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96-416: The " Mexican National Anthem " ( Spanish : Himno Nacional Mexicano , pronounced ['imno nasjo'nal mexi'kano] ; Nahuatl languages : Mexihcaletepetlacuicalt ), also known by its incipit " Mexicans, at the cry of war " ( Spanish : Mexicanos, al grito de guerra ), is the national anthem of Mexico . The lyrics of the national anthem, which allude to historical Mexican military victories in
192-646: A Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano developed in the southern Philippines. However, it is not mutually intelligible with Spanish. The number of Chavacano-speakers was estimated at 1.2 million in 1996. The local languages of the Philippines also retain significant Spanish influence, with many words derived from Mexican Spanish , owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through New Spain until 1821, until direct governance from Madrid afterwards to 1898. Diario Oficial de la Federaci%C3%B3n Too Many Requests If you report this error to
288-405: A common name ( masiosare or the homophone maciosare ) for the anthem itself or for a threat against the country. Though the de facto language of Mexico is Spanish, there are still people who only speak indigenous languages . On December 8, 2005, Article 39 of the national symbols law was adopted to allow for the translation of the lyrics into the native languages. The official translation
384-476: A competition to write a national anthem for Mexico. The competition offered a prize for the best poetic composition representing patriotic ideals. Francisco González Bocanegra , a talented poet, was not interested in participating in the competition. He argued that writing love poems involved very different skills from the ones required to write a national anthem. His fiancée, Guadalupe González del Pino (or Pili), had undaunted faith in her fiancé's poetic skills and
480-603: A considerable number of words from Arabic , as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latin , the form of Latin in use at that time. According to
576-690: A copy of the lyrics and the musical notation will be kept at two locations, the General National Archive and at the National Library, located in the National Museum of History ( Biblioteca Nacional en el Museo Nacional de Historia ). Chapter 5 of the Law goes into more detail about how to honor, respect and properly perform the national anthem. Article 38 states that the singing, playing, reproduction and circulation of
672-522: A dramatic change in the pronunciation of its sibilant consonants , known in Spanish as the reajuste de las sibilantes , which resulted in the distinctive velar [x] pronunciation of the letter ⟨j⟩ and—in a large part of Spain—the characteristic interdental [θ] ("th-sound") for the letter ⟨z⟩ (and for ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ ). See History of Spanish (Modern development of
768-482: A first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos ( Ilustrados ). Despite a public education system set up by the colonial government, by the end of Spanish rule in 1898, only about 10% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, mostly those of Spanish descent or elite standing. Spanish continued to be official and used in Philippine literature and press during the early years of American administration after
864-496: A foreign enemy would dare") uses mas and osare , archaic poetic forms. Modern prose speakers would use Pero si se atreviera un enemigo extranjero . Thus, the verse has sometimes been miunderstood as Masiosare, un extraño enemigo ("Masiosare, a strange enemy") with Masiosare , an otherwise unused word, as the name of the enemy. "Masiosare" has been used in Mexico as a first name for real and fictional people and as
960-511: A high concentration of Mexican expatriates are found. The national anthem has also been described as one of the symbols of the "Mexican identity". On the rare occasions when someone performs the national anthem incorrectly, the federal government has been known to impose penalties to maintain the "dignity" of the national symbols. One example is when a performer forgot some of the lyrics at an association football match in Guadalajara , she
1056-572: A la lid contra hueste enemiga nos convoca la trompa guerrera, de Iturbide la sacra bandera ¡Mexicanos! valientes seguid. Y a los fieros bridones les sirvan las vencidas enseñas de alfombra; los laureles del triunfo den sombra 𝄆 a la frente del bravo adalid. 𝄇 Coro VIII Vuelva altivo a los patrios hogares el guerrero a cantar su victoria, ostentando las palmas de gloria que supiera en la lid conquistar. Tornaránse sus lauros sangrientos en guirnaldas de mirtos y rosas, que el amor de las hijas y esposas 𝄆 también sabe
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#17327806928731152-462: A lidiar con valor. ¡Para ti las guirnaldas de oliva! ¡Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria! ¡Un laurel para ti de victoria! 𝄆 ¡Un sepulcro para ellos de honor! 𝄇 Coro Chorus: Mexicans, at the cry of war, assemble the steel and the bridle, 𝄆 and the Earth trembles to its core to the resounding roar of the cannon. 𝄇 I Encircle Oh Fatherland!, your temples with olives
1248-1949: A lidiar con valor. ¡Para ti las guirnaldas de oliva! ¡Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria! ¡Un laurel para ti de victoria! 𝄆 ¡Un sepulcro para ellos de honor! 𝄇 Coro Chorus: [me.xi.ˈka.nos al ˈgɾi.to‿ðe‿ˈɣe.ra] [el a.ˈse.ɾo‿a.pɾes.ˈtað j‿el‿βɾi.ˈðon] 𝄆 [i re.ˈtjem.bl(e)‿en sus ˈsen.tɾoz‿la ˈtje.ra] [al so.ˈno.ɾo ru.ˈxiɾ‿ðel ka.ˈɲon] 𝄇 I [ˈsi.ɲa‿o ˈpa.tɾja tus ˈsje.nez‿ðe‿o.ˈli.βa] [de la pas el aɾ.ˈkaŋ.xel di.ˈβi.no] [k(e)‿en el ˈsje.lo tu‿e.ˈteɾ.no‿ðes.ˈti.no] [poɾ el ˈde.ðo‿ðe‿ðjos s(e)‿es.kɾi.ˈβjo] [mas si‿o.ˈsa.ɾe‿un eks.ˈtɾa.ɲo‿e.ne.ˈmi.ɣo] [pɾo.fa.ˈnaɾ kon su ˈplan.ta tu ˈswe.lo] [ˈpjen.sa‿o ˈpa.tɾja ke.ˈɾi.ða k(e)‿el ˈsje.lo] 𝄆 [un sol.ˈda.ðo‿eŋ‿ˈka.ða ˈi.xo te‿ðjo] 𝄇 Chorus II [ˈge.ra‿ˈɣe.ra sin ˈtɾeɣ.w(a)‿al ke‿in.ˈten.te] [de la ˈpa.tɾja man.ˈt͡ʃaɾ loz‿βla.ˈso.nes] [ˈge.ra‿ˈɣe.ra los ˈpa.tɾjos pen.ˈdo.nes] [en las o.laz‿ðe ˈsaŋ.gɾ(e)‿em.pa.ˈpað] [ˈge.ra‿ˈɣe.ra‿en el ˈmon.t(e)‿en el‿βa.ʝe] [los ka.ˈɲo.nes o.ˈri.so.nos ˈtɾwe.nen] [i los ˈe.kos so.ˈno.ɾoz‿re.ˈswe.nen] 𝄆 [kon laz‿ˈβo.sez‿ðe‿un.ˈjon li.βeɾ.ˈtað] 𝄇 Chorus III [ˈan.tes ˈpa.tɾja ke‿in.ˈeɾ.mes tus ˈi.xos] [ˈba.xo‿el ˈɟʝu.ɣo su ˈkwe.ʝo‿ðo.ˈβle.ɣen] [tus kam.ˈpi.ɲas kon ˈsaŋ.gɾe se ˈrje.ɣen] [ˈso.βɾe ˈsaŋ.gɾe s(e)‿es.ˈtam.pe su pje] [i tus ˈtem.plos pa.ˈla.sjos i ˈto.res] [se‿ðe.ˈrum.ben kon ˈo.ri.ðo(‿)es.ˈtɾwen.do] [i suz‿ˈrwi.nas eɣ.ˈsis.tan di.ˈsjen.do] 𝄆 [de mil ˈe.ɾoez‿la ˈpa.tɾj(a)‿a.ˈki fwe] 𝄇 Chorus IV [ˈpa.tɾja ˈpa.tɾja tus ˈi.xos te ˈxu.ɾan] [ek.sa.ˈlaɾ en tus ˈa.ɾas su‿a.ˈljen.to] [si‿el kla.ˈɾin kon su‿ˈβe.li.ko‿a.ˈsen.to] [los kom.ˈbo.k(a)‿a li.ˈðjaɾ kon ba.ˈloɾ] [ˈpa.ɾa ti laz‿ɣiɾ.ˈnal.daz‿ðe‿o.ˈli.βa] [un re.ˈkweɾ.ðo ˈpa.ɾa(‿)ˈe.ʝoz‿ðe‿ˈɣlo.ɾja] [un lau.ˈɾel ˈpa.ɾa ti‿ðe‿βik.ˈto.ɾja] 𝄆 [un se.ˈpul.kɾo ˈpa.ɾa ˈe.ʝoz‿ðe‿o.ˈnoɾ] 𝄇 Chorus Chorus: Mexicans, at
1344-478: A long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century. In the wake of the 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty , hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States. The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce. According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of
1440-478: A los bravos premiar. 𝄇 Coro IX Y el que al golpe de ardiente metralla, de la Patria en las aras sucumba, obtendrá en recompensa una tumba donde brille, de gloria, la luz. Y, de Iguala, la enseña querida a su espada sangrienta enlazada, de laurel inmortal coronada, 𝄆 formará de su fosa la cruz. 𝄇 Coro X ¡Patria! ¡Patria! tus hijos te juran Exhalar en tus aras su aliento, Si el clarín con su bélico acento los convoca
1536-1317: A ornar. 𝄇 Coro III Como al golpe del rayo la encina, se derrumba hasta el hondo torrente la discordia vencida, impotente, a los pies del arcángel cayó. Ya no más, de tus hijos la sangre, se derrame en contienda de hermanos; sólo encuentre el acero en sus manos 𝄆 quien tu nombre sagrado insultó. 𝄇 Coro IV Del guerrero inmortal de Zempoala te defiende la espada terrible, y sostiene su brazo invencible tu sagrado pendón tricolor. Él será del feliz mexicano en la paz y en la guerra el caudillo. porque él supo sus armas de brillo 𝄆 circundar en los campos de honor. 𝄇 Coro V ¡Guerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente de la patria manchar los blasones! ¡Guerra, guerra! los patrios pendones en las olas de sangre empapad. ¡Guerra, guerra! en el monte, en el valle, los cañones horrísonos truenen, y los ecos sonoros resuenen 𝄆 con las voces de ¡Unión! ¡Libertad! 𝄇 Coro VI Antes, Patria, que inermes tus hijos bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen, tus campiñas con sangre se rieguen, sobre sangre se estampe su pie. Y tus templos, palacios y torres se derrumben con hórrido estruendo, y sus ruinas existan diciendo: 𝄆 de mil héroes la patria aquí fue. 𝄇 Coro VII Si
1632-508: A primarily Hassaniya Arabic -speaking territory, Spanish was officially spoken as the language of the colonial administration during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Spanish is present in the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its secondary official language, and in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf ( Algeria ), where the Spanish language is still taught as
1728-617: A second language features characteristics involving the variability of the vowel system. While far from its heyday during the Spanish protectorate in Morocco , the Spanish language has some presence in northern Morocco , stemming for example from the availability of certain Spanish-language media. According to a 2012 survey by Morocco's Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES), penetration of Spanish in Morocco reaches 4.6% of
1824-531: A second language, largely by Cuban educators. The number of Spanish speakers is unknown. Spanish is also an official language of the African Union . Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization , it was the language of government, trade, and education, and was spoken as
1920-478: A second national contest to find music for the lyrics. At the end of the second contest, the music that was chosen for González's lyrics was composed by Jaime Nunó , the then Catalonian -born King of Spain 's band leader. At the time of the second anthem competition, Nunó was the leader of several Mexican military bands. He had been invited to direct these bands by President Santa Anna , whom he had met in Cuba . About
2016-553: A soldier in every son. 𝄇 Chorus II War, war! with no mercy to any who shall try to tarnish the coats of arms of the Fatherland! War, war! The national banners Shall be drenched in the waves of blood. War, war! On the mountain, in the valley, The cannons thunder in horrid unison and the sonorous echoes resound 𝄆 with bellows of Union! Liberty! 𝄇 Chorus III O, Fatherland, if however your children, defenseless With their necks bent beneath
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#17327806928732112-400: A tomb where the light of glory shines. And, of Iguala, the dear ensign linked to his bloody sword, crowned with an immortal laurel, 𝄆 will form the cross from his grave. 𝄇 Chorus X Fatherland! Fatherland! Your children assure to breathe until their last for your sake, if the bugle with its bellicose accent calls them together to battle with courage. For you,
2208-477: A tool against people who might not be "true Mexicans" (as opposed to migrants from another Latin American country who pretend that they are from Mexico). The suspected are asked to sing Mexico's national anthem and it is widely expected that only "true Mexicans" will know the lyrics and tune and thus will be able to sing it. In one case, a young man of Afro-Mexican descent was stopped by police and forced to sing
2304-546: Is Mexico . Spanish is part of the Ibero-Romance language group , in which the language is also known as Castilian ( castellano ). The group evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of
2400-416: Is cognate to the root word of satisfacer ("to satisfy"), and hecho ("made") is similarly cognate to the root word of satisfecho ("satisfied"). Compare the examples in the following table: Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table: In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish underwent
2496-413: Is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world. Spanish is well represented in the humanities and social sciences . Spanish is also the third most used language on the internet by number of users after English and Chinese and the second most used language by number of websites after English. Spanish is used as an official language by many international organizations , including
2592-673: Is an accepted version of this page Spanish ( español ) or Castilian ( castellano ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe . Today, it is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain , and about 600 million when including second language speakers. Spanish
2688-454: Is estimated that about 486 million people speak Spanish as a native language , making it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers . An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign language , making it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of 538 million speakers. Spanish is also
2784-761: Is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish. In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of Mercosur in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in Brazil . In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President , making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In September 2016 this law
2880-1970: Is performed by the National Institute of Indigenous Languages ( Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas ). Officially, the national anthem has been translated into the following native languages: Chinanteco , Hña Hñu , Mixtec , Maya , Nahuatl and Tenek . Other native groups have translated the anthem into their respective language, but it has not been sanctioned by the Government. Coro: Ihcuca yaotl tenochnotzas mexihca, Ticanacan temicti tepuztli. Ihuan huelihqui ma tlacohcomoni, Ihcuac totepuz cueponiz nohuian. I Tlazohtlalnan ximoixcuaxochtlali In pahcayotl nemiliztli cecnitlaca, Ilhuicapa monemiliz nochipa Omohcuilo ica imahpiltzin toteo. Tlaquinequizque in huehca chanehque Motlalticpac quintlalizque in icxihuan Tlazohtlalnan xicmati ca mopilhuan Quin yecanaz toteotzin ipan yaotl. Coro V Yaotl, yaotl in aquin yaotenchuaz Quin tlilehuaz in tlazohilalan, Yaotl, yaotl in tlazohtlalnan pantli Ma paltilo ihtech xalatlyezpozonal. Yaotl yaotl ipan ixtlahual in cuactla Ihcuac mocaquiz temictiani tepuztli, Inanhquilo in tlaototoponal Tlamach tzatziloz nemaquixtiliz. Coro VI Achto tiquin mopilhuan tazohtlalnan Cuatlanepantetech iquechpa motemahca Mamoyeznalocan in tlen ixtlahuahme, Ihpan eztli icxihuan quintlaliz Ihuan moteocalhuan, hueicalhuan tzilinal Mahuetzican ica tlalcocomonal Ihuan cemihcac quitozqui in tapanzol Miac mahuiztli oyeni tlazohtlalnan. Coro X Tlazontlalnan mopilhuan mitzilhuia Ca nochipa mopampa mihmiquizque Tla technotzaz in yaoltlapitzalli Ica itenyo huclihqui quemhmanian. Inic tehuatl iztaque xochime Inic yehuan ce ilhuica ilnamiquiliz Cente tlatzaca tlatlaniliz moaxca Ce mahuiztic tecochtli inic yeh. Coro Spanish language This
2976-844: Is spoken by very small communities in Angola due to Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned for their country's independence. Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in Africa, namely the cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 km (62 mi) off
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3072-813: Is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of New Mexico . The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of Los Angeles , Miami , San Antonio , New York , San Francisco , Dallas , Tucson and Phoenix of the Arizona Sun Corridor , as well as more recently, Chicago , Las Vegas , Boston , Denver , Houston , Indianapolis , Philadelphia , Cleveland , Salt Lake City , Atlanta , Nashville , Orlando , Tampa , Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. Although Spanish has no official recognition in
3168-498: Is the official language of 20 countries , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese ; the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English , Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani ( Hindi - Urdu ); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers
3264-578: Is usually assumed to be derived from castillo ('castle'). In the Middle Ages , the language spoken in Castile was generically referred to as Romance and later also as Lengua vulgar . Later in the period, it gained geographical specification as Romance castellano ( romanz castellano , romanz de Castiella ), lenguaje de Castiella , and ultimately simply as castellano (noun). Different etymologies have been suggested for
3360-568: The Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao ( ABC Islands ) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency. The local language Papiamentu (Papiamento on Aruba)
3456-508: The Spanish–American War but was eventually replaced by English as the primary language of administration and education by the 1920s. Nevertheless, despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines upon independence in 1946, alongside English and Filipino , a standardized version of Tagalog . Spanish was briefly removed from official status in 1973 but reimplemented under
3552-764: The United Nations , European Union , Organization of American States , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , African Union , among others. In Spain and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only español but also castellano (Castilian), the language from the Kingdom of Castile , contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician , Basque , Asturian , Catalan/Valencian , Aragonese , Occitan and other minor languages. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses
3648-404: The 2021–2022 school year alone. The local business process outsourcing industry has also helped boost the language's economic prospects. Today, while the actual number of proficient Spanish speakers is around 400,000, or under 0.5% of the population, a new generation of Spanish speakers in the Philippines has likewise emerged, though speaker estimates vary widely. Aside from standard Spanish,
3744-595: The 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara , and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City . For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language . Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As of 2023, it
3840-654: The Equatoguinean education system and is the primary language used in government and business. Whereas it is not the mother tongue of virtually any of its speakers, the vast majority of the population is proficient in Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes estimates that 87.7% of the population is fluent in Spanish. The proportion of proficient Spanish speakers in Equatorial Guinea exceeds the proportion of proficient speakers in other West and Central African nations of their respective colonial languages. Spanish
3936-415: The Fatherland once was. 𝄇 Chorus VII If to the fight against enemy host, the war horn summons us, the sacred flag of Iturbide , Mexicans! brave, keep going. And to the fierce bridoons , let serve them the defeated ensigns as a carpet; the laurels of triumph give shade 𝄆 to the forehead of the brave commander. 𝄇 Chorus VIII To the patriotic homes returns proud
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4032-705: The Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Proto-Basque , Iberian , Lusitanian , Celtiberian and Gallaecian . The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era , the most important influences on the Spanish lexicon came from neighboring Romance languages — Mozarabic ( Andalusi Romance ), Navarro-Aragonese , Leonese , Catalan/Valencian , Portuguese , Galician , Occitan , and later, French and Italian . Spanish also borrowed
4128-553: The Mexican anthem will be played first, then the guest state's national anthem. Article 48 states that at embassies and consulates of Mexico, the national anthem is played at ceremonies of a solemn nature that involves the Mexican people. If the anthem is played outside of Mexico, Article 48 requires that the Secretary of External Relations ( Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores ), through proper channels, must grant permission for
4224-401: The Mexican flag must be displayed at the same time the anthem is playing. Article 42 states that the anthem may only be used during the following occasions: solemn acts of official, civic, cultural, scholastic or sport character. The anthem can also be played to render honors to the Mexican flag and to the President of Mexico . If the national anthem is being used to honor the national flag or
4320-540: The Old Spanish sibilants) for details. The Gramática de la lengua castellana , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija , was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella I , she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to
4416-525: The President, the short version of the anthem is played. Article 43 says that special musical honors may be paid to the President and the flag, but no more than once during the same ceremony. Article 44 says that during solemn occasions, if a choir is singing the anthem, the military bands will keep silent. Article 45 says that those who are watching the national anthem performance must stand at attention ( firmes ) and remove any headgear. Article 46 states that
4512-589: The Royal Spanish Academy) states that, although the Royal Spanish Academy prefers to use the term español in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms— español and castellano —are regarded as synonymous and equally valid. The term castellano is related to Castile ( Castilla or archaically Castiella ), the kingdom where the language was originally spoken. The name Castile , in turn,
4608-560: The Secretary of the Interior ( Secretaría de Gobernación ) and the diplomatic official from the nation in question. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Public Education ( Secretaría de Educación Pública ), in Article 40, must grant permission for all reproductions of the national anthem to be produced, unless the anthem is being played during official ceremonies carried on radio or television . Article 41 states that
4704-452: The State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities... The Royal Spanish Academy ( Real Academia Española ), on the other hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. However, from 1713 to 1923, it called the language castellano . The Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (a language guide published by
4800-502: The U.S. population were of Hispanic or Hispanic American by origin. In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population. Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico , where it is also an official language along with English. Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included. While English
4896-488: The United States. According to historian Javier Garciadiego, who spoke at a 2004 ceremony commemorating the 150th anniversary of the national anthem's adoption, the song disregards divisions and strife and encourages national unity. On that same date, Mexico City and other parts of the country stopped what they were doing and performed a nationwide singing of the national anthem. Individuals from other countries also participated, mostly at diplomatic offices or at locations where
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#17327806928734992-457: The administration of Ferdinand Marcos two months later. It remained an official language until the ratification of the present constitution in 1987, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. Additionally, the constitution, in its Article XIV, stipulates that the Government shall provide the people of the Philippines with a Spanish-language translation of
5088-423: The anthem. This might be the version that some have suggested is copyrighted in the United States. However, United States copyright law declares the Mexican anthem to be in the public domain inside the United States, since both the lyrics and music were published before 1923. Furthermore, under Mexican copyright law, Article 155 states that the government holds moral rights , but not property rights, to symbols of
5184-1959: The chorus interspersed between each stanza and performed again at the end). The modification of the lyrics was ordered by President Manuel Ávila Camacho in a decree printed in the Diario Oficial de la Federación . When the national anthem is played at sporting events such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup , an abridged form (chorus, stanza I, chorus) is used. An unofficial semi-abridged form (chorus, stanza I, chorus, stanza X, chorus) has gained some acceptance in television and radio programming. Coro: Mexicanos, al grito de guerra El acero aprestad y el bridón, 𝄆 Y retiemble en sus centros la tierra Al sonoro rugir del cañón. 𝄇 I Ciña ¡Oh Patria! tus sienes de oliva de la paz el arcángel divino, que en el cielo tu eterno destino por el dedo de Dios se escribió. Mas si osare un extraño enemigo profanar con su planta tu suelo, piensa ¡oh Patria querida! que el cielo 𝄆 un soldado en cada hijo te dio. 𝄇 Coro II ¡Guerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente de la patria manchar los blasones! ¡Guerra, guerra! los patrios pendones en las olas de sangre empapad. ¡Guerra, guerra! en el monte, en el valle, los cañones horrísonos truenen, y los ecos sonoros resuenen 𝄆 con las voces de ¡Unión! ¡Libertad!. 𝄇 Coro III Antes, Patria, que inermes tus hijos bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen, tus campiñas con sangre se rieguen, sobre sangre se estampe su pie. Y tus templos, palacios y torres se derrumben con hórrido estruendo, y sus ruinas existan diciendo: 𝄆 de mil héroes la patria aquí fue. 𝄇 Coro IV ¡Patria! ¡Patria! tus hijos te juran exhalar en tus aras su aliento, si el clarín con su bélico acento los convoca
5280-684: The classic hispanus or hispanicus took the suffix -one from Vulgar Latin , as happened with other words such as bretón (Breton) or sajón (Saxon). Like the other Romance languages , the Spanish language evolved from Vulgar Latin , which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans during the Second Punic War , beginning in 210 BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages )—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages , and some that are not related at all—were previously spoken in
5376-624: The coats of arms of the Fatherland! War, war! The national banners Shall be drenched in the waves of blood. War, war! On the mountain, in the valley, The cannons thunder in horrid unison and the sonorous echoes resound 𝄆 with bellows of Union! Liberty! 𝄇 Chorus VI O, Fatherland, if however your children, defenseless With their necks bent beneath the yoke, May your fields be watered with blood, May their footsteps be printed with blood. And your temples, palaces and towers Shall collapse with horrid clamor, And your ruins continue on, whispering: 𝄆 Of one thousand heroes,
5472-500: The consonant written b (a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones). In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and v . Typical of Spanish (as also of neighboring Gascon extending as far north as the Gironde estuary , and found in a small area of Calabria ), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it
5568-404: The country's constitution. In recent years changing attitudes among non-Spanish speaking Filipinos have helped spur a revival of the language, and starting in 2009 Spanish was reintroduced as part of the basic education curriculum in a number of public high schools, becoming the largest foreign language program offered by the public school system, with over 7,000 students studying the language in
5664-451: The cry of war, assemble the steel and the bridle, 𝄆 and may the Earth tremble to its core to the resounding roar of the cannon. 𝄇 I Encircle Oh Fatherland!, your temples with olives peace by the divine archangel, for in heaven your eternal destiny by the finger of God it was written. If, however, a foreign enemy would dare to profane Your ground with their sole, think, Oh beloved Fatherland!, that Heaven 𝄆 has given
5760-433: The divine archangel of Peace, for in heaven your eternal destiny was written by the finger of God. If, however, a foreign enemy would dare to profane Your ground with their sole, think, Oh beloved Fatherland!, that Heaven 𝄆 has given a soldier in every son. 𝄇 Chorus II In bloody battles you saw them, their chests palpitating for your love, face the shrapnel calm, and seek death or glory. If
5856-485: The door. After Francisco received approval from his fiancée and her father, he submitted the poem and won the competition by unanimous vote. González was announced the winner in the publication Official Journal of the Federation (DOF) on February 3, 1854. A musical composition was chosen at the same time as the lyrics. The winner was Juan Bottesini , but his entry was disliked due to aesthetics. This rejection caused
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#17327806928735952-683: The following table: Spanish is marked by palatalization of the Latin double consonants ( geminates ) nn and ll (thus Latin annum > Spanish año , and Latin anellum > Spanish anillo ). The consonant written u or v in Latin and pronounced [w] in Classical Latin had probably " fortified " to a bilabial fricative /β/ in Vulgar Latin. In early Spanish (but not in Catalan or Portuguese) it merged with
6048-466: The former British colony of Belize (known until 1973 as British Honduras ) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language. Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing native Spanish speaking minority, Trinidad and Tobago has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched
6144-604: The grammar, dated 18 August 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire." From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America . Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes"). In
6240-439: The heat of battle and including cries of defending the homeland, were composed by poet Francisco González Bocanegra after a Federal contest in 1853. Later, in 1854, he asked Jaime Nunó to compose the music that now accompanies González's poem. The national anthem, consisting of ten stanzas and a chorus, effectively entered into use on September 16, 1854. On November 12, 1853, President Antonio López de Santa Anna announced
6336-556: The language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century. Spanish colonialism in the early modern period spurred the introduction of the language to overseas locations, most notably to the Americas. As a Romance language, Spanish is a descendant of Latin. Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is Latin in origin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Alongside English and French , it
6432-549: The language's hegemony in an intensely centralising Spanish state were established from the 18th century onward. Other European territories in which it is also widely spoken include Gibraltar and Andorra . Spanish is also spoken by immigrant communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Germany . Spanish is an official language of the European Union . Today,
6528-407: The lyrics of the second stanza and mixed it with others", this earned the fanfare of those who were present at the stadium (and those watching it live on TV), some of the people attending the inauguration started shouting the phrases " ¡sáquenlo!, ¡no se lo sabe! ¡fuera, fuera! " (Get him out! He doesn't know it! Out, out!). In addition, the national anthem is sometimes used as a kind of shibboleth :
6624-694: The majority of the Spanish speakers live in Hispanic America . Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either de facto or de jure —of Argentina , Bolivia (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní ), Peru (co-official with Quechua , Aymara , and "the other indigenous languages"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay , and Venezuela . Spanish language has
6720-401: The memory of ancient deeds of your children inflames the mind, the laurels of triumph, your forehead 𝄆 they will return immortal to adorn. 𝄇 Chorus III Like the holm oak struck by lightning, to the deep torrent collapses discord, defeated, impotent, it fell to the feet of the archangel. No more, the blood of your children, spills in fight of brothers; just find
6816-449: The national anthem are regulated by law and that any interpretation of the anthem must be performed in a "respectful way and in a scope that allows [one] to observe the due solemnity" of the anthem. Article 39 prohibits the anthem from being altered in any fashion, prohibits it from being sung for commercial or promotional purposes, and also disallows the singing or playing of national anthems from other nations, unless you have permission from
6912-412: The national anthem is required to be played at the sign-on or sign-off of radio and television programming; with the advent of 24-hour programming schedules in the 1990s and 2000s, many stations now do so at or as close to midnight and 6 a.m. local time as possible by interpretation of the former traditional times of sign-on and sign-off. The extra requirement for television programming is that photos of
7008-485: The national anthem must be taught to children who are attending primary or secondary school; this article was amended in 2005 to add pre-school to the list. The article also states that each school in the National Education System ( Sistema Educativo Nacional ) will be asked to sing the national anthem each year. Article 47 states that in an official ceremony in which is need to play another anthem,
7104-531: The national anthem to be played and will also ensure that the anthem is not sung for commercial purposes. At the time the Mexican national anthem was written, Mexico was still facing the effects of a bitter defeat in the Mexican–American War at the hands of the United States . The country felt demoralized and also divided, due to the cession of more than half of its territory due to its defeat to
7200-589: The national anthem to prove his nationality. In a separate incident in Japan, police officers asked four people to sing the Mexican national anthem after they were arrested in Tokyo on charges of breaking and entering. However, when they could not sing the song, it was discovered that they were Colombians holding forged Mexican passports. They were later charged with more counts on theft of merchandise and money. The verse Mas si osare un extraño enemigo ("If, however,
7296-734: The northwest of the African mainland. The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands traces its origins back to the Castilian conquest in the 15th century , and, in addition to a resemblance to Western Andalusian speech patterns, it also features strong influence from the Spanish varieties spoken in the Americas, which in turn have also been influenced historically by Canarian Spanish. The Spanish spoken in North Africa by native bilingual speakers of Arabic or Berber who also speak Spanish as
7392-405: The olive wreaths! For them, a reminder of glory! For you, a laurel of victory! 𝄆 For them, a tomb of honor! 𝄇 Chorus An urban legend about the copyright status of the anthem states that years after its first performance, Nunó's family sold the musical rights to a German music publishing company named Wagner House. Originally, Nunó was supposed to have turned the music rights over to
7488-978: The olive wreaths! For them, a reminder of glory! For you, a laurel of victory! 𝄆 For them, a tomb of honor! 𝄇 Chorus The following is the original and complete version of the anthem as it became known in 1853. Coro: Mexicanos, al grito de guerra El acero aprestad y el bridón, 𝄆 Y retiemble en sus centros la tierra Al sonoro rugir del cañón. 𝄇 I Ciña ¡Oh Patria! tus sienes de oliva de la paz el arcángel divino, que en el cielo tu eterno destino por el dedo de Dios se escribió. Mas si osare un extraño enemigo profanar con su planta tu suelo, piensa ¡oh Patria querida! que el cielo 𝄆 un soldado en cada hijo te dio. 𝄇 Coro II En sangrientos combates los viste por tu amor palpitando sus senos, arrostrar la metralla serenos, y la muerte o la gloria buscar. Si el recuerdo de antiguas hazañas de tus hijos inflama la mente, los laureles del triunfo, tu frente, 𝄆 volverán inmortales
7584-533: The population. Many northern Moroccans have rudimentary knowledge of Spanish, with Spanish being particularly significant in areas adjacent to Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish also has a presence in the education system of the country (through either selected education centers implementing Spain's education system, primarily located in the North, or the availability of Spanish as foreign language subject in secondary education). In Western Sahara , formerly Spanish Sahara ,
7680-467: The state in exchange for a prize from the Mexican government. However, according to the myth, the copyright changed hands again, this time to Nunó himself and two Americans , Harry Henneman and Phil Hill. In reality, this is not correct. It is true that Nunó, Henneman and Hill did register the music with the company BMI (BMI Work #568879), with the Edward B. Marks Music Company as the listed publisher of
7776-577: The state, such as the national anthem, coat of arms and the national flag . In the second chapter of the Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem ( Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales ), the national anthem is described in very brief terms. While Articles 2 and 3 discuss in detail the coat of arms and the flag , respectively, Article 4 mentions only that the national anthem will be designated by law. Article 4 also mentions that
7872-477: The steel in his hands 𝄆 whoever insulted your sacred name. 𝄇 Chorus IV Of the immortal warrior of Zempoala the terrible sword defends you, and its invincible arm upholds your sacred tricolour banner. He will be, of the happy Mexican, the caudillo in peace and in war. because he knew how, his guns of brilliance, 𝄆 to surround in the fields of honour. 𝄇 Chorus V War, war! with no mercy to any who shall try to tarnish
7968-415: The term castellano to define the official language of the whole of Spain, in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "the other Spanish languages "). Article III reads as follows: El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Castilian is the official Spanish language of
8064-537: The term español (Spanish). According to the Royal Spanish Academy, español derives from the Occitan word espaignol and that, in turn, derives from the Vulgar Latin * hispaniolus ('of Hispania'). Hispania was the Roman name for the entire Iberian Peninsula . There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy. Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal suggested that
8160-444: The theories of Ramón Menéndez Pidal , local sociolects of Vulgar Latin evolved into Spanish, in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos , and this dialect was later brought to the city of Toledo , where the written standard of Spanish was first developed, in the 13th century. In this formative stage, Spanish developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese , and, according to some authors,
8256-640: The third most used language on the Internet , after English and Chinese. Spanish is the official language of Spain . Upon the emergence of the Castilian Crown as the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the Middle Ages, the Romance vernacular associated with this polity became increasingly used in instances of prestige and influence, and the distinction between "Castilian" and "Spanish" started to become blurred. Hard policies imposing
8352-399: The time that Nunó first came to Mexico to start performing with the bands, Santa Anna was making his announcement about creating a national anthem for Mexico. Nunó's anthem music composition was made like masterpieces of classical music , with a high quality in composition, and was chosen. Out of the few musical compositions submitted, Nunó's music, titled "God and Freedom" ("Dios y libertad"),
8448-404: The warrior to sing his victory, showing off the palms of glory that he knew how to conquer in the fight. Their bloody laurels will turn into garlands of myrtles and roses, since the love of daughters and wives 𝄆 also knows how to reward the brave. 𝄇 Chorus IX And he who, to the blow of burning shrapnel, succumbs in the altars of the fatherland, will obtain in reward
8544-485: The yoke, May your fields be watered with blood, May their footsteps be printed with blood. And your temples, palaces and towers Shall collapse with horrid clamor, And your ruins continue on, whispering: 𝄆 Of one thousand heroes, the Fatherland once was. 𝄇 Chorus IV Fatherland! Fatherland! Your children assure to breathe until their last for your sake, if the bugle with its bellicose accent calls them together to battle with courage. For you,
8640-504: Was chosen as the winner on August 12, 1854. The song was officially adopted as the Mexican national anthem on Independence Day , September 16 of that same year. The inaugural performance was directed by Juan Bottesini, sung by soprano Claudia Florenti and tenor Lorenzo Salvi at the Santa Anna Theatre . Officially since 1943, the full national anthem consists of the chorus and first, fifth, sixth, and tenth stanzas (with
8736-634: Was developed in the cities of Toledo , in the 13th to 16th centuries, and Madrid , from the 1570s. The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages , including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin vīta > Spanish vida ). The diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in
8832-644: Was displeased with his constant refusal to participate in spite of her constant prodding and requests from their friends. Under false pretenses, she lured him to a secluded bedroom in her parents' house, locked him into the room, and refused to let him out until he produced an entry for the competition. Inside the room in which he was temporarily imprisoned were pictures depicting various events in Mexican history which helped to inspire his work. After four hours of fluent (albeit forced) inspiration, Francisco regained his freedom by slipping all ten verses of his creation under
8928-622: Was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages ). This distinctive dialect spread to southern Spain with the advance of the Reconquista , and meanwhile gathered a sizable lexical influence from the Arabic of Al-Andalus , much of it indirectly, through the Romance Mozarabic dialects (some 4,000 Arabic -derived words, make up around 8% of the language today). The written standard for this new language
9024-635: Was fined $ 400 MXN by the Interior Ministry and released an apology letter to the country through the Interior Ministry. Another infamous case is that of banda musician Julio Preciado , who performed the national anthem at the inauguration of the Caribbean Baseball Series in 2009; El Universal reported that "in a slow tone that has nothing to do with the rhythm of the National Anthem, the singer literally forgot
9120-713: Was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. The h- , still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects, it is still aspirated in some words. Because of borrowings from Latin and neighboring Romance languages, there are many f -/ h - doublets in modern Spanish: Fernando and Hernando (both Spanish for "Ferdinand"), ferrero and herrero (both Spanish for "smith"), fierro and hierro (both Spanish for "iron"), and fondo and hondo (both words pertaining to depth in Spanish, though fondo means "bottom", while hondo means "deep"); additionally, hacer ("to make")
9216-462: Was revoked by Michel Temer after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken. Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish-speaking country located entirely in Africa, with the language introduced during the Spanish colonial period . Enshrined in the constitution as an official language (alongside French and Portuguese), Spanish features prominently in
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