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63-467: The Cultural Palace of Nationalities was built by the master of contemporary Chinese architecture Zhang Bo, whose well-known works include the Great Hall , Beijing Hotel , Friendship Hotel and Diaoyutai State Guesthouse . It covers 32,000 m. The main building has 13 floors and is 67 meters high. The east and west sides are surrounded by wings, with a central exhibition hall extending north. The exterior

126-465: A state funeral held at the Great Hall. The Great Hall also held the funerals of General Secretary Hu Yaobang in 1989, as well as the state funerals for paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1997, and Jiang Zemin in 2022. ( Mao Zedong 's funeral ceremony was not held at the Great Hall; it was held at Tiananmen Square . ) The building and its main "Great Auditorium" are open to the public as

189-594: A broad range of subjects, including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, law, medicine. Along with its membership in the C9 League, Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities , a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, a group of 35 premier global universities, and

252-493: A degree in chemical engineering, along with the CCP General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao '64, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering . In addition to its powerful alumni, Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers, with international leaders Bill Clinton , Tony Blair , Henry Kissinger , Carlos Ghosn , and Henry Paulson having lectured to

315-464: A large red star is at the centre of the ceiling, and a pattern of a water waves nearby represents the people. Its facilities equipped with audio-visual and other systems adaptable to a variety of meeting types and sizes. A simultaneous interpretation system is also provided with a language booth. The State Banquet Hall with an area of 7,000 square meters (75,000 sq ft) can entertain 7,000 guests, and up to 5,000 people can dine at one time (as

378-483: A pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university. Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe, Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition, featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages. Furthermore, while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose

441-515: A specific major upon entrance, Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year, enabling them to explore several different fields of study. In December 2014, Tsinghua University established the Advisory Committee of Undergraduate Curriculum (ACUC). It became the first student autonomous organization in mainland China for students to participate in the school's management. The Tsinghua University Academic Committee, which

504-519: A tourist attraction when it is not in use. Some non-political conventions and concerts have also been held in the Great Hall. On July 4, 1986, tenor singer Luciano Pavarotti held a solo concert in the Great Hall of the People, becoming the first foreigner to perform in the Great Hall of the People. In October 2003, Riverdance , the Irish music and dance entertainment phenomenon, was the first show from

567-782: Is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China . The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . It is also a member in the C9 League . Tsinghua University's campus is in northwest Beijing, on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty . The university has 21 schools and 59 departments, with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine, history, philosophy, economics, management, education, and art. Tsinghua University

630-480: Is also very competitive. Only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each year. Research at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects. In the areas of science and technology, funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan, which subsidizes more than 1,400 projects every year conducted by the university. With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology, research at Tsinghua

693-528: Is extremely competitive. Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao , the Chinese national college entrance exam, which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices. While selectivity varies by province, the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0.1% of all test takers. Admission to Tsinghua's graduate schools

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756-568: Is predominantly white, with peacock-blue glazed tile roof eaves. Characters over its entrance spell "solidarity" and "progress." The mission of the Culture Palace is to serve and educate the various minority cultures of the country. The collection of National Culture Palace includes over 60 million literature and science text books. The basic display for the "Chinese Traditional Culture Series" exhibition, and theater performances will be from time to time various national art. In recent years,

819-742: Is projected to receive more financial support from the state. In 2007, Tsinghua was granted security clearance to conduct classified research of military interest. Each year, the university hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord , New Hampshire. The scientific research institutions in Tsinghua University are divided into three categories, including government-approved institutions, institutions independently established by

882-724: Is the political hub of Beijing and home of the National People's Congress . Every year, in March, the Great Hall of the People plays host to the liang hui (literally means "two meetings") event, where both the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the National People's Congress (NPC) meet in sessions lasting for two to three weeks at the Great Auditorium. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) also holds its National Congress every five years in

945-737: The Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects , which are historical strengths for Tsinghua. Since 2015, Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U.S. News & World Report and as of 2024, it also ranked number one globally in 9 subjects: "Artificial Intelligence", " Chemical Engineering", "Chemistry", "Computer Science", "Energy and Fuels", "Engineering", "Environment Engineering", "Environment/Ecology" and "Material Science". As of 2024,

1008-418: The U.S. News & World Report also placed "Civil Engineering", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Geosciences", "Green and Sustainable Science and Technology", "Mechanical Engineering", "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences", "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology", "Optics", "Physical Chemistry", "Physics" and "Water Resources" at Tsinghua in the global Top 10 universities. In

1071-905: The ARWU 's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020, Tsinghua ranks in the world's top five universities in "Telecommunication Engineering", "Instruments Science & Technology", "Civil Engineering", "Chemical Engineering", "Mechanical Engineering", "Nanoscience & Nanotechnology", "Energy Science & Engineering", and "Transportation Science & Technology" and falls within the global top 10 for "Electrical & Electronic Engineering", "Computer Science & Engineering", "Materials Science & Engineering", "Environmental Science & Engineering", and "Water Resources". Department of Industrial Engineering (Tsinghua IE) has three institutes: The department also operates two university-level multi-disciplinary application-oriented institutes or centers: The Department of Mathematical Sciences (DMS)

1134-654: The Academic Ranking of World Universities , also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Tsinghua University 22nd in the world and 1st in Asia & Oceania region. The U.S. News & World Report ranked Tsinghua at 1st in the Asia-Pacific and 16th globally in its 2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings . Tsinghua was the best-ranked university in the Asia-Pacific and the 17th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by

1197-497: The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities . As of 2021, it ranked 3rd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings . The Nature Index 2022 Annual Tables by Nature Research ranked Tsinghua 7th among the leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science. For sciences in general, the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University 3rd in

1260-649: The Association of East Asian Research Universities , a 17-member research collaboration network of top regional institutions. Tsinghua is an associate member of the Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research (CLUSTER) . Tsinghua is a member of a Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (LCEUA), together with the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Admission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools

1323-507: The Chinese Communist Party regrouped the country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study, such as social sciences or natural sciences. Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences. In 1953, Tsinghua established a political counselor program, becoming

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1386-650: The Peking University on class cross-registration to supplement each other's general education curriculum, reducing fees on class withdraw, transcripts and certificates, and adjusting the graduate school co-terminal admission policies. In 2016, Schwarzman Scholars was established with almost US$ 400 million endowment by Steven Schwarzman , the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group and other multinational corporations and global leaders. Schwarzman Scholars annually selects 100–200 scholars across

1449-652: The Red Guards , resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach. It was not until 1978, after the Cultural Revolution ended, that the university began to take in students and re-emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society. During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Tsinghua and Peking University disseminated commentaries under

1512-719: The School of Economics and Management , the School of Sciences, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Public Policy and Management , and the Academy of Arts and Design. In 1996, the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . One year later, Tsinghua and MIT began

1575-492: The Sun Yat-sen Auditorium . The Great Auditorium, with volume of 90,000 cubic meters (3,200,000 cu ft), seats 3,693 in the lower floor, 3,515 in the balcony, 2,518 in the gallery and 300 to 500 on the dais . Government leaders make their speeches; and the representatives do much of their business. It can simultaneously seat 10,000 representatives. The ceiling is decorated with a galaxy of lights, with

1638-643: The Tsinghua College ( 清華學堂 ; Qīnghuá Xuétáng ) was established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States. Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States, and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. The motto of Tsinghua, "Self-Discipline and Social Commitment",

1701-482: The Tsinghua University Press , which publishes academic journals, textbooks, and other scholarly works. Through its constituent colleges, graduate and professional schools, and other institutes, Tsinghua University offers more than 82 bachelor's degree programs, 80 master's degree programs and 90 PhD programs. In 2014, Tsinghua established Xinya College, a residential liberal arts college, as

1764-573: The " Ten Great Constructions " completed for the 10th Anniversary of the PRC. The decision to build the Hall was made by the politburo in August 1958. Zhou Enlai believed the final design should give the message that "the people are the masters of the country". After design proposals were submitted, a group of architects from across the country chose the winning design by Zhao Dongri and Shen Qi. Zhang Bo

1827-748: The 1990s and 2000s. During the Third Front construction, Tsinghua established a branch in Mianyang , Sichuan province . In 1966, the efforts of Tsinghua researchers were critical in China's transition from vacuum-tube computers to fully transistorized computers . From 1966 to 1976, China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution . Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions, and some went on to join

1890-687: The Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau determined that the Great Hall of Ten Thousand People and the Museum of Revolutionary History would be located on both sides of Tiananmen Square. In the early morning of September 9, 1959, Mao Zedong , Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, visited the construction site. During the visit, Wan Li, the vice mayor of Beijing, suggested that

1953-402: The Great Hall of Ten Thousands. Each province, special administrative region, autonomous region of China has its own hall in the Great Hall, such as Beijing Hall, Hong Kong Hall and Hainan Hall. Each hall has the unique characteristics of the province and is furnished according to the local style. Upon its completion, the Great Hall became China's largest auditorium which had previously been

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2016-545: The Great Hall of the People had not yet been officially named. After some discussion, Mao finalized the name "Great Hall of the People". In that night, the Great Hall was fully completed and put into use, and Mei Lanfang performed the Drunken Beauty ( 贵妃醉酒 ) in the 10,000-strong auditorium to show his condolences to the construction troops. The Great Hall of the People was opened in September 1959 as one of

2079-445: The Great Hall of the People. After the Great Hall of the People was built in 1959, it was open to the public for one or two days every week. After the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution , the Great Hall of the People was closed and used only for large-scale meetings and the offices of central leaders, receiving activities. The issue of opening the Great Hall of the People to the public was brought up again after Cultural Revolution. At

2142-763: The Japanese invasion. In 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Changsha Temporary University, located in Changsha , Hunan . The merged university later became the National Southwestern Associated University , located in Kunming , Yunnan. The Tsinghua University section of the merged university returned to Beijing at the end of World War II. After

2205-756: The MBA program known as the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA. In 1998, Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws (LLM) program in American law , through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law . Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China, Xi Jinping '79, who graduated with

2268-649: The US$ 30 million Boxer indemnity allotted to the United States was excessive. After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng , president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US$ 10.8 million, on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund,

2331-546: The West to perform in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, with eleven sold-out performances. In January 2009, American country music trio Lucy Angel became the first American group to be invited to perform at the Great Hall of the People, doing so before an audience of dignitaries and government officials. Tsinghua University Tsinghua University ( THU ) is a public university in Haidian , Beijing , China. It

2394-582: The building also provides exhibition space to other types of exhibitions organized. In 1979, the National Palace Museum changed its name to the National Palace Hall. The museum's collection contains cultural relics of ethnic minorities in China to promote minority cultures. Large collections of arts and crafts, costumes, musical instruments, and religious articles show the culture of the Chinese of all ethnic groups, and witness

2457-509: The chief architect of the Great Hall Design Group, in a very short period of time selected the design of the Great Hall of the eight programs, and in a wide range of opinions on the basis of Tsinghua University , Beijing Municipal Bureau of Planning Administration Design Institute (President Shen Bo), Beijing Municipal Bureau of Planning Administration , to draft a comprehensive program respectively. In early September 1958,

2520-796: The end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of the People's Republic of China. Tsinghua University's then president Mei Yiqi , along with many professors, fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government . They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University. In 1952,

2583-404: The end of the 1980s it had become self-supporting in terms of administrative expenses. The Great Hall has been used for meetings with foreign dignitaries on state or working visits, as well as large anniversary celebrations attended by top leaders. The Great Hall has been used for the state funerals and memorial services for several top leaders. In 1982 Former President Liu Shaoqi was granted

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2646-424: The evening of January 27, 1979, Deng Yingchao , on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, announced that "the Great Hall of the People will be open to the masses." From July 15, the Great Hall of the People was reopened to the public. Since then it has eased the pressure on its finances by charging admission fees for visiting the hall and by generating income from the kiosks. Subsequently, by

2709-699: The first Five-year plans of China was completed ahead of schedule in 1956, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party began to consider about building a larger auditorium in Beijing. At the Beidaihe meeting in late August 1958 , the CCP Central Committee decided to build a number of major architectural projects in Beijing including the Great Hall of Ten Thousand People, and requested that it be put into use in October 1959 before

2772-504: The first university to do so following the Ministry of Education 's 1952 directive to begin piloting such programs. As political counselors, new graduates who were also Communist Party members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations, often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries. The program was later expanded to other universities following its endorsement by Deng Xiaoping and became further institutionalized across China in

2835-582: The historical development of all ethnic groups. 39°54′34″N 116°22′09″E  /  39.90944°N 116.36917°E  / 39.90944; 116.36917 Great Hall of the People The Great Hall of the People is a state building situated to the west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing . It is used for legislative and ceremonial activities by the government of the People's Republic of China . The People's Great Hall functions as

2898-556: The largest budget of any university in China. According to a 2018 Financial Times report, Tsinghua University has been linked to cyber-espionage . In 2024, Tsinghua announced that its office of the university president had merged into the university's Chinese Communist Party committee, which would directly administer the university henceforth. Tsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs, and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering

2961-401: The main gate hangs the national emblem of the PRC. The Great Hall of the People consists of three sections. Among them, the central hall covers an area of 3,600 square meters. The retaining walls and floor are paved with colored marble. There are 20 white marble pillars around. There is a 12-meter (39 ft 4 in)-wide corridor on the middle floor. There are 6 main entrances leading to

3024-505: The meeting place for the full sessions of China's legislature, the National People's Congress , which occurs every year during March along with the national session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference , a political advisory body. The Great Hall is also the meeting place of the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party , which, since the 12th conference in 1982, has occurred once every five years, and

3087-401: The national unity and ethnic equality of the nation, the Great Hall embodied the new Chinese character of time in its features, proportion and details. The building covers 171,801 square meters (1,849,250 sq ft) of floor space, it is 356 meters (1,168 ft) in length and 206.5 meters (677 ft) in width. The centre's highest point reaches 46.5 meters (153 ft). At the eaves of

3150-529: The newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings . Tsinghua graduates are highly desired worldwide; in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, Tsinghua was ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the whole of Afro-Eurasia & Oceania region. In 2020, Tsinghua was ranked 15th in the world by QS World University Rankings , and ranked 6th globally and 1st in Asia in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings. As of 2023,

3213-410: The party's Central Committee which meets approximately once a year. The Hall is also used for many special events, including national level meetings of various social and political organizations, large anniversary celebrations, as well as the memorial services for former leaders. The Great Hall of the People is also a popular attraction in the city frequented by tourists visiting the capital. After

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3276-412: The pseudonym of "Liang Xiao". The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools". In the 1980s, Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment. Under this system, several schools have been re-incorporated, including Tsinghua Law School ,

3339-546: The tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Since the decision to build to be completed in just over a year and a month, time is very intensive. On September 5, 1958, Wan Li , the vice mayor of Beijing, conveyed the central government on the preparations for the 10th Anniversary . Beijing immediately set up by Feng Peizhi responsible for the National Day Project Design Leading Group and by Zhang Bo as

3402-581: The university and institutions jointly established by the university and independent legal entities outside the university. As of 31 December 2022, Tsinghua University has 428 university-level scientific research institutions in operation. Tsinghua University ranked No. 1 in China, the whole of Asia-Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education , with its industry income, research, and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st, 4th and 9th respectively in

3465-551: The university community. As of 2018, Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories. In September 2006, the Peking Union Medical College , a renowned medical school, was renamed "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University" although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions. The university operates

3528-632: The world . Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where, it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia-Pacific. Tsinghua University ranked 10 among Global Innovative Universities according to the World's Universities with Real Impact (WURI) 2020 ranking released by United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). Since 2013, Tsinghua also topped

3591-747: The world after Harvard and Stanford based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields. In November 2024, Clarivate Analytics ranked Tsinghua second in Afro-Eurasia & Oceania regions after Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and 4th in the world after (CAS, Harvard, and Stanford) for most cited researchers. As of 2021, it ranked 6th globally in "Education", 7th in "Clinical, pre-clinical and Health", 11th in "Business and Economics", 12th in "Computer Science", 13th in "Life Science", 17th in "Engineering and Technology", 18th in "Physical Science", 33th in "Social Science", 37th in "Law", and 40th in "Arts and Humanities" by

3654-506: The world to enroll in a one-year fully-funded master's degree leadership program designed to cultivate the next generation of global leaders. 40% students are selected from the United States, 20% students are selected from China, 40% are selected from rest of the world. These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College , a residential college built specifically for the program. In 2016, Tsinghua's expenditures were RMB 13.7 billion (US$ 3.57 billion at purchasing power parity),

3717-883: Was appointed as the chief architect. The construction took 10 months, 7,785 workers and was fashioned with military-like strategies that emulated the Great Leap Forward . On December 19, 2007, approved by the Beijing Municipal People's Government , the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics included the Great Hall of the People building in the List of Beijing Outstanding Modern and Contemporary Architectures ( 北京优秀近现代建筑保护名录 ). Designed to symbolize

3780-483: Was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao , in which he quoted the I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman. In 1925, the school established its own four-year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies. In 1928, the school changed its name to National Tsinghua University. During the Second Sino-Japanese War , many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid

3843-405: Was done on the occasion of Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China ). Smaller gatherings can be held in the Main Auditorium, with larger groups having the use of one or more of the conference halls, such as Golden Hall and North Hall, and the smallest assemblies accommodated in one or more of the over 30 conference halls that are named after provinces and regions in China. The Great Hall of the People

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3906-424: Was established in Beijing during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion , an uprising against foreign influence in China. After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States, the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members. United States Secretary of State John Hay suggested that

3969-495: Was formally established on 8 July 2015, has stipulated in the committee's charter that students should be consulted through the ACUC for resolutions involving undergraduate students. From then on, Tsinghua commenced a new round of academic reform lasting ever since, including establishing GPA grading system, adding the writing classes, critical thinking classes, second foreign languages classes into curriculum, requiring undergrads to be able to swim before graduation, cooperating with

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