The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility ( NBAF ) is a biosafety level 4 research laboratory in Manhattan, Kansas , operated by the United States Department of Agriculture . The facility opened in June 2023. The facility is designed to combat biological threats involving human, zoonotic, and foreign animal diseases. The NBAF replaced the aging Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) on Plum Island, New York . The primary research tenants of the facility are the Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Animal Plant Health Inspection Service , Veterinary Services (USDA-APHIS-VS). Construction on the 574,000-square-foot (53,300 m ) facility officially began in May 2015, and was scheduled to be completed by May 2021. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic , however, has delayed scheduled commissioning to October 2021, followed by further delays to Spring, and finally summer 2023. Operations will be fully transferred from the Plum Island facility by 2023. The facility employs between 250 and 350 people. The facility is a constituent member of the Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network , and is currently led by Alfonso Clavijo.
39-408: NBAF can refer to: National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility National Black Arts Festival 2-aminomuconate deaminase , an enzyme Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NBAF . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
78-563: A July 2010 draft report, because it is located on the mainland U.S. unlike the current Plum Island facility . This led to a further "site-specific" study of the facility's safety, issued by DHS in 2012. Plum Island is the only research facility currently studying foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the U.S. In 2008, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to evaluate the evidence DHS used to support its determinations that FMD work can be done safely on
117-482: A Nobel Prize. By its own admission in 1989, the addition of women to the academy "continues at a dismal trickle"; at that time there were 1,516 male members and 57 female members. The National Academy of Sciences is one of the 135 member organizations of the International Science Council (ISC). Although there is no formal relationship with state and local academies of science, there often
156-511: A formal nomination, followed by a vetting period, and culminates in a final ballot at the academy's annual meeting in April each year. Members are affiliated with a specific scientific field in one of six so-called "classes", which include: Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Biological Sciences; Engineering and Applied Sciences; Biomedical Sciences; Behavioral and Social Sciences; and Applied Biological, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. Over
195-532: A letter signed by 255 Academy members was published in Science magazine , decrying "political assaults" against climate change scientists. This was in response to a civil investigative demand on the University of Virginia (UVA) by Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli , seeking a broad range of documents from Michael E. Mann , a former UVA professor from 1999 to 2005. Mann, who currently works at
234-692: A nation in Civil War as the Lazzaroni had hoped, nor did it centralize American scientific efforts. However, election to the National Academy did come to be considered "the pinnacle of scientific achievement for Americans" until the establishment of the Nobel Prize at the end of the 19th century. In 1870, the congressional charter was amended to remove the limitation on the number of members. In 2013, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson
273-542: A number of different awards: In 2005, the national science academies of the G8 forum (including the National Academy of Sciences) and science academies of Brazil, China, and India (three of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the developing world) signed a statement on the global response to climate change . The statement stresses that the scientific understanding of climate change had become sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action. On May 7, 2010,
312-544: A risk or propensity of becoming the tool of one part of the government. The goal was somewhat unusual at the time, and also different than other knowledge based entities serving a branch of government, such as the Library of Congress. The academy receives no compensation from the government for its services. As of 2024 , the National Academy of Sciences includes 2,687 NAS members and 531 international members . It employed about 1,100 staff in 2005. Some 190 members have won
351-477: Is an NAS conference facility. The president is the head of the academy, elected by a majority vote of the membership to serve in this position for a term to be determined by the governing Council, not to exceed six years, and may be re-elected for a second term. The academy has had 22 presidents since its foundation. The current president is geophysicist Marcia K. McNutt , the first woman to hold this position. Her term expires on June 30, 2022. The academy gives
390-538: Is informal dialogue. The National Academy is governed by a 17-member Council, made up of five officers (president, vice president, home secretary, international secretary, and treasurer) and 12 Councilors, all of whom are elected from among the academy membership. Agencies of the United States government fund about 85 percent of the academy's activities. Further funding comes from state governments, private foundations, and industrial organizations. The council has
429-554: Is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine , along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). As a national academy , new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. Election to the National Academy is one of the highest honors in
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#1732780101417468-705: The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), its scholarly journal. The National Academies Press is the publisher for the National Academies and makes more than 5,000 publications freely available on its website. From 2004 to 2017, the National Academy of Sciences administered the Marian Koshland Science Museum to provide public exhibits and programming related to its policy work. The museum's exhibits focused on climate change and infectious disease . In 2017,
507-522: The Department of Homeland Security shed its interest in the project, and agreed to transfer operating responsibility of the facility once completed to the Department of Agriculture. DHS remained in charge of the construction until it was completed. National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization . NAS
546-562: The Ivy League , account for nearly 28% of all members ever elected. Those ten are also precisely the only institutions in the entire history of the NAS to have had 100 or more members overall. On the list for living members, only 14 institutions have 50 or more members overall, including the medical school (where it applies). They represent 32% of all living members of the NAS. The National Academy of Sciences maintains multiple buildings around
585-605: The National Academy of Sciences to appoint a committee of the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent evaluation of this site-specific risk analysis to determine its adequacy and validity. Congress would not release construction funds until these were completed and evaluated. DHS completed the requisite site-specific risk analysis (SSRA) in March 2012, and the NRC committee issued its evaluation of
624-529: The Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art, the actual expense of such investigations, examinations, experiments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may be made for the purpose, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatever for any services to the Government of the United States. The National Academies did not solve the problems facing
663-500: The NAS, NAE, and NAM. Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences hosts exhibitions exploring intersections of art, science, and culture such as Mathemalchemy . The 2012 Presidential Award for Math and Science Teaching ceremony was held here on March 5, 2014. Approximately 150 staff members work at the NAS Building. In June 2012, it reopened to visitors after a major two-year restoration project which restored and improved
702-554: The NBAF. An official groundbreaking ceremony for construction of the power plant was held on May 28, 2013. The federal government budgeted $ 440 million for construction and related work on the NBAF under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014, signed into law on January 17, 2014. President Barack Obama included an additional $ 300 million for construction in his proposed 2015 budget , constituting
741-716: The National Academy of Sciences – formerly located at 525 E St., N.W. – hosted visits from the public, school field trips, and permanent science exhibits. NAS also maintains conference centers in California and Massachusetts. The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center is located on 100 Academy Drive in Irvine, California , near the campus of the University of California, Irvine ; it offers a conference center and houses several NAS programs. The J. Erik Jonsson Conference Center, located at 314 Quissett Avenue in Woods Hole, Massachusetts ,
780-580: The SSRA in June 2012. Preliminary clearing and grading of the proposed site began in 2010, construction on the site's power plant began in 2013, and construction of the lab began in 2015. On January 2, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security accepted a transfer of land from the State of Kansas for the site of the facility. In March 2013, a contract was awarded for the construction of a central utility plant for
819-515: The Senate and House approved it, and President Lincoln signed it. Although hailed as a great step forward in government recognition of the role of science in American society, at the time, the National Academy of Sciences created enormous ill-feelings among scientists, whether or not they were named as incorporators. The act states: [T]he Academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of
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#1732780101417858-452: The U.S. mainland, whether an island location provides any additional protection over and above that provided by modern high containment laboratories on the mainland, and the economic consequences of an FMD outbreak on the U.S. mainland. Because of concerns raised by the GAO in 2010, Congress instructed DHS to complete a "site-specific biosafety and biosecurity risk assessment." It also directed
897-544: The United States. The National Academy of Sciences Building is located at 2101 Constitution Avenue , in northwest Washington, D.C. ; it sits on the National Mall , adjacent to the Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building and in front of the headquarters of the U.S. State Department . The building has a neoclassical architectural style and was built by architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue . The building
936-524: The ability ad-hoc to delegate certain tasks to committees. For example, the Committee on Animal Nutrition has produced a series of Nutrient requirements of domestic animals reports since at least 1944, each one being initiated by a different sub-committee of experts in the field for example on dairy cattle . The National Academy of Sciences meets annually in Washington, D.C., which is documented in
975-505: The building's historic spaces, increased accessibility, and brought the building's aging infrastructure and facilities up to date. More than 1,000 National Academies staff members work at The Keck Center of the National Academies at 500 Fifth Street in northwest Washington, D.C. The Keck Center provides meeting space and houses the National Academies Press Bookstore. The Marian Koshland Science Museum of
1014-469: The entire history of the NAS, Harvard University is associated with the most members (331) overall, while the University of California at Berkeley is associated with the most members (255) without including the medical school. E.g. of the topmost schools, UC Berkeley/MIT/Princeton/Caltech do not have medical schools, while Harvard/Stanford do. The top ten institutions, two of which are from the University of California System and another four of which are in
1053-611: The facility will be used for BSL-4 level research. DHS decided to locate the NBAF in Manhattan, Kansas, after a multi-year process. Out of 29 original sites considered in 2006, the agency selected six finalists in 2008: Before the selection of the site, several rural advocacy groups, such as the National Grange , spoke out against the idea of locating the facility on the mainland. In addition, groups formed in Manhattan; Athens, Georgia; and Butner, North Carolina to oppose
1092-495: The final installment of federal construction spending for the facility. This funding was secured when President Obama signed into law the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2015 , on March 3, 2015. A groundbreaking ceremony for construction on the full facility was held on May 27, 2015. It was attended by Kansas Senator Pat Roberts , Kansas Governor Sam Brownback , U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack , and Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson . In 2019
1131-428: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NBAF&oldid=745091737 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility The NBAF was initially proposed because the prior facility on Plum Island
1170-609: The laboratory's proposed location in those cities. By memo dated December 4, 2008, the Department of Homeland Security named the Kansas site as the preferred location for the NBAF. On January 16, 2009, the record of decision was published in the Federal Register . After the Manhattan location was finalized in 2009, the Government Accountability Office questioned the choice of location in
1209-469: The museum closed and made way for a new science outreach program called LabX. The Act of Incorporation, signed by President Abraham Lincoln on March 3, 1863, created the National Academy of Sciences and named 50 charter members. Many of the original NAS members came from the so-called " Scientific Lazzaroni ", an informal network of mostly physical scientists working in the vicinity of Cambridge, Massachusetts ( c. 1850 ). In 1863,
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1248-507: The organizers enlisted the support of Alexander Dallas Bache , and also Charles Henry Davis , a professional astronomer who had been recently recalled from the Navy to Washington to head the Bureau of Navigation . They also elicited support from Swiss-American geologist Louis Agassiz and American mathematician Peirce , who together planned the steps whereby the National Academy of Sciences
1287-446: The purpose of "providing independent, objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology [and] to provide scientific advice to the government 'whenever called upon' by any government department", an objective that promulgated the academy with the broad and enduring purpose of enriching and providing resources to any part of the federal government—rather than as a tool of one branch, or executive agencies, which adds
1326-510: The scientific field. Members of the National Academy of Sciences serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation" on science, engineering, and medicine. The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Congress legislated, and President Abraham Lincoln signed, a 1863 Act of Congress establishing the National Academy of Sciences as an independent, trusted government institution created for
1365-488: The second President of NAS. Agassiz, Davis, Peirce, Benjamin Gould and Senator Wilson met at Bache's house and "hurriedly wrote the bill incorporating the Academy, including in it the name of fifty incorporators". During the last hours of the session, when the Senate was immersed in the rush of last-minute business before its adjournment, Senator Wilson introduced the bill. Without examining it or debating its provisions, both
1404-783: Was asked to write a speech for the 150th anniversary of the Gettysburg Address in which he made the point that one of Lincoln's greatest legacies was establishing the National Academy of Sciences in that same year, which had the long-term effect of "setting our Nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance, without which we all may perish from this Earth". The academy currently (as of late-2024) has 6892 members, including international ones, both past and present. 3218 of them are living. Existing members elect new members for life. Up to 120 members are elected every year while up to 30 foreign citizens may be elected as international members annually. The election process begins with
1443-547: Was considered inadequate by the Department of Homeland Security, citing its size, and lack of Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) capabilities. The new facility will research and develop countermeasures to combat high-consequence biological threats involving human, zoonotic (i.e., transmitted from animals to humans), and foreign animal diseases. Included among the diseases to be studied at the research lab are foot-and-mouth disease , classical swine fever , African swine fever and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia . Approximately 10% of
1482-469: Was dedicated in 1924 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Goodhue engaged a team of artists and architectural sculptors including Albert Herter , Lee Lawrie , and Hildreth Meière to design interior embellishments celebrating the history and significance of science. The building is used for lectures, symposia, exhibitions, and concerts, in addition to annual meetings of
1521-645: Was to be established. Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts was to name Agassiz to the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . Agassiz was to come to Washington, D.C., at the government's expense to plan the organization with the others. This bypassed Joseph Henry , who was reluctant to have a bill for such an academy presented to Congress . This was in the belief that such a resolution would be "opposed as something at variance with our democratic institutions". Nevertheless, Henry soon became
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