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103-484: Mera Naam Joker ( transl.   My Name Is Joker ) is a 1970 Indian romantic drama film , directed, edited and produced by Raj Kapoor under his banner R. K. Films , and written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas . The film stars Raj Kapoor as the eponymous character, with his son Rishi Kapoor making his screen debut playing his younger version, along with Simi Garewal , Kseniya Ryabinkina , Padmini , Manoj Kumar and Dharmendra in supporting roles. The plot focuses on

206-490: A special relationship . Russia and India, both, consider their mutual affinity to be a "special and privileged strategic partnership". Their governments support the creation of a multipolar world order in which both nations are "poles". Traditionally, the Indo-Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major components: politics , defence , civil nuclear energy , anti-terrorism co-operation , as well as

309-449: A cult classic and is regarded as one of Raj Kapoor's best films and among the best Bollywood films of the 20th century. The film is now regarded as one of Kapoor's finest works, with film experts labeling it as a "misunderstood masterpiece". An abridged version was released in the 1980s and had a highly successful run at the box office. Kapoor termed it his favourite film and described it as having much philosophical depth and meaning. In

412-539: A 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 85% of Russians view India positively, with only 9% expressing a negative view. Similarly, a 2017 opinion poll by the Moscow -based non-governmental think tank Levada-Center states that Russians identified India as one of their top five "friends", with the others being Belarus , China , Kazakhstan and Syria . Polls show that 60% of Indians support the Indian government's handling of

515-499: A Geisha , Slumdog Millionaire , Up in the Air , The Artist , Gloria Bell , and Malcolm & Marie . Director Richard Linklater helmed the prominent Before trilogy, consisting of Before Sunrise , Before Sunset , and Before Midnight . Kasautii Zindagii Kay is a popular Indian romantic drama television series of the 2000s. Same-sex romantic dramas that tackle LGBT issues include Brokeback Mountain , Blue

618-535: A Thief , Vertigo , The Crying Game , The Bodyguard , Unfaithful , Wicker Park , The Phantom of the Opera , The Tourist , and The Adjustment Bureau . The screenwriters taxonomy creates additional categories beyond "subgenre" when discussing films, making the argument that all narrative Hollywood films can be delineated into comedies or dramas (identified as a "film type"). The taxonomy also identifies fifty "macro genres", which can be paired with

721-813: A bilateral trade target of $ 30 billion by 2025. Bilateral bodies that conduct economic relations between the two countries include IRIGC, the Indo-Russian Forum on Trade and Investment, the India-Russia Business Council, the India-Russia Trade, Investment and Technology Promotion Council, the India-Russia CEOs' Council and the India-Russia Chamber of Commerce. Both governments have jointly developed an economic strategy that involves using

824-504: A clown who must make his audience laugh at the cost of his sorrows; three women who shaped his life view his final performance. The film is one of the lengthiest films of Indian cinema . Mera Naam Joker is the second and to date last Indian film to have two intervals, the first being Sangam (1964). After Sangam became a blockbuster, Mera Naam Joker was highly anticipated as it had been under production for six years and heavily publicized, loosely based on Kapoor's own life. The film

927-683: A counterweight to the West, but Beijing and New Delhi have their own unique policies. In the first two decades of the 21st century, the balance of power in the China-Russia alliance has reversed, relations between China and India gradually deteriorated. China is now the senior partner, whereas Russia is further diminished by the quagmire in Ukraine, and Moscow even rejects the validity of the term Indo-Pacific . Some views believe that Putin's acceleration closer to China makes “[India-Russia] relationship

1030-676: A district of Chanakyapuri for diplomatic missions. The Soviet Union was assigned two lots of total acres of 22 acres, and in February 1956 a lease agreement was concluded between the two countries. A declassified 1985 CIA report states that the Press Section of the Soviet Embassy "is a KGB operation that specializes in fast-breaking disinformation campaigns, principally targeted against the United States." It particular,

1133-604: A documentary critical of Prime Minister Narendra Modi , stating this was part of an “information war” against “global centers of power pursuing an independent policy”. After the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and because of international sanctions against Russia , it started to provide oil and chemical fertilisers at discounted rate to India, increasing India-Russia bilateral trade volume from $ 13 billion [2021-2022] to $ 27 billion within 2022 making it largest oil and fertiliser supplier to India. By 2023 India Russia trade

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1236-481: A filmmaker's "voice" because the artistic choice to have the characters sing does not affect the story or the characters – it simply alters how the story and characters are conveyed. Therefore, a romance film like Grease would be categorized as a dramatic (type), romance (super genre), high school / coming of age (macro genres), musical (voice) – rather than simply as a "musical romance". Indo-Soviet relations India has enjoyed close bilateral ties with

1339-406: A five-day visit, praising the two countries' "all-time high" trading volume, praising the trade as "balanced", "sustainable" and providing "fair market access". In July 2024, Prime Minister Modi visited Moscow to meet Putin, his first visit to Russia in five years. The two embraced as Modi climbed out of his car; this act was criticized by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy as it happened on

1442-782: A number of economic components to increase future bilateral trade. These include development of an FTA between India and the EEU , a bilateral treaty on the promotion and protection of investments, a new economic planning mechanism built into IRIGC, simplification of customs procedures, new long-term agreements in the expansion of energy trade including nuclear, oil and gas. Finally, long term supplier contracts in key sectors such as oil, gas and rough diamonds. Companies such as Rosneft , Gazprom , Essar and Alrosa will act as long term suppliers respectively. Russia has stated it will co-operate with India on its " Make in India " initiative by engagement in

1545-435: A paper with her picture and a heart surrounding it. Raju's mother becomes sick, and he starts dressing as a clown to sell various concoctions on the roadside to pay the school fees. However, after his classmate's mother sees him, Raju is expelled. Mary consoles him, and tells him that she will also be leaving to marry David. He attends the wedding as best man. Before the newlyweds drive off to their new life, David gifts Raju back

1648-1024: A permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council . In addition, Russia has expressed interest in joining SAARC with observer status in which India is a founding member. India is the second largest market for the Russian defence industry . In 2017, approximately 68% of the Indian military 's hardware import came from Russia, making Russia the chief supplier of defence equipment. India has an embassy in Moscow and two consulate-generals (in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok ). Russia has an embassy in New Delhi and six consulate-generals (in Chennai , Goa , Hyderabad , Kolkata , Mumbai and Trivandrum ). According to

1751-652: A result of an exchange of letters between the Indian Ambassador to China, Mr. K. P. S. Menon and the Soviet Ambassador to China Apollon Petrov , it was established that the Government of the USSR and the Government of India will publish simultaneously in Moscow and New Delhi the following official statement: “In an effort to preserve and further strengthen the friendly relations existing between

1854-607: A reunion and final kiss. In romantic television series, the development of such romantic relationships may play out over many episodes or different characters may become intertwined in different romantic arcs. Screenwriter and scholar Eric R. Williams identifies Romance Films as one of eleven super-genres in his screenwriters' taxonomy , claiming that all feature length narrative films can be classified by these super-genres. The other ten super-genres are action , crime , fantasy , horror , science fiction , comedy , sports , thriller , war and western . ' Chick flick '

1957-549: A scholar of Indian foreign policy , during this visit, Rajiv Gandhi developed a personal rapport with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev . In turn, Gorbachev's first visit to a Third World state was his meeting with Rajiv Gandhi in New Delhi in late 1986. General Secretary Gorbachev unsuccessfully urged Rajiv Gandhi to help the Soviet Union set up an Asian collective security system. Gorbachev's advocacy of this proposal, which had also been made by Leonid Brezhnev ,

2060-646: A scientific and engineering basis for undertaking joint projects in civil aviation." India is currently the world's largest cutting & polishing centre for diamonds . Both countries have agreed to streamline their bilateral trade in diamonds through reductions in regulations and tariffs. Indian Prime Minister Modi stated in an interview, "I made three proposals to President Putin. First, I would like Alrosa to have direct long-term contracts with more Indian companies. I am pleased to know that they are moving in this direction. Second, I want Alrosa and others to trade directly on our diamond bourse. We have decided to create

2163-560: A sin she says that he can't have committed a sin as he is a child, Raju replies that he isn't one. When Mary and the rest of the students leave for the holidays, Raju gifts her a toy clown that his father had. Afterwards, he roams around the school, lonely and depressed. When Mary comes back, Raju is startled to discover that she has a male companion named David with her. After Raju comes to the couple's house, David starts becoming suspicious, and confronts him after he leaves but still waits outside. When Raju drops his books in shock, David discovers

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2266-509: A single film, the film's three chapters were released separately as three parts in the Soviet Union. The first part drew 29   million box office admissions, the second part drew 22.6   million admissions, and the final part 21.5   million admissions, adding up to a total of 73.1   million admissions at the Soviet box office. This was equivalent to an estimated 18.28   million  Rbls ( $ 22.13 million , ₹16.81 crore ) at

2369-417: A toy clown and invited to the last performance of the famous clown Raj Ranbir aka Raju, in his first time on stage in 20 years. The stories of these three women and their relationships with Raju are told through a series of flashbacks during his performance. As a chubby, clumsy 16 year old, Raju is known to his schoolmates as the class clown. Unlike the rest of the students at his private Christian school, Raju

2472-420: Is Meena and that she had to act like a boy to survive on her own in the city, which she had fled to, to achieve her dream of becoming a famous actress. Raju gifts her a saree, but despite the explanation, Raju is mad that their friendship was based on a lie and leaves. After Meena confesses her love for him, Raju changes his mind. Their singing gets noticed and the duo start performing at a qawwali venue. One day,

2575-559: Is a founding member. Russia currently is one of only two countries in the world (the other being Japan) that has a mechanism for annual ministerial-level defence reviews with India. The Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission (IRIGC) is one of the largest and most comprehensive governmental mechanisms that India has had with any country internationally. Almost every department from the Government of India attends it. Relations with India have always been and I am sure will be one of

2678-691: Is a romantic story with a historical period setting, normally with a turbulent backdrop of war, revolution, or tragedy. This includes films such as Gone with the Wind , Doctor Zhivago , Reds , Titanic , A Very Long Engagement , Atonement , Portrait of a Lady on Fire , and Cold War . Paranormal romance is a popular genre of film which features romantic relationships between humans and supernatural creatures. Popular tropes include vampirism , time travel , ghosts and psychic or telekinetic abilities – i.e. things that cannot be explained by science. The genre originated in literature and moved on to

2781-820: Is a term associated with romance films mostly targeted to a female audience. Although many romance films may be targeted at women, it is not a defining characteristic of a romance film and a ' chick flick ' does not necessarily have a romance as a central theme, revolve around the romantic involvement of characters or even include a romantic relationship. As such, the terms cannot be used interchangeably. Films of this genre include Gilda , The Red Shoes , Sense and Sensibility , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes , Dirty Dancing , The Notebook , Dear John , A Walk to Remember , Thelma & Louise , Fifty Shades of Grey , Sleepless in Seattle , You've Got Mail and Romeo + Juliet . Also known as epic romance, this

2884-653: Is a valued friend of India and the original architect of the India-Russia strategic partnership". Both countries closely collaborate on matters of shared national interest these include at the UN , BRICS , G20 and SCO . Russia also supports India receiving a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council . In addition, Russia has vocally backed India joining the NSG and APEC . Moreover, it has also expressed interest in joining SAARC with observer status in which India

2987-457: Is able to surmount most obstacles. Humour in such films tends to be of a verbal, low-key variety or situational, as opposed to slapstick. Films within this genre include City Lights , A Night at the Opera , It Happened One Night , His Girl Friday , My Wife's Goblin , The Philadelphia Story , Intolerable Cruelty , Roman Holiday , Good Morning, My Dear Wife , The Big Sick , Enough Said , Lost In Translation , To All

3090-832: Is and will remain our most important defense partner and a key partner for our energy security, both on nuclear energy and hydrocarbons, In May 2022, Russian political scientist Sergey Karaganov , who is considered close to Vladimir Putin and Sergey Lavrov , stated that India figured extremely high on the agenda of the Russian foreign policy and strong India-Russia ties will help to stabilise New Delhi's ties with Beijing besides bringing balance in Moscow's partnership with China. In November 2022, India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar praised Russia as "exceptionally steady" and "time-tested" partner. In January 2023, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova backed India in its dispute with British national broadcaster BBC over

3193-452: Is expected to cross $ 30 billion. India has also refused to accept the price cap on Russian crude imposed by Western world . However CIA director William J. Burns has said that Indian PM Narendra Modi's words with Russian President Vladimir Putin has helped averting the nuclear war threat from Russia. Russia's new foreign policy concept after the start of its invasion of Ukraine proposes to deepen its relations with India and China as

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3296-590: Is going down from being a very high-value strategic partnership to a transactional one”. India has also stepped up "Multi-Alignment Strategy" to mitigate the negative impact of the deepening of China-Russia relations . In June 2023, an event at India's embassy in Moscow called "Namaste Moscow" was held to facilitate cultural exchange between India and Russia. In August 2023, the embassy held celebrations commemorating 76 years since Indian independence . In December 2023, India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met Putin and Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov over

3399-509: Is no reality outside performance, he only belongs to the stage, to his character, to the performance, and the audience. In the end Raju gives a speech to the audience where he says that the "show" will always go on although it may have different characters, meaning that artists will go through the same across generations. The film is also semi-autobiographical , reportedly based on the life experiences of Raj Kapoor. Won Nominated Romantic drama film Romantic films often explore

3502-464: Is often employed to indicate the emotional mood, creating an atmosphere of greater insulation for the couple. The conclusion of a romantic drama typically does not indicate whether a final romantic union between the two main characters will occur. Some examples of romantic drama films and shows before 2000 are Man's Way with Women , Casablanca , María Candelaria , Pride & Prejudice , Appointment with Happiness , Wakeful Eyes , Among

3605-487: Is poor and lives nearby with his mother and no one else. When a new teacher, Mary, comes to his school, she encourages Raju to find his ambitions and makes him more confident in himself. One day, after coming home, Raju asks his mother what his deceased father did. Despite rejecting this question in the past, she finally answers that he had worked as a clown in the circus, and died in an accident there. Raju proclaims that he will be just like his father and make everyone laugh, to

3708-471: Is suspicious. After a while, Meena is noticed by movie star Rajendra Kumar , who wants a new heroine for his next film. Although Raju accompanies Meena to the screen tests, Kumar tells him that in order for her to become a great actress, Raju must leave. After a farewell at their old house, Raju is left alone with his toy clown. The film then transitions back to his last show. After a song Raju announces an intermission of indeterminate length, but then reassures

3811-514: Is the Warmest Colour , Carol , Moonlight , and Call Me by Your Name . Romantic fantasies describe fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre. Some examples include The Lady Eve , Top Hat , The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (Les Parapluies de Cherbourg) , Singin' in the Rain , Groundhog Day , Enchanted , Cinderella , Beauty and

3914-509: The British Empire and its weak point using a French corps of 35,000 men and a Russian corps of 25,000 infantry and 10,000 mounted Cossacks. Some Cossacks had approached Orenburg when the tsar was assassinated. His successor Alexander I immediately cancelled the plans. The Embassy of India in Moscow ( Hindi : मॉस्को में भारत का दूतावास ; Russian : Посольство Индии в России ) was built in 1821, remodeled in 1896, and transferred to

4017-521: The Multirole Transport Aircraft (MTA). In 2012, both countries signed a defence deal worth $ 2.9 billion during President Putin's visit to India for the 42 new Sukhois to be produced under license by defence PSU Hindustan Aeronautics, which will add to the 230 Sukhois earlier contracted from Russia. However, India finally withdrew from the joint stealth fighter project with Russia's Sukhoi in 2018. In October 2018, India signed

4120-465: The Ottoman Empire . The documentation of his experiences during this journey is compiled in the book The Journey Beyond Three Seas ( Khozheniye za tri morya ). In the 18th century the Russian cities Astrakhan , Moscow and St. Petersburg were frequently visited by Indian merchants. Russia and Iran were used as a transit trade between Western Europe and India, especially after Peter

4223-696: The Rodgers and Hammerstein productions. Some examples include South Pacific , West Side Story and its 2021 remake , Grease , High School Musical , Across the Universe , Moulin Rouge! , the Mamma Mia! franchise, Sunshine on Leith , and La La Land . Romantic thriller is a genre of film which has a storyline combining elements of the romance film and the thriller genre . Some examples of romantic thriller films are Desire , To Catch

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4326-612: The Russian Federation , formerly the USSR , since the independence of India in 1947. During the Cold War , India and the USSR formed a strong and strategic relationship ; this diplomatic unity was further strengthened with both nations’ shared military ideals, as well as their overall economic policies. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Russia kept the same close ties to India; in international terms, both nations share

4429-624: The Sea of Japan and joint airborne exercises were held in September 2007 in Russia. An Inter-Governmental commission on military-technical co-operation is co-chaired by the defence ministers of the two countries. The seventh session of this Inter-Governmental Commission was held in October 2007 in Moscow. During the visit, an agreement on joint development and production of prospective multi-role fighters

4532-567: The Soviet Union , the film also initially drew mixed reviews from critics, yet commercially became a blockbuster at the Soviet box office after it released there in 1972. Rather than being released as a single film, the film's three chapters were released separately as three parts in the Soviet Union. The three parts of the film collectively sold 73.1 million tickets at the Soviet box office. Three women, Mary, Marina, and Meena, are each sent

4635-419: The romance super genre. Using this approach, films like Gone with the Wind (noted above) would be classified as a dramatic (type) historical/family (macro genres) romance (genre) rather than simply a historical romance; while The Notebook would be identified at dramatic (type) disease (macro genre) romance (genre) rather than simply a romantic drama. Similarly, musicals are categorized as one option for

4738-649: The steering committee of Indo-Russia relations. It is divided into two parts, the first covering Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Co-operation. This is normally co-chaired by the Russian Deputy Prime Minister and the Indian External Affairs Minister . The second part of the commission covers Military Technical Co-operation; this is co-chaired by the two countries respective Defence Ministers. Both parts of IRIGC meet annually. In addition, to

4841-424: The 40s and 50s. The poster of Kapoor's previous film Sangam is also seen. Upon release in India, Mera Naam Joker was widely derided for its length and the experimental nature of its plot, and it became a critical and commercial failure. The film had two intervals. It later came to be considered a cult classic, and it is considered one of Kapoor's best films. Its reputation was revived, which happened after India

4944-511: The 70th anniversary of the establishment of relations between India and the Russia on 13 April 1947. The Soviet Union was an important supplier of defence equipment for several decades, and this role has been inherited by the Russian Federation. Between 2012 and 2016, Russia accounts for 68% of India's defense imports, and India and Russia have deepened their Make in India defence manufacturing cooperation by signing agreements for

5047-582: The Beast , Knowing , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , Midnight in Paris , Her , and The Shape of Water . Romantic musical (alternatively musical romance ) is a genre of film which features romantic relationships and whose story is partially explained through song and/or dance numbers. This genre originated on Broadway and moved to the silver screen thanks in part to the popularity of

5150-460: The Boys I've Loved Before , Four Weddings and a Funeral , Dave , Say Anything... , Moonstruck , In Summer We Must Love , As Good as It Gets , Something's Gotta Give , When Harry Met Sally... , Annie Hall , Manhattan , The Apartment and Pablo and Carolina . Romantic dramas usually revolve around an obstacle that prevents deep and true love between two people. Music

5253-657: The Chinese strongly objected. The Soviet Union gave India substantial economic and military assistance during the Khrushchev period, and by 1960, India had received more Soviet assistance than China had. This disparity became another point of contention in Sino-Soviet relations. In 1962 the Soviet Union agreed to transfer technology to co-produce the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 jet fighter in India, which

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5356-511: The Great requested from Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb the commencement of trade relations in 1696. Decades later, the Russian czar personally granted Anbu-Ram Mulin's Indian trading company the right to resolve property rights issues in Astrakhan, thus allowing Indians to bring in caravans with their linen fabrics , cottons , silks , and Indian, Persian and Uzbek cloth. The Astrakhan governor

5459-570: The IRIGC there are other bodies that conduct economic relations between the two countries. These include, the Indo-Russian Forum on Trade and Investment, the India-Russia Business Council, the India-Russia Trade, Investment and Technology Promotion Council and the India-Russia Chamber of Commerce. An article penned by Vladimir Putin was published in The Times of India on 30 May 2017, a day before Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Russia, to mark

5562-400: The Indian government in 1952 to become an embassy building. The embassy consists of several buildings, including an aristocratic style "Chancery Building", a rational-modern style ambassador's residence, and a French style building known as "Napoleon's Dacha ". The Chancery building was previously owned by an arts patron, a textile magnate, and the Soviet government, before being transferred to

5665-774: The Indian government in 1952 to become the embassy it is today. Embassy of Russia in New Delhi（ Russian : Посольство России в Индии  ; Hindi : रूस का दूतावास, नई दिल्ली ）is the official diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation in the Republic of India . The Russian consulate in India was opened in Mumbai in 1900 and moved to Kolkata in 1910. Initially it was housed in the Travancore House located at Curzon Street, now Kasturba Gandhi Marg. In several years India allocated previously undeveloped land to create

5768-606: The Ruins , The River of Love , Dearer than my Life , Love Story , Paris and Love , Featureless Men , Coming Home , Daughters of the Dust , Like Water for Chocolate , Sommersby , The Bridges of Madison County , The English Patient , Shakespeare in Love , An Officer and a Gentleman , Saptapadi and Cinema Paradiso . 21st century examples include Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna , Sideways , Memoirs of

5871-482: The Russian side was ready for cooperation and had already submitted proposals on the joint development and production of modern types of military equipment and actively uses the principle of "Make in India". At the Army-2022 forum, the Russian side declared its readiness for cooperation and presented proposals for the joint development and production of modern types of military equipment, namely, "the main battle tank of

5974-623: The Russo-Ukrainian war. A poll conducted in summer 2022 shows that Indians most frequently named Russia their most trusted partner, with 43% naming Russia as such compared to 27% who named the US. Goods uncovered from archaeological site such as Pazyryk indicates that nomads inhabiting the area conducted trading activities with India during 4th-3rd century BCE. In 1468, Russian traveller Afanasy Nikitin began his journey to India. Between 1468 and 1472, he travelled through Persia , India and

6077-792: The Southern Military District as part of the Indra military project, which was first implemented back in 2003. For the coming year, the countries have also planned to hold an event "AviaIndra". On 18 October 2022, the Director General of the Indian-Russian organization BrahMos informed Russian journalists about the timing of the test of the BrahMos NG missile being developed as part of a joint project. According to him, "missile tests are scheduled for 2024." At

6180-468: The Soviet Union grew strategically and resulted in the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of August 1971. In December, it helped India halt American adventurism by using military power and end the conflict which ensured the victory of the secessionists in the establishment of the new state of Bangladesh . Relations between the Soviet Union and India did not suffer much during

6283-543: The Soviet Union had earlier denied to China. In 1965, the Soviet Union successfully served as a peace broker between India and Pakistan after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 . The Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers , literally Premier of the Soviet Union, Alexei Kosygin , met with representatives of India and Pakistan and helped them negotiate an end to the military conflict over Kashmir . In 1971,

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6386-560: The Strategic Partnership signed between the two countries in 2000. President Vladimir Putin stated in an article written by him in The Hindu , "The Declaration on Strategic Partnership between India and Russia signed in October 2000 became a truly historic step". Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh also agreed with his counterpart by stated in speech given during President Putin's 2012 visit to India, "President Putin

6489-567: The USSR and India, the Government of the USSR and the Government of India have decided to exchange diplomatic representations at the rank of Embassies”. In 1951, the USSR exercised its  veto power on the Kashmir dispute in support of India. In 1953, Joseph Stalin told Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan that, "Both you and Mr. Nehru are persons whom we do not consider our enemies. This will continue to be our policy and you can count on our help." The relationship strengthened by 1955 and represented

6592-484: The advancement of and exploration of outer space travel. These five major components were highlighted in a speech given by former Indian Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai in Russia. The IRIGC (India-Russia Intergovernmental Commission) is the main body that conducts affairs at the governmental level between both countries. Both countries are members of international bodies including the UN , BRICS , G20 and SCO . Russia has stated that it supports India receiving

6695-436: The airport. Alone again, Raju wanders on the beach and throws his toy clown into the sea. A dog runs out to catch it and gives it back. The dog belongs to the orphan Meenu, and the three partner up to make a roadside show and live together in an abandoned house. One day, Meenu's shirt is torn and Raju, upon discovering that she is a girl, deserts her. After a while, he comes back to her home, where she explains that her real name

6798-433: The audience that the "joker" still has more to perform to keep his audience laughing. The film ends with the words "Positively Not The End". All music is composed by Shankar–Jaikishan Mera Naam Joker was under production for six years, with Raj Kapoor investing much of his own personal fortune. All his assets were mortgaged. The film has three chapters. Originally, it was to have six chapters. Khwaja Ahmad Abbas wrote

6901-465: The co-developed aircraft will be jointly commercially exported to third countries and foreign markets e.g. FGFA and Kamov Ka-226. President of Russia's UAC Mikhail Pogosyan stated in an interview, "We are planning to sell in India about 100 passenger aircraft by 2030, which will account for 10 percent of the Indian market of airliners in the segment" and further stated, "The unprecedented scope of Russian-Indian cooperation in military aviation has created

7004-573: The construction of naval frigates , KA-226T twin-engine utility helicopters (joint venture (JV) to make 60 in Russia and 140 in India), Brahmos cruise missile (JV with 50.5% India and 49.5% Russia). Between 2013 and 2018, Russia accounted for 62% of arms sales to India. According to the SIPRI , Russia was the largest supplier of arms to India in both 2013–17 and 2018–22, but its share of total Indian arms imports fell from 64% to 45% while France emerged as

7107-588: The development of " Smart Cites ", the DMIC, the aerospace sector, the commercial nuclear sector and enhancement in manufacturing of Russian military products through co-development and co-production. Russia agreed to participate in the vast, over $ 100 billion, DMIC infrastructure project which will eventually connect Delhi and Mumbai with railways , highways , ports , interconnecting smart cities and industrial parks . Russian President Vladimir Putin stated in an interview that one of his government's priorities

7210-646: The disputed territory of the Kashmir region and also over Portuguese coastal enclaves such as Goa . The Soviet Union's strong relations with India had a negative impact upon both Soviet relations with the People's Republic of China and Indian relations with the PRC during the Khrushchev period. The Soviet Union declared its neutrality during the 1959 border dispute and the Sino-Indian War of October 1962, although

7313-412: The dog gets taken by the city pound , mistaken for a stray. While Raju mourns the loss of their companion, Meena says that they have no use for it anymore. Her attitude shocks Raju and he figures that she only uses love as a tool to use others. Despite his pity for the qawwali venue owner who had already pre-paid them, Meena makes them move into theatre acting. While Meena maintains that she loves him, Raju

7416-465: The efforts of this operation were directed at the implication of the United States in the assassination of Indira Gandhi and at linking Jeane Kirkpatrick with a Soviet-invented plan to Balkanize India. India's official diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union were established in April 1947, shortly before it declared its independence from Great Britain. As Izvestia reported on April 15, 1947, “as

7519-471: The essential themes of love at first sight , young and mature love, unrequited love, obsession, sentimental love, spiritual love , forbidden love, platonic love, sexual and passionate love, sacrificial love, explosive and destructive love, and tragic love . Romantic films serve as great escapes and fantasies for viewers, especially if the two leads finally overcome their difficulties, declare their love, and experience their "happily ever after", often implied by

7622-479: The former East Pakistan region initiated an effort to secede from its political union with West Pakistan . India supported the secession, and the U.S. considered the possible entrance of China to further destabilize India in its taking up a moral leadership in the area. However, China, after the Sino-Indian War , did not want to participate in the United States' bid in supporting Yahya Khan 's atrocities in present-day Bangladesh. Meanwhile, India's relationship with

7725-588: The future, infantry fighting vehicle, fifth-generation aircraft, diesel-electric submarines and other types of modern weapons." Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Vostok-2022  [ ru ] military exercise in the Russian Far East . Beyond Russian troops, the exercises also included military forces from India, among others. In 2023, Russia and India have planned to hold several joint military exercises. Exercises will be held in

7828-499: The hearts of every Russian. In the same way, I can assure you that Russia also lives in our souls as a Homeland, as people who share our emotions, our feelings of mutual respect and constant friendship. Long live our friendship! ... India-Russia relationship is one of deep friendship and mutual confidence that would not be affected by transient political trends. Russia has been a pillar of strength at difficult moments in India's history. India will always reciprocate this support. Russia

7931-577: The historic agreement worth US$ 5.43 billion with Russia to procure five S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile defence system, one of the best missile defence system in the world ignoring America's CAATSA act . The United States threatened India with sanctions over India's decision to buy the S-400 missile defense system from Russia. India and Russia have several major joint military programmes including: Additionally, India has purchased/leased various military hardware from Russia: Russia said that despite

8034-503: The horror of his mother, who says his father had only given her tears. On a school trip to the forest, Mary accidentally falls into the river. After she comes out, Raju becomes entranced by the sight of her leg. He then follows her to a grove, where he sees her undressing. When he tries to sleep that night, Raju imagines her nude. He goes to the church to confess (Raju thinks himself a sinner for imagining his teacher nude); and after he does that Mary sees him there, and when he says he committed

8137-450: The interior cities of Russia in 1724 exceeded 104,000 rubles, amounting to nearly a quarter of all Astrakhan trade, until British occupation stopped independent Indian trade with Russia altogether. In 1801, Tsar Paul ordered plans made for the invasion of British India by 22,000 Cossacks , which never actually occurred due to poor handling of preparations. The intention was that Russia would form an alliance with France , and attack

8240-552: The language barrier, they become close. He comes back to his mother and tells her that he got a job, but leaves out the details. She hopes that he will be able to find a wife to "complete" the family. Soon, Raju is hired as a clown, and eventually he and Marina fall in love, with his toy clown being given away once again. However, Mahendra reminds him that the artists will be going back soon, and discourages his love. Raju and Marina meet again, and Marina realizes that his mother sees her as his future wife. She visits her again, but leaves her

8343-411: The lights, which lands Raju in a dangerous situation. After the actual ringmaster comes in, Sher Singh saves Raju and brings him to a meeting to explain himself. Raju explains that he needed a job to take care of his mother, and that he had to resort to this drama to get into the circus. Realizing his potential, circus owner Mahendra Kumar hires him. Marina, the lead trapezist, also notices him, and despite

8446-468: The mainstay of cordial Indian-Soviet relations, India maintained a close relationship with the Soviet Union. Indicating the high priority of relations with the Soviet Union in Indian foreign policy, the new Indian Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi , visited the Soviet Union on his first state visit abroad in May 1985 and signed two long-term economic agreements with the Soviet Union. According to Rejaul Karim Laskar ,

8549-627: The moment, design engineers are working on a scheme of weapons. The defense of the project, as the chief director expects, should take place in Moscow at the site of the NPO Mashinostroeniya. In 2023, Russia plans to supply India with the frigate "Tushil" and the frigate "Tamala" of project 11356, created at the Baltic shipyard "Yantar". Initially, they were built for the Russian Navy, but due to Ukraine's refusal to provide engines,

8652-490: The most important foreign policy priorities of our country. Our mutual ties of friendship are filled with sympathy, and trust, and openness. And we must say frankly that they were never overshadowed by disagreements or conflict. This understanding - this is indeed the common heritage of our peoples. It is valued and cherished in our country, in Russia, and in India. And we are rightfully proud of so close, so close relations between our countries. We are confident that India lives in

8755-502: The ongoing conflict with Ukraine, which caused international sanctions, it fulfilled its contractual obligations and delivered all weapon systems, including the S-400 air defense system, according to schedule. Also, Moscow said that they expect that serial production of AK 203 assault rifles in India will begin in late 2022- early 2023. Dmitry Shugaev, head of the Federal Service for Military Technical Cooperation (FSMTC), said that

8858-411: The person who is performing but accepts only the performer divorced from his personal situation, his emotions and even from his real persona. The audience embraces only the character that entertains them and does not associate with the real person playing that character. The film implies that life itself is a performance, literally turning Raju's life into chapters of a film. Therefore, to the “Joker” there

8961-413: The right-wing Janata Party 's coalition government in the late 1970s, although India did move to establish better economic and military relations with Western countries. To counter these efforts by India to diversify its relations, the Soviet Union proffered additional weaponry and economic assistance. During the 1980s, despite the 1984 assassination by Sikh separatists of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ,

9064-502: The same day that Russian missiles struck a children's hospital in Kyiv . During the visit, the two countries discussed nine strategic areas for closer economic cooperation, including nuclear energy and medicine, with a goal to significantly improve bilateral trade by 2030. The Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission (IRIGC) is the main body that conducts affairs at the governmental level between both countries. Some have described it as

9167-589: The screen in the early 2000s, following the success of the Twilight Saga adaptations from Stephenie Meyer 's books. By 2007–08, film studios were producing various paranormal romance films, many adapted from novels. Examples of paranormal romance films include The Exterminating Angel , The Twilight Saga , Warm Bodies , Vampire Academy , I Am Dragon , and The Shape of Water . Romantic comedies are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love

9270-522: The screenplay with Kapoor in mind, and several instances in the story was based on Kapoor's own life, such as the Christian school teacher episode. Kapoor approached each chapter as it were three separate films. He shot the third chapter first as Padmini and Rajendra Kumar were available at the time. By the time he began the first chapter, he was behind schedule and over the budget . The school scenes were shot at St. Paul's School, Darjeeling . The film

9373-564: The second largest supplier between 2018 and 2022. In 1997, Russia and India signed a ten-year agreement for further military-technical cooperation encompassed a wide range of activities, including the purchase of completed weaponry, joint development and production, and joint marketing of armaments and military technologies. The co-operation is not limited to a buyer-seller relationship but includes joint research and development, training, service to service contacts, including joint exercises. The last joint naval exercises took place in April 2007 in

9476-691: The ships are being prepared for the Indian side. The frigate "Tushil" was launched in October 2021, "Tamala" according to the plan will be launched at the end of 2022. Bilateral trade between both countries is concentrated in key value chain sectors . These sectors include highly diversified segments such as machinery , electronics , aerospace , automobile , commercial shipping , chemicals , pharmaceuticals , fertilisers , apparels , precious stones , industrial metals , petroleum products , coal , high-end tea and coffee products. Bilateral trade in 2002 stood at $ 1.5 billion and increased by over 7 times to $ 11 billion in 2012 and with both governments setting

9579-560: The successful Soviet attempts to foster closer relations with countries belonging to the non-aligned movement . In 1955, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made his first visit to the Soviet Union in June 1955, and First Secretary of the Communist Party Nikita Khrushchev 's return trip to India happened in the fall of 1955. In India, Khrushchev announced that the Soviet Union supported Indian sovereignty over

9682-401: The time, or $ 161 million ( ₹1,059 crore ) adjusted for inflation in 2023. The crux of the film is how Raju, the joker, entertains people and makes them laugh, but to do so hides many hardships and heartbreaks of his own life. The 'Joker' is an allegory for not just clowns, but artists and entertainers of all kinds, like Raj Kapoor himself. In the film, the audience does not concern itself with

9785-529: The toy clown departs tearfully. Raju's mother realizes through the poster that wrapped the toy that he is a clown once again, and rushes to the circus on the day of the Russians' last performance. Seeing him on the trapeze, Raju's mother dies, being reminded of the accident which caused her husband's death. Despite his sorrow, Raju performs as a clown that night. Afterwards, he decides to resign, citing his mother death. The chapter ends with Raju seeing Marina off at

9888-502: The toy clown. Raju and his ill mother move to several cities over the years before coming to Bombay. Now an adult, Raju is working as a clown at a local fair. When a group of Russian entertainers come to Gemini Circus to promote Indo-Soviet relations , he sneaks in with them and pockets their first payment. Raju claims that he is the Russian ringleader, which immediately causes Gemini's own ringleader, Sher Singh, to conspire against him. During his initial performance, Sher Singh switches off

9991-440: Was an indication of continuing Soviet interest in using close relations with India as a means of containing China. With the improvement of Sino-Soviet relations in the late 1980s, containing China had less of a priority, but close relations with India remained important as an example of Gorbachev's new Third World policy. The first major political initiative, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, between India and Russia began with

10094-439: Was five hours long. The clown mask used by Kapoor in the film was burned in a fire at RK Studios in 2017. The film also makes references to Raj Kapoor's career throughout. The popular title track of Awaara (1951) is used near the end of the second chapter. In the song "Kehta Hai Joker Saara Zamana", a child looks up reels of Shree 420 (1955) in a bioscope, which featured Nargis , who formed an iconic pair with Raj Kapoor in

10197-405: Was introduced to world cinema . In the Soviet Union , the film's distribution rights were sold for ₹ 15 lakh (US$ 199,351.44), the highest for an Indian film up until then. Upon release, the film initially also drew a mixed reaction from Russian critics. Despite this, the film became a commercial blockbuster at the Soviet box office after it released there in 1972. Rather than being released as

10300-582: Was of building a smart city in India, "a smart city on the basis of Russian technologies." AFK Sistema will likely be the primary Russian company involved in the project due to its previous experience in smart city projects in Ufa , Kazan and Rostov . Both countries have also agreed to work together in the aerospace sector to co-develop and co-produce aircraft, examples include the Sukhoi Superjet 100 , MS-21 , FGFA , MTA and Kamov Ka-226 . Some of

10403-536: Was ordered to show "kindness and goodwill" to the Indian merchants in Russia, who cherished their religious freedom and special trade privileges that they never had in other Eastern countries; until the middle of the 18th century, members of the community only paid 12 rubles a year as rent for a shop in the Indian Trading Compound, and were exempted from taxes and duties by the Russian authorities. The value of goods exported by them from Astrakhan into

10506-401: Was partly made with the participation of Soviet actors and was partly shot in Moscow . The film's music, still very popular, was composed by Shankar Jaikishan , for which the duo got their ninth Filmfare award. In India , upon release the film was critical and commercial failure, putting Kapoor into a financial crisis, as the film was panned for its length and plot. The film later on became

10609-503: Was signed between the two countries. In 2009, India and Russia renew defense cooperation pact started in Soviet era, which resulted in the sale of a multitude of defence equipment to India and also the emergence of the countries as development partners as opposed to purely a buyer-seller relationship, including the joint ventures projects to develop and produce the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) and

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