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142-551: The Northern Echo is a regional daily morning newspaper based in the town of Darlington in North East England, serving mainly southern County Durham and northern Yorkshire . The paper covers national as well as regional news. In 2007, its then-editor claimed that it was one of the most famous provincial newspapers in the United Kingdom. Its first edition was published on 1 January 1870. Its second editor
284-453: A false confession . It should have been clear from the first statement made by Evans on 30 November 1949 that he was ignorant of the resting place of the body of his wife or how she had been killed. He claimed that his wife's body was in either a manhole or a drain at the front of the house, but a police search failed to find remains there. That should have prompted a thorough search of the residence, wash-house and garden, but no further action
426-448: A 50% decline in the number of regional journalists. A 2016 study by King's College, London, found that the towns that lost their local newspapers receded from democratic values and experienced the loss of public faith in the authorities. A new trend in newspaper publishing is the introduction of personalization through on-demand printing technologies or with online news aggregator websites like Google news . Customized newspapers allow
568-527: A Korean monk claimed to have discovered an extant copy of the Jobo . The history of Middle Eastern newspapers goes back to the 19th century. Many editors were not only journalists but also writers, philosophers and politicians. With unofficial journals, these intellectuals encouraged public discourse on politics in the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Literary works of all genres were serialized and published in
710-436: A botched abortion operation, but police questioning eventually produced a confession . The alleged confession may have been fabricated by police, as the statement appears contrived and artificial. After being charged, Evans withdrew his confession and once again accused Christie, this time of both murders. On 11 January 1950, Evans was put on trial for the murder of his daughter, the prosecution having decided not to pursue
852-556: A citywide search for Christie began. After leaving Rillington Place, Christie had gone to a Rowton House in King's Cross and booked a room for seven nights under his real name and address. He stayed for only four nights, leaving on 24 March when news broke of the discovery at his flat. Christie wandered around London, slept rough and spent much of the day in cafés and cinemas. On 28 March, he pawned his watch in Battersea for 10s. On
994-565: A clerk with the British Road Services at their Shepherd's Bush depot, starting work there on 12 June 1950. At the same time, new tenants arrived to fill the vacant first- and second-floor rooms at 10 Rillington Place. The tenants were predominantly migrants from the West Indies ; this horrified Christie and his wife, who both held racist attitudes towards their neighbours and disliked living with them. Tensions between
1136-685: A daily newspaper from its founding in 1791 until it was acquired by The Guardian in 1993. Usually, it is a specially expanded edition, often several times the thickness and weight of the weekday editions and containing generally special sections not found in the weekday editions, such as Sunday comics and Sunday magazines (such as The New York Times Magazine and The Sunday Times Magazine ). In some countries daily newspapers are not published on Christmas Day , but weekly newspapers would change their day e.g. Sunday newspapers are published on Saturday December 24, Christmas Eve when Christmas Day falls on Sunday. Some newspapers are published two times
1278-665: A further four murders. In 2004 the High Court acknowledged that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child. John Christie was born on 8 April 1899 in Northowram , near Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire , the sixth in a family of seven children. He had a troubled relationship with his father, carpet designer Ernest John Christie, an austere and uncommunicative man who displayed little emotion towards his children and would punish them for trivial offences. John
1420-500: A gas tap. As Eady continued breathing she inhaled the domestic gas, which soon rendered her unconscious—domestic gas during the 1940s was coal gas , which had a carbon monoxide content of 15%. Christie raped and strangled Eady before burying her alongside Fuerst. During Easter of 1948, Timothy Evans and his wife Beryl moved into the top-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place, where Beryl gave birth that October to their daughter, Geraldine. In late 1949, Evans informed police that his wife
1562-467: A hospital orderly. It is speculated that Christie would not have wanted to readily admit his guilt in Geraldine's death in order not to alienate the jury from his desire to be found not guilty by reason of insanity and for his safety from fellow inmates. On 5 June 1953, Christie confessed to the murders of Eady and Fuerst, which helped the police identify their skeletons. Christie was tried only for
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#17327878483561704-422: A large distribution system to deliver their papers to these different distributors, which typically involves delivery trucks and delivery people. In recent years, newspapers and other media have adapted to the changing technology environment by starting to offer online editions to cater to the needs of the public. In the future, the trend towards more electronic delivery of the news will continue with more emphasis on
1846-684: A large revenue center (because of other ways to buy and sell online) and ad impressions now being dispersed across many media are inputs. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly . News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news . The news includes political events and politicians." , business and finance , crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine , science , and computers and technology; sports ; and entertainment , society , food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and
1988-580: A larger part of the population. In 1830, the first inexpensive " penny press " newspaper came to the market: Lynde M. Walter's Boston Transcript . Penny press papers cost about one sixth the price of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience, including less educated and lower-income people. In France, Émile de Girardin started La Presse in 1836, introducing cheap, advertising-supported dailies to France. In 1848, August Zang , an Austrian who knew Girardin in Paris, returned to Vienna to introduce
2130-653: A local and international English-speaking public, and for tourists. The advent of the Internet has also allowed non-English-language newspapers to put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. Similarly, in many countries with a large foreign-language-speaking population or many tourists, newspapers in languages other than the national language are both published locally and imported. For example, newspapers and magazines from many countries, and locally published newspapers in many languages , are ready to be found on news-stands in central London. In
2272-569: A lorry driver, Christie was convicted of assaulting Maud Cole, with whom he was living at 6 Almeric Road in Battersea , and was sentenced to six months' hard labour ; he had hit Cole over the head with a cricket bat, which the magistrate described as a "murderous attack" for which he was again sent to HM Prison Wandsworth. Finally, Christie was convicted of auto theft and was re-imprisoned at Wandsworth for three months on 1 November 1933. Christie and Ethel were reconciled in 1934 after he
2414-619: A mattress and his kitchen table. From 23 January to 20 March, he received his weekly unemployment benefit of £3 12s. On 26 January 1953, Christie forged Ethel's signature and emptied her bank account. On 27 February 1953, Christie sold some of his wife's clothing for £3 5s. He also received a cheque for £8 on 7 March from the Bradford Clothing and Supply Company. Between 19 January and 6 March 1953, Christie murdered three more women he invited back to 10 Rillington Place: Kathleen Maloney, Rita Nelson and Hectorina MacLennan. Maloney
2556-420: A mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales , and advertising revenue (other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages, including display ads , classified ads , and their online equivalents ). Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded; their reliance on advertising revenue and profitability is less critical to their survival. The editorial independence of
2698-676: A murder he didn't do, the famous John Christie case ... After a year of campaigning from the North East of England I got a national inquiry into the Evans hanging. Today, The Northern Echo is owned by Newsquest (Yorkshire and North East) Ltd. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations during the second half of 2010, The Northern Echo sold on average approximately 42,000 copies daily. It has four editions covering Darlington, county Durham, North Yorkshire and Teesside . In June 2008,
2840-558: A newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . Many newspapers, besides employing journalists on their own payrolls, also subscribe to news agencies (wire services) (such as the Associated Press , Reuters , or Agence France-Presse ), which employ journalists to find, assemble, and report
2982-651: A newspaper of the modern type in South Asia was by William Bolts , a Dutchman in the employ of the British East India Company in September 1768 in Calcutta. However, before he could begin his newspaper, he was deported back to Europe. In 1780 the first newsprint from this region, Hicky's Bengal Gazette , was published by an Irishman, James Augustus Hicky . He used it as a means to criticize
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#17327878483563124-496: A ploy to get attention and sympathy. Christie was demobilised from the army on 22 October 1919. He joined the Royal Air Force on 13 December 1923 but was discharged on 15 August 1924. Christie married Ethel Simpson, from Bradford , at Halifax town's Register Office on 10 May 1920. His impotence remained, and he continued to visit prostitutes. Early in the marriage, Ethel suffered a miscarriage . After four years
3266-453: A posthumous pardon for Evans, which was granted, as he had been tried and executed for the murder of his daughter. Jenkins announced the granting of Evans' pardon to the House of Commons on 18 October 1966. Evans' remains were subsequently exhumed and returned to his family, who arranged for him to be reburied in a private grave. Evans' execution and other controversial cases contributed to
3408-459: A related name; e.g., The Times and The Sunday Times are distinct newspapers owned by the same company, and an article published in the latter would never be credited to The Times . In some cases a Sunday edition is an expanded version of a newspaper from the same publisher; in other cases, particularly in Britain, it may be a separate enterprise, e.g., The Observer , not affiliated with
3550-498: A rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten news-sheets. In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly notizie scritte , which cost one gazetta , a small coin. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to Italian cities (1500–1700)—sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers. However, none of these publications fully met
3692-468: A second charge of murdering his wife. Christie was a principal witness for the Crown : he denied Evans' accusations and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between him and his wife. The jury found Evans guilty despite the revelation of Christie's criminal record of theft and violence. Evans was originally due to be hanged on 31 January, but appealed . After his appeal on 20 February had failed, Evans
3834-418: A second inquiry, chaired by High Court judge Sir Daniel Brabin , which was conducted over the winter of 1965–66. Brabin re-examined much of the evidence from both cases and evaluated some of the arguments for Evans' innocence. His conclusions were that it was "more probable than not" that Evans had killed his wife but not his daughter Geraldine, for whose death Christie was responsible. Christie's likely motive
3976-437: A similar manner to the way in which Beryl's body had been wrapped), then stowing their bodies in a small alcove behind the back kitchen wall. He later covered the entrance to this alcove with wallpaper. Christie moved out of 10 Rillington Place on 20 March 1953 after fraudulently sub-letting his flat to a couple from whom he took £7 13s 0d (£7.65 or about £270 as of 2023). The landlord visited that same evening and, finding
4118-440: A small newspaper's print run might require less than an hour of operation, meaning that if the newspaper had its own press it would sit idle most of the time. If the newspaper offers information online, webmasters and web designers may be employed to upload stories to the newspaper's website. The staff of the circulation department liaise with retailers who sell the newspaper; sell subscriptions; and supervise distribution of
4260-409: A subject area, called a beat , such as sports, religion, or science. Columnists are journalists who write regular articles recounting their personal opinions and experiences. Printers and press operators physically print the newspaper. Printing is outsourced by many newspapers, partly because of the cost of an offset web press (the most common kind of press used to print newspapers), and also because
4402-469: A week and are known as semi-weekly publications. As the name suggests, a triweekly publishes three times a week. The Meridian Star is an example of such a publication. Weekly newspapers are published once a week, and tend to be smaller than daily papers. Some publications are published, for example, fortnightly (or biweekly in American parlance). They may have a change from normal weekly day of
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4544-844: A wide variety of fields such as politics , business , sports , art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns , weather forecasts , reviews of local services, obituaries , birth notices, crosswords , editorial cartoons , comic strips , and advice columns . Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales , and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint ). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers , and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in
4686-420: Is available in early editions from before midnight on the night before its cover date , further editions being printed and distributed during the night. The later editions can include breaking news which was first revealed that day, after the morning edition was already printed. Previews of tomorrow's newspapers are often a feature of late night news programs, such as Newsnight in the United Kingdom. In 1650,
4828-441: Is available throughout the country. There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers . Some, such as The New York Times International Edition , (formerly The International Herald Tribune) have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national newspapers or "international editions" of national or large metropolitan newspapers. In some cases, articles that might not interest
4970-483: Is supervised by a designated editor. Most newspaper editors copy edit the stories for their part of the newspaper, but they may share their workload with proofreaders and fact checkers . Reporters are journalists who primarily report facts that they have gathered, and those who write longer, less news-oriented articles may be called feature writers. Photographers and graphic artists provide images and illustrations to support articles. Journalists often specialize in
5112-447: Is usually referred to as the editor. Variations on this title such as editor-in-chief, executive editor, and so on are common. For small newspapers, a single editor may be responsible for all content areas. At large newspapers, the most senior editor is in overall charge of the publication, while less senior editors may each focus on one subject area, such as local news or sports. These divisions are called news bureaus or "desks", and each
5254-649: The Daily Mirror . He eventually became editor of the Daily Express before rising to the position of executive vice-chairman at News International . For five years Harold Evans (former deputy editor of the Manchester Evening News ) was editor of the paper, which was a time he "loved". One of his campaigns resulted in a national programme for the detection of cervical cancer . He also campaigned against air pollution on Teesside and for
5396-515: The Echo and its sales slumped to a critical low for decades after. The collapse of the Pease dynasty and increased competition from rival newspapers added to the Echo's troubles and, by the time it limped into the twentieth century, led by John Marshall , it was on the verge of bankruptcy. The echo employed the editor's daughter Emilie Marshall and she would become a leading journalist after her father
5538-665: The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , is often recognized as the first newspaper. The second newspaper, the German Avisa , was published from 1609 in Wolfenbüttel . Both newspapers distinguished themselves from other printed material by being published on a regular basis. They reported on a variety of current events to a broad public audience. Within a few decades, newspapers could be found in all
5680-499: The Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more widely circulated means of communication, as new printing technologies made printing less expensive and more efficient. In 1814, The Times (London) acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per hour. Soon, this press was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation made newspapers cheaper and thus available to
5822-654: The Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph . It is currently published as an English-language weekly from its offices at 1040 Belvédère, suite 218, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. In 1808, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro had its first edition, printed in devices brought from England, publishing news favourable for the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves since it was produced by
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5964-531: The War Reserve Police and was accepted; the authorities failed to check for the existence of a criminal record . He was assigned to the Harrow Road police station, where he met a woman called Gladys Jones with whom he began an affair. Their relationship lasted until mid-1943, when the woman's husband, a serving soldier, returned from the war. After learning of the affair, Jones' husband went to
6106-505: The pathologists involved in the forensic examination of Christie's victims, had this to say about the pubic hair collection: It seems odd that Christie should have said hair came from the bodies in the alcove if in fact it had come from those now reduced to skeletons; not very likely that in his last four murders the only trophy he took was from the one woman with whom he did not have peri-mortal sexual intercourse; and even more odd that one of his trophies had definitely not come from any of
6248-514: The 17th century as information sheets for merchants . By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspapers. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . With the popularity of the Internet , many newspapers are now digital, with their news presented online as
6390-408: The 1940s and early 1950s. He murdered at least eight people—including his wife Ethel—by strangling them inside his flat at 10 Rillington Place, Notting Hill , London . The bodies of three of his victims were found in a wallpaper-covered kitchen alcove soon after he had moved out of Rillington Place during March 1953. The remains of two more victims were discovered in the garden, and his wife's body
6532-535: The 1965 suspension, and subsequent abolition , of capital punishment in the United Kingdom. In January 2003, the Home Office awarded Evans' half-sister, Mary Westlake, and his sister, Eileen Ashby, ex-gratia payments as compensation for the miscarriage of justice in his trial. The independent assessor for the Home Office, Lord Brennan QC, accepted that "the conviction and execution of Timothy Evans for
6674-639: The British rule through journalism. The Jobo , discussed in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty , was published in 1577 by King Seonjo 's ministers. As the King had not given permission to print the news bulletins, Jobo was discontinued, and 30 ministers were sentenced "to a severe punishment". It was printed daily, and covered a range of topics, including weather, constellations, and current affairs. In 2017,
6816-492: The Internet, social media and other electronic delivery methods. However, while the method of delivery is changing, the newspaper and the industry still have a niche in the world. As of 2007, virtually all major printed newspapers produced online editions distributed over the Internet, which, depending on the country, may be regulated by journalism organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in
6958-424: The North East of England, where most of the readers were coal miners and industrial workers, but in the south a belt of farmers and gentry, so it was a fascinating social market to reach. I took from my American experience a zest for investigative journalism, and campaigned about air pollution and many other things, the most interesting one in a way was that I campaigned for an inquiry into a man who had been hanged for
7100-656: The UK. But as some publishers find their print-based models increasingly unsustainable, Web-based "newspapers" have also started to appear, such as the Southport Reporter in the UK and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , which stopped publishing in print after 149 years in March 2009 and became an online-only paper. Since 2005 in the UK more than 200 regional newspapers have closed down resulting in
7242-956: The US state of Florida , so many tourists from the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec visit for long stays during the winter (" snowbirds ") that some newsstands and stores sell French-language newspapers such as Le Droit . General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local entertainment or sports. Specialised newspapers might concentrate more specifically on, for example, financial matters. There are publications covering exclusively sports, or certain sports, horse-racing, theatre, and so on, although they may no longer be called newspapers. For centuries newspapers were printed on paper and supplied physically to readers either by
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#17327878483567384-677: The administration's flaws. The first newspaper in Peru was El Peruano , established in October 1825 and still published today, but with several name changes. During the Tang dynasty in China (618–906), the Kaiyuan Za Bao published the government news; it was block-printed onto paper. It is sometimes considered one of the earliest newspapers to be published. The first recorded attempt to found
7526-403: The advertising department may include graphic designers , who design ads according to the customers' specifications and the department's policies. In an advertising-free newspaper , there is no advertising department. John Christie (murderer) John Reginald Halliday Christie (8 April 1899 – 15 July 1953) was an English serial killer and serial rapist active during
7668-878: The aforementioned news, information and opinions, they include weather forecasts; criticism and reviews of the arts (including literature , film , television , theater , fine arts , and architecture ) and of local services such as restaurants; obituaries , birth notices and graduation announcements; entertainment features such as crosswords, horoscopes, editorial cartoons , gag cartoons , and comic strips ; advice columns, food , and other columns; and radio and television listings (program schedules). Newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services; as of 2013, an increase in Internet websites for selling goods, such as Craigslist and eBay has led to significantly less classified ad sales for newspapers. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with
7810-464: The area resulting in much jerry-built property which declined into poorly maintained and unimproved multi-occupancy rentals. Number 10 was of a common design: the ground and first floors each contained a bedroom and living room, with a kitchen/ scullery in the adjacent extension, but the second floor flat had two rooms only: a kitchen/living room and a bedroom. Living conditions were "squalid"—the building's occupants shared one outside lavatory, and none of
7952-470: The arts . Usually, the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings (labelled A, B, C, and so on, with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20, B1-B20, C1-C20, and so on). Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor (or by the paper's editorial board) and expressing an opinion on a public issue, opinion articles called " op-eds " written by guest writers (which are typically in
8094-420: The bodies had been concealed. The several apparent "confessions" contain questionable words and phrases in high-register language such as "terrific argument" which seem out of place for a distressed, uneducated, working-class young man such as Evans and bear no relation to what he probably said. These were almost certainly inventions made much later by police, according to comments made by Ludovic Kennedy long after
8236-429: The classical criteria for proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the general public and restricted to a certain range of topics. The first mechanical, movable type printing that allowed the mass production of printed books was invented by Johann Gutenberg around 1450. In the 50 years after Gutenberg started printing, an estimated 500,000 books were in circulation, printed on about 1,000 presses across
8378-602: The clip on the tube and let gas leak into the room. The Brabin Report pointed out that Christie's explanation of his gassing technique was not satisfactory because he would have been overpowered by the gas as well. It was established that all three victims had been exposed to carbon monoxide. The gas made his victims drowsy, after which Christie strangled them with a length of rope. As with Eady, Christie repeatedly raped his last three victims while they were unconscious and continued to do so as they died. When this aspect of his crimes
8520-610: The continent. Gutenberg's invention was a simple device, but it launched a revolution marked by repeated advances in technology and, as a result, a popularization of the ideals of liberty and freedom of information exchange. The emergence of the new media in the 17th century has to be seen in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives its name. The German-language Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien , printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg in
8662-611: The couple separated . Ethel worked at the "Garside Engineering Co" on Ironbridge Road in Bradford, and later worked at the "English Electrical Co" on Thornton Road, also in Bradford, until 1928. That year, Ethel and her siblings moved to Sheffield . In 1923, Christie moved to London ; he spent the next decade in and out of prison, while Ethel remained in Yorkshire with her relatives. He was released from prison in January 1934, when
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#17327878483568804-485: The couple reunited and moved into 10 Rillington Place. During the first decade of his marriage to Ethel, Christie was convicted of several criminal offences. He began working as a postman on 10 January 1921 in Halifax, and his first conviction was for stealing postal orders on 20 February and 26 March, for which he received three months' imprisonment on 12 April 1921. He served his sentence at HM Prison Manchester and
8946-587: The couple there instead of Christie, demanded that they leave first thing in the morning. The landlord allowed the tenant of the top-floor flat, Beresford Brown, to use Christie's kitchen. On 24 March, Brown discovered the kitchen alcove when he attempted to insert brackets into the wall to hold a wireless set . Peeling back the wallpaper, Brown saw the bodies of Maloney, Nelson and MacLennan. After getting confirmation from another tenant in Rillington Place that they were dead bodies, Brown informed police and
9088-427: The execution, Christie's body was buried in an unmarked grave within the precincts of the prison, as was standard practice for executed prisoners in the United Kingdom. Based on the pubic hair that Christie collected, it has been speculated that he was responsible for more murders than those carried out at 10 Rillington Place. He claimed that the four different clumps of hair in his collection came from his wife and
9230-499: The fairness of Evans' trial and raised the possibility that an innocent person had been hanged. The controversy prompted Maxwell-Fyfe to commission an inquiry led by John Scott Henderson QC , the Recorder of Portsmouth , to determine whether Evans had been innocent and a miscarriage of justice had occurred. Henderson interviewed Christie before his execution, as well as another twenty witnesses who had been involved in either of
9372-674: The first American daily. In 1752, John Bushell published the Halifax Gazette , which claims to be "Canada's first newspaper". However, its official descendant, the Royal Gazette , is a government publication for legal notices and proclamations rather than a proper newspaper; In 1764, the Quebec Gazette was first printed 21 June 1764 and remains the oldest continuously published newspaper in North America as
9514-472: The first daily newspaper appeared, Einkommende Zeitung , published by Timotheus Ritzsch in Leipzig , Germany. In the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, unlike most other countries, daily newspapers do not publish on Sundays. In the past there were independent Sunday newspapers; nowadays the same publisher often produces a Sunday newspaper, distinct in many ways from the daily, usually with
9656-757: The flats had a bathroom. The street was close to an above-ground section of the London Underground 's Metropolitan line (now the Hammersmith & City and Circle lines), and the train noise would have been "deafening" for the occupants of 10 Rillington Place. After three years of working as a foreman at the Commodore Cinema in King Street, Hammersmith, at the beginning of the Second World War , Christie applied to join
9798-631: The floodlighting of Durham Cathedral. When Evans left the Echo in 1967, he moved to London as editor of The Sunday Times . Evans has said of his time at the Echo: It has 99,000 circulation when I went there; when I left it had 114,000. It spread over a very large area; two English counties and a couple of cities. It was a morning paper competing against nine national dailies produced in London and Manchester, three regional morning [papers] and two or three evening [papers], so [it had] intense competition in
9940-619: The following evening. Soon after the murder, at the end of 1943, Christie resigned as a reserve constable; his service index card is now on display at the Metropolitan Police Museum , whilst evidence from his murders now forms part of the Crime Museum collections. The following year he found new employment as a clerk at an Acton radio factory. There he met his second victim, colleague Muriel Amelia Eady. On 7 October 1944, Christie invited Eady back to his flat with
10082-413: The garden at 10 Rillington Place; one femur was later found propping up a fence. The garden of the property was very small, about 16 by 14 feet (4.9 by 4.3 m), and the fence was parallel to the wash-house where the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine were later found. Several searches were made at the house after Evans confessed to placing his wife's remains in the drains, but the three policemen conducting
10224-571: The goal. The decline in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums; print advertising was once lucrative but has greatly declined, and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of their print precursors. Besides remodelling advertising, the internet (especially the web ) has also challenged the business models of the print-only era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general (sharing information with others) and, more specifically, journalism (the work of finding, assembling, and reporting
10366-569: The governor allowed The Boston News-Letter to be published and it became the first continuously published newspaper in the colonies. Soon after, weekly papers began being published in New York and Philadelphia. These early newspapers followed the British format and were usually four pages long. They mostly carried news from Britain and content depended on the editor's interests. In 1783, the Pennsylvania Evening Post became
10508-532: The house where his wife was living, discovered Christie there and assaulted him. Christie committed his murders over a ten-year period between 1943 and 1953, usually by strangling his victims after he had rendered them unconscious with domestic gas (containing carbon monoxide ); some he raped as they lay unconscious. Christie's first admitted victim was Ruth Fuerst, a 21-year-old Austrian munitions worker who supplemented her income by occasionally engaging in sex work. Christie claimed to have met Fuerst while she
10650-604: The late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the Kaiyuan Za Bao ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming dynasty . In early modern Europe , the increased cross-border interaction created
10792-426: The local gay community or indie rock enthusiasts within a city or region. A daily newspaper is printed every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and occasionally Saturdays (and some major holidays). Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to be larger, include more specialized sections (e.g., on arts, films, entertainment) and advertising inserts, and cost more. Typically,
10934-467: The local distribution or in some cases by mail, for example for British expatriates living in India or Hong Kong who subscribed to British newspapers. Newspapers can be delivered to subscribers homes and/or businesses by a paper's own delivery people, sent via the mail , sold at newsstands , grocery stores , and convenience stores , and delivered to libraries and bookstores . Newspaper organizations need
11076-526: The main medium that most of the readers use, with the print edition being secondary (for the minority of customers that choose to pay for it) or, in some cases, retired. The decline of newspapers in the early 21st century was at first largely interpreted as a mere print-versus-digital contest in which digital beats print. The reality is different and multivariate, as newspapers now routinely have online presence; anyone willing to subscribe can read them digitally online. Factors such as classified ads no longer being
11218-439: The major cities of Europe, from Venice to London. The Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. ("Courant from Italy, Germany, etc.") of 1618 was the first to appear in folio- rather than quarto-size . Amsterdam, a center of world trade, quickly became home to newspapers in many languages, often before they were published in their own country. The first English-language newspaper, Corrant out of Italy, Germany, etc. ,
11360-461: The majority of these newspapers' staff members work Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on content made in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily newspapers are sold in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers, once common but now scarce, are aimed more at commuters and office workers. In practice (though this may vary according to country), a morning newspaper
11502-451: The morning of 31 March, Christie was arrested on the embankment near Putney Bridge after being challenged about his identity by a police officer, PC Thomas Ledger. When police searched Christie, they discovered an old newspaper clipping about the remand of Timothy Evans among the personal items on him. Christie initially admitted only to the murders of the women in the alcove and of his wife during police questioning. When informed about
11644-428: The murder of his wife Ethel. His trial began on 22 June 1953, in the same court in which Evans had been tried three years earlier. Christie pleaded insanity, with his defence describing him as " Mad as a March hare " and claimed to have a poor memory of the events. Dr. Matheson, a doctor at HM Prison Brixton who evaluated Christie, was called as a witness by the prosecution. He testified, using medical terminology of
11786-582: The murders. The following day Christie spoke to the Scott Henderson inquiry about the murders. Four days later the Home Secretary , David Maxwell-Fyfe , said that he could not find any grounds, medically or psychologically, for Christie to be reprieved. Among Christie's final visitors while in the condemned cell were an ex-army friend, Dennis Hague, on 13 July; the prison governor and Christie's sister, Phyllis Clarke, who both visited him on
11928-678: The new tenants and the Christies came to a head when Ethel prosecuted one of her neighbours for assault. Christie negotiated with the Poor Man's Lawyer Centre to continue to have exclusive use of the back garden, ostensibly to have space between him and his neighbours but quite possibly to prevent anyone from uncovering the human remains buried there. On the morning of 14 December 1952, Christie strangled Ethel in bed. She had last been seen in public two days earlier. Christie invented several stories to explain her disappearance and to help mitigate
12070-800: The news). Besides, the rise of news aggregators , which bundle linked articles from many online newspapers and other sources, influences the flow of web traffic . Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects. The oldest newspaper still published is the Ordinari Post Tijdender , which was established in Stockholm in 1645. Newspapers typically meet four criteria: In Ancient Rome , Acta Diurna , or government announcement bulletins, were produced. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places. In China, early government-produced news-sheets, called Dibao , circulated among court officials during
12212-399: The news, then sell the content to the various newspapers. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world. c. 2005 , there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day (in the U.S., 1,450 titles selling 55 million copies). The late 2000s–early 2010s global recession , combined with
12354-410: The newspaper announced it would reduce the number of editions to two. Although traditionally a broadsheet , since 26 February 2007 the newspaper has been published in a tabloid format. The newspaper transformed itself from a broadsheet to a tabloid in a one-year transition process, beginning with Saturday editions on 14 January 2006. The Northern Echo has a number of sister publications, including
12496-476: The newspaper itself—editorial, production/printing, circulation, and advertising, although they are frequently referred to by a variety of other names. Most papers also have the non-newspaper-specific departments found in other businesses of comparable size, such as accounting, marketing, human resources, and IT. Throughout the English-speaking world, the person who selects the content for the newspaper
12638-534: The night before his execution. Rogers also wanted to speak to Christie a second time on the night before his execution, but Christie refused to meet him again. According to both Hague and Clarke, Christie appeared resigned towards his death. Christie was hanged at 9:00 a.m. on 15 July 1953 at HM Prison Pentonville. His executioner was Albert Pierrepoint , who had hanged Evans. After being pinioned for execution, Christie complained that his nose itched. Pierrepoint assured him that, "It won't bother you for long." After
12780-607: The official press service of the Portuguese crown. In 1821, after the ending of the ban of private newspaper circulation, appears the first non-imperial printed publication, Diário do Rio de Janeiro , though there existed already the Correio Braziliense , published by Hipólito José da Costa at the same time as the Gazeta , but from London and with forcefully advocated political and critical ideas, aiming to expose
12922-613: The paper international notoriety during the Bulgarian Atrocities agitation in 1876. Leading Liberals such as Gladstone and Joseph Chamberlain became great admirers, and the historian E. A. Freeman went so far as to declare the Northern Echo , as "the best paper in Europe." However, the loss of Stead to the Pall Mall Gazette in 1880 and the resignation of founder Bell in 1889 took a heavy toll on
13064-468: The perpetrator. Several police searches of the property showed a complete lack of expertise in handling forensic evidence and were quite superficial at best. Had the searches been conducted effectively, the investigation would have exposed Christie as a murderer, and the lives of Evans and four women would have been saved. The evidence of builders working at 10 Rillington Place was ignored, and their interviews with Evans suggest that police had concocted
13206-505: The police investigations. He concluded that Evans was in fact guilty of both murders and that Christie's confessions to the murder of Beryl were unreliable and made in the context of furthering his own defence that he was insane. Far from ending the matter, questions continued to be raised in Parliament concerning Evans' innocence, parallel with newspaper campaigns and books being published making similar claims. The Henderson Inquiry
13348-638: The possibility of further inquiries being made. In reply to a letter from relatives in Sheffield, he wrote that Ethel had rheumatism and could not write herself; to one neighbour, he explained that she was visiting her relatives in Sheffield; to another, he said that she had gone to Birmingham . Christie had resigned from his job at Shepherd's Bush on 6 December and had been unemployed since then. To support himself, he sold his wife's wedding ring and watch on 17 December for £2 10s and furniture on 8 January 1953 for which he received £11; he kept cutlery, two chairs,
13490-636: The press as well. The first newspapers in the Ottoman Empire were owned by foreigners living there who wanted to make propaganda about the Western world. The earliest was printed in 1795 by the Palais de France in Pera . Indigenous Middle Eastern journalism started in 1828, when Muhammad Ali , Khedive of Egypt, ordered the local establishment of the gazette Vekayi-i Misriye ( Egyptian Affairs ). It
13632-408: The pretence for several days, meeting Baker regularly to see if he had news of MacLennan's whereabouts and to help him search for her. For the murders of his final three victims, Christie modified the gassing technique he had first used on Eady; he used a rubber tube connected to the gas pipe in the kitchen which he kept closed off with a bulldog clip . He seated his victims in the kitchen, released
13774-430: The printed newspapers through the mail, by newspaper carriers , at retailers, and through vending machines. Free newspapers do not sell subscriptions, but they still have a circulation department responsible for distributing the newspapers. Sales staff in the advertising department not only sell ad space to clients such as local businesses, but also help clients design and plan their advertising campaigns. Other members of
13916-404: The promise that he had concocted a "special mixture" that could cure her bronchitis . Eady was to inhale the mixture from a jar with a tube inserted in the top. In reality the mixture was Friar's Balsam , which Christie used to disguise the smell of domestic gas. Once Eady was seated breathing the mixture from the tube with her back turned, Christie inserted a second tube into the jar connected to
14058-433: The rapid growth of free web-based alternatives, has helped cause a decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers had to retrench operations to stanch the losses. Worldwide annual revenue approached $ 100 billion in 2005–7, then plunged during the worldwide financial crisis of 2008–9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $ 53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of
14200-416: The reader can select how much of each section (politics, sports, arts, etc.) they wish to see in their news. In the U.S., the overall manager or chief executive of the newspaper is the publisher. In small newspapers, the owner of the publication (or the largest shareholder in the corporation that owns the publication) is usually the publisher. Most newspapers have four main departments devoted to publishing
14342-462: The reader to create their individual newspaper through the selection of individual pages from multiple publications. This "Best of" approach allows revival of the print-based model and opens up a new distribution channel to increase coverage beneath the usual boundaries of distribution. Customized newspapers online have been offered by MyYahoo , I-Google , CRAYON, ICurrent.com, Kibboko.com, Twitter . times and many others. With these online newspapers ,
14484-635: The regiment was despatched to France , where Christie was seconded to the Duke of Wellington's Regiment as a signalman . During the following June, Christie was injured in a mustard gas attack and spent a month in a military hospital in Calais . He later claimed this attack had rendered him blind and mute for three and a half years, and permanently impacted his ability to speak loudly. Ludovic Kennedy wrote that no record of Christie's blindness has been traced and that, while he might have lost his voice when he
14626-722: The reliance on his testimony was questionable. It is significant that Christie had claimed to be an abortionist prior to his meeting the Evanses, having said so to a colleague in 1947. He also repeated this claim after Evans' trial to women he spoke to in cafés, whom he possibly regarded as potential victims. Such an approach aligns with Christie's modus operandi of offering help to women so as to gain their confidence and lure them back to his flat, as demonstrated in Eady's case. Nearly three years passed without major incident for Christie after Evans' trial. He soon found alternative employment as
14768-609: The same methods with Die Presse (which was named for and frankly copied Girardin's publication). While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers (e.g., The Wall Street Journal and India Today ) and sports newspapers. More specialist still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited regional areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations,
14910-450: The same section as the editorial), and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists , usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader "what it all means" and persuading them to concur. Papers also include articles that have no byline ; these articles are written by staff writers. A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. Besides
15052-462: The search did not go into the wash-house. The garden was apparently examined but was not excavated at this point. Christie later admitted that his dog had unearthed Eady's skull in the garden shortly after these police searches; he threw the skull into an abandoned bombed-out house in nearby St. Marks Road. There was clearly no systematic search made of the crime scene, in which this or other human remains would have been found and pointed to Christie as
15194-442: The skeletons buried in the back garden, he admitted responsibility for their deaths as well. On 27 April 1953, Christie confessed to the murder of Beryl Evans, which Timothy Evans had originally been charged with during the police investigation in 1949, although for the most part he denied killing Geraldine. On one occasion following his trial, Christie indicated that he may have been responsible for her death as well, having said so to
15336-425: The three bodies discovered in the kitchen alcove, but only Ethel matched the hair type on those bodies. Even if two of the others had come from the bodies of Fuerst and Eady, which had by then decomposed into skeletons, there was still one remaining clump of hair unaccounted for—it could not have come from Beryl Evans, as no pubic hair had been removed from her body. Writing in 1978, Professor Keith Simpson , one of
15478-473: The time, that Christie had a " hysterical personality " but was not insane. The jury rejected Christie's plea and after deliberating for 85 minutes found him guilty. He was sentenced to death by Mr Justice Finnemore . On 29 June, Christie stated that he would not be making an appeal against his conviction. On 2 July Evans' mother wrote to Christie asking him to "confess all." On 8 July his MP , George Rogers , interviewed Christie for forty-five minutes about
15620-469: The truth about Christie had emerged. Police accepted all of Christie's statements as true without much scrutiny, and he was the crucial witness at Evans' trial. As Kennedy wrote, police accepted Christie, a former war reserve constable, as one of their own, largely taking what he said on face value without any further investigation. Bearing in mind that he had criminal convictions for theft and malicious wounding (while Evans had no convictions for violence),
15762-606: The unfortunate women known to have been involved. No attempts were or have been made to trace any further victims of Christie, such as examining records of missing women in London during his period of activity. Michael Eddowes suggested that Christie had been in a perfect position, as a war reserve constable, to have committed many more murders than have been discovered. The historian Jonathan Oates considers it unlikely Christie had any further victims, arguing he would not have deviated from his standard method of killing in his place of residence. Following Christie's conviction, there
15904-535: The week during the Christmas period depending the day of the week Christmas Day is falling on. A local newspaper serves a region such as a city, or part of a large city. Almost every market has one or two newspapers that dominate the area. Large metropolitan newspapers often have large distribution networks, and can be found outside their normal area, sometimes widely, sometimes from fewer sources. Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout
16046-404: The weekly Darlington & Stockton Times and the free Advertiser series. In recent years, the web edition has used a paywall - allowing a limited number of articles to be viewed free. Newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover
16188-583: The whole country: a national newspaper . Some national newspapers, such as the Financial Times and The Wall Street Journal , are specialised (in these examples, on financial matters). There are many national newspapers in the United Kingdom , but only a few in the United States and Canada . In Canada, The Globe and Mail is sold throughout the country. In the United States, in addition to national newspapers as such, The New York Times
16330-408: The wider range of readers are omitted from international editions; in others, of interest to expatriates , significant national news is retained. As English became the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In places as varied as Jerusalem and Mumbai , newspapers are printed for
16472-409: Was W. T. Stead , the early pioneer of British investigative journalism , who earned the paper accolades from the leading Liberals of the day, seeing it applauded as "the best paper in Europe." Harold Evans , one of the great campaigning journalists of all time, was editor of The Northern Echo in the 1960s and argued the case for cervical smear tests for women. Evans agreed with Stead that reporting
16614-464: Was soliciting clients in a snack bar in Ladbroke Grove . According to his own statements, on 24 August 1943, he invited Fuerst to his home to engage in sex (his wife was visiting relatives at the time). Afterward, Christie impulsively strangled her on his bed with a length of rope. He initially stowed Fuerst's body beneath the floorboards of his living room, then buried it in the back garden
16756-588: Was "a very good way of attacking the devil". The Northern Echo was started by John Hyslop Bell with the backing of the Pease family , largely to counter the conservative outpourings of rival newspapers, the Darlington & Stockton Times and the Darlington Mercury . The paper enjoyed early success under its second editor, W. T. Stead , an early pioneer of investigative journalism , who brought
16898-414: Was a major prosecution witness; when his own crimes were discovered three years later, serious doubts were raised about the integrity of Evans' conviction. Christie himself subsequently admitted killing Beryl, but not Geraldine; it is now generally accepted that Christie murdered both victims and that police mishandling of the original inquiry allowed Christie to escape detection, which enabled him to commit
17040-743: Was a sex worker from the Ladbroke Grove area. Nelson was from Belfast and was visiting her sister in Ladbroke Grove; she was six months pregnant at the time she encountered Christie. Christie first met MacLennan, who was living in London with her boyfriend, Alex Baker, in a café. All three met on several occasions after this and Christie let MacLennan and Baker stay at Rillington Place while they were looking for accommodation. On another occasion, Christie met MacLennan on her own and persuaded her to come back to his flat, where he murdered her. Later he convinced Baker, who came to Rillington Place looking for MacLennan, that he had not seen her. Christie kept up
17182-423: Was admitted to hospital, he would not have been discharged as fit for duty had he remained a mute. His inability to talk loudly, Kennedy argued, was a psychological reaction to the gassing rather than a lasting toxic effect of the gas. The reaction, and Christie's exaggeration of the effects of the attack, stemmed from an underlying histrionic personality disorder that caused him to exaggerate or feign illness as
17324-522: Was also alternately coddled and bullied by his mother and older sisters. On 24 March 1911, Christie's grandfather David Halliday died aged 75 in Christie's house after a long illness. Christie later said that seeing his grandfather's body laid out on a trestle table gave him a feeling of power and well-being; a man he had once feared was now only a corpse. At the age of 11, Christie won a scholarship to Halifax Secondary School , where his favourite subject
17466-607: Was branded "Reggie-No-Dick" and "Can't-Do-It-Christie" by his peers. Christie's sexual difficulties were life-long; most of the time he could only perform with prostitutes . (A post-mortem report found that Christie's genitals were physically normal.) In September 1916, during the First World War , Christie enlisted in the British Army ; he was called up on 12 April 1917 to join the 52nd Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment to serve as an infantryman. In April 1918,
17608-422: Was criticised for being held over too short a time period (one week) and for being prejudiced against the possibility that Evans was innocent. This controversy, along with the coincidence that two stranglers would have been living in the same property at the same time if Evans and Christie had both been guilty, kept alive concerns that a miscarriage of justice had occurred in Evans' trial. This uncertainty led to
17750-481: Was dead. A police search of the building failed to find her body, but a later search revealed the bodies of Beryl, Geraldine and a 16-week male foetus in an outdoor wash-house. Beryl's body had been wrapped twice, in a blanket and then a tablecloth. The post-mortem revealed that both mother and daughter had been strangled and that Beryl had been physically assaulted before her death, shown by facial bruising. Evans initially claimed that Christie had killed his wife in
17892-521: Was first paper written in Ottoman Turkish and Arabic on opposite pages, and later in Arabic only, under the title " al-Waqa'i'a al-Masriya ". The first non-official Turkish newspaper, Ceride-i Havadis (Register of Events), was published by an Englishman, William Churchill, in 1840. The first private newspaper to be published by Turkish journalists, Tercüman-ı Ahvâl (Interpreter of Events),
18034-655: Was first published in Sweden in 1645, and is the oldest newspaper still in existence, though it now publishes solely online. Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from Haarlem , first published in 1656, is the oldest paper still printed. It was forced to merge with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 when Germany occupied the Netherlands. Since then the Haarlems Dagblad has appeared with the subtitle Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656 . Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny
18176-425: Was found beneath the floorboards in the front room. Christie was arrested and convicted of his wife's murder, for which he was hanged . Two of Christie's victims were Beryl Evans and her baby daughter Geraldine, who, along with Beryl's husband Timothy Evans , were tenants at 10 Rillington Place during 1948–49. Evans was charged with both murders, found guilty of the murder of his daughter and hanged in 1950. Christie
18318-632: Was founded by İbrahim Şinasi and Agah Efendi and issued in 1860. The first newspaper in Iran, Kaghaz-e Akhbar (The Newspaper), was created for the government by Mirza Saleh Shirazi in 1837. The first journals in the Arabian Peninsula appeared in Hijaz , once it had become independent of Ottoman rule, towards the end of World War I. One of the earliest women to sign her articles in the Arab press
18460-509: Was hanged at HM Prison Pentonville on 9 March 1950. At the time of Evans' trial, Christie had found a job at the Post Office Savings Bank on 21 May 1946 as a Grade 2 Clerk and worked at Kew . He was sacked when his past criminal record came to light, leaving on 4 April 1950. Police made several mistakes in their handling of the Evans case, especially in overlooking the remains of Christie's previous murder victims in
18602-685: Was mathematics, particularly algebra . He was also good at history and woodwork. It was later found that Christie had an IQ of 128. He also attended Boothtown Council School (also known as Boothtown Board School) in Northowram. Christie sang in the church choir and was a Scout . After leaving school on 22 April 1913, he entered employment as an assistant projectionist . During his later life, Christie's childhood peers described him as "a queer lad" who "kept himself to himself" and "was not very popular." His problem with impotence began in adolescence ; his first attempts at sex were failures, and he
18744-476: Was publicly revealed, Christie quickly gained a reputation for being a necrophiliac . One commentator has cautioned against categorising Christie as such; according to the accounts he gave to police, he did not engage sexually with any of his victims exclusively after death. After Christie had murdered each of his victims by ligature strangulation, he placed a vest or other cloth-like material between their legs before wrapping their semi-naked bodies in blankets (in
18886-567: Was published in Kraków , Poland in 1661. The first successful English daily, The Daily Courant , was published from 1702 to 1735. In Boston in 1690, Benjamin Harris published Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick . This is considered the first newspaper in the American colonies even though only one edition was published before the paper was suppressed by the government. In 1704,
19028-675: Was published in 1631, La Gazette (originally published as Gazette de France ). The first newspaper in Italy, in accordance with the oldest issue still preserved, was Di Genova published in 1639 in Genoa . The first newspaper in Portugal, A Gazeta da Restauração , was published in 1641 in Lisbon . The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid , was published in 1661. Post- och Inrikes Tidningar (founded as Ordinari Post Tijdender )
19170-696: Was published in Amsterdam in 1620. In the same year, the Antwerp periodial Nieuwe Tijdinghen was published by Abraham Verhoeven . In 1621, Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys was published in England by an "N.B." (generally thought to be either Nathaniel Butter or Nicholas Bourne) and Thomas Archer. The first newspaper in France
19312-538: Was released from prison, but he continued to visit prostitutes. He ended his recourse to petty crime. In 1937 the Christies moved into the top-floor flat of 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill , then a rather run-down area of London; they later moved into the ground-floor flat in December 1938. The residence was a three-storey brick end-terrace, built in the 1870s during a period of intensive speculative building in
19454-529: Was released on 27 June. Christie was then convicted on 15 January 1923 of obtaining money on false pretences and of violent conduct, for which, respectively, he was bound over and placed on probation for twelve months. He committed two further crimes of larceny during 1924, and received consecutive sentences of three and six months' imprisonment on 22 September 1924 in HM Prison Wandsworth . On 13 May 1929, after working for over two years as
19596-547: Was sacked. The paper was saved from ruin in 1903, when it was acquired by the North of England Newspaper Company, a group owned by chocolatiers Rowntree . An acquisition by Westminster Press (also known as the Starmer Group) in 1921 secured the Echo's future. In 1936 Edward Pickering begun his apprenticeship at the Echo , eventually rising to the position of district reporter and sub-editor, before leaving to sub-edit
19738-404: Was substantial controversy concerning the earlier trial of Timothy Evans, who had been convicted mainly on the evidence of Christie, who lived in the same property in which Evans had allegedly carried out his crimes. Christie confessed to Beryl's murder and although he neither confessed to, nor was charged with, Geraldine's murder, he was widely considered guilty of both murders. This cast doubt on
19880-424: Was taken until later, when the two bodies were found in the wash-house. Evans was also unaware at his first interview that his daughter had been killed. The police interrogation in London was mishandled from the start, when Evans was shown the clothes of his wife and baby and was informed that they had been found in the wash-house. Such information should have been kept from him so as to force him to tell police where
20022-500: Was that her presence would have drawn attention to Beryl's disappearance, which Christie would have been averse to as it increased the risk that his own murders would be discovered. Brabin also noted that the uncertainty involved in the case would have prevented a jury from being satisfied beyond reasonable doubt of Evans' guilt had he been re-tried. These conclusions were used by the Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins , to recommend
20164-503: Was the female medical practitioner Galila Tamarhan , who contributed articles to a medical magazine called " Ya'asub al-Tib " (Leader in Medicine) in the 1860s. By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences. Advances in printing technology related to
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