98-557: The Northern Advocate is the regional daily paper for the city of Whangārei and the Northland Region in New Zealand. The Whangarei Comet and Northern Advertiser was founded in 1875 as a weekly paper by George Alderton and, despite a small population which led to a prediction the paper "would go up like a comet, and come down like a stick", the paper flourished and within two years had expanded to 12 pages and become
196-416: A dry dock . Her hull , internal floors , and futtocks were built from traditional white oak , her keel and stern post from elm , and her masts from pine and fir . Plans of the ship also show a double keelson to lock the keel, floors and frames in place. There is uncertainty about the height of her standing masts, as surviving diagrams of Endeavour depict the body of the vessel only, and not
294-515: A "with-car" (goods train with a carriage attached) service lasted until June 1976. Restoration of the station by its Men's Shed occupant began in 2014 and was largely complete by 2020. Its Type C design was protected by a NZHPT Category II listing on 24 March 2006 (List Number 7646). The station was opened by the Minister for Railways, Gordon Coates , on 11 March 1925. Predecessor stations had been opened in 1880 and 1903. The 1880 station
392-474: A bridge linking it to Mair Park . The dome is frequently called Mount Parahaki, but the original Māori spelling of Parihaka was confirmed by the government in 2005. The Hatea River flows south through the city and empties into Whangārei Harbour . The river has a spectacular 26-metre (85 ft) waterfall in Tikipunga , 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) north of the city. Matakohe , or Limestone Island, lies in
490-582: A captain in the Royal Navy. First Lord of the Admiralty Edward Hawke refused, going so far as to say he would rather cut off his right hand than give command of a navy vessel to someone not educated as a seaman. In refusing Dalrymple's command, Hawke was influenced by previous insubordination aboard the sloop HMS Paramour in 1698, when naval officers had refused to take orders from civilian commander Edmond Halley . The impasse
588-563: A day from Whangārei, taking about 3 hours for the 158 km (98 mi) to Auckland and 1hr 45 mins to Kerikeri . Whangārei is connected to Auckland and Otiria by the North Auckland line , which carries freight only, the container transfer depot being at 33 Porowini Ave. From 1911 to 1933 it was also on the Onerahi Branch . The railway station lost its last scheduled passenger service on 15 September 1975, although
686-682: A flag and plaque confirming Britain's sovereignty. Endeavour was paid off in September 1774, being sold in March 1775 by the Royal Navy to shipping magnate J. Mather for £645. Mather returned her to sea for at least one commercial voyage to Archangel in Russia. Once the American War of Independence had commenced, the British government needed ships to carry troops and materiel across
784-538: A fleet of Royal Navy and hired craft, including Lord Sandwich 2 , were scuttled at various locations in the Bay. Lord Sandwich 2 , previously Endeavour , previously Earl of Pembroke , was sunk on 4 August 1778. The owners of the sunken vessels were compensated by the British government for the loss of their ships. The Admiralty valuation for 10 of the sunken vessels recorded that many had been built in Yorkshire, and
882-461: A hundred fish in the harbour, which they classified as " bream " (probably snapper ), prompting Cook to name the area Bream Bay . In the early 19th century, when Europeans began visiting the harbour more regularly, Ngāpuhi occupied Whangārei, and the Te Parawhau hapū lived at the head of the harbour. In the 1820s, the area was repeatedly attacked by Waikato and Ngāti Paoa raiders during
980-468: A milking goat. The first port of call was Funchal in the Madeira Islands , which Endeavour reached on 12 September. The ship was recaulked and painted, and fresh vegetables, beef and water were brought aboard for the next leg of the voyage. While in port, an accident cost the life of master's mate Robert Weir, who became entangled in the anchor cable and was dragged overboard when the anchor
1078-630: A naval schooner sold out of service in 1782. A further letter to the Providence Journal stated that a retired English sailor was conducting guided tours of a hulk on the River Thames as late as 1825, claiming that the ship had once been Cook's Endeavour. In 1991 the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP) began research into the identity of the thirteen transports sunk as part of
SECTION 10
#17327979007421176-408: A number of private tertiary educational organisations that provide technical and vocational training. There are several schools which offer secondary schooling education within the urban area. Most suburbs have their own primary school. There are two intermediate schools (years 7–8) in the urban area. Several primary schools offer education from years 1–8. HM Bark Endeavour HMS Endeavour
1274-618: A weekly tabloid -format community paper , delivered free on Thursdays to all homes south of the Brynderwyns , across to Dargaville and north to Ōakura, Northland . The Northland Age is a twice-weekly broadsheet community paper, delivered free on Tuesdays and Thursdays to all retailers and homes in Kerikeri , the Bay of Islands area down to Moerewa in the south. Whang%C4%81rei Whangārei ( Māori: [faŋaːˈɾɛi] )
1372-479: Is plentiful rainfall spread relatively evenly throughout the year. Using the Trewartha classification Whangārei is firmly a maritime subtropical climate due to its absence of winter cold. The Whangārei urban area covers 63.53 km (24.53 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 56,800 as of June 2024, with a population density of 894 people per km . The urban area had a population of 53,841 in
1470-588: Is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region . It is part of the Whangarei District , created in 1989 from the former Whangārei City, Whangārei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,800 in June 2024, an increase from 47,000 in 2001. The origin of the name Whangārei
1568-509: Is unclear, as a number of pūrākau (Māori traditional stories) are associated with the harbour. One major tradition involves the sisters Reitū and Reipae of the Tainui migratory waka, who either flew from the Waikato north on the backs of birds, or in the form of birds. Other traditions describe the meaning of Whangārei as "lying in wait to ambush", referring to warriors watching over
1666-872: The 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,947 people (3.8%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 9,111 people (20.4%) since the 2013 census . There were 25,776 males, 27,918 females and 147 people of other genders in 19,821 dwellings. 3.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 38.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 11,022 people (20.5%) aged under 15 years, 9,714 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 22,353 (41.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 10,752 (20.0%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 68.5% European ( Pākehā ); 37.3% Māori ; 5.6% Pasifika ; 8.9% Asian ; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
1764-494: The Endeavour River . Cook attempted to enter the river mouth, but strong winds and rain prevented Endeavour from crossing the bar until the morning of 17 June. She grounded briefly on a sand spit but was refloated an hour later and warped into the river proper by early afternoon. The ship was promptly beached on the southern bank and careened to make repairs to the hull. Torn sails and rigging were also replaced and
1862-600: The Falkland Islands . The first, under the command of sailing master John Dykes, was to deliver "sufficient provisions to serve 350 men to the end of the year 1772"; she sailed from Portsmouth on 8 November 1771, but due to terrible weather did not arrive at Port Egmont (the British base in the Falkland Islands) until 1 March. Endeavour sailed from Port Egmont on 4 May in a three-month non-stop voyage until she anchored at Portsmouth. The second voyage
1960-563: The Hatea River was opened, in the form of a bascule bridge . There are several cycle/walk ways under development connecting the city centre with the outer suburbs. These include Kamo (currently under construction), Onerahi (completed) and Raumanga/Maunu (several sections completed). The Hatea Loop (Huarahi o te Whai) is a central mixed space walkway connecting the Town Basin, Hihiaua Peninsula, Okara, Pohe Island and Riverside areas of
2058-606: The Musket Wars . The first European settler was William Carruth, a Scotsman and trader, who arrived in 1839 and was joined six years later by Gilbert Mair and his family. Relations between the settlers and local Māori were generally friendly, but in February 1842, all settler farms were plundered in revenge for transgressions of tapu . In April 1845, during the Flagstaff War , all settlers fled from Whangārei. Most of
SECTION 20
#17327979007422156-570: The Northern Advocate and General Advertiser , with a small section printed in Māori . The paper began daily publication in 1902. On Monday, 23 April 2012, the weekday Northern Advocate changed to tabloid format. After a long period of decline, owner Stuff announced in 2024 that major staff cuts would be made to the Advocate alongside other regional newspapers. The Whangarei Report is
2254-422: The Northland Region . It offers degrees, diplomas and certificates in a wide variety of academic, professional and technical fields. The degrees are nationally monitored for quality and so can lead to postgraduate study at universities and other institutions. NorthTec has around 23,000 students studying either part-time or full-time. The University of Auckland maintains a campus in the city centre. There are also
2352-547: The Society Islands . Landfall was made at Huahine, Raiatea and Borabora, providing opportunities for Cook to claim each of them as British territories. An attempt to land the pinnace on the Austral Island of Rurutu was thwarted by rough surf and the rocky shoreline. On 15 August, Endeavour finally turned south to explore the open ocean for Terra Australis Incognita . In October 1769, Endeavour reached
2450-736: The boatswain John Gathrey, and the other to Banks. The ship was also equipped with a set of 28 ft (8.5 m) sweeps to allow her to be rowed forward if becalmed or demasted. The refitted vessel was commissioned as His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour , to distinguish her from the four-gun cutter HMS Endeavour . On 21 July 1768, Endeavour sailed to Gallions Reach on the Thames to take on armaments to protect her against potentially hostile Pacific island natives. Ten 4-pounder cannon were brought aboard, six of which were mounted on
2548-560: The central city . Whangārei is served by Northport , a seaport at Marsden Point . It was previously served by Port Whangārei, in the upper harbour near the city, which was operated by the Northland Harbour Board until 1988, when it was transferred to the Northland Port Corporation. The first two berths at Marsden Point opened in 2002, and Port Whangārei closed to commercial shipping in 2007 when
2646-479: The 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun. She then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the islands of Huahine , Bora Bora , and Raiatea west of Tahiti to allow Cook to claim them for Great Britain. In September 1769, she anchored off New Zealand, becoming the first European vessel to reach the islands since Abel Tasman 's Heemskerck 127 years earlier. In April 1770, Endeavour became
2744-472: The Atlantic. In 1775 Mather submitted Endeavour as a transport ship, being rejected. Thinking that renaming her would fool Deptford Yard, Mather resubmitted Endeavour under the name Lord Sandwich . As Lord Sandwich she was rejected in no uncertain terms: "Unfit for service. She was sold out Service Called Endeavour Bark refused before". Repairs were made, with acceptance in her third submission, under
2842-905: The Australian National Maritime Museum examined some known wrecks in the harbour and in 2000, RIMAP and the ANMM examined a site that appears to be one of the blockade vessels, partly covered by a separate wreck of a 20th-century barge. The older remains were those of a wooden vessel of approximately the same size, and possibly a similar design and materials as Lord Sandwich ex Endeavour . Confirmation that Cook's former ship had indeed been in Newport Harbor sparked public interest in locating her wreck. However, further mapping showed eight other 18th-century wrecks in Newport Harbor, some with features and conditions also consistent with Endeavour . In 2006 RIMAP announced that
2940-508: The Baltic. Rehired as a British troop transport during the American War of Independence , she was finally scuttled in a blockade of Narragansett Bay , Rhode Island, in 1778. Historical evidence indicates the ship was sunk just north of Goat Island in Newport Harbor, along with four other British transports. Relics from Endeavour are displayed at maritime museums worldwide, including an anchor and six of her cannon. A replica of Endeavour
3038-634: The Cape over the next two days were unsuccessful, and Endeavour was repeatedly driven back by wind, rain and contrary tides. Cook noted that the seas off the Cape were large enough to regularly submerge the bow of the ship as she rode down from the crests of waves. At last, on 16 January the wind eased and the ship was able to pass the Cape and anchor in the Bay of Good Success on the Pacific coast. The crew were sent to collect wood and water, while Banks and his team gathered hundreds of plant specimens from along
The Northern Advocate - Misplaced Pages Continue
3136-690: The French and the Spanish. The government assessed that if British ships and troops were engaged in America, Spain might seize the Falklands, capturing the small garrison at Port Egmont with maybe loss of life – this, it was feared, would trigger an outcry which might topple the government. Endeavour left England in January 1774, sailing from the Falklands with all the British inhabitants on 23 April, leaving
3234-566: The Great Barrier Reef in June. The ship's carpenter, John Seetterly, observed that she was "very leaky – makes from twelve to six inches an hour, occasioned by her main keel being wounded in many places, false keel gone from beyond the midships . Wounded on her larbord side where the greatest leak is but I could not come at it for the water." An inspection of the hull revealed that some unrepaired planks were cut through to within 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm). Cook noted it
3332-651: The Newport blockade of 1778, including Lord Sandwich. In 1999 RIMAP discovered documents in the Public Record Office (now called the National Archives) in London confirming that Endeavour had been renamed Lord Sandwich , had served as a troop transport to North America, and had been scuttled at Newport as part of the 1778 fleet of transports. In 1999, a combined research team from RIMAP and
3430-652: The Northland Regional Council, of which the city is the seat. Whangārei is governed locally by the Whangarei District Council . The city is split into two of the council wards, Denby, which takes the northern suburbs, and Okara, which takes the southern half of the city. Whangārei is covered by the Northland Police District, which is split into two areas, Whangārei/Kaipara and Mid/Far North. Judicially,
3528-659: The Riverbank Centre in the town basin. Disruptive Performers (Theatre Group) was formed in 2019, and they staged their first production in November 2020. Whangārei is home to many music organisations, such as Whangārei Youth Music, the Northland Sinfonia, and Sistema Whangārei. NorthTec , with its main campus located in the Whangārei suburb of Raumanga , is the chief provider of tertiary education in
3626-568: The Royal Society representatives: naturalist Joseph Banks , Banks' assistants Daniel Solander and Herman Spöring , astronomer Charles Green , and artists Sydney Parkinson and Alexander Buchan . These cabins encircled the officers' mess. The great cabin at the rear of the deck was designed as a workroom for Cook and the Royal Society. On the rear lower deck, cabins facing on to the mates' mess were assigned to lieutenants Zachary Hickes and John Gore , ship's surgeon William Monkhouse,
3724-484: The annotation may be a transcription error with "19 yards 29 inches" (18.1 m) being the true reading. If so, this would more closely conform with both naval standards and the lengths of the other masts. On 16 February 1768, the Royal Society petitioned King George III to finance a scientific expedition to the Pacific to study and observe the 1769 transit of Venus across the sun. Royal approval
3822-422: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 5,895 (13.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 23,538 (55.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 11,589 (27.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,300, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 2,832 people (6.6%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
3920-499: The coal and whaling Port of Whitby in the North Riding of Yorkshire . She was a type known locally as the " Whitby Cat ". She was ship-rigged and sturdily built with a broad, flat bow , a square stern and a long, box-like body with a deep hold . A flat-bottomed design made her well-suited to sailing in shallow waters and allowed her to be beached for loading and unloading of cargo and for basic repairs without requiring
4018-466: The coast, picking a path through intermittent shoals and reefs with the help of the pinnace, which was rowed ahead to test the water depth. By 26 August she was out of sight of land, and had entered the open waters of the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea , earlier navigated by Luis Váez de Torres in 1606. To keep Endeavour ' s voyages and discoveries secret, Cook confiscated
The Northern Advocate - Misplaced Pages Continue
4116-532: The coastline of New Zealand, becoming the first European vessel to do so since Abel Tasman 's Heemskerck in 1642. Unfamiliar with such ships, the Māori people at Cook's first landing point in Poverty Bay thought the ship was a floating island, or a gigantic bird from their mythical homeland of Hawaiki . Endeavour spent the next six months sailing close to shore, while Cook mapped the coastline and concluded that New Zealand comprised two large islands and
4214-581: The details of the Lord Sandwich transport matched those of the former Endeavour including construction in Whitby, a burthen of 368 + 71 ⁄ 94 tons, and re-entry into Navy service on 10 February 1776. In 1834 a letter appeared in the Providence Journal of Rhode Island, drawing attention to the possible presence of the former Endeavour on the seabed of the bay. This
4312-457: The entire crew. Despite this, Banks noted in his journal the calm efficiency of the crew in the face of danger, contrary to stories he had heard of seamen panicking or refusing orders in such circumstances. Midshipman Jonathon Monkhouse proposed fothering the ship, as he had previously been on a merchant ship which used the technique successfully. He was entrusted with supervising the task, sewing bits of oakum and wool into an old sail, which
4410-756: The first European ship to reach the east coast of Australia, with Cook going ashore at what is now known as Botany Bay . Endeavour then sailed north along the Australian coast. She narrowly avoided disaster after running aground on the Great Barrier Reef , and Cook had to throw her guns overboard to lighten her. Endeavour was beached on the Australian mainland for seven weeks to permit repairs to her hull. Resuming her voyage, she limped into port in Batavia in October 1770, her crew sworn to secrecy about
4508-498: The funding target of $ 20.97 million was raised by a volunteer team in time for a June 2017 deadline, and the centre opened in February of 2022. A container port could follow, linked by rail to Auckland. The extensive, flat undeveloped land around Northport is a suggested solution to excess population growth in Auckland and the associated lack of industrial land. Mount Parihaka is a volcanic dome rising 259 metres (850 ft) to
4606-485: The gunner Stephen Forwood, ship's master Robert Molyneux, and the captain's clerk Richard Orton. The adjoining open mess deck provided sleeping and living quarters for the marines and crew, and additional storage space. A longboat , pinnace and yawl were provided as ship's boats, though the longboat was rotten, having to be rebuilt and painted with white lead before it could be brought aboard. These were accompanied by two privately owned skiffs, one belonging to
4704-542: The harbour close to the city. Owned by Whangarei District, it is subject to ecological island restoration by the Friends of Matakohe/Limestone Island Society. Whangārei Central is the main business district. The city's urban area spreads through the valleys of the surrounding area. The suburbs are: Whangārei has an oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ). The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows. Summer days occasionally exceed 30 °C, and there
4802-462: The harbour from Te Tihi-o-Kahukura / Castle Rock , or Whangārei meaning "to gather", referring to the harbour as a gathering place for whales or for important rangatira . The harbour is known from traditional histories as a landing point for many of the migratory waka which reached New Zealand, including Tūnui-ā-rangi and Te Arawa . Many stories involving the Whangārei Harbour involve
4900-438: The hull scraped free of barnacles. An examination of the hull showed that a piece of coral the size of a man's fist had cleanly sliced through the timbers before breaking off. Surrounded by pieces of oakum from the fother, this coral fragment had helped plug the hole in the hull and preserved the ship from sinking on the reef. After waiting for the wind, Endeavour resumed her voyage on the afternoon of 5 August 1770, reaching
4998-437: The hull where his predecessor had used the top of the cross-beams. The mistake suggested the water depth had increased by about 18 inches (46 cm) between soundings, sending a wave of fear through the ship. As soon as the mistake was realised, redoubled efforts kept the pumps ahead of the leak. The prospects if the ship sank were grim. The vessel was 24 miles (39 km) from shore and the three ship's boats could not carry
SECTION 50
#17327979007425096-470: The hull. Broken timbers were replaced and the hull recaulked, scraped of shellfish and marine flora, and repainted. Finally, the rigging and pumps were renewed and fresh stores brought aboard for the return journey to England. Repairs and replenishment were completed by Christmas Day 1770, and the next day Endeavour weighed anchor and set sail westward towards the Indian Ocean . Though Endeavour
5194-573: The icy shore. On 17 January two of Banks' servants died from cold while attempting to return to the ship during a heavy snowstorm. Endeavour resumed her voyage on 21 January 1769, heading west-northwest into warmer weather. She reached Tahiti on 10 April, where she remained for the next three months. The transit of Venus across the Sun occurred on 3 June, and was observed and recorded by astronomer Charles Green from Endeavour 's deck. The transit observed, Endeavour departed Tahiti on 13 July and headed northwest to allow Cook to survey and name
5292-571: The lands that they had visited. From Batavia Endeavour continued westward, rounded the Cape of Good Hope on 13 March 1771 and reached the English port of Dover on 12 July, having been at sea for nearly three years. The ship was largely forgotten after her Pacific voyage, spending the next three years hauling troops and cargo to and from the Falkland Islands . She was renamed in 1775 after being sold into private hands, and used to transport timber from
5390-660: The legendary chief Manaia . Whangārei was traditionally an important location for trade during much of pre-European Māori history , linking the Muriwhenua iwi of the far north, the residents of the Hauraki Gulf islands, and Tāmaki Māori iwi to the south. An overland route, the Mangapai portage , allowed waka to be hauled between the Whangārei Harbour in the east, and the Wairoa River and Kaipara Harbour to
5488-602: The log books and journals of all on board and ordered them to remain silent about where they had been. After a three-day layover off the island of Savu , Endeavour sailed on to Batavia , the capital of the Dutch East Indies , on 10 October. A day later lightning during a sudden tropical storm struck the ship, but the rudimentary "electric chain" or lightning rod that Cook had ordered rigged to Endeavour ' s mast saved her from serious damage. The ship remained in very poor condition following her grounding on
5586-556: The mast plan. While her main and foremast standing spars were standard for her shipyard and era, an annotation on one surviving ship plan in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich has the mizzen as "16 yards 29 inches" (15.4 m). If correct, this would produce an oddly truncated mast a full 9 feet (2.7 m) shorter than the naval standards of the day. Late twentieth-century research suggests
5684-470: The name Lord Sandwich 2 as there was already a transport ship called Lord Sandwich . Lord Sandwich 2, master William Author, sailed on 6 May 1776 from Portsmouth in a fleet of 100 vessels, 68 of which were transports, which was under orders to support Howe's campaign to capture New York. Lord Sandwich 2 carried 206 men mainly from the Hessian du Corps regiment of Hessian mercenaries . The crossing
5782-755: The nearby Canopy Bridge. The Hundertwasser Art Centre was built on the site of the former Northland Harbour Board building. The Quarry Arts Centre is located on the edge of the Western Hills in the Avenues. The Hātea Loop walkway is an accessible, circular walkway which connects Town Basin, William Fraser Memorial Park,Te Matau a Pohe, Canopy Bridge, Clapham's Clocks and Reyburn House gallery. The walkway offers marina views and various family friendly outdoor activities. The Whangārei Theatre Company (formerly WOADS) has been staging theatre productions in Whangārei since 1946. They have currently made their home at
5880-404: The northeast of the city centre and part of the Whangārei volcanic field . It is about 20 million years old, and aligns with the Harbour Fault, which also aligns with the volcanoes of Parakiore near Kamo , and Hikurangi near the town of the same name. The dome is surrounded by the Parihaka Scenic Reserve. There is road access to the summit of Parihaka and walking tracks through the reserve, and
5978-408: The northernmost point of Cape York Peninsula fifteen days later. On 22 August, Cook was rowed ashore to a small coastal island to proclaim British sovereignty over the eastern Australian mainland. Cook christened his landing place Possession Island , and ceremonial volleys of gunfire from the shore and Endeavour ' s deck marked the occasion. Endeavour then resumed her voyage westward along
SECTION 60
#17327979007426076-400: The original settlers never returned, but by the mid-1850s there were a number of farmers and orchardists in the area. From 1855, a small town developed, driven by the kauri gum trade. Today's 'Town Basin' on the Hatea River was the original port. Early exports included kauri gum and native timber, followed later by coal from Whau Valley , Kamo , and Hikurangi . Coal from the Kiripaka field
6174-489: The remaining cargo operations were transferred to Marsden Point. Northland Regional Council organises the CityLink bus service. This bus service runs eight urban bus routes, with bicycle racks from 1 October 2018. On 20 November 2019, Whangārei became the first city to use Bee Cards . 2% of arrivals and 3% of departures in the Whangārei Central census area were by public bus in 2018. In other neighbouring census areas, even fewer used buses. Intercity operates 3 buses
6272-405: The ship free. In the afternoon of 12 June, the longboat carried out two large bower anchors, and block and tackle were rigged to the anchor chains to allow another attempt on the evening high tide. The ship had started to take on water through a hole in her hull. Although the leak would certainly increase once off the reef, Cook decided to risk the attempt and at 10:20 pm the ship was floated on
6370-419: The ship's boats on the southern shore of what is now known as Botany Bay , New South Wales . For the next four months, Cook charted the coast of Australia, heading generally northward. Just before 11:00 pm on 11 June 1770, the ship struck a reef, today called Endeavour Reef , within the Great Barrier Reef system. The sails were immediately taken down, a kedging anchor set and an unsuccessful attempt
6468-413: The ship's drinking water pumped out. The crew attached buoys to the discarded guns with the intention of retrieving them later, but this proved impractical. Every man on board took turns on the pumps, including Cook and Banks. When, by Cook's reckoning, about 40 to 50 long tons (41 to 51 t) of equipment had been thrown overboard, on the next high tide a second unsuccessful attempt was made to pull
6566-449: The ship's surgeon William Monkhouse. Cook attributed the sickness to polluted drinking water, and ordered that it be purified with lime juice, but this had little effect. Jonathan Monkhouse, who had proposed fothering the ship to save her from sinking on the reef, died on 6 February, followed six days later by ship's carpenter John Seetterly, whose skilled repair work in Batavia had allowed Endeavour to resume her voyage. The health of
6664-494: The sick were brought back on board along with ten recruits from Cape Town, and Endeavour resumed her homeward voyage. The English mainland was sighted on 10 July and Endeavour entered the port of Dover two days later. Approximately one month after his return, Cook was promoted to the rank of commander , and by November 1771 was in receipt of Admiralty Orders for a second expedition , this time aboard HMS Resolution . During his third voyage (second on Resolution ), Cook
6762-408: The south side of the harbour. Local limestone is still used in cement manufacture, but the coal is now imported from the West Coast of the South Island . Whangārei was the most urbanised area in Northland towards the end of the 19th century, but grew slowly in the 20th century. The district slowly exhausted most of its natural resources but was sustained by agriculture, especially dairying. Shipping
6860-443: The surviving crew members then slowly improved as the month progressed, with the last deaths from disease being three ordinary seamen on 27 February. On 13 March 1771, Endeavour rounded the Cape of Good Hope and made port in Cape Town two days later. Those still sick were taken ashore for treatment. The ship remained in port for four weeks awaiting the recovery of the crew and undergoing minor repairs to her masts. On 15 April,
6958-415: The tide and successfully drawn off. The anchors were retrieved, except for one which could not be freed from the seabed and had to be abandoned. As expected the leak increased once the ship was off the reef, and all three working pumps had to be continually manned. A mistake occurred in sounding the depth of water in the hold, when a new man measured the length of a sounding line from the outside plank of
7056-491: The town is served by the Whangārei District Court and is also the base of the region's only High Court. State Highway 1 from Auckland to Cape Reinga passes through Whangārei. State Highway 14 from Dargaville connects to State Highway 1 in Whangārei. Whangārei Airport is located 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) southeast of the city centre, in the suburb of Onerahi . In July 2013, a second road crossing of
7154-528: The upper deck with the remainder stowed in the hold. Twelve swivel guns were also supplied, and fixed to posts along the quarterdeck, sides and bow. The ship departed for Plymouth on 30 July, for provisioning and crew boarding of 85, including 12 Royal Marines . Cook also ordered that twelve tons of pig iron be brought on board as sailing ballast . Endeavour departed Plymouth on 26 August 1768, carrying 18 months of provisions for 94 people. Livestock on board included pigs, poultry, two greyhounds and
7252-600: The west along the Mangapai River . A number of Māori iwi are associated with the early history of Whangārei, including Ngare Raumati, Ngāi Tāhuhu, Ngātiwai and Te Parawhau . In the late 18th century, Ngāpuhi expanded south into the Whangārei area. Captain James Cook and the crew of the Endeavour were the first Europeans to sight the Whangārei Harbour entrance. On 15 November 1769 they caught about
7350-497: Was HMS Siren , captained by Tobias Furneaux, who had commanded Adventure on Cook's second voyage. New York was eventually captured, but Newport, Rhode Island , remained in the hands of the Americans and posed a threat as a base for recapturing New York, so in November 1776 a fleet, which included Lord Sandwich 2 carrying Hessian troops, set out to take Rhode Island . The island was taken but not subdued, and Lord Sandwich 2
7448-400: Was a "surprise to every one who saw her bottom how we had kept her above water" for the previous three-month voyage across open seas. After riding at anchor for two weeks, Endeavour was heaved out of the water on 9 November and laid on her side for repairs. Some damaged timbers were found to be infested with shipworms , which required careful removal to ensure they did not spread throughout
7546-737: Was a British Royal Navy research vessel that Lieutenant James Cook commanded to Tahiti , New Zealand and Australia on his first voyage of discovery from 1768 to 1771. She was launched in 1764 as the collier Earl of Pembroke , with the Navy purchasing her in 1768 for a scientific mission to the Pacific Ocean and to explore the seas for the surmised Terra Australis Incognita or "unknown southern land". Commissioned as His Majesty's Bark Endeavour , she departed Plymouth in August 1768, rounded Cape Horn and reached Tahiti in time to observe
7644-438: Was about 500 m (1,600 ft) to the north, near Walton Street. The station was enlarged and a refreshment room added in 1912. In 1929, the fastest train took 6 hrs 14 mins from Whangārei to Auckland. From 1956, railcars reduced the journey to 4hrs 10 mins. In 1943, the distance was measured as 129 mi 31 ch (208.2 km). The Whangārei Art Museum is located in the Town Basin. Artisan markets are held at
7742-535: Was broken when the Admiralty proposed James Cook , a naval officer with a background in mathematics and cartography . Acceptable to both parties, Cook was promoted to lieutenant and named as commander of the expedition. On 27 May 1768, Cook took command of Earl of Pembroke , valued in March at £2,307. 5s. 6d. but ultimately purchased for £2,840. 10s. 11d. and assigned for use in the Society's expedition. She
7840-514: Was declared a city. Its population the following year was 31,000. The second half of the twentieth century brought the establishment and expansion of the oil refinery at Marsden Point on Bream Bay, the adjacent development of timber processing and the establishment of Northland Port , which is mainly focused on timber exporting. Building of the Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Art Gallery commenced in 2018 after
7938-538: Was exported via the Ngunguru River . By 1864, the nucleus of the present city was established. Fire bricks made from fire clay deposits near the Kamo mines supported a brickworks over several decades. Good quality limestone was quarried at Hikurangi, Portland and Limestone Island, and initially sold as agricultural lime, and later combined with local coal to produce Portland cement at the settlement of Portland on
8036-455: Was granted for the expedition, and the Admiralty elected to combine the scientific voyage with a confidential mission to search the south Pacific for signs of the postulated continent Terra Australis Incognita (or "unknown southern land"). The Royal Society suggested command be given to Scottish geographer Alexander Dalrymple , whose acceptance was conditional on a brevet commission as
8134-402: Was killed during his attempted kidnapping of the ruling chief of Hawaii at Kealakekua Bay on 14 February 1779. While Cook was fêted for his successful voyage, Endeavour was largely forgotten. Within a week of her return to England, she was directed to Woolwich Dockyard for refitting as a naval transport. Under the command of Lieutenant James Gordon she then made three return voyages to
8232-601: Was launched in 1994 and is berthed alongside the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney Harbour. Multiple geographic features are named after the ship, including the Endeavour River and Endeavour Reef , as were three spacecraft . The ship is depicted on the New Zealand fifty-cent coin . Endeavour was originally the merchant collier Earl of Pembroke , built by Thomas Fishburn for Thomas Millner, launched in June 1764 from
8330-413: Was made to drag the ship back to open water. The reef Endeavour had struck rose so steeply from the seabed that although the ship was hard aground, Cook measured depths up to 70 feet (21 m) less than one ship's length away. Cook then ordered that the ship be lightened to help her float off the reef. Iron and stone ballast, spoiled stores and all but four of the ship's guns were thrown overboard, and
8428-597: Was needed as a prison ship . The surrender of British General John Burgoyne 's army at Saratoga brought France into the war, and in the summer of 1778 a pincer plan was agreed to recapture Newport : the Continental Army would approach overland, and a French fleet would sail into the harbour. To prevent the latter the British commander, Captain John Brisbane, determined to blockade the bay by sinking surplus vessels at its mouth. Between 3 and 6 August
8526-417: Was not the hoped-for Terra Australis . In March 1770, the longboat from Endeavour carried Cook ashore to allow him to formally proclaim British sovereignty over New Zealand. On his return, Endeavour resumed her voyage westward, her crew sighting the east coast of Australia on 19 April. On 29 April, she became the first European vessel to make landfall on the east coast of Australia, when Cook landed one of
8624-491: Was now in good condition, her crew were not. During the ship's stay in Batavia, all but 10 of the 94 people aboard had been taken ill with malaria and dysentery . By the time Endeavour set sail on 26 December, seven crew members had died and another forty were too sick to attend their duties. Over the following twelve weeks, a further 23 died from disease and were buried at sea, including Spöring, Green, Parkinson, and
8722-440: Was refitted at Deptford by the dock's master shipwright Adam Hayes on the River Thames for the sum of £2,294, almost the price of the ship herself. The hull was recaulked and copper sheathed to protect against shipworm , and a third internal deck installed to provide cabins, a powder magazine and storerooms. The new cabins provided around 2 square metres (22 sq ft) of floorspace apiece being allocated to Cook and
8820-513: Was released. To replace him, Cook pressed a sailor from an American sloop anchored nearby. Endeavour then continued south along the coast of Africa and across the Atlantic to South America, arriving in Rio de Janeiro on 13 November 1768. Fresh food and water were brought aboard and the ship departed for Cape Horn , which she reached during stormy weather on 13 January 1769. Attempts to round
8918-556: Was spoken by 96.3%, Māori language by 9.6%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 9.6%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.7%. The percentage of people born overseas was 19.2, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 32.9% Christian , 1.4% Hindu , 0.4% Islam , 3.5% Māori religious beliefs , 0.6% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.5% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 51.6%, and 7.6% of people did not answer
9016-432: Was stormy, with two Hessians who were in the same fleet making accounts of the voyage. The scattered fleet assembled at Halifax then sailed to Sandy Hook where other ships and troops assembled. On 15 August 1776 Lord Sandwich 2 was anchored at Sandy Hook; also assembled there was Adventure , which had sailed with Resolution on Cook's second voyage, now a storeship, captained by John Hallum. Another ship there at that time
9114-513: Was swiftly disputed by the British consul in Rhode Island, who wrote claiming that Endeavour had been bought from Mather by the French in 1790 and renamed Liberté . The consul later admitted he had heard this not from the Admiralty, but as hearsay from the former owners of the French ship. It was later suggested Liberté , which sank off Newport in 1793, was in fact another of Cook's ships, the former HMS Resolution , or another Endeavour ,
9212-669: Was that 19,677 (46.0%) people were employed full-time, 5,100 (11.9%) were part-time, and 1,500 (3.5%) were unemployed. Whangārei is within the Whangārei electorate and the Te Tai Tokerau Māori electorate. The current MP of the Whangārei electorate is Shane Reti of the National Party. The current MP of the Te Tai Tokerau electorate is Mariameno Kapa-Kingi of Te Pāti Māori. At a local level, Whangārei comes under
9310-451: Was the main transport link until the North Auckland railway line reached the town in 1925, and the road from Auckland was not suitable for travel in poor weather until 1934. These terrestrial travel routes forced a rapid decline in coastal shipping but stimulated Whangārei to become the service centre for Northland. The population was 14,000 in 1945, but grew rapidly in the 1960s, incorporating Kamo and other outlying areas. In 1964, Whangārei
9408-406: Was then drawn under the ship to allow water pressure to force it into the hole in the hull. The effort succeeded and soon very little water was entering, allowing the crew to stop two of the three pumps. Endeavour then resumed her course northward and parallel to the reef, the crew looking for a safe harbour in which to make repairs. On 13 June, the ship came to a broad watercourse that Cook named
9506-489: Was to reassemble Penguin on arrival, which was 28 January 1773. On 17 April Endeavour and Hound sailed for England with their crew. One of Penguin 's crew was Bernard Penrose who wrote an account. Samuel Clayton also wrote an account. The third voyage sailed in January 1774 with her purpose to evacuate the Falklands entirely as Britain was faced with political difficulties from the American Colonies,
9604-485: Was to reduce the garrison and replace HM Sloop Hound , John Burr Commander, with a smaller vessel, namely the 36-ton shallop Penguin , commander Samuel Clayton. She was a collapsible vessel and was no sooner built than taken apart, and the pieces were stowed in Endeavour . Endeavour sailed in November with Hugh Kirkland as the sailing master, and additionally the crew of Penguin , and four ship's carpenters whose job
#741258