In England , a township (Latin: villa ) is a local division or district of a large parish containing a village or small town usually having its own church. A township may or may not be coterminous with a chapelry , manor , or any other minor area of local administration.
88-724: Middlesbrough ( / ˈ m ɪ d əl z b r ə / MID -əlz-brə ), colloquially known as Boro , is a port town in North Yorkshire , England. Lying to the south of the River Tees , Middlesbrough forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley . It is located 41 miles (66 km) south of Newcastle upon Tyne , 43 miles (69 km) north of York , 66 miles (106 km) north-west of Leeds , and 217 miles (349 km) north of London . With
176-538: A combined authority of the same name, and the local authorities of the other three areas are part of the Tees Valley Combined Authority . The county was historically part of Yorkshire . The centre of the county contains a wide plain, called the Vale of Mowbray in the north and Vale of York in the south. The North York Moors uplands lie to the east, and south of them the Vale of Pickering
264-418: A perpetual curacy of Middlesbrough was created in 1744, also covering the neighbouring township of Linthorpe , and the curacy of Middlesbrough gradually came to be treated as a civil parish . After construction of the modern town began in 1830, there was a need for more urban forms of local government. In 1841 a body of improvement commissioners was set up covering the township of Middlesbrough and part of
352-470: A "parish line", which divided northern from southern counties of England and Wales. In Denbighshire , Shropshire , Staffordshire , Derbyshire , the West Riding and North Riding of Yorkshire , and north of this line, parishes tended on the whole to be large, containing several townships. However, south of this line, parishes tended to contain single townships. A township appointed overseers of
440-574: A capacity of up to 600. The venue is run by Middlesbrough Council and is funded, in part, by Arts Council England as a National Portfolio Organisation specialising in music. It was refurbished with the assistance of the National Lottery Heritage Fund and reopened in 2018. The Middlesbrough Theatre (formerly the Little Theatre) is in the suburb of Linthorpe . It was designed by architects Elder & De Pierro and
528-540: A cinema, a golf shop and a gym. Captain Cook Square, with the Future High Streets Fund, transitioned from majority retail sector to having a hospitality sector; mini-golf, indoor go-kart track, e-sport venue and bowling alley. Industry in the town was once dominated by steelmaking, shipbuilding and chemical industries. Since the late 20th century and into the 21st century, the demise of much of
616-529: A family member would die. A public health report detailed how 76% of children worried daily in 2014, and by 2018, this had dropped to 61%. By 2024, this had risen again to 86%. North Yorkshire has a number of bridge with clusters such as bridges of York or in the Tees Lowlands, over the River Tees . Many are road bridges, railway viaducts or footbridges; such Lendal Bridge in York, Saltburn Viaduct and
704-534: A former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail . In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line. York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station
792-542: A healthy musical heritage. A number of bands and musicians hail from the area, including Paul Rodgers , Chris Rea , and Micky Moody . Middlesbrough Town Hall is the pre-eminent theatre venue in Middlesbrough. It has two concert halls: the first is a classic Victorian concert hall with a proscenium stage and seating 1,190; the second, under the main hall, is called the Middlesbrough Crypt and has
880-538: A population of 148,215 recorded in 2021 , Middlesbrough is one of the largest settlements in North East England . A hamlet surrounded by rural farmland until the expansion of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1830, Middlesbrough experienced booms in heavy industry during the 19th century. The town experienced deindustrialisation beginning in the late 20th century. Part of Yorkshire since before
968-551: A population of just 25. From 1829 onwards it experienced rapid growth. In 1828, the influential Quaker banker, coal mine owner and Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) shareholder Joseph Pease sailed up the River Tees to find a suitable new site downriver of Stockton on which to place new coal staithes . As a result, in 1829, he and a group of Quaker businessmen bought the Middlesbrough farmstead and associated estate, some 527 acres (213 ha) of land, and established
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#17327719796481056-631: A relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs. Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology. Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average. A 2016 report by
1144-429: A total population of 376,663 in 2011. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Harrogate (75,515) in the south and Scarborough (59,505) in the east. For local government purposes the county comprises four unitary authority areas— North Yorkshire , Middlesbrough , Redcar and Cleveland , and York —and part of a fifth, Stockton-on-Tees . The local authorities of York and North Yorkshire form
1232-507: A village. The port was linked to the S&;DR on 27 December 1830 via a branch that extended to an area just north of the current Middlesbrough railway station. The success of the port meant it soon became overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports, and in 1839 work started on a dock to the east of Middlesbrough. The first water for the dock was let in on 19 March 1842, while the formal opening took place on 12 May 1842. Iron dominated
1320-543: Is distinguished from the following: 'Township' is, however, sometimes used loosely for any of the above. In many areas of England, the basic unit of civil administration was the parish , generally identical with the ecclesiastical parish . However, in some cases, particularly in Northern England , there was a lesser unit called a township, being a subdivision of a parish. This could happen for several reasons: The local historian Dorothy Silvester has identified
1408-530: Is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum . The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M) , which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough . The other nationally maintained trunk routes are
1496-680: Is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1,650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year. The county borders multiple counties and districts: The City of York Council and North Yorkshire Council formed the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority in February 2024. The elections for the first directly elected mayor will take place in May 2024. Both North Yorkshire Council and
1584-607: Is near the Riverside Stadium and the Parkway Centre is in Coulby Newham. Cleveland retail park (South Bank) and the retail part of Teesside Park (between Thornaby and Middlesbrough) are on the council's outskirts. The leisure part of Teesside Park is in the council area, including a cinema and bowling alley. Middlesbrough Leisure Park is located at the eastern edge of the town centre: it has restaurants,
1672-542: Is represented by Andy McDonald for Labour in the House of Commons. He was elected in a by-election held on 29 November 2012 following the death of previous Member of Parliament Sir Stuart Bell , who was the MP since 1983. Middlesbrough has been a traditionally safe Labour seat. The first Conservative MP for Middlesbrough was Sir Samuel Alexander Sadler , elected in 1900. The Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland constituency
1760-470: Is represented by Simon Clarke of the Conservative Party , who won the seat from Labour in the 2017 general election . Prior to Clarke's election, the seat had always been Labour since it was created in 1997. Different constituencies have historically covered the town: Middlesbrough is south of the River Tees with nature reserves and heavy industry on the opposite bank. Some open spaces in
1848-814: Is separated from the main plain by the Howardian Hills . Further east, the county has a coastline on the North Sea. The west of the county contains the Yorkshire Dales , an extensive upland area which contains the source of the River Ouse / Ure and many of its tributaries, which together drain most of the county before reaching the Humber estuary in the south. The Dales also contain the county's highest point, Whernside , at 2,415 feet (736 m). North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county
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#17327719796481936-551: Is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse". Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has
2024-546: Is within the Teesside , which is centred around the River Tees ; it includes nearby towns such as Stockton and Redcar . The following list shows the wards that correspond to the Middlesbrough built-up area ; those in bold have civil parishes. Middlesbrough has an oceanic climate typical for the United Kingdom. Being sheltered from prevailing south-westerly winds by the Lake District and Pennines to
2112-465: The A168 / A19 , A64 , A66 and A174 . Coach and bus Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus . Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire , Stagecoach, Harrogate Bus Company , The Keighley Bus Company, Scarborough & District ( East Yorkshire ), Yorkshire Coastliner , First York and the local Dales & District . There are no major airports in
2200-539: The Angles , the area became home to Viking settlers. Names of Viking origin (with the suffix by meaning village ) are abundant in the area; for example, Ormesby , Stainsby and Tollesby were once separate villages that belonged to Vikings called Orm, Steinn and Toll that are now areas of Middlesbrough were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. In 1801, Middlesbrough was a small farming township with
2288-450: The City of York unitary authority . On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county became a unitary authority. This abolished the remaining seven district councils and extended the powers of the county council to act as a district council. The York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority held its first meeting on 22 January 2024, assumed its powers on 1 February 2024 and the first mayor
2376-474: The Domesday Book , Middlesbrough became a town with a municipal borough in 1853. When Yorkshire was split into its ancient ridings in 1889, Middlesbrough was large enough to become a county borough , independent from the then new North Riding County Council . In 1968, the Borough of Middlesbrough was merged into the County Borough of Teesside . Six years later in 1974, a borough with the town's name
2464-670: The Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby . Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern. The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond , Ripon , Tadcaster , Helmsley , Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were
2552-526: The Infinity Bridge respectively. The Tees Transporter Bridge , opened in 1911 is a symbol of Teesside and is one of few surviving transporter bridges worldwide. Further inland, the Tees Barrage complex (which opened in 1995) incorporates a tidal barrier , road bridge, footbridge and barge lock . Larpool Viaduct near Whitby is a repurposed railway viaduct (footbridge), the viaduct
2640-842: The Scarborough and Whitby Railway , Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon. Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway , between Pickering and Grosmont , which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway . The Wensleydale Railway , which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along
2728-583: The Second World War . The steel making capacity and railways for carrying steel products were obvious targets. The Luftwaffe first bombed the town on 25 May 1940, when a lone bomber dropped 13 bombs between South Bank Road and the South Steel plant. More bombing occurred throughout the course of the war, with the railway station put out of action for two weeks in 1942. By the end of the war over 200 buildings had been damaged or destroyed within
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2816-577: The Tees Valley Combined Authority . Middlesbrough was historically a township in the ancient parish of West Acklam in the Langbaurgh Wapentake (also known as Cleveland ) of the North Riding of Yorkshire . After the dissolution of the monastery in 1539 the former Middlesbrough Priory was used as a chapel of ease to West Acklam for a time, but by about 1660 the building had been demolished. Despite having no church building,
2904-648: The Teesside County Borough ; in 1974 , it became the county town of the Cleveland non-metropolitan county until its abolition and in 1996 , the Borough of Middlesbrough became a unitary authority of North Yorkshire . In 2011, a local enterprise partnership was formed from the former Cleveland boroughs and the borough of Darlington called Tees Valley , in 2016 the area appointed a combined authority mayor. The Middlesbrough constituency
2992-543: The Middlesbrough Estate Company. Through the company, the investors set about a new coal port development (designed by John Harris ) on the southern banks of the Tees. The first coal shipping staithes at the port (known as "Port Darlington") were constructed with a settlement to the east established on the site of Middlesbrough farm as labour for the port, taking on the farm's name as it developed into
3080-440: The Middlesbrough area. Areas of early and mid-Victorian housing were demolished and much of central Middlesbrough was redeveloped. Heavy industry was relocated to areas of land better suited to the needs of modern technology. Middlesbrough itself began to take on a completely different look. Post war industrial to contemporary un-industrial Middlesbrough has changed the town, multiple buildings replaced and roads built. The A66 road
3168-622: The National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs. The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to
3256-620: The North East region from 1993. When Cleveland was abolished on 1 April 1996, these areas ( Middlesbrough , Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees ) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region. Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York district and parts of the three adjoining districts ( Haxby and nearby rural areas) became
3344-660: The North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby , Kirkby Overblow , and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate. The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park , and the Nidderdale AONB . It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne . The belt
3432-585: The Tees area since 1841 when Henry Bolckow in partnership with John Vaughan , founded the Vulcan iron foundry and rolling mill . Vaughan introduced the new "Bell Hopper" system of closed blast furnaces developed at the Ebbw Vale works. The new system and nearby abundant supply of Ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1850, made the works a success with the area becoming known as the "Iron-smelting centre of
3520-651: The Tees between Yarm and Ingleby Barwick; the Esk flows east directly into the North Sea at Whitby as well as the Rye (which later becomes the Derwent at Malton) flows south into the River Ouse at Goole. The county is less than 10 miles from Morecambe Bay at its closest point. North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, which surrounds the neighbouring metropolitan area of Leeds along
3608-517: The UK for visitors. In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness". During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales
Middlesbrough - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-624: The Ure/Ouse, which at 208 km (129 mi) long is the sixth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river is called the Ure until it meets Ouse Gill beck just below the village of Great Ouseburn, where it becomes the Ouse and flows south before exiting the county near Goole and entering the Humber estuary . The North York Moors are the catchment for a number of rivers: the Leven which flows north into
3784-539: The area in 2006 and the remaining companies are now members of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC). The Middlesbrough Mela is an annual, multi-cultural festival attracting an audience of up to 40,000 to enjoy a mix of live music, food, craft and fashion stalls. It began in Middlesbrough's Central Gardens, now Centre Square, and is either held there or in Albert Park. Middlesbrough also has
3872-722: The capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line . LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough . The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton . Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk Northallerton and Eaglescliffe then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham. Northern operates
3960-407: The city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan". A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic. Tourism in the county was expected to increase after
4048-451: The combined authority are governed from County Hall , Northallerton . The Tees Valley Combined Authority was formed in 2016 by five unitary authorities ; Middlesbrough , Redcar and Cleveland Borough both of North Yorkshire, Stockton-on-Tees Borough (Uniquely for England, split between North Yorkshire and County Durham ), Hartlepool Borough and Darlington Borough of County Durham. In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture
4136-772: The county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK. Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves . Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year. Sunshine
4224-684: The county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International ( Darlington ), Newcastle and Leeds Bradford . The main campus of Teesside University is in Middlesbrough, while York contains the main campuses of the University of York and York St John University . There are also two secondary campuses in the county: CU Scarborough , a campus of Coventry University , and Queen's Campus, Durham University in Thornaby-on-Tees. The county receives terrestrial television from four main transmission towers. Bilsdale Mast transmits in
4312-459: The county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021. The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis". A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that
4400-547: The county's north from near Helmsley in the county; providing BBC North East and Cumbria , ITV Tyne Tees and BBC Radio Tees . Emley Moor Mast transmits in the county's south, between Selby and Northallerton, from West Yorkshire and Oliver's Mount Mast transmits Scarborough and Filey providing BBC Yorkshire , ITV Yorkshire and BBC Radio York . Settle and the county's far west is served by BBC Radio Lancashire , BBC North West and ITV Granada from Winter Hill Mast , Lancashire. Township (England) The township
4488-480: The districts of Halfway, Mosborough village, Waterthorpe, and Westfield, is one of the 28 electoral wards in the City of Sheffield. It is located in the eastern part of the city and is one of the wards that make up the Sheffield Attercliffe parliamentary constituency . The area is often referred to as Mosborough Townships, but this usage does not have any administrative significance. In Shropshire,
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#17327719796484576-424: The economy. The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations. York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs. In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in
4664-414: The estate covering approximately 779 acres. Steel, petrochemical, agribulks, manufacturing, engineering and high street commerce operations are all supported through Teesport, in addition to the renewable energy sector, in both production and assembly facilities. In 1875, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co opened the Cleveland Steelworks in Middlesbrough, beginning the transition from iron production to steel and, by
4752-505: The far north east of the county is Roseberry Topping . North Yorkshire contains several major rivers. The River Tees is the most northerly, forming part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham in its lower reaches and flowing east through Teesdale before reaching the North Sea near Redcar. The Yorkshire Dales are the source of many of the county's major rivers, including the Aire , Lune , Ribble , Swale , Ure , and Wharfe . The Aire, Swale, and Wharfe are tributaries of
4840-403: The following year. In 1900, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co had become the largest producer of steel in Great Britain. The town's rapid expansion continued throughout the second half of the 19th century (fuelled by the iron and steel industry), the population reaching 90,000 by the dawn of the 20th century. Middlesbrough was the first major British town and industrial target to be bombed during
4928-431: The heavy industry in the area, newer technologies (such as the digital sector) have emerged. Middlesbrough also remains a stronghold for engineering based manufacturing and engineering contract service businesses. To help support this, the new TeesAMP advanced manufacturing park is designed to accommodate businesses associated with advanced manufacturing and emerging technologies. Announced in September 2020, TeesAMP will be
5016-407: The holy sites of Durham and Whitby . The earliest recorded form of Middlesbrough's name is "Mydilsburgh". Some believe the name means "middle fortress", as it was midway between the two religious houses of Durham and Whitby; others state that it is an Old English personal name ( Midele or Myhailf ) combined with burgh meaning town. In 686, a monastic cell was consecrated by St. Cuthbert at
5104-413: The infamous SS Mont-Blanc , the steamship which caused the 1917 Halifax Explosion in Canada. The area is still home to the nearby large Wilton International industrial site which until 1995 was largely owned by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). The fragmentation of that company led to smaller manufacturing units being owned by multinational organisations. The last part of ICI itself completely left
5192-410: The location of the UK's first hydrogen transport centre. Teesport , owned by PD Ports , is a major contributor to the economy of Middlesbrough and the port owners have their offices in the town. The port is 1 mile (2 km) from the North Sea and 4 miles (6 km) east of Middlesbrough, on the River Tees . In 2019 it handled over 4,350 vessels each year and around 27 million tonnes of cargo with
5280-736: The mild summers and cool winters are far removed from the average climates of the latitude (54.5°N). This is mainly due to the British Isles being a relatively small land mass surrounded by water, the mild south-westerly Gulf Stream air that dominates the British Isles, and the propensity for cloud cover to limit temperature extremes. In nearby Scandinavia , more than ten degrees further north, there are coastal Bothnian climates with warmer summers than Middlesbrough; and winters in Middlesbrough can be less cold than those at lower latitudes in mainland Europe. Middlesbrough has four shopping centres accessible from Linthorpe road: Cleveland Centre , Hill Street, Captain Cook Square and Dundas. Gateway Retail Park
5368-447: The new North Riding County Council , whilst remaining part of the North Riding of Yorkshire for ceremonial purposes. By this time, the borough covered the civil parish of Middlesbrough and parts of the parishes of Linthorpe (where the old township had been made a separate parish in 1866), Marton , Normanby , Ormesby and West Acklam. The Local Government Act 1894 said that parishes could no longer straddle borough boundaries, and so
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#17327719796485456-410: The original grid-iron street plan of the town still exist in the area today. The expansion of Middlesbrough southwards, eastwards and westwards continued throughout the 20th century absorbing villages such as Linthorpe , Acklam , Ormesby , Marton and Nunthorpe and continues to the present day. The local authority is Middlesbrough Council , a unitary authority . Middlesbrough also forms part of
5544-451: The parish of Middlesbrough was enlarged to cover the whole borough. The borough was further enlarged in 1913, taking in the rest of Linthorpe and the North Ormesby area from the parish of Ormesby. In 1932 it gained West Acklam and smaller parts from other parishes when the Middlesbrough Rural District was abolished. In the latter half of the 20th century, Middlesbrough was affected by three reforms: in 1968 , Middlesbrough became part of
5632-424: The poor and surveyors of highways in the same way as a parish and they financed their obligations by levying a rate, in the same way as parish officials. The original definition of a civil parish was any place in respect of which a rate could lawfully be levied. Most townships disappeared before 1866 either being included into adjacent civil parishes or gaining their own separate civil parish status. The use of
5720-405: The regions roads, which was also mirrored in road accidents, which totalled 948 in 2020, a drop of 7% on the previous year which had 1,021 accidents. Additionally, miles travelled by all types of vehicle dropped, with cars having the largest drop, LCV and HGV less so, but pedal bicycle usage slightly increased. Post-pandemic health effects included children worrying more about life and whether
5808-453: The remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line , Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton , the Hull to York Line via Selby , the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and
5896-525: The request of St. Hilda , Abbess of Whitby . The cell evolved into Middlesbrough Priory . The manor of Middlesburgh belonged to Whitby Abbey and Gisborough Priory . Robert Bruce, Lord of Cleveland and Annandale , granted and confirmed, in 1119, the church of St. Hilda of Middleburg to Whitby. Up until its closure on the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII in 1537, the church was maintained by 12 Benedictine monks, many of whom became vicars, or rectors, of various places in Cleveland. After
5984-515: The restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small , a TV series about the vet James Herriot , based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020. The lockdowns affected traffic volumes across
6072-442: The south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west. The county is the largest in England by land area, at 8,654 km (3,341 sq mi), and had a population of 1,158,816 in 2021. The largest settlements are Middlesbrough (148,215) in the north-east and the city of York (141,685) in the south. Middlesbrough is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into County Durham and had
6160-426: The term 'township' persisted and has recently been revived as a name for subdivisions of boroughs in northern England. For example, the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale has township committees , and the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan divides the borough into ten townships, which each have a township forum. Wirral is divided into forty-four, for planning purposes. In Sheffield, Mosborough ward, which includes
6248-434: The town are off the B1380 road (Ladgate Lane): Sandy Flatts, Middlesbrough Municipal Golf Course, Stewart Park and Ormesby Hall 's grounds. It is one of the Tree Cities of the World . The town centre is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from the coast, 7 miles (11 km) from Roseberry Topping in the North York Moors National Park and 25 miles (40 km) from the Yorkshire Dales National Park . Middlesbrough
6336-430: The town the right to have a mayor, aldermen and councillors. Henry Bolckow became mayor, in 1853. In the latter half of the 19th century, Old Middlesbrough was starting to decline and was overshadowed by developments built around the new town hall , south of the original town hall . On 15 August 1867, a Reform Bill was passed, making Middlesbrough a new parliamentary borough, Bolckow was elected member for Middlesbrough
6424-477: The township of Linthorpe. The commissioners were superseded in 1853 when the same area was made a municipal borough . The borough boundaries were extended in 1858, 1866 and 1887. When elected county councils were created in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 , Middlesbrough was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it became a county borough , independent from
6512-610: The turn of the century, the area had become one of the major steel centres in the country and possibly the world. In 1900, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co had become the largest producer of steel in Great Britain. In 1914, Dorman Long , another major steel producer from Middlesbrough, became the largest company in Britain, employing a workforce of over 20,000, and by 1929 it was the dominant steel producer on Teesside after taking over Bolckow, Vaughan & Co and acquiring its assets. It
6600-461: The unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years – with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses". York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking
6688-580: The west, and the Cleveland Hills to the south, Middlesbrough is in one of the relatively dry parts of the country, receiving on average 574 millimetres (22.6 inches) of rain a year. Temperatures range from mild summer highs in July and August typically around 21 °C (70 °F), to winter lows in December and January falling to around 0 °C (32 °F). Seasonal variations are small and both
6776-493: The world" and Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd the largest company in existence at the time. By 1851, Middlesbrough's population had grown from 40 people in 1829 to 7,600. Pig iron production rose tenfold between 1851 and 1856 and by the mid-1870s Middlesbrough was producing one third of the entire nation's Pig Iron output. It was during this time Middlesbrough earned the nickname "Ironopolis". On 21 January 1853, Middlesbrough received its Royal Charter of Incorporation , giving
6864-520: Was affected by the Beeching cuts in 1965 with the rail-line connecting Whitby to Scarborough axed. It was opened in 1885, closed in 1965 then repurposed and re-opened in 2000. The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton , Thirsk and York . Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway , Northern Rail , TransPennine Express and Grand Central . LNER and Grand Central operate services to
6952-399: Was built through the town in the 1980s; Middlesbrough's Royal Exchange building was demolished to make way for the road. Middlesbrough F.C.'s modern Riverside Stadium opened on 26 August 1995 next to Middlesbrough Dock. The club moved from their previous home in the town for 92 years, Ayresome Park . The original St.Hilda's area of Middlesbrough, after decades of decline and clearance,
7040-736: Was elected in May 2024. The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales , two of eleven areas in England and Wales to be designated national parks . Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills . The highest point is Whernside , on the Cumbrian border, at 2,415 feet (736 m). A distinctive hill to
7128-484: Was first drawn up from the 1950s. The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts. North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate , like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate . Overall, with
7216-462: Was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972 . It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire , as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire , northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York . Northallerton , as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town. In 1993 the county
7304-419: Was given a new name of Middlehaven in 1986 on investment proposals to build on the land. Middlehaven has since had new buildings built there including Middlesbrough College and Middlesbrough FC's Riverside Stadium amongst others. Also situated at Middlehaven is the "Boho" zone, offering office space to the area's business and to attract new companies, and also "Bohouse", housing. Some of the street names from
7392-582: Was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region. From 1974 to 1996 the area of the non-metropolitan county was the same as the area of the ceremonial county. The county was divided into eight districts ( York , Craven , Hambleton , Harrogate , Richmondshire , Ryedale , Scarborough and Selby ). Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in
7480-674: Was possibly the largest steel producer in Britain at the time. The steel components of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (1932) were engineered and fabricated by Dorman Long of Middlesbrough. The company was also responsible for the New Tyne Bridge in Newcastle . Several large shipyards also lined the Tees, including the Sir Raylton Dixon & Company , which produced hundreds of steam freighters including
7568-462: Was re-established within the new county of Cleveland . The new county was abolished in 1996, and since then the town's borough has had unitary authority status within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. Since 2016, Middlesbrough has had a representative seat on the Tees Valley Combined Authority (TVCA). Middlesbrough started as a Benedictine priory on the south bank of the River Tees , its name possibly derived from it being midway between
7656-588: Was the first purpose designed theatre to be erected in post-war England when it was opened on 22 October 1957 by Sir John Gielgud . North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to
7744-451: Was £314,000. In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. Unemployment in
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