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23-936: Lake Manyara is in the northern part of the region. It is bordered to the north by the Arusha Region , to the northeast by the Kilimanjaro Region , to the east by the Tanga Region , to the south by the Dodoma Region , to the southeast by the Morogoro Region , to the southwest by the Singida Region , and to the northwest by the Simiyu Region . The highest mountain in the Manyara Region is Mount Hanang . Manyara Region

46-444: A catchment area of about 18,372 km with elevations between 938 m and 3633 m above sea level. The lake is in a closed basin with no outflow, wherein water is only lost by evaporation. It is fed by underground springs, but the vast majority of the inflow comes from rainwater fed permanent and ephemeral rivers that drain the surrounding catchment. The lake's depth and the area it covers fluctuates significantly. At its maximum, during

69-442: Is a closed basin, with inflowing streams but no outflow. The water level varies between seasons and years, leading to marked fluctuation in salinity and alkalinity . It has also been recorded from Lakes Eyasi , Kitangiri and Singida. These are also closed basins, but Kitangiri and Singida are generally less saline. Oreochromis amphimelas appears to attain much larger sizes (to 33 cm in total length) in these lakes, compared to

92-814: Is a shallow, alkaline lake in the Natron-Manyara-Balangida branch of the East African Rift . The northwest quadrant of the lake (about 200 sq, km.) is included within Lake Manyara National Park and it is part of the Lake Manyara Biosphere Reserve , established in 1981 by UNESCO as part of its Man and the Biosphere Programme. There are differing explanations for how Lake Manyara got its name. The name Manyara may come from

115-411: Is also high in dissolved salts. The water becomes increasingly brackish in the dry season as water evaporates and salts accumulate. During dry spells, large areas of mud flats become exposed along the shore. These alkaline flats sprout into grasslands, attracting grazing animals, including large herds of buffalo, wildebeest and zebra. The Western side of the lake is flanked by a steep rift escarpment, to

138-496: Is closer to Alcolapia than it is to other Oreochromis . The species is a maternal mouthbrooder , like all other known species of the genus Oreochromis . Eggs are about 2–2.5mm in diameter. In Lake Manyara maturity is reached at around 7–8 cm SL. Females appear to grow larger than males, which is unusual in Oreochromis and cichlids in general. The type locality is Lake Manyara in northern Tanzania. This shallow lake

161-473: Is inhabited by various ethnolinguistic groups and communities. The latter include the Assa , Gorowa , Kw'adza , Mbugwe , Datooga , Maasai and Barabaig and Irakw , which is the largest ethnic group in the region. The regional commissioner of the Manyara Region is Queen Curthbet Sendiga . Residents of the Manyara Region are mostly farmers. The region's economy is based on the mining of Tanzanite gems on

184-508: Is known for flocks of thousands flamingos that feed along the edge of the lake in the wet season. At times, there have been over an estimated 2 million individuals of various species of water birds. The following table summarizes the most numerous species, according to the Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Manyara. Lake Manyara can be accessed through Lake Manyara National Park. With an entrance gate that doubles as an exit,

207-680: Is located. Furthermore, all over the catchment there are numerous game reserves, conservation areas, forest reserves, wildlife management areas and numerous villages and touristic infrastructures (roads, lodges and tented camps). Lake Manyara is partly protected within the Lake Manyara National Park and is one of the seven Tanzanian, UNESCO Man and Biosphere reserves. The wider Lake Manyara basin social-ecological system suffers from multiple environmental problems due to unsustainable land and water use. Lake Manyara has experienced an overall upward trajectory in sedimentation rates over

230-503: Is only 12–14, which is rather low compared to other Oreochromis . Females and immatures are a silvery grey, but show little sign of vertical bars on the flanks or a 'tilapia mark' at the base of the soft dorsal fin shown by most other tilapias. Mature males are dark pinkish with black heads, bellies, and conspicuously black dorsal, anal and pelvic fins . The species was described as Tilapia amphimelas by Franz Martin Hilgendorf at

253-544: Is the type locality for the endangered fish Oreochromis amphimelas , a species of in the cichlid family, endemic to Tanzania, found in Lake Manyara and a number of other saline lakes with closed basins. Exploitation is prohibited in the parts of Lake Manyara within the National Park and the protected park areas provide important seed stock for the replenishment of fished populations. Lake Manyara National Park

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276-525: The Maasai word "emanyara", which is the spiky, protective enclosure around a family homestead (boma). Possibly the 600 m high rift escarpment hems in the lake, like the enclosure around a Maasai boma. Another theory is that the Mbugwe tribe, who live in the Lake Manyara area, may have given the lake its name based on the Mbugwe word manyero, meaning a trough or place where animals drink water. Lake Manyara has

299-488: The Natural History Museum, Berlin in 1905 from male specimens collected from Lake Manyara by Oscar Neumann between 1893 and 1895. The name, meaning 'double-black', probably refers to the dark upper and lower fins of the breeding male. In the same paper, females of the same species were described as Tilapia manyarae , a possibility considered by Hilgendorf. In the 1960s, it was suggested that this species

322-617: The Mererani Hills in the north on the border with the Arusha Region . Other sources of income are from tourism in the Tarangire National Park , which is entirely located in the region, and Lake Manyara National Park . One paved road passes through the western part of Manyara Region. Paved trunk road T14 from Singida connects with trunk road T5 in Babati town. Trunk road T5 from Dodoma to Arusha passes through

345-595: The North are the Ngorongoro highlands, while in the East and Southeast an undulating plain with isolated volcanic mountains gives way to a peneplain. Several springs, streams, wetlands and smaller lakes, both perennial and seasonal, drain into the lake. The shores of the saline lake host at its Northern tip the town of Mto wa Mbu with its irrigation agriculture. On its Western side there is a groundwater forest extending between

368-469: The east shore of the lake can also be arranged. Oreochromis amphimelas Oreochromis amphimelas is a species of tilapia cichlid endemic to north–central Tanzania , where it is found in Lake Manyara and a number of other saline lakes with closed basins . Maximum recorded size is 28 cm (11 in) in standard length . This is an unusual-looking tilapia : the front part of

391-413: The head is very short, so it has a small eye, small mouth and short snout. The smaller fish have a rather cylindrical body, but the largest fish have a high, arched back and a concave head profile. The mouth is quite upwardly-angled. The gill arches hold relatively few gill rakers : only 12–16 on the lower part of the outermost arch, the arches lack microbranchiospines and the number of dorsal fin spines

414-614: The lake shore and the rift escarpment and covered mostly by the National Park until the Marang' forest. In the rift valley South of the lake vast river floodplains are used for irrigation agriculture. The wetter and more productive uplands all over the catchment are mostly used for rain-fed agriculture by various ethnicities depending on historical migration and resettlement patterns. The drier and more unpredictable savannas are used for livestock grazing by pastoralists (mainly Maasai). Southeast of LM another large and famous national park (Tarangire)

437-452: The last 120 years with distinct peaks in the 1960s and in 2010. The increased sedimentation rates are largely a result of a complex interaction between increased upstream soil erosion following land cover changes and natural rainfall fluctuations. The main fish species inhabiting the lake are catfish and tilapia. There is a small fishery, but fish only tend to be found near the inflow areas, where salt concentrations are lower. Lake Manyara

460-524: The region; it is paved from Arusha up to Dodoma . Manyara Region is divided into six districts , each administered by a council: Lake Manyara Lake Manyara also known as Lake Moya among the Iraqw people is a lake located in Monduli District of Arusha Region , Tanzania and is the seventh-largest lake of Tanzania by surface area, at 470-square-kilometre (180 sq mi). It

483-532: The trail into the park is effectively a loop that can be traversed by jeep within a few hours. The trails goes through forests shrublands and marsh, before reaching the shore of the lake. The Rift Valley escarpment provides a spectacular backdrop. From the nearby town of Mto wa Mbu, through the Cultural Tourism Programme, it is possible to organize a canoe trip on the lake, or a fishing trip to learn traditional fishing methods. Bicycle trips to

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506-406: The wet season, the lake is 40 km wide by 15 km with a maximum depth of 3.7 m. In 2010, a bathymetry survey showed the lake to have an average depth 0.81 m, and a maximum depth of about 1.18 m. In extreme dry periods the surface area of the lake shrinks as the waters evaporate and at times the lake has dried up completely. Lake Manyara is a soda or alkaline lake with a pH near 9.5, and it

529-421: Was closely related to the highly specialised soda lake cichlids from Lakes Magadi and Natron , now regarded as members of the genus Alcolapia . In the 1980s, Ethelwynn Trewavas separated them into separate subgenera, creating the little-used subgenus Vallicola for O. amphimelas . Genetic evidence published in 2019 supported earlier theories, indicating that O. amphimelas (along with O. esculentus )

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