Animal species in

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348-672: The 233-km Hautes-Gorges is the centrepiece of the UNESCO Charlevoix biosphere reserve . "Little Tristan Lake" is the "head lake" of the Malbaie River hydrographic slope. It is located in a swampy area in a small valley of mountains. It discharges to the north where water flows 1.0 kilometre (0.62 mi) through swamps to Tristan Lake (1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) long) that flows through its full length from south to north. The landfill continues for 3.0 kilometres (1.9 mi) north to Gamache Lake (0.86 km), which crosses

377-656: The French Canadians, showed his true worth as a military commander and a negotiator. On 5 September 1760, Murray signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Huron Nation, then residing at Lorette, near Quebec City. In 1990, that treaty was found by the Supreme Court of Canada to still be valid and binding on the Crown. In October 1760, he became military governor of the district of Quebec and became

406-491: The Malbaie River; at the height of this imaginary line, the course of the Malbaie river stretches north to 32.9 kilometres (20.4 mi). Its watershed and that of the rivière du Gouffre form the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve . Le Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park is home to Eastern Canada's tallest rock-faced cliffs. Designated a national park (of the province of Québec) in 2000,

435-527: The Malbaie river downstream of the Cruche River (segment of 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi)) Lower course of the Malbaie river downstream of the Martres river (segment of 22.9 kilometres (14.2 mi)) Lower course of the Malbaie river downstream from the ruisseau des Americans (segment of 30.9 kilometres (19.2 mi)) The Malbaie River flows into downtown La Malbaie on the northwest shore of

464-767: The Scots Brigade of the Dutch state Army. In 1740 he served as a second lieutenant in Royal Marines Wynyard's Marines under his brother Patrick Murray, 5th Lord Elibank, in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias unsuccessful attack on Cartagena, Colombia. He returned as a captain in 1742. He served as captain of the grenadier company of the 15th Regiment of Foot during the War of the Austrian Succession. He

493-401: The area include beluga whale ( Delphinapterus leucas ), wolf ( Canis lupus ), boreal woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ), North American cougar ( Puma concolor couguar ) and blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus ). About 30,000 people live in the biosphere reserve (1988), which covers 457,000 hectares. In former times, the population of Charlevoix used to rely on the river and

522-715: The first civil governor of the Province of Quebec on 4 October 1763. He was promoted Major-General on 26 March 1765. As governor he was sympathetic to the French-Canadians , favouring them over British merchants who came to settle in the wake of the conquest. He allowed the continuance of French civil law because at the time the French outnumbered the British 25:1 and he needed to be careful not to incite discontent or rebellion. The dissatisfaction of British settlers led to his recall in 1766 (although he remained governor in name until 1768), but his precedents were preserved in

551-452: The mouth of a stream flowing on the east bank of the upper part of the Malbaie River; at the height of this imaginary line, the course of the Malbaie river stretches north to 10.9 kilometres (6.8 mi). While there is a distance of 48.9 kilometres (30.4 mi) between the mouth of the Malbaie river and the mouth of the Petite rivière Malbaie which flows onto the east bank of the upper part

580-503: The mouth of the river. Download coordinates as: Charlevoix The region was named after Pierre François-Xavier de Charlevoix , a French Jesuit explorer and historian who travelled through the area in the 18th century. The community of La Malbaie was known as the first resort area in Canada. As early as 1760, Scottish noblemen Malcolm Fraser and John Nairne hosted visitors at their manors. For much of its history, Charlevoix

609-470: The north-east, towards the east, then towards the south-east, in a narrow and deep glacial valley, for 161 kilometers and a drop of 820 meters. Its course forms a semicircle stretching towards the north and completely encircling in its center the hydrographic slope of the Rivière du Gouffre . For example, there is a distance of 17.1 kilometres (10.6 mi) between the mouth of the rivières des Martres and

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638-460: The north-west the waters of lakes Carroll, Milton and Brunette. From the mouth of Fradette Lake, the river flows 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) northeast to Lake Malbaie. The current of the Malbaie River crosses this lake from south to north for 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi). The Malbaie Lake outlet is located to the north. Upper course of the Malbaie River downstream of Malbaie Lake (segment of 53.6 kilometres (33.3 mi)) Intermediate course of

667-421: The sea, for example on coastal navigation, marine constructions and fisheries (e.g. beluga, eel). Today, the economic landscape has diversified and major factors in the local economy are now forestry, silica mining, agriculture and tourism. The forest education centre ‘Les Palissades’ or the ecological centre ‘Port-au-Saumon’ are important institutions for environmental education in the area. Quebec Route 138

696-430: The stream from south to north for 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi). This last lake has a large central island. From Gamache Lake, the waters flow north for 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) to the outlet of Lamfort Lake. From there, the Malbaie River descends for 5.7 kilometres (3.5 mi) to Fradette Lake (2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi), oriented to the northeast), which flows through to its full length. Lake Frenette receives by

725-615: The traditional rights and customs. Murray died in Battle, East Sussex in 1794. Born in Ballencrieff, East Lothian, Murray was a younger son of Lord Elibank Alexander Murray, 4th Lord Elibank, and his wife, Elizabeth Stirling. His cousin was Alexander Murray (British Army officer, died 1762) who served in Nova Scotia. Educated in Haddington, East Lothian, and Selkirk, Scottish Borders, he began his military career in 1736 in

754-523: Was lieutenant-governor from 1774 to 1778 and then governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. In 1780, he married, as his second wife, Ann Witham, daughter of the Consul-General there. During the American War of Independence , he defended Fort St. Philip, at Port Mahon , against a Franco-Spanish siege for seven months (1781–82), until forced to surrender. He was known as ‘Old Minorca’ Murray as

783-573: Was a Scottish army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Quebec from 1760 to 1768 and governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. Born in Ballencrieff, East Lothian , Murray travelled to North America and took part in the French and Indian War . After the conflict, his administration of the Province of Quebec was noted for its successes, being marked by positive relationships with French Canadians , who were reassured of

812-454: Was home to a thriving summer colony of wealthy Americans, including President William Howard Taft . From an administrative point of view, the "Charlevoix region" does not exist in itself, but is rather made up of the regional county municipalities of Charlevoix-Est and Charlevoix . Features of note include: The topography of this region was dramatically altered by a meteorite impact that occurred 350 million years ago creating

841-607: Was severely wounded during the Siege of Ostend in 1745 and distinguished himself in the Raid on Lorient in 1746. In December 1748, he married Cordelia Collier, who was from Hastings. James Murray purchased a commission for major in the 15th Regiment of Foot in 1749, and the lieutenant-colonelcy in 1751. He commanded his regiment in the Raid on Rochefort in 1757, defending Sir John Mordaunt in his subsequent court-martial . He commanded

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