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51-815: Having become one of the largest employers in Australia with a workforce that peaked at 11,000 in 1981, it closed on 30 September 1999. Demolition commenced in 2000. In 2022 the Department of Planning & Environment called for expressions of interest to redevelop the site. The 150 ha (370 acres) steelworks had a 45 km (28 mi) rail network. Initially operated by steam locomotives, 32 and 37 class diesel locomotives were later introduced. 32°53′42″S 151°45′36″E  /  32.895°S 151.760°E  / -32.895; 151.760 Department of Planning %26 Environment The New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment ( DPE )

102-589: A leading hub of economic activity for the Asia Pacific region. 40.7 % of businesses in the CBD fall within the ‘Finance and Financial Services’ or ‘Professional and Business services’ category. It is ranked overall #16 in the 2024 Oxford's Global Cities Index and amongst the top 10 cities in the Human Capital category. Approximately 15% of Sydney's total workforce is employed within the CBD. In 2012,

153-682: A new planning department was announced in April 2019 following the 2019 state election . The new department would be formed from the merger of the Department of Planning and Environment and Department of Industry , the latter formed in July 2015. The new department was originally planned to be named the Department of Planning and Industry. The Office of Local Government and the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) would also be abolished and merged into

204-581: Is Central railway station , which is located to the south of the CBD in Haymarket : it connects services for almost all of the lines in the Sydney Trains network, as well as being the terminus for NSW TrainLink country and inter-urban rail services. From Central, there is a largely-underground CBD rail loop, accessed in both directions via Central, which services five CBD stations ( Town Hall , Wynyard , Circular Quay , St James and Museum ). This

255-882: Is a large concentration of cultural institutions within the CBD including: the Museum of Sydney , the State Library of New South Wales , the Customs House branch of the City of Sydney Library , the Theatre Royal , the City Recital Hall and the Japan Foundation . There are a total of 19 churches located in the Sydney city centre. Many other cultural institutions are located at the surrounds of

306-453: Is an area of very densely concentrated skyscrapers and other buildings, interspersed by several parks such as Hyde Park , The Domain , Royal Botanic Garden and Wynyard Park . Geographically, its north–south axis runs from Circular Quay in the north to Central railway station in the south. Its east–west axis runs from a chain of parkland that includes Hyde Park , The Domain , Royal Botanic Garden and Farm Cove on Sydney Harbour in

357-516: Is known as the City Circle . In addition, a separate underground line to Bondi Junction services an additional underground station, Martin Place . The Inner West Light Rail passes immediately to the south of the CBD, connecting Central to nearby suburbs of Sydney's Inner West . The CBD and South East Light Rail runs north–south through the CBD, connecting Circular Quay with Central and

408-709: Is the financial heart of the CBD whereas Pitt Street is the retail heart of the city andincludes the Pitt Street Mall as well as the Sydney Tower . Macquarie Street is a historic precinct that houses such buildings as the State Parliament House and the Supreme Court of New South Wales . The Geographical Names Board defines the area covering the central business district as the suburb named " Sydney ". The formal boundaries of

459-799: The Luna Park Reserve Trust, Place Management NSW and the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, were transferred from DoPE to Transport for NSW on 1 April 2022. Following a media release on 18 August 2023, it was announced that, as of 1 January 2024, the department would be split into two new entities: the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water , and the Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure. The former would also be joined by

510-550: The "Department of Planning and Environment" name in April 2014 after Mike Baird became Premier of New South Wales . In 2015–16 the department approved major projects worth A$ 20  billion . Between 2014 and 2019, the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) also existed within the Department of Planning and Environment. Previous environment authority/office/departments in New South Wales were: The establishment of

561-533: The British where they came from. After arriving to Botany Bay , Captain Arthur Phillip decided that the area was not suitable since it had poor soil, no secure anchorage and no reliable water source. Thus, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day . The colony

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612-770: The CBD, such as: the Sydney Opera House and the Museum of Contemporary Art to the north, the Australian Museum and the Art Gallery of New South Wales to the east, the Powerhouse Museum to the west, White Rabbit Gallery and the Haymarket branch of the City of Sydney Library to the south. The lanes and alleyways of Sydney exhibit the culture and arts of the CBD. Every January during

663-419: The CBD. It is currently under construction, with a planned completion date of 2024. Construction on a separate rapid transit line to connect the CBD with the secondary centre of Parramatta is also expected to begin in late 2022. Sydney's cultural centre is compacted within its central business district and inner city ring, due to its nightlife, pedestrian traffic and centrality of notable attractions. There

714-581: The Department of Planning and Environment. Heritage NSW was transferred back from the Department of Premier and Cabinet to the Department of Planning and Environment on 1 April 2022. Legislation to create the Greater Sydney Parklands Trust passed on 29 March 2022, which would comprise Centennial Parklands (including Moore Park and Queens Park), Western Sydney Parklands , Parramatta Park , Callan Park and Fernhill Estate and their individual park trusts. The trust, along with

765-540: The Eastern Suburbs. Buses service the CBD along several dozen routes to both inner and more remote suburbs. NightRide is an after-hours bus service that operates between midnight and 5:00 am, with most services running from George Street outside the Sydney Town Hall. Sydney Ferries operate largely from Circular Quay , on the northern edge of the CBD. There are several wharves (directly beneath

816-809: The Hon. Ron Hoenig MP. All ministers were ultimately responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales . The department administered the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 and the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 . The following agencies are included in the Planning and Environment cluster, administered by the Department: The previous Department of Planning and Environment's corporate plan

867-805: The MP for Bligh, even addressed a crowd in Martin Place in 1988 in a futile attempt to save the Regent Theatre from its imminent fate. At the 2021 census , the population of the Sydney CBD was recorded as 16,667. International students account for 32% of Sydney CBD residents. Australia-born individuals make up 22.3% of the CBD's population. The most common countries of birth other than Australia were Indonesia (12.9%), Thailand (12.4%), China (9.7%), India (3.5%) and South Korea (3.1%). Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.3% of

918-569: The Office of Energy and Climate Change, which was until then a part of the New South Wales Treasury . Until its dissolution in 2024, the department was the lead agency in the Planning and Environment cluster, led by Secretary , at the time, Kiersten Fishburn since October 2021. Between June 2021 and December 2021, the department was made up of six core delivery groups: There was also previously another core delivery group, Regions, Industry, Agriculture & Resources until it

969-499: The Sydney CBD, in styles of concrete and glass structures. Administratively, the Sydney CBD falls under the authority of the local government area of the City of Sydney . The New South Wales state government also has authority over some aspects of the CBD, in particular through Property NSW . In the New South Wales state parliament, the seat of " Sydney " covers the city centre together with inner western, southern and eastern suburbs. Independent Alex Greenwich has represented

1020-471: The Sydney Harbour and Lord Howe Island . Australian Labor Party member Tanya Plibersek has represented the federal seat of Sydney since the 1998 Australian federal election . The Sydney CBD is home to some of the largest Australian companies, as well as serving as an Asia-Pacific headquarters for many large international companies. The financial services industry in particular occupies much of

1071-482: The available office space, with companies such as the Westpac , Commonwealth Bank , Citibank , Deutsche Bank , Macquarie Group , AMP , Insurance Australia Group , Aon , Marsh McLennan , Allianz , HSBC , Axa , ABN Amro , Royal Bank of Canada and Bloomsbury Publishing all having offices. Sydney's CBD is serviced by commuter rail , light rail , bus and ferry transport. Sydney's main commuter rail hub

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1122-415: The city began with the arrival of a First Fleet of British ships in 1788 and the foundation of a penal colony by Great Britain. The area surrounding Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) was home to several Aboriginal tribes. The " Eora people" are the coastal Aboriginal people of the Sydney district. The name Eora simply means "here" or "from this place", and was used by Local Aboriginal people to describe to

1173-428: The city centre. The City of Sydney is traditionally the governing authority for Sydney's city centre. However, the boundaries of the City of Sydney have always been larger than the city centre or CBD. For example, Pyrmont has been in the City of Sydney since 1842 but is usually considered to be an inner western suburb, not a part of the Sydney city centre or CBD. Sydney's history begins in prehistoric times with

1224-478: The death of Private Ernest William Keefe. Eight people sustained injuries. Because this incident occurred in the middle of the Great War the state discouraged media coverage. Only a fifth of the rioters were court-marshalled. These riots spurred the introduction of lockout laws for pubs after 6 pm. This law was only lifted in 1955. The early 1960s onwards saw the construction of new modern high-rise skyscrapers in

1275-508: The east; to Darling Harbour and the Western Distributor in the west. The CBD runs along two ridge lines below Macquarie Street and York Streets. Between these ridges is Pitt Street, running close to the course of the original Tank Stream (now tunneled). George Street is the Sydney CBD's main north–south thoroughfare. Bridge Street took its name from the bridge running east–west that once crossed this stream. Martin Place

1326-545: The elevated Circular Quay commuter rail station), with Wharf 3 operating exclusively to Manly . Additionally, the rapid transit line connecting the northwest suburbs with Chatswood is planned to continue to the CBD when the second stage of the Sydney Metro is completed. This rapid transit line is underground in the CBD area and will link the North Shore to Bankstown via a tunnel underneath Sydney Harbour and

1377-432: The first St Mary's Catholic Cathedral in 1821. St Andrew's Anglican Cathedral , though more modest in size than Macquarie's original vision, later began construction and, after fire and setbacks, the present St Mary's Catholic Cathedral foundation stone was laid in 1868, from which rose a towering gothic-revival landmark. Religious groups were also responsible for many of the philanthropic activities in Sydney. One of these

1428-464: The introduction of green bans in the 1970s and the increasing need for office or living space. Since then, a number of prominent buildings in the CBD have been lost: Anthony Hordern & Sons on George Street, the Regent Theatre also on George Street, Commercial Travelers' Club and Hotel Australia at Martin Place all attracted the ire of Sydneysiders–Sydney Mayor Clover Moore, then

1479-605: The introduction of new diseases such as smallpox , caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the British and resulted in violent confrontations. The oldest legislative body in Australia, the New South Wales Legislative Council , was created in Sydney in 1825 as an appointed body to advise the Governor of New South Wales . The northern wing of Macquarie Street's 's Rum Hospital

1530-585: The latter consisting predominantly of apartments. It is also home to the Australia Square tower building on George Street, which was the city's tallest building until 1976. As of 2017, the tallest structure is Sydney Tower at 309 m (1,014 ft) which has dominated the city skyline since it was topped out in 1981. In 2016, height limits for buildings were lifted from 235 m (771 ft) to 310 m (1,017 ft). Heritage conservation has been an ongoing issue for Sydney's city centre since

1581-518: The new department. The heritage functions of the OEH were an exception and would be assumed by the Heritage Branch within Department of Premier and Cabinet , later known as Heritage NSW . The abolition of the OEH and the lack of the word "Environment" in the name of the new department generated criticism from OEH staff, environmental groups and the opposition. In May 2019, the "Environment" word

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1632-432: The number of workers operating in the city was 226,972. Based on industry mix and relative occupational wage levels it is estimated that economic activity (GDP) generated in the city in 2015/16 was approximately $ 118 billion. Culturally , the city centre is Sydney's focal point for nightlife and entertainment, and is also home to some of the city's most culturally significant buildings and structures . The Sydney CBD

1683-521: The occupation of the district by Australian Aboriginals , whose ancestors came to Sydney in the Upper Paleolithic period. Radiocarbon dating suggests that they lived in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan. The principal language groups were Darug , Guringai , and Dharawal . The modern history of

1734-410: The population. Culturally, residents in the CBD have diverse ancestries, with Chinese, Thai, English, Indonesian, and Korean being the most common. Religious affiliations are equally diverse, with the largest group reporting 'No Religion' (36.1%), followed by Buddhism (21.4%) and Catholicism (13.7%). 99.2% of dwellings were flats or apartments. 72.0% were rented and 24.2% were owned outright or with

1785-485: The state seat of Sydney since the 2012 by-election , triggered by the resignation of previous independent Clover Moore , who was the Lord Mayor of Sydney , due to introduced state laws preventing dual membership of state parliament and local council. In the federal parliament, the seat of " Sydney " covers the city centre together with a larger set of inner western, southern and eastern suburbs, as well as islands in

1836-518: The suburb "Sydney" covers most of the peninsula formed by Cockle Bay in the west and Woolloomooloo Bay in the east. It extends north to Circular Quay , Bennelong Point and Mrs Macquarie's Chair , east to Woolloomooloo Bay and the eastern boundary of the Domain and Hyde Park, south to Goulburn Street just north of Sydney's Chinatown (Haymarket), and west to cover the Darling Harbour area on

1887-520: The summer, the city celebrates with the Sydney Festival . Australian and International theatre during the month is also featured, including Aboriginal , and Contemporary. The Sydney Film Festival is an international event organised every year in June at various venues across the CBD. The festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University. Attendance

1938-453: The two terms are used interchangeably. Colloquially, the CBD or city centre is often referred to simply as " Town " or " the City ". The Sydney city centre extends southwards for about 3 km (2 mi) from Sydney Cove , the point of first European settlement in which the Sydney region was initially established. The Sydney CBD is Australia's main financial and economic centre, as well as

1989-458: The western shore of Cockle Bay. However, it does not include the northwestern portion of the peninsula which includes the Barangaroo , The Rocks, Millers Point , Dawes Point and Walsh Bay area, which are formally separate suburbs grouped by the City of Sydney into the "small area" called "The Rocks - Miller's Point - Dawe's Point". The postcode zone 2000 is also roughly correlative with

2040-613: Was a department of the New South Wales Government , responsible for effective and sustainable planning to support the growth in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It made plans based on evidence for the state's cities and regions, working with the community, business and local government to create places for people in NSW to live, work and spend their leisure time, while ensuring good access to transport and other services like shops and restaurants. The department

2091-468: Was added to the proposed name. All proposed changes took effect on 1 July 2019 and the new department was established. The new department was initially spread across a number of sites, mostly in the Sydney CBD . In January and February 2020, the department relocated and consolidated most of its staff in a newly built tower at 4 Parramatta Square. Shortly after moving into the building, the department

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2142-762: Was also responsible for the development of industry until these functions were transferred to the new Department of Regional NSW in April 2020. The main planning department/authority in New South Wales had various names throughout its history. Starting with the State Planning Authority , which replaced the Cumberland County Council and the Northumberland County Council in December 1963, previous planning departments were: The planning department adopted

2193-401: Was also responsible for the evidence-based assessment of state significant development applications. The department was renamed from the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment ( DPIE ) on 21 December 2021. The DPIE was formed on 1 July 2019 following the 2019 state election and replaced an earlier Department of Planning and Environment and Department of Industry . The department

2244-597: Was at full capacity with 1,200 tickets sold at one guinea each. Sydney boasts a lively café culture, as well as a club and bar scene distributed throughout the CBD and concentrated in a couple of locations such as Darling Harbour . Although Kings Cross is not technically located within the Sydney CBD, it is accessible via William Street, which runs through Hyde Park and is part of the inner-city region. Oxford Street hosts Sydney's gay scene. The Sydney CBD contains many of Australia's tallest skyscrapers, including Governor Phillip Tower , 25 Martin Place and World Tower ,

2295-680: Was completed in 1898 on the site of the old Sydney markets. In the midst of World War I , on Valentine's Day, riots racked the CBD, in what has come to be known as the Central Station Riots of 1916. A substantial segment of the violence was concentrated in the Central area. These riots involved five thousand military recruits who refused to comply with extraneous parade orders. During the riots, they caused significant damage to buildings. People with "foreign" names were especially targeted. The recruits clashed with soldiers, resulting in

2346-468: Was criticised by unions and some staff for spending $ 1,246,000 fitting out its new offices with indoor plants. The expenditure was not supported by the planning minister, Rob Stokes . In April 2020, the Regions, Industry, Agriculture and Resources division of DPIE was spun out as the Department of Regional NSW , a separate government department. On 21 December 2021, the reduced DPIE was renamed back

2397-458: Was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Sydney Cove offered a fresh water supply and Port Jackson a safe harbour, which Phillip described as: "being without exception the finest Harbour in the World". With the expansion of European settlement large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with

2448-459: Was outlined in Planning for Growing NSW: 2015–2017 that aimed to plan for growth by inspiring strong communities and by protecting the environment. In keeping with this, the department's priorities were: Sydney CBD The Sydney central business district ( CBD ) is the historical and main commercial centre of Sydney . The CBD is Sydney's city centre , or Sydney City , and

2499-487: Was requisitioned and converted to accommodate the first Parliament House in 1829, as it was the largest building available in Sydney at the time. In 1840 the Sydney City Council was established. Australia's first parliamentary elections were conducted for the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1843. Macquarie set aside a large portion of land for an Anglican Cathedral and laid the foundation stone for

2550-495: Was the Sydney Female Refuge Society set up to care for prostitutes in 1848. An academy of art formed in 1870 and the present Art Gallery of New South Wales building began construction in 1896. Inspired by the works of French impressionism , artists camps formed around the foreshores of Sydney Harbour in the 1880s. The Romanesque landmark Queen Victoria Building (QVB), designed by George McRae ,

2601-475: Was transferred to the new Department of Regional NSW in April 2020. The department was responsible to the cluster's three portfolio ministers: at the time of its dissolution, the Minister for the Environment , Minister for Climate Change , Minister for Energy , and Minister for Heritage , the Hon. Penny Sharpe MLC; the Minister for Water , the Hon. Rose Jackson MLC; the Minister for Local Government ,

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