96-419: [REDACTED] Metromare is a 9.8 km (6.1 mi) trolleybus rapid transit line in the province of Rimini , Italy . Part of Rimini's trolleybus system , the line runs between the railway stations of Rimini and Riccione on a segregated track beside the Bologna–Ancona railway . Fifteen intermediate stops serve the coastal suburbs, the touristic seafront, Federico Fellini International Airport , and
192-621: A "BHLS" (stands for Bus with a High Level of Service ). The term transitway was originated in 1981 with the opening of the OC Transpo transitway in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada. Critics have charged that the term "bus rapid transit" has sometimes been misapplied to systems that lack most or all the essential features which differentiate it from conventional bus services. The term " bus rapid transit creep " has been used to describe severely degraded levels of bus service which fall far short of
288-478: A BRT system to 35,000 passengers per hour. The single-lane roads of Istanbul Metrobus had been frequently blocked by Phileas buses breaking down, causing delays for all the buses in a single direction. After focusing on Mercedes-Benz buses, capacity increased to 45,000 pph. Light rail, by comparison, has reported passenger capacities between 3,500 pph (mainly street running) to 19,000 pph (fully grade-separated ). high season From Misplaced Pages,
384-508: A bus collision along the track was simulated in an emergency exercise later that month, which Riccione politicians said should have been carried out before the launch. After the COVID-19 pandemic closed Metromare, Riccione's municipal government voted against resuming services until the trolleybuses could enter service. The first trolleybus arrived on 12 June 2020. Testing began in July 2020 and
480-460: A controversial project, with opponents criticising its 78-million-euro construction cost and its protracted planning and construction phases, which spanned a quarter of a century. Opposition was particularly strong in Riccione, causing a rift between the provincial and municipal governments. Further criticism surrounded the decision to launch the service provisionally with buses, following a delay in
576-473: A fleet of nine articulated trolleybuses to run on the system. In November 2014, the Dutch APTS group that had been contracted in 2010 by Balfour Beatty Rail to supply trolleybuses of its Phileas design ceased trading, and the contract passed to ATI, a group formed by transport vehicle manufacturers Van Hool and Kiepe Electric . The first APTS Phileas trolleybus for Rimini had already been completed and
672-613: A further pandemic-induced delay, the first trolleybus was delivered to Rimini on 12 June 2020, and the vehicles entered service in October 2021. In May 2023, it was reported that the new Line E of Rome Metro , connecting Rome to Ostia , would be branded as Metromare. PMR's president said that they had registered the Metromare name and logo in January 2021, and did not plan to bring legal action. In January 2020, Paola De Micheli ,
768-428: A low-noise, low-emissions "hush mode" (in which the diesel engine operates but does not exceed idle speed ) when underground. The need to provide electric power in underground environments brings the capital and maintenance costs of such routes closer to those of light rail, and raises the question of building or eventually converting to light rail. In Seattle, the downtown transit tunnel was retrofitted for conversion to
864-566: A municipal ordinance to stop works in Viale Rimini was overturned in August 2015, the municipal administration accused the regional administrative court of a "now prejudicial attitude" against its concerns. The administration also protested against the felling of trees in Via delle Magnolie, citing conservation laws. Local politicians criticised Tosi's administration for its stubborn opposition to
960-467: A package of urban projects for Rimini, with a projected cost of Lit. 120 billion. The line would run double-tracked from the site of the new Rimini Fiera to Riccione using guided trolleybuses . The project was approved by the regional assembly in June 1994, and expected to open in 2000. In March 1996, the central government approved a loan of Lit. 62 billion. Rimini and Riccione municipal council approved
1056-503: A pedestrian crossing of the SS16 controlled by traffic lights. In April 2023, Roberta Frisoni, Rimini's councillor for public transportation, argued that the variability of demand for a direct airport connection – dependent on the times of flights – meant that a shuttle connection between the Metromare stop and airport would be more appropriate than a branch of the Metromare. Frisoni further ruled out an underground branch, citing high costs and
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#17328016781431152-625: A protest at a construction site in 2014, a protestor produced an anonymous document claiming that Agenzia di Mobilità (AM), the agency overseeing the construction works, was filling excavation sites in Riccione with untreated sludge, and she asked representatives about the veracity of the claim. The protestor was sued by AM for defamation; in November 2019, the Court of Rimini overturned her initial conviction, citing her protected constitutional right to critique. The demolition of properties to make way for
1248-449: A result, less forced ventilation will be required in tunnels to achieve the same air quality. Another alternative is to use electric propulsion, which Seattle 's Metro Bus Tunnel and Boston 's Silver Line Phase II implemented. In Seattle, dual-mode (electric/diesel electric) buses manufactured by Breda were used until 2004, with the center axle driven by electric motors obtaining power from trolley wires through trolley poles in
1344-404: A shared hybrid-bus and light-rail facility in preparation for Seattle's Central Link Light Rail line, which opened in July 2009. In March 2019, expansion of the light rail in the tunnel moved busses back to surface streets. Bi-articulated battery electric buses cause no problems in tunnels anymore but provide BRT capacity. A BRT system can be measured by a number of factors. The BRT Standard
1440-419: A static map, featuring services like trip planning, live arrival and departure times, up-to-date line schedules, local station maps, service alerts, and advisories that may affect one's current trip. Transit and Moovit are examples of apps that are available in many cities around the world. Some operators of bus rapid transit systems have developed their own apps, like Transmilenio. These apps even include all
1536-480: A total daily ridership), in the developing world this capacity constraint (or rumor of a capacity constraint) was a significant argument in favor of heavy rail metro investments in some venues. When TransMilenio opened in 2000, it changed the paradigm by giving buses a passing lane at each station stop and introducing express services within the BRT infrastructure. These innovations increased the maximum achieved capacity of
1632-586: Is a risk of a dangerous gap between bus and platform , and is even greater due to the nature of bus operations. Kassel curbs or other methods may be used to ease quick and safe alignment of the BRT vehicle with a platform. A popular compromise is low-floor buses with a low step at the door, which can allow easy boarding at low-platform stops compatible with other buses. This intermediate design may be used with some low- or medium-capacity BRT systems. The MIO system in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, pioneered in 2009
1728-500: Is every 15 minutes during the "winter" timetable and every 10 minutes during the "summer" touristic high season (from around June to mid-September), with fewer services in the early morning and late evening. Reduced services operate on bank holidays. As well as the U-turns at the end of the lines, there are intermediate turning areas at Toscanini and Miramare Station, allowing trolleybuses to terminate early at these stops. The service
1824-460: Is expected to be completed by 2026. From its inception, proposals have suggested that the system could be expanded as a regional network, running the length of Romagna 's coastline from Ravenna to Cattolica . At Metromare's launch, the regional president suggested that the line could extend as far north as Comacchio . Closer to Rimini, a northern extension to the school campuses in the suburb of Viserba has been proposed, either running adjacent to
1920-654: Is integrated into the Rail SmartPass, an intermodal multi-day travel pass valid for regional Trenitalia trains in Romagna and Start Romagna buses. Since August 2023, two non-electric folding bicycles have been allowed aboard per trolleybus between 9am and noon and 3pm and 7pm. Those travelling with a bicycle are required to pay an extra ticket. The fleet is housed at the depot on Viale Carlo Alberto della Chiesa, which also services route 11's trolleybuses. Trolleybuses must use their auxiliary batteries to travel between
2016-585: Is less complex than rail maintenance. Moreover, buses are more flexible than rail vehicles, because a bus route can be altered, either temporarily or permanently, to meet changing demand or contend with adverse road conditions with comparatively little investment of resources. The first use of a protected busway was the East Side Trolley Tunnel in Providence , Rhode Island . It was converted from trolley to bus use in 1948. However,
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#17328016781432112-897: Is operated by Start Romagna SpA, contracted by the Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini (PMR). In January 2023, the stops of Toscanini, Alba, Dante and Porto were equipped with lifts. Metromare is integrated with Start Romagna's local bus services, and tickets can be used interchangeably on the two modes of transport. Tickets can be purchased on board at surcharge, at the route terminals, or in local convenience shops and dedicated vendors. Travel between Rimini Station and Miramare Airport falls in Rimini's urban zone, and travel between Miramare Station and Riccione Station falls in Riccione's urban zone. Miramare's stops count as neutral fare zones. Tickets are available for travel within either fare zone or across both fare zones. Metromare
2208-451: Is served by regional and national railway services and local and suburban buses. As of June 2023, on weekdays, the first trolleybuses leave the route termini at 5.30am. In "winter" (mid-September to around June), the last trolleybus leaves Rimini Station at midnight and returns by 12.47am. On weekdays in the summer festive period, the last trolleybuses depart at approximately 2.00am. The typical weekday service pattern between 8.00am and 9.00pm
2304-459: Is today over 18.5 miles long. The OC Transpo BRT system in Ottawa , Canada, was introduced in 1983. The first element of its BRT system was dedicated bus lanes through the city centre, with platformed stops. The introduction of exclusive separate busways (termed 'Transitway') occurred in 1983. By 1996, all of the originally envisioned 31 km Transitway system was in operation; further expansions were opened in 2009, 2011, and 2014. As of 2019,
2400-570: The BRT Standard promoted by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and other organizations. Compared to other common transit modes such as light rail transit (LRT), bus rapid transit (BRT) service is attractive to transit authorities because it does not cost as much to establish and operate: no track needs to be laid, bus drivers typically require less training and less pay than rail operators, and bus maintenance
2496-465: The Bologna–Ancona railway . Almost 60 percent of the route has only a single bi-directional lane while the remainder has two lanes, but there are two sets of overhead trolley wires – one for each direction – along the entire line. Traffic signals control the movement of vehicles in the one-lane sections. Just beyond the Riccione terminus, Metromare vehicles briefly leave
2592-643: The Ferrara–Rimini railway [ it ] or as a branch exiting at the Sacramora stop and running along existing roads. The third stage of the Metromare is expected to be a southern extension to Misano and Cattolica. The extension is opposed by some Misano municipal councillors. Renata Tosi, the Mayor of Riccione from 2014 to 2022, campaigned for the extension to follow existing roads and functionally connect important coastal districts rather than areas along
2688-624: The Indonesian capital city . Bus rapid transit is a mode of mass rapid transit (MRT) and describes a high-capacity urban public-transit system with its own right of way , vehicles at short headways , platform-level boarding, and preticketing. The expression "BRT" is mainly used in the Americas and China; in India, it is called "BRTS" (BRT System); in Europe it is often called a "busway" or
2784-937: The MIO in Cali since November 2008, Metrolinea in Bucaramanga since December 2009, Megabús in Pereira since May 2009. This design is also used in Johannesburg 's Rea Vaya . The term "station" is more flexibly applied in North America and ranges from enclosed waiting areas ( Ottawa and Cleveland ) to large open-sided shelters ( Los Angeles and San Bernardino ). A unique and distinctive identity can contribute to BRT's attractiveness as an alternative to driving cars, (such as Viva, Max, TransMilenio, Metropolitano, Metronit, Select) marking stops and stations as well as
2880-523: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " High season " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
2976-435: The 15,000 to 25,000 range. Research of the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) shows a capacity ranking of MRT modes, based on reported performance of 14 light rail systems, 14 heavy rail systems (just 1-track + 3 2-track-systems "highest capacity") and 56 BRT systems. The study concludes, that BRT-"capacity on TransMilenio exceeds all but the highest capacity heavy rail systems, and it far exceeds
Metromare - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-491: The 2022 municipal election, was acquitted at the trial in July 2022. In October 2015, Cattolica's municipal administration protested against invoices produced by AM totalling 72,000 euros for the planning phase of Metromare's southern extension. In March 2021, the administration of Bellaria – Igea Marina , north of Rimini, protested that the municipality was asked to absorb an increase in provincial transport costs that they attributed to Metromare. The councillors reaffirmed that
3168-634: The Fiabilandia amusement park. The service is operated by Start Romagna SpA, and launched in November 2019. Metromare is the culmination of decades-long planning of coastal rapid transit projects in the Romagna region. It is envisaged that the line could eventually be extended to serve the length of the riviera romagnola from Ravenna to Cattolica , forming a regional rapid transit network. A 4.2 km (2.6 mi) northern extension to Rimini Fiera has been approved, with construction starting in summer 2024. In local politics, Metromare has been
3264-536: The Kennedy, Toscanini, Rivazzurra, and Miramare Station stops, and a new piazzetta on Rivazzurra's Via dei Martiri. The parking spaces are partly intended to replace those removed along the seafront by the redevelopment of the pedestrian esplanade. Metromare was expected to eliminate between 12,000 and 15,000 car journeys a day, equal to an 11% drop in fine particles along Rimini's coastal route per year. Metromare launched on 23 November 2019. 17,000 passengers used
3360-494: The Metromare need to go south along the Via Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto, past the roundabout with Viale Losanna/Viale Felice Carlo Pullè, then northwest along the busy SS16 Via Flaminia state road. Moreover, at the time of Metromare's launch, the SS16 could not be crossed by foot near the airport. Instead, the route 9M bus, also operated by Start Romagna, connects the stop to the airport. Local politicians have criticised
3456-490: The Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, announced that 49 million euros would be made available for the 4.2 km (2.6 mi) northwards extension of Metromare to Rimini Fiera . The municipal government considered an option to run the extension on the road network, raising concerns about its impact on traffic. It ultimately chose to run the extension beside the railway, citing a quicker project execution, as required by
3552-596: The Roman amphitheatre. Two further stops (Pascoli, Lagomaggio) complete the section in the frazione of Rimini. The roadway is only one lane wide at Lagomaggio, but is two lanes wide at all other stations. In the frazione of Bellariva, the Toscanini stop is closest to the hospital, and is followed by Bellariva, Marebello and Rivazzurra in their homonymous frazioni . The Fiabilandia stop in Rivazzurra serves
3648-661: The United States, BRT began in 1977, with Pittsburgh's South Busway , operating on 4.3 miles (6.9 km) of exclusive lanes. Its success led to the Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway in 1983, a fuller BRT deployment including a dedicated busway of 9.1 miles (14.6 km), traffic signal preemption , and peak service headway as low as two minutes. After the opening of the West Busway , 5.1 miles (8.2 km) in length in 2000, Pittsburgh's Busway system
3744-499: The amusement park. In the frazione of Miramare , Miramare Station interchanges with Rimini Miramare railway station . The Miramare Airport stop is located near Federico Fellini International Airport . The following stops (Marano, D'Annunzio Nord, Alba, Dante) fall in the comune of Riccione. Porto is located above the Rio Melo and gives access to the port in Riccione. The route terminates at Ceccarini Riccione Station , which
3840-419: The buses. Large cities usually have big bus networks. A map showing all bus lines might be incomprehensible, and cause people to wait for low-frequency buses that may not even be running at the time they are needed. By identifying the main bus lines having high-frequency service, with a special brand and separate maps, it is easier to understand the entire network. Public transit apps are more convenient than
3936-488: The busway to turn around via a small roundabout in front of the railway station; this is the only place where the route's trolleybuses run along public streets during the service day, but they do not carry passengers during this manoeuvre. The route starts at Rimini railway station in the city centre, with connections to regional and national Trenitalia railway services, local and suburban buses, and coaches to San Marino . The next stop southbound, Kennedy, gives access to
Metromare - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-786: The capacity and speed of a light rail transit (LRT) or mass rapid transit (MRT) system with the flexibility, lower cost and simplicity of a bus system. The world's first BRT system was the Runcorn Busway in Runcorn New Town, England, which entered service in 1971. As of March 2018 , a total of 166 cities in six continents have implemented BRT systems, accounting for 4,906 km (3,048 mi) of BRT lanes and about 32.2 million passengers every day. The majority of these are in Latin America , where about 19.6 million passengers ride daily, and which has
4128-601: The center of major arterial roads, in 1980 the Curitiba system added a feeder bus network and inter-zone connections, and in 1992 introduced off-board fare collection, enclosed stations, and platform-level boarding. Other systems made further innovations, including platooning (three buses entering and leaving bus stops and traffic signals at once) in Porto Alegre , and passing lanes and express service in São Paulo . In
4224-605: The central part of the Transitway has been converted to light rail transit , due to the downtown section being operated beyond its designed capacity. In 1995, Quito , Ecuador, opened MetrobusQ its first BRT trolleybuses in Quito , using articulated trolleybuses. The TransMilenio in Bogotá , Colombia, opening in 2000, was the first BRT system to combine the best elements of Curitiba's BRT with other BRT advances, and achieved
4320-476: The committee with an ad hoc commissioner for matters relating to road regulations. Local politicians described the move as anti-democratic and authoritarian. In May 2015, AM and the municipal administration further clashed on the closure of an underpass in Via Puccini. In May 2015, over a thousand residents formed a human chain protest at a construction site in Viale Rimini, where 89 trees were felled. After
4416-494: The committee's decision. In September 2015, an engineer hired by Tosi's administration concluded that the proposed route would not reduce journey times by using smart traffic lights, and could reduce construction costs by 7 million euros. The proposal was backed by the city's hoteliers association, a Rimini-based industrial trade association, and the provincial president of Confcommercio [ it ] , an association of commercial enterprises. The coordination committee rejected
4512-584: The concept while sketching on the back of an envelope. The town was designed around the transport system, with most residents no more than five minutes walking distance, or 500 yards (460 m), from the Busway. The second BRT system in the world was the Rede Integrada de Transporte (RIT, integrated transportation network ), implemented in Curitiba , Brazil, in 1974. The Rede Integrada de Transporte
4608-480: The deadlines of the central government funding. The intermediate stops (from north to south) are Fiera di Rimini Est-Teodorico; Popilia; Sacramora; Rivabella; San Giuliano; and Principe Amedeo. The route is double-tracked between Rimini Fiera and Rivabella, and single-tracked from after Rivabella to Rimini Station. An additional six trolleybuses will be purchased to run the service, and the journey from Rimini Fiera to Ceccarini Riccione Station will take 31 minutes. Among
4704-439: The delivery of nine trolleybuses which ultimately entered service in October 2021. Metromare's proponents cite its environmental benefits and the relief it provides on traffic congestion and the route 11 trolleybus , which also connects Rimini and Riccione but runs along the principal seafront avenue. The current Metromare system runs on a 9.8 km (6.1 mi) long track entirely segregated from outside traffic and adjacent to
4800-499: The depot and the route because the depot is not connected with overhead wiring. Between its launch in November 2019 and the trolleybuses' arrival in October 2021, Metromare temporarily used eight buses. These were four Iveco Urbanway 18 Hybrid buses, loaned from TPER Bologna (TPER fleet numbers 6400–6403); four IIA CityMood 12 CNG buses (Start Romagna fleet numbers 32320–32323); and four Neoplan N4522 Centroliner G buses (Start Romagna fleet numbers 36041, 36043–36045). Before Metromare,
4896-547: The disfigurement it would create. To avoid the wall, in June 2014, Tosi's administration presented an alternative route to run the line in Riccione along existing roads nearer to the seafront; this was rejected by the project's coordination committee, leading to the direct intervention of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport. Both the regional administrative court and the Council of State rejected Riccione's appeal against
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#17328016781434992-661: The districts served will be the historic fishing quarter of Borgo San Giuliano, the coastal Rivabella suburb, the Monumental Cemetery of Rimini near the Sacramora stop, and the Rimini Fiera exhibition centre. The works contract is due to be awarded in December 2023, with construction starting in the summer of 2024. The project requires two new bridges over water, four new vehicular underpasses, and two new and three refurbished pedestrian underpasses. The extension
5088-511: The election of centre-right Renata Tosi as Mayor of Riccione. Tosi was an outspoken critic of the Metromare, who campaigned to block the line from reaching the comune and cancel the entire project, appealing directly to Matteo Renzi , the Prime Minister. The construction of a retaining concrete wall along the track, up to six metres high, caused notable consternation. An open letter from Riccione's hoteliers association warned against
5184-467: The engineer's findings, projecting that the proposal would increase journey times and construction and operating costs while decreasing road safety. Community tension shrouded the felling of over 200 pine trees in Via Portovenere. In April 2014, a demonstration outside the town hall decried the felling. In June, Tosi attended an occupation of the construction site and issued an injunction to halt
5280-428: The existing alternative provided by the route 11 trolleybus. Riccione's municipal government filed a legal appeal to suspend the provisional Metromare services on grounds of safety deficiencies relating to the route, replacement vehicles, and workplace standards; it lost the case in December 2019. In January 2020, Start Romagna drivers cited the dangerousness of the Metromare among their reasons for striking. The event of
5376-593: The first BRT system in the world was the Runcorn Busway in Runcorn , England. First conceived in the Runcorn New Town Masterplan in 1966, it opened for services in October 1971 and all 22 kilometres (14 mi) were operational by 1980. The central station is at Runcorn Shopping City where buses arrive on dedicated raised busways to two enclosed stations. Arthur Ling , Runcorn Development Corporation's Master Planner, said that he had invented
5472-442: The following features: Bus-only lanes make for faster travel and ensure that buses are not delayed by mixed traffic congestion . A median alignment bus-only keeps buses away from busy curb-side side conflicts, where cars and trucks are parking, standing and turning. Separate rights of way may be used such as the completely elevated Xiamen BRT . Transit malls or 'bus streets' may also be created in city centers. Fare prepayment at
5568-899: The 💕 Look for High season on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for High season in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
5664-665: The geological difficulty presented by the superficial groundwater. Bus rapid transit Bus rapid transit ( BRT ), also referred to as a busway or transitway , is a trolleybus , electric bus and public transport bus service system designed to have much more capacity , reliability , and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes roadways that are dedicated to buses , and gives priority to buses at intersections where buses may interact with other traffic; alongside design features to reduce delays caused by passengers boarding or leaving buses, or paying fares . BRT aims to combine
5760-662: The green phase or reducing the red phase in the required direction compared to the normal sequence. Prohibiting turns may be the most important measure for moving buses through intersections. The station platforms for BRT systems should be level with the bus floor for quick and easy boarding, making it fully accessible for wheelchairs, disabled passengers and baby strollers, with minimal delays. High-level platforms for high-floored buses makes it difficult to have stops outside dedicated platforms, or to have conventional buses stop at high-level platforms, so these BRT stops are distinct from street-level bus stops. Similar to rail vehicles, there
5856-648: The highest capacity and highest speed BRT system in the world. In January 2004 the first BRT in Southeast Asia, TransJakarta , opened in Jakarta , Indonesia. As of 2015 , at 210 kilometres (130 mi), it is the longest BRT system in the world. Africa's first BRT system was opened in Lagos , Nigeria, in March 2008 but is considered a light BRT system by many people. Johannesburg , South Africa, BRT Rea Vaya ,
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#17328016781435952-450: The highest light rail system." Performance data of 84 systems show More topical are these BRT data After the first BRT system opened in 1971, cities were slow to adopt BRT because they believed that the capacity of BRT was limited to about 12,000 passengers per hour traveling in a given direction during peak demand. While this is a capacity rarely needed in the US (12,000 is more typical as
6048-442: The issue to go to referendum in Rimini and Riccione. The central government committed to funding the project in 2006, but the disbursement of these funds was delayed to 2011. The contracts for engineering and constructing the line were signed in 2008. Construction took place between July 2012 and late 2017, conducted by a temporary association of companies: Italiana Costruzioni SpA for the civil engineering; Balfour Beatty Rail for
6144-494: The lack of a direct connection as an oversight of the project's planning. In September 2020, the Mayor of Riccione proposed a direct connection from the airport to the city's southern spa district. In October 2019, PMR's president suggested that a moving walkway could be installed between the airport and the Metromare stop. The municipal council launched a feasibility study into the moving walkway in September 2023. The suggestion
6240-415: The legitimacy of the decision. The municipal Democratic Party said that Riccione's mayor was acting "like that last Japanese with the helmet that continues to fight a battle lost from the start". At a hearing in Rimini's municipal council in October 2019, a councillor objected to the provisional launch going ahead without Riccione's consent, while another asked why the provisional launch was necessary given
6336-478: The line attracted local opposition. The project required 680 expropriation decrees, many relating to land containing buildings and garages. Via Serra in Bellariva was particularly affected, becoming a flashpoint of community opposition. In total, 96 appeals were filed against expropriation orders, all of which were won by PMR. Opposition to Metromare's construction was particularly pronounced in Riccione, straining
6432-415: The line. In October 2014, AM threatened Tosi's administration with legal action for failing to regulate traffic flows to allow works in Riccione to proceed. The works had already been postponed by one month on the municipality's request. Tosi believed that the threat was politicised to bend Riccione against backing down. In March 2015, the coordination committee elected to replace Riccione's representative on
6528-479: The most cities with BRT systems, with 54, led by Brazil with 21 cities. The Latin American countries with the most daily ridership are Brazil (10.7 million), Colombia (3.0 million), and Mexico (2.5 million). In the other regions, China (4.3 million) and Iran (2.1 million) stand out. Currently, TransJakarta is the largest BRT network in the world, with about 251.2 kilometres (156.1 mi) of corridors connecting
6624-428: The programme by spring 1998, which would, until February 2018, become known as Trasporto Rapido Costiero (TRC) (Coastal Rapid Transport). The project's controversies would later echo early opposition from this period, including the project's expected costs and its effects on surrounding properties and existing trees. The TRC was a significant theme in Rimini's 1999 municipal elections after unsuccessful campaigns for
6720-416: The project and causing unnecessary, costly delays. In January 2021, the preliminary hearing judge of the Court of Rimini indicted Tosi for abuse of office, relating to ordinances she issued to obstruct Metromare's construction. PMR had sued Tosi for civil damage claims of 2.35 million euros. Riccione municipal councillors from across the political system expressed their solidarity with Tosi. Tosi, who retired at
6816-422: The project had increased the investment gap between Rimini's northern and southern suburbs, and that Metromare was prioritised for regional funding. The municipality said that it was initially agreed that areas that would not benefit from Metromare would not be asked to contribute to its construction, but that this was later rescinded on the justification that the project was a coastal service. The project envisaged
6912-411: The project's 78-million-euro construction cost as well as its protracted planning and construction phases, which spanned a quarter of a century. Some considered the project to be outdated. Responding to demands that the project be stopped in March 2013, the general manager of Rimini's mobility agency estimated that it would cost 51 million euros. Opponents likened the project to a TAV romagnola . At
7008-471: The railway line, also to counteract the "urban disfigurement" that the first stage had caused. In October 2022, Riccione's new municipal administration ordered technical studies to evaluate the options of running the extension along the railway or along the principal seafront avenue. Several officials and political parties support connecting the Metromare to inland towns, including Santarcangelo and Morciano di Romagna . Many local politicians have criticised
7104-403: The regional elections. The provisional launch was projected to cost 1.1 million euros, including 640,000 euros in management costs, 188,000 euros for the installation of signalling systems inside the vehicles, and 57,000 euros for vehicle leases. Riccione's municipal government formally objected to the provisional launch of the Metromare using alternative means, and sought legal advice to overturn
7200-486: The relationship between Riccione's municipal government and the other public agencies involved in the project. The approval of the Metromare system in 2011 by then-mayor Fabio Ubaldi created a climate of disapproval among many local residents. Following a request from Riccione's municipal administration, in April 2013, its financial commitment to the project was limited to 6.28 million euros. The June 2014 municipal elections saw
7296-877: The right side of the street. Groups of criteria form the BRT Standard 2016, which is updated by the Technical Committee of the BRT Standard. High-capacity vehicles such as articulated or even bi-articulated buses may be used, typically with multiple doors for fast entry and exit. Double-decker buses or guided buses may also be used. Advanced powertrain control may be used for a smoother ride. Bottleneck BRT stations typically provide loading areas for simultaneous boarding and alighting of buses through multiple doors coordinated via displays and loudspeakers. An example of high-quality stations include those used on TransMilenio in Bogotá since December 2000,
7392-403: The route were complete and Metromare merely required the approval of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport to launch, which it would receive in September. While the provincial mayor hoped to launch the service in October 2019, a further month's delay took place. Metromare's infrastructure cost was estimated at just over 78 million euros, below the 81 million euros that had been set aside at
7488-775: The schedules and live arrival times and stations for buses that feed the BRT, like the SITP (Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público or Public Transit Integrated System) in Bogotá . A special issue arises in the use of buses in metro transit structures. Since the areas where the demand for an exclusive bus right-of-way are apt to be in dense downtown areas where an above-ground structure may be unacceptable on historic, logistic, or environmental grounds, use of BRT in tunnels may not be avoidable. Since buses are usually powered by internal combustion engines , bus metros raise ventilation issues similar to those of motor vehicle tunnels. Powerful fans typically exchange air through ventilation shafts to
7584-581: The service in its inaugural weekend, for which all journeys were free. 7,915 passengers used Metromare the subsequent week. Due to a delay in the delivery of the nine VanHool Exquicity 18T trolleybuses purchased to run on the line, operations used traditional buses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy , Metromare services were suspended on 21 March 2020. Following a request by the provincial government, services resumed on 25 July 2020 with reduced capacity. After
7680-492: The station, instead of on board the bus, eliminates the delay caused by passengers paying on board. Fare machines at stations also allow riders to purchase multi-ride stored-value cards and have multiple payment options. Prepayment also allows riders to board at all doors, further speeding up stops. Prohibiting turns for traffic across the bus lane significantly reduces delays to the buses. Bus priority will often be provided at signalized intersections to reduce delays by extending
7776-404: The subway, and with the rear axle driven by a conventional diesel powertrain on freeways and streets. Boston is using a similar approach, after initially using trolleybuses pending delivery of the dual-mode vehicles that was completed in 2005. In 2004, Seattle replaced its "Transit Tunnel" fleet with diesel-electric hybrid buses, which operate similarly to hybrid cars outside the tunnel and in
7872-417: The surface; these are usually as remote as possible from occupied areas, to minimize the effects of noise and concentrated pollution. A straightforward way to reduce air quality problems is to use internal combustion engines with lower emissions. The 2008 Euro V European emission standards set a limit on carbon monoxide from heavy-duty diesel engines of 1.5 g/kWh, one third of the 1992 Euro I standard. As
7968-428: The theoretical maximum throughput measured in passengers per hour per direction (PPHPD) for a single traffic lane is some 150,000 passengers per hour (250 passengers per vehicle, one vehicle every 6 seconds). In real world conditions BRT Rio (de Janeiro, BRS Presidente Vargas) with 65.000 PPHPD holds the record, TransMilenio Bogotá and Metrobus Istanbul perform 49,000 – 45,000 PPHPD, most other busy systems operating in
8064-410: The time of the project's approval in 2006. The central government was budgeted to pay for 42 million euros of this cost, with local and regional government agencies providing 38 million euros. The contract for the trolleybuses cost a further 10.6 million euros, mostly paid by local agencies. Several separate urban projects later accompanied the Metromare, including an additional 1,400 parking spaces across
8160-417: The towns of Rimini and Riccione were connected by public transport through regional trains and the route 11 trolleybus , which runs along the principal seafront avenue in Rimini. Especially during the tourist season, congestion could slow journeys considerably, with trolleybuses taking up to an hour to complete the route. In March 1994, city planner Leonardo Benevolo proposed a metropolitana costiera in
8256-403: The traction system; and Project Automation SpA for the auxiliary operation systems. The construction included four new vehicular underpasses to replace existing railway level crossings, three new and nine refurbished pedestrian underpasses, nine new road bridges, two new bridges over water and a further seven new bridges over streams and ditches. Installation of the overhead wires for trolleybuses
8352-499: The use of dual buses, with doors on the left side of the bus that are located at the height of high-level platforms, and doors on the right side that are located at curb height. These buses can use the main line with its exclusive lanes and high level platforms, located on the center of the street and thus, boarding and leaving passengers on the left side. These buses can exit the main line and use normal lanes that share with other vehicles and stop at regular stations located on sidewalks on
8448-435: The vehicles were approved in September 2021, entering service the following month. The Miramare Airport stop of the Metromare is located some 825 m (2,707 ft) by road away from the main entrance of Federico Fellini International Airport. The city council plans to transform the surrounding land into an urban park and a 200-space car park to serve the airport and seafront. To reach the airport, passengers descending from
8544-441: The works, which was later overturned. 200 protesters regathered at the site, and the felling was supervised by around 70 police officers. For her part in the protest, the carabinieri charged Tosi with complicity in the interruption of public works, criminal damage, and abuse of public office. Via Portovenere returned to local news in April 2015 after residents were given short notice to evacuate their courtyards and garages for works on
8640-527: Was about half completed by August 2017. In December 2017, the completed bus-only roadway was tested by conventional articulated buses from Start's existing fleet. In 2018, further works installed the remaining overhead wires, constructed the stops, and tested the automated control centre. Three AG300T trolleybuses from route 11 carried out the first tests of the wiring and substations of the TRC line in March 2018. By spring 2019, structural and vehicular testing along
8736-451: Was delayed. PMR levied a penalty of 1,000 euros per vehicle per day of delay. It declined an offer from the suppliers to use four experimental vehicles. In August 2019, the coordination committee decided to launch Metromare provisionally with buses. Local politicians criticised the replacement buses as polluting and incompatible with the platform for wheelchair users. Some also accused the provisional launch of being an electoral stunt ahead of
8832-522: Was delivered in 2014, but the dissolution of APTS led to uncertainty over who would build the remaining vehicles and what design would replace the Phileas design. By 2017, it had been agreed that Van Hool would replace the original order with one for nine of its ExquiCity 18T trolleybuses. (And the prototype Phileas vehicle was sold to a dealer in secondhand vehicles.) The fleet was supposed to be delivered between August 2019 and January 2020, but this delivery
8928-468: Was derided by local politicians as fanciful and much costlier than a shuttle service. A feasbility study concluded that the covered walkway would cost 13.7 million euros, with annual operating costs of 288,000 euros. In September 2021, the municipal council approved the replacement of the three-way directional interchange between the SS16 and the Via Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto with a roundabout. The project would include lit segregated pedestrian walkways and
9024-438: Was developed by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) to score BRT corridors, producing a list of rated BRT corridors meeting the minimum definition of BRT. The highest rated systems received a "gold" ranking. The latest edition of the standard was published in 2016. Other metrics used to evaluate BRT performance include: Based on this data, the minimum headway and maximum current vehicle capacities,
9120-503: Was inspired by the previous transport system of the National Urban Transport Company of Peru (In Spanish: ENATRU ), which only had quick access on Lima downtown , but it would not be considered BRT itself. Many of the elements that have become associated with BRT were innovations first suggested by Carlos Ceneviva, within the team of Curitiba Mayor Jaime Lerner . Initially just dedicated bus lanes in
9216-616: Was the first true BRT in Africa, in August 2009, carrying 16,000 daily passengers. Rea Vaya and MIO (BRT in Cali , Colombia, opened 2009) were the first two systems to combine full BRT with some services that also operated in mixed traffic, then joined the BRT trunk infrastructure. In 2017 Marrakesh , Morocco, opened its first BRT Marrakesh trolleybus system (BHNS De Marrakesh) trolleybuses Corridors of 8 km (5.0 mi), of which 3 km (1.9 mi) of overhead wiring for operation as trolleybus. BRT systems normally include most of
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