114-543: (Redirected from Ni River ) Ni , NI or N-I may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Ni, or Nishada, the seventh note of the Indian musical scale in raga New Internationalist , a magazine Knights Who Say "Ni!" , characters from the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail Businesses [ edit ] National Instruments ,
228-510: A landslide margin , winning 84.65 percent of the vote. Nuevas Ideas won another supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, winning 54 of 60 seats. Nuevas Ideas is a big tent political party, rejecting both left-wing and right-wing labels, and Bukele portrays the party as a Third Way . Meanwhile, Bukele himself has been described as a conservative and has been supported by conservatives abroad. The party's primary platform
342-586: A "masculine" rāga. These are envisioned to parallel the god-goddess themes in Hinduism, and described variously by different medieval Indian music scholars. For example, the Sangita-darpana text of 15th-century Damodara Misra proposes six rāgas with thirty ragini , creating a system of thirty six, a system that became popular in Rajasthan . In the north Himalayan regions such as Himachal Pradesh ,
456-543: A "mixture of true believers and opportunists", are united in their loyalty to Bukele. He added that a senior United States official remarked that "Bukele is the Party". Óscar Picardo Joao of El Faro described Nuevas Ideas as a " cult of Bukele's personality " ( culto a la personalidad de Bukele ), adding that "[Bukele] is the center of everything, and everything starts from him and revolves around his agenda" ( [Bukele] es el centro de todo, y todo parte de él y gira en torno
570-496: A U.S. producer of automated test equipment and virtual instrumentation software National Insurance , a system of taxes and related social security benefits in the United Kingdom Native Instruments , a music software production company News International , a British newspaper publisher Portugália airline (IATA code NI) Language [ edit ] Ni (letter) , or Nu, a letter in
684-409: A close friend of Bukele, was the party's first president (then known as the secretary-general), serving from 2018 to 2020. Yusef Bukele , one of Nayib Bukele's brothers, was considered to be a popular choice to succeed Anliker as the party's president but he declined to seek the position. In March 2020, Anliker was succeeded as the party's president by Xavier Zablah , a cousin of Bukele. Zablah won
798-577: A conservative politician, while he and his policies have been supported by conservatives abroad, particularly those from the United States and in Latin America. Before the party gained political representation, Nuevas Ideas sought to disrupt what it perceived as the political status quo . The party's primary platform is combatting corruption , clientelism , and cronyism ; a common phrase reiterated by Bukele and by Nuevas Ideas
912-406: A different intensity of mood. A rāga has a given set of notes, on a scale, ordered in melodies with musical motifs. A musician playing a rāga , states Bruno Nettl , may traditionally use just these notes but is free to emphasize or improvise certain degrees of the scale. The Indian tradition suggests a certain sequencing of how the musician moves from note to note for each rāga , in order for
1026-588: A disease when the mother has antibodies against the blood type of the newborn Other uses [ edit ] NI Tank , a Russian military vehicle N-I (rocket) , a Japanese rocket based on the U.S. Delta/Thor family Nishan-e-Imtiaz , a Pakistani civilian decoration Nishan-e-Iqbal , a decoration awarded by the Royal House of Rampur, India Non-Inscrits (NI), members of the European Parliament not enrolled in any political group of
1140-466: A given mode or a given melody; it is mode with added multiple specialities". A rāga is a central concept of Indian music, predominant in its expression, yet the concept has no direct Western translation. According to Walter Kaufmann, though a remarkable and prominent feature of Indian music, a definition of rāga cannot be offered in one or two sentences. rāga is a fusion of technical and ideational ideas found in music, and may be roughly described as
1254-529: A logo consisting of the white silhouette of a swallow ; the white swallow was the logo of GANA at the time. Although Bukele is the founder and leader of Nuevas Ideas, he does not hold an official position within Nuevas Ideas. The party's leadership structure consists of the presidency, the national council, and the national convention. The presidency holds political, executive, and administrative authority and exerts supervision over party affairs to achieve
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#17327646971091368-681: A member of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA), but he continued to use Nuevas Ideas branding throughout his campaign. He won the election with 53 percent of the vote and assumed office on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president in 30 years to not be a member of the country's two largest political parties: the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) or the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). During
1482-401: A musical entity that includes note intonation, relative duration and order, in a manner similar to how words flexibly form phrases to create an atmosphere of expression. In some cases, certain rules are considered obligatory, in others optional. The rāga allows flexibility, where the artist may rely on simple expression, or may add ornamentations yet express the same essential message but evoke
1596-485: A musical framework within which to improvise. Improvisation by the musician involves creating sequences of notes allowed by the rāga in keeping with rules specific to the rāga . Rāga s range from small rāga s like Bahar and Shahana that are not much more than songs to big rāga s like Malkauns , Darbari and Yaman , which have great scope for improvisation and for which performances can last over an hour. Rāga s may change over time, with an example being Marwa ,
1710-600: A musician to construct a state of experience in the audience. The word appears in the ancient Principal Upanishads of Hinduism , as well as the Bhagavad Gita . For example, verse 3.5 of the Maitri Upanishad and verse 2.2.9 of the Mundaka Upanishad contain the word rāga . The Mundaka Upanishad uses it in its discussion of soul (Atman-Brahman) and matter (Prakriti), with the sense that
1824-513: A natural existence. Artists do not invent them, they only discover them. Music appeals to human beings, according to Hinduism, because they are hidden harmonies of the ultimate creation. Some of its ancient texts such as the Sama Veda (~1000 BCE) are structured entirely to melodic themes, it is sections of Rigveda set to music. The rāgas were envisioned by the Hindus as manifestation of
1938-462: A new political movement. On 25 October 2017, Bukele announced the establishment of a new political party , Nuevas Ideas ( Spanish for "New Ideas"), on social media such as Facebook and YouTube . Bukele stated that the party sought to remove the established political parties—particularly the FMLN and the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA)—from their established power. Bukele claimed that
2052-564: A political party bearing Nuevas Ideas' which used its same cyan logo, beginning the process of registering the party with Guatemala's Supreme Electoral Court . Nuevas Ideas denied any association with the Guatemalan political party, and spokesman José Navarro told El Faro that "Nuevas Ideas is only here in El Salvador". In 2018, the party established Nuevas Ideas USA, a branch of the party to rally support among Salvadorans living in
2166-719: A river of New Caledonia Ni River (Virginia) , a tributary of the Mattaponi River Mount Ni , a hill in Shandong, China Nicaragua (ISO 3166 NI) .ni , Nicaragua's internet domain Norfolk Island , an external territory of Australia North Island , one of the two main islands of New Zealand Northern Ireland , a constituent country of the United Kingdom Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen ; ISO 3166 code DE-NI),
2280-462: A series of empirical experiments he did with the Veena , then compared what he heard, noting the relationship of fifth intervals as a function of intentionally induced change to the instrument's tuning. Bharata states that certain combinations of notes are pleasant, and certain others are not so. His methods of experimenting with the instrument triggered further work by ancient Indian scholars, leading to
2394-414: A significant spike in homicides in the prior three days, the Legislative Assembly voted to declare a state of exception for thirty days. The state of exception, which has led to a large-scale gang crackdown , has since been extended seventeen times and has resulted in over 73,800 arrests as of 9 November 2023 and up to 152 deaths in custody as of as of 16 May 2023 . In October 2022,
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#17327646971092508-503: A span of three days and turned in 2,000 books of signatures to the TSE. The TSE accepted 176,076 signatures as valid in late-June 2018, but the party was not legally registered until 21 August 2018. As Bukele believed that the party would not be registered in time for the presidential election, he decided to run for president as a member of Democratic Change (CD), but the TSE disqualified the party as it failed to earn more than 50,000 votes in
2622-461: A state of Germany Science and technology [ edit ] Nickel , symbol Ni, a chemical element Ampere-turns , sometimes abbreviated NI Natural insemination i.e. sexual intercourse , in contrast to artificial insemination Nitrogen Triiodide , a sensitive contact explosive Natural intelligence , a term used to contrast intelligence found in nature, particularly in man, from artificial intelligence Neonatal isoerythrolysis ,
2736-545: A su agenda ). Nuevas Ideas' primary color is cyan , specifically process cyan, and its secondary color is white . The party officially renders its name Nuevas Ideas in all caps in the Kollektif Bold font. Its logo is a capital letter N , also in the Kollektif Bold font. The party's "N" logo has been sometimes referred to as "the N of Nayib" (" la N de Nayib ") or simply "the N" (" la N "). During Bukele's 2019 presidential campaign, Nuevas Ideas also used
2850-580: Is "money is enough when nobody steals" (" el dinero alcanza cuando nadie roba "). Nuevas Ideas does not have any definite geopolitical positions regarding favoring relations with the United States or China . The party supports the reunification of Central America . Nuevas Ideas has been described as a grassroots , anti-establishment , and populist political party. The party utilizes social media—among them, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok —to communicate with and contact
2964-465: Is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a melodic mode . Rāga is central to classical Indian music. Each rāga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, from the perspective of the Indian tradition, the resulting music has the ability to "colour the mind" as it engages the emotions of the audience. Each rāga provides the musician with
3078-408: Is a more structured team performance, typically with a call and response musical structure, similar to an intimate conversation. It includes two or more musical instruments, and incorporates various rāgas such as those associated with Hindu gods Shiva ( Bhairav ) or Krishna ( Hindola ). The early 13th century Sanskrit text Sangitaratnakara , by Sarngadeva patronized by King Sighana of
3192-838: Is also very close to it, states Emmie te Nijenhuis, with the difference that each sruti computes to 54.5 cents, while the Greek enharmonic quarter-tone system computes to 55 cents. The text discusses gramas ( scales ) and murchanas ( modes ), mentioning three scales of seven modes (21 total), some Greek modes are also like them . However, the Gandhara-grama is just mentioned in Natyashastra , while its discussion largely focuses on two scales, fourteen modes and eight four tanas ( notes ). The text also discusses which scales are best for different forms of performance arts. These musical elements are organized into scales ( mela ), and
3306-473: Is best in spring, Pancama in summer, Sadjagrama and Takka during the monsoons, Bhinnasadja is best in early winter, and Kaisika in late winter. In the 13th century, Sarngadeva went further and associated rāga with rhythms of each day and night. He associated pure and simple rāgas to early morning, mixed and more complex rāgas to late morning, skillful rāgas to noon, love-themed and passionate rāgas to evening, and universal rāgas to night. In
3420-571: Is conceptually similar to the 12th century Guidonian hand in European music. The study that mathematically arranges rhythms and modes ( rāga ) has been called prastāra (matrix).( Khan 1996 , p. 89, Quote: "… the Sanskrit word prastāra , … means mathematical arrangement of rhythms and modes. In the Indian system of music there are about the 500 modes and 300 different rhythms which are used in everyday music. The modes are called Ragas.") In
3534-455: Is considered a manifestation of Kama (god of love), typically through Krishna . Hindola is also linked to the festival of dola , which is more commonly known as "spring festival of colors" or Holi . This idea of aesthetic symbolism has also been expressed in Hindu temple reliefs and carvings, as well as painting collections such as the ragamala . In ancient and medieval Indian literature,
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3648-421: Is intimately related to tala or guidance about "division of time", with each unit called a matra (beat, and duration between beats). A rāga is not a tune, because the same rāga can yield an infinite number of tunes. A rāga is not a scale, because many rāgas can be based on the same scale. A rāga , according to Bruno Nettl and other music scholars, is a concept similar to a mode, something between
3762-462: Is its claim of combatting corruption in El Salvador and it is seen as anti-establishment . According to Anna-Catherine Brigida and Mary Beth Sheridan of The Washington Post , the party is "based more on his [Bukele's] image and performance than on a traditional political ideology". Jonathan Blitzer of The New Yorker described Nuevas Ideas government officials as being united in their loyalty to Bukele. Óscar Picardo Joao of El Faro described
3876-498: Is no longer in use today because the 'related' rāgas had very little or no similarity and the rāga-rāginī classification did not agree with various other schemes. The North Indian rāga system is also called Hindustani , while the South Indian system is commonly referred to as Carnatic . The North Indian system suggests a particular time of a day or a season, in the belief that the human state of psyche and mind are affected by
3990-477: Is probably a pronunciation of rāga . According to Hormoz Farhat , it is unclear how this term came to Persia, it has no meaning in modern Persian language, and the concept of rāga is unknown in Persia. Nuevas Ideas [REDACTED] Nuevas Ideas (English: New Ideas ; abbreviated N or NI ) is the ruling political party of El Salvador . The party was founded on 25 October 2017 by Nayib Bukele ,
4104-834: Is recognizably the same. Some rāgas are common to both systems but have different names, such as malkos of Hindustani system is recognizably the same as hindolam of Carnatic system. However, some rāgas are named the same in the two systems, but they are different, such as todi . Recently, a 32 thaat system was presented in a book Nai Vaigyanik Paddhati to correct the classification of ragas in North Indian style. Rāgas that have four svaras are called surtara (सुरतर) (tetra tonic) rāgas; those with five svaras are called audava (औडव) (pentatonic) rāgas; those with six are called shaadava (षाडव) (hex-tonic); and those with seven are called sampurna (संपूर्ण, Sanskrit for 'complete') (heptatonic). The number of svaras may differ in
4218-422: Is too simplistic. According to them, a rāga of the ancient Indian tradition can be compared to the concept of non-constructible set in language for human communication, in a manner described by Frederik Kortlandt and George van Driem ; audiences familiar with raga recognize and evaluate performances of them intuitively. The attempt to appreciate, understand and explain rāga among European scholars started in
4332-654: The Dattilam section of Brihaddeshi has survived into the modern times, but the details of ancient music scholars mentioned in the extant text suggest a more established tradition by the time this text was composed. The same essential idea and prototypical framework is found in ancient Hindu texts, such as the Naradiyasiksa and the classic Sanskrit work Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni , whose chronology has been estimated to sometime between 500 BCE and 500 CE, probably between 200 BCE and 200 CE. Bharata describes
4446-528: The Panchatantra . Indian classical music has ancient roots, and developed for both spiritual ( moksha ) and entertainment ( kama ) purposes. Rāga , along with performance arts such as dance and music, has been historically integral to Hinduism, with some Hindus believing that music is itself a spiritual pursuit and a means to moksha (liberation). Rāgas , in the Hindu tradition, are believed to have
4560-402: The 2015 legislative and municipal elections . Bukele then sought to run for president as a member of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA), winning the party's presidential nomination on 29 July 2018. Although Bukele officially ran for president as a member of GANA, he continued to use Nuevas Ideas branding throughout his campaign. Opinion polling gave Bukele consistent leads against
4674-637: The 2021 legislative election , Nuevas Ideas won a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly , winning 56 of 84 seats. The party also won 152 of the country's 262 municipalities and 14 of the country's 20 seats in the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN). Ahead of the upcoming 2024 general election , Bukele announced that was running for re-election, which was considered unconstitutional by legal experts and diplomatic officials, and Nuevas Ideas leadership stated that
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4788-718: The Center-Democratic Integration Group (GPICD). Carlos René Hernández Castillo, a member of Nuevas Ideas, serves as the GPICD's leader. On 3 September 2021, the Supreme Court judges who were appointed by Nuevas Ideas in May 2021 ruled that the president of El Salvador is eligible to run for re-election consecutively, making Bukele eligible to run for re-election in the 2024 general election . On 15 September 2022, Bukele officially announced that he
4902-577: The Yoga Sutras II.7, rāga is defined as the desire for pleasure based on remembering past experiences of pleasure. Memory triggers the wish to repeat those experiences, leading to attachment. Ego is seen as the root of this attachment, and memory is necessary for attachment to form. Even when not consciously remembered, past impressions can unconsciously draw the mind toward objects of pleasure. According to Cris Forster, mathematical studies on systematizing and analyzing South Indian rāga began in
5016-501: The rāga are described as manifestation and symbolism for gods and goddesses. Music is discussed as equivalent to the ritual yajna sacrifice, with pentatonic and hexatonic notes such as "ni-dha-pa-ma-ga-ri" as Agnistoma , "ri-ni-dha-pa-ma-ga as Asvamedha , and so on. In the Middle Ages, music scholars of India began associating each rāga with seasons. The 11th century Nanyadeva, for example, recommends that Hindola rāga
5130-536: The vadi than to other notes. The samvadi is consonant with the vadi (always from the anga that does not contain the vadi) and is the second most prominent svara in the raga. The Sanskrit word rāga (Sanskrit: राग ) has Indian roots, as *reg- which connotes "to dye". Cognates are found in Greek , Persian , Khwarezmian and other languages, such as "raxt", "rang", "rakt" and others. The words "red" and "rado" are also related. According to Monier Monier-Williams ,
5244-470: The 16th century. Computational studies of rāgas is an active area of musicology. Although notes are an important part of rāga practice, they alone do not make the rāga. A rāga is more than a scale, and many rāgas share the same scale. The underlying scale may have four , five , six or seven tones , called svaras . The svara concept is found in the ancient Natya Shastra in Chapter 28. It calls
5358-558: The ARENA and FMLN presidential candidates, with several giving him over 50 percent support. Bukele ultimately won the 2019 election with 53.10 percent of the vote, foregoing the need for a second round. He was inaugurated on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president since José Napoleón Duarte of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) left office in 1989 to not be a member of either ARENA or the FMLN. Although Bukele
5472-516: The Buddhist monkhood. Among these is the precept recommending "abstain from dancing, singing, music and worldly spectacles". Buddhism does not forbid music or dance to a Buddhist layperson, but its emphasis has been on chants, not on musical rāga . A rāga is sometimes explained as a melodic rule set that a musician works with, but according to Dorottya Fabian and others, this is now generally accepted among music scholars to be an explanation that
5586-676: The Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice if Bukele being expelled from the FMLN, rather than resigning or legally changing political affiliation, would make him a defector and disqualify him from running for public office. By legal requirement, Nuevas Ideas had to collect 50,000 signatures to be legally registered as a political party by the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE). On 8 May 2018, Nuevas Ideas collected 200,000 signatures within
5700-647: The European Parliament Nuevas Ideas (NI), a Salvadoran political party Introverted intuition, one of eight cognitive functions postulated by the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "ni" or "n-i" on Misplaced Pages. Nee (disambiguation) NL (disambiguation) N1 (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
5814-521: The Greek alphabet: uppercase Ν, lowercase ν Ni (kana) , romanisation of the Japanese kana に and ニ Ni (cuneiform) , a sign in cuneiform writing Names [ edit ] Ni (surname) (倪), a Chinese surname Ní , a surname prefix from the shortened form of the Irish word for a daughter Ni, female prefix to some Balinese names Places [ edit ] Ni River (New Caledonia) ,
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#17327646971095928-566: The Islamic rule period of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in and after the 15th century, the mystical Islamic tradition of Sufism developed devotional songs and music called qawwali . It incorporated elements of rāga and tāla . The Buddha discouraged music aimed at entertainment to monks for higher spiritual attainment, but encouraged chanting of sacred hymns. The various canonical Tripitaka texts of Buddhism, for example, state Dasha-shila or ten precepts for those following
6042-1536: The Janaka rāgas using a combination of the swarams (usually a subset of swarams) from the parent rāga. Some janya rāgas are Abheri , Abhogi , Bhairavi , Hindolam , Mohanam and Kambhoji . In this 21st century few composers have discovered new ragas . Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna who has created raga in three notes Ragas such as Mahathi, Lavangi, Sidhdhi, Sumukham that he created have only four notes, A list of Janaka Ragas would include Kanakangi , Ratnangi , Ganamurthi, Vanaspathi , Manavathi , Thanarupi, Senavathi, Hanumatodi , Dhenuka , Natakapriya , Kokilapriya , Rupavati , Gayakapriya , Vakulabharanam , Mayamalavagowla , Chakravakam , Suryakantam , Hatakambari , Jhankaradhvani , Natabhairavi , Keeravani , Kharaharapriya , Gourimanohari , Varunapriya , Mararanjani , Charukesi , Sarasangi , Harikambhoji , Sankarabharanam , Naganandini , Yagapriya , Ragavardhini , Gangeyabhushani , Vagadheeswari , Shulini , Chalanata , Salagam , Jalarnavam , Jhalavarali , Navaneetam , Pavani . Classical music has been transmitted through music schools or through Guru –Shishya parampara (teacher–student tradition) through an oral tradition and practice. Some are known as gharana (houses), and their performances are staged through sabhas (music organizations). Each gharana has freely improvised over time, and differences in
6156-458: The Legislative Assembly in what was described by the opposition as an "attempted coup ". On 19 July 2020, Nuevas Ideas held its primary elections to determine the party's candidates for the upcoming 2021 legislative election , the first election in which the party participated. Candidates for the Legislative Assembly, the country's 262 municipalities , and the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) were elected via electronic voting . During
6270-440: The Legislative Assembly granted both Bukele and Ulloa leaves of absence so that they could both focus on their re-election campaign; the Legislative Assembly voted to appoint Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara , a member of Nuevas Ideas, as acting president. Prior to the primaries, some members of Nuevas Ideas claimed that there were "irregularities" (" irregularidades ") present in the party's primary elections. They criticized that
6384-487: The Legislative Assembly, 44 mayors, and 20 deputies to PARLACEN. On 26 October 2023, Nuevas Ideas officially began the process to register Bukele and Ulloa's presidential and vice presidential candidacies, respectively. Both of their candidacies were registered by the TSE on 3 November 2023 with four of the five TSE magistrates voting in favor. Their candidacies were approved amidst various requests by opposition groups to have their candidacies rejected. On 30 November 2023,
6498-425: The Legislative Assembly, but after the reduction of both seats in the Legislative Assembly and number of municipalities, Castro stated that the party aimed to win all 60 seats on the legislature and all 44 municipalities; Castro's revised projections were criticized by opposition politicians. During the primaries, Nuevas Ideas members voted to select the party's candidates for president, vice president, 60 deputies to
6612-644: The Legislative Assembly, 152 municipalities, and 14 seats in PARLACEN. The 13th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2021. Nuevas Ideas, already holding a majority in the legislature, formed a government with GANA, the Christian Democratic Party, and the National Coalition Party (PCN). The government held 64 seats in the Legislative Assembly, which some described as a supermajority . Ernesto Castro
6726-402: The N". Throughout the 2021 election campaign, various opinion polls gave Nuevas Ideas significant leads over the other political parties, with some polls giving the party well over 60 percent support. Nuevas Ideas formed an electoral coalition with GANA during the 2021 election, and both parties won a combined two-thirds of all votes cast in the election. In total, Nuevas Ideas won 56 seats in
6840-627: The Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly passed the Special Law for the Exercise of Suffrage Abroad which allowed Salvadorans living outside of the country to vote in the 2024 elections for the presidency and the Legislative Assembly. In December 2022, Bukele tweeted that he believed that the country's 262 municipalities should be reduced to 50. In February 2023, Castro not only confirmed that Nuevas Ideas
6954-487: The Rotterdam Conservatory of Music defined rāga as a "tonal framework for composition and improvisation." Nazir Jairazbhoy , chairman of UCLA 's department of ethnomusicology , characterized rāgas as separated by scale, line of ascent and descent, transilience , emphasized notes and register, and intonation and ornaments . Rāginī ( Devanagari : रागिनी) is a term for the "feminine" counterpart of
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#17327646971097068-404: The South Indian system of rāga works with 72 scales, as first discussed by Caturdandi prakashika . They are divided into two groups, purvanga and uttaranga , depending on the nature of the lower tetrachord. The anga itself has six cycles ( cakra ), where the purvanga or lower tetrachord is anchored, while there are six permutations of uttaranga suggested to the artist. After this system
7182-641: The Yadava dynasty in the North-Central Deccan region (today a part of Maharashtra ), mentions and discusses 253 rāgas . This is one of the most complete historic treatises on the structure, technique and reasoning behind rāgas that has survived. The tradition of incorporating rāga into spiritual music is also found in Jainism , and in Sikhism , an Indian religion founded by Guru Nanak in
7296-579: The allegations, saying on Twitter "they accuse us of violating the terrorists' [the gang members'] human rights . Now they say we give them privileges? Show me a privilege. Only one" (" Nos acusan de violar derechos humanos de los terroristas. ¿Ahora dicen que les damos privilegios? Muéstrenme un privilegio. Uno solo "), posting images of gang members in cramped conditions during an April 2020 prison crackdown. Some media outlets and Salvadoran voters alleged that, during election day, gang members were present outside of voting stations telling voters to "vote for
7410-554: The ancient texts of Hinduism, the term for the technical mode part of rāga was jati . Later, jati evolved to mean quantitative class of scales, while rāga evolved to become a more sophisticated concept that included the experience of the audience. A figurative sense of the word as 'passion, love, desire, delight' is also found in the Mahabharata . The specialized sense of 'loveliness, beauty', especially of voice or song, emerges in classical Sanskrit , used by Kalidasa and in
7524-469: The ascending and descending like rāga Bhimpalasi which has five notes in the ascending and seven notes in descending or Khamaj with six notes in the ascending and seven in the descending. Rāgas differ in their ascending or descending movements. Those that do not follow the strict ascending or descending order of svaras are called vakra (वक्र) ('crooked') rāgas. In Carnatic music , the principal rāgas are called Melakarthas , which literally means "lord of
7638-639: The concept of rāga is shared by both. Rāga is also found in Sikh traditions such as in Guru Granth Sahib , the primary scripture of Sikhism . Similarly, it is a part of the qawwali tradition in Sufi Islamic communities of South Asia . Some popular Indian film songs and ghazals use rāgas in their composition. Every raga has a svara (a note or named pitch) called shadja , or adhara sadja, whose pitch may be chosen arbitrarily by
7752-564: The country's electoral code. In the 2024 election, Bukele won re-election with a landslide margin, winning 84.65 percent of the vote. The party also won another supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, winning 54 of 60 seats. On 1 June 2024, Bukele was sworn in for the second five-year term. In its party statutes, Nuevas Ideas describes itself as " democratic , decentralized, plural, inclusive, [and] without obsolete ideologies" (" democrático, descentralizado, plural, inclusivo, [y] sin ideologías obsoletas "). It also claims to fight for
7866-457: The country's legal system. On 31 July 2023, Nuevas Ideas suspended the legislative candidacy of Rebeca Santos after videos surfaced allegedly showing Santos' staffers soliciting party members for codes to vote in her favor. After Santos' candidacy was canceled and García resigned from the Legislative Assembly, both of their candidacies were replaced by Sandra Martínez and Norma Lobo, both incumbent deputies who failed to receive enough votes during
7980-437: The development of successive permutations, as well as theories of musical note inter-relationships, interlocking scales and how this makes the listener feel. Bharata discusses Bhairava , Kaushika , Hindola , Dipaka , SrI-rāga , and Megha . Bharata states that these can to trigger a certain affection and the ability to "color the emotional state" in the audience. His encyclopedic Natya Shastra links his studies on music to
8094-465: The divine, a musical note treated as god or goddess with complex personality. During the Bhakti movement of Hinduism, dated to about the middle of 1st millennium CE, rāga became an integral part of a musical pursuit of spirituality. Bhajan and kirtan were composed and performed by the early South India pioneers. A bhajan has a free form devotional composition based on melodic rāgas . A Kirtan
8208-439: The domains of tune and scale, and it is best conceptualized as a "unique array of melodic features, mapped to and organized for a unique aesthetic sentiment in the listener". The goal of a rāga and its artist is to create rasa (essence, feeling, atmosphere) with music, as classical Indian dance does with performance arts. In the Indian tradition, classical dances are performed with music set to various rāgas . Joep Bor of
8322-404: The early colonial period. In 1784, Jones translated it as "mode" of European music tradition, but Willard corrected him in 1834 with the statement that a rāga is both modet and tune. In 1933, states José Luiz Martinez – a professor of music, Stern refined this explanation to "the rāga is more fixed than mode, less fixed than the melody, beyond the mode and short of melody, and richer both than
8436-452: The first that is "sa" , and the fifth that is "pa" , are considered anchors that are unalterable, while the remaining have flavors that differs between the two major systems. The music theory in the Natyashastra , states Maurice Winternitz, centers around three themes – sound, rhythm and prosody applied to musical texts. The text asserts that the octave has 22 srutis or micro-intervals of musical tones or 1200 cents. Ancient Greek system
8550-420: The government US$ 250 million per year. Meanwhile, opposition figures have described the reductions as a power grab, a concentration of power, and an attempt by Nuevas Ideas to give itself an electoral advantage. On 31 July 2023, Nuevas Ideas deputy Erick García resigned from the Legislative Assembly after allegations were made against him by Alejandro Muyshondt , a presidential national security advisor, that he
8664-409: The judges had previously issued "arbitrary" decisions. The Legislative Assembly then voted to remove Attorney General Raúl Melara. The judges and attorney general were replaced by supporters of Bukele the following day. The event was described by opposition politicians as a coup, a self-coup , and a power grab. In June 2021, the Legislative Assembly passed a law to make bitcoin legal tender;
8778-475: The law went into effect on 7 September 2021. In October 2021, Bukele and Nuevas Ideas accused two of its deputies in the Legislative Assembly of negotiating with the United States embassy in San Salvador to fracture Nuevas Ideas and oppose Bukele's political agenda. The embassy and both deputies denied the allegations, but both deputies were expelled from the party regardless. On 27 March 2022, following
8892-405: The legislature and diminish the political participation of smaller political parties. On 13 June 2023, the Legislative Assembly approved a proposal submitted by Bukele to reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44. Deputies of Nuevas Ideas argued that the reductions would "generate a more equitable distribution of wealth", improve the quality of life for people in each municipality, and save
9006-652: The music scholars such as 16th century Mesakarna expanded this system to include eight descendants to each rāga , thereby creating a system of eighty four. After the 16th-century, the system expanded still further. In Sangita-darpana , the Bhairava rāga is associated with the following raginis: Bhairavi, Punyaki, Bilawali, Aslekhi, Bangali. In the Meskarna system, the masculine and feminine musical notes are combined to produce putra rāgas called Harakh, Pancham, Disakh, Bangal, Madhu, Madhava, Lalit, Bilawal. This system
9120-644: The northwest of the Indian subcontinent. In the Sikh scripture, the texts are attached to a rāga and are sung according to the rules of that rāga . According to Pashaura Singh – a professor of Sikh and Punjabi studies, the rāga and tala of ancient Indian traditions were carefully selected and integrated by the Sikh Gurus into their hymns. They also picked from the "standard instruments used in Hindu musical traditions" for singing kirtans in Sikhism. During
9234-450: The party aimed to win all 60 seats in the Legislative Assembly. In October 2022, the Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly passed a law to allow Salvadoran expatriates to vote in the election . In June 2023, it passed two proposals made by Bukele to reduce the number of legislative seats from 84 to 60 as well as reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44; both actions were described as a consolidation of power. Bukele won re-election by
9348-443: The party as Bukele's cult of personality . The party's primary colors are cyan and white , and its logo is a capital letter N , sometimes called "the N of Nayib" (" la N de Nayib "). The party, described as being populist , utilizes social media outlets to rally support among young voters and to spread pro-government and anti-opposition propaganda . As of 2019, the party has 507,633 members. On 10 October 2017, Nayib Bukele ,
9462-403: The party was presenting single-candidate primaries and promoting Bukele's family members for municipal races. On 1 July 2023, the party's National Electoral Commission announced that it would open an internal investigation process to guarantee that the party's statutes and regulations were followed and that those who attempted to manipulate the electoral process would be punished and turned over to
9576-465: The party's ethics commission. In September 2020, the El Faro digital newspaper alleged that Bukele had entered into secret negotiations with Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street gang , two of the country's largest criminal gangs, to reduce the country's murder rate and vote for Nuevas Ideas in the 2021 election in exchange for repealing anti-gang laws and relaxing security in prisons. Bukele denied
9690-440: The party's goals; the national council defines the party's political strategy and ensures organizational functionality; the national convention ensures that all of the party's bodies, leaders, and members abide by its resolutions and agreements. In addition to the party's national leadership structure, Nuevas Ideas has smaller bodies and structures at the country's departmental and municipal levels. Federico Gerardo Anliker López,
9804-565: The party's internal election with 31,476 votes, defeating Isabel Monje's 3,806 votes and Israel Juárez's 868 votes. Nuevas Ideas' headquarters is located at 21-A. Col. Miramonte on Bernal Avenue and Las Oscuranas Street in San Salvador , the country's capital city. As of 2019, the party has 507,633 members. Nuevas Ideas has offices located in Guatemala and Honduras. In July 2021, Guatemalan lawyer José Luis Araneda Cintrón established
9918-453: The party's presidential and vice presidential candidate, respectively, receiving 44,398 votes. The party originally scheduled to hold its primary elections on 2 July 2023, but after the reductions of municipalities and legislative seats was approved in June 2023, the party postponed its primary elections to 9 July 2023. In December 2022, Castro stated that Nuevas Ideas aimed to win 70 seats in
10032-438: The performance arts, and it has been influential in Indian performance arts tradition. The other ancient text, Naradiyasiksa dated to be from the 1st century BCE, discusses secular and religious music, compares the respective musical notes. This is earliest known text that reverentially names each musical note to be a deity, describing it in terms of varna (colours) and other motifs such as parts of fingers, an approach that
10146-433: The performance to create a rasa (mood, atmosphere, essence, inner feeling) that is unique to each rāga . A rāga can be written on a scale. Theoretically, thousands of rāga are possible given 5 or more notes, but in practical use, the classical tradition has refined and typically relies on several hundred. For most artists, their basic perfected repertoire has some forty to fifty rāgas . Rāga in Indian classical music
10260-495: The performer. This is taken to mark the beginning and end of the saptak (loosely, octave). The raga also contains an adhista, which is either the svara Ma or the svara Pa . The adhista divides the octave into two parts or anga – the purvanga , which contains lower notes, and the uttaranga , which contains higher notes. Every raga has a vadi and a samvadi . The vadi is the most prominent svara, which means that an improvising musician emphasizes or pays more attention to
10374-404: The political system would seek to hinder his presidential candidacy. Fernando Argíello Téllez, a magistrate of the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE), believed that it could be viable that the party would be registered in time for the 2019 presidential election, adding that it "does not have any restriction at this moment" (" no tiene ninguna restricción en este momento "). Regardless, the TSE asked
10488-431: The primaries, 150 complaints of fraud were issued alleging that some candidates had purchased chips to register more than one vote. Douglas Rodríguez, the secretary of the party's National Electoral Commission (CNE), confirmed that some candidates had bought chips and validated them. The CNE confirmed that it would seek the identities of candidates involved in buying chips and would hand over cases with sufficient evidence to
10602-478: The primaries. In June 2023, some Nuevas Ideas politicians began to promote their electoral campaigns prior to the beginning of the official campaigning period outlined by the TSE for October 2023 to February 2024. Politicians posted images and messages on Twitter and purchased online advertising through Google Ads . Ruth Eleonora López, the chief of Cristosal's anti-corruption committee, criticized their campaigns as illegal, stating that they violated article 172 of
10716-624: The primary development of which has been going down into the lower octave, in contrast with the traditional middle octave. Each rāga traditionally has an emotional significance and symbolic associations such as with season, time and mood. Rāgas are considered a means in the Indian musical tradition for evoking specific feelings in listeners. Hundreds of rāgas are recognized in the classical tradition, of which about 30 are common, and each rāga has its "own unique melodic personality". There are two main classical music traditions, Hindustani ( North Indian ) and Carnatic ( South Indian ), and
10830-525: The public, spread pro-government and anti-opposition propaganda , and rally support among young voters. Nuevas Ideas has been described as being Bukelist , adhering to Bukele's political ideology and agenda. According to Anna-Catherine Brigida and Mary Beth Sheridan of The Washington Post , the party is "based more on his [Bukele's] image and performance than on a traditional political ideology". Jonathan Blitzer of The New Yorker stated that Nuevas Ideas government officials, which he described as
10944-543: The rendering of each rāga is discernible. In the Indian musical schooling tradition, the small group of students lived near or with the teacher, the teacher treated them as family members providing food and boarding, and a student learnt various aspects of music thereby continuing the musical knowledge of their guru . The tradition survives in parts of India, and many musicians can trace their guru lineage. The music concept of rāk or rang (meaning “colour”) in Persian
11058-421: The rights of all citizens. Nuevas Ideas rejects both left and right-wing labels; Nuevas Ideas is a big tent political party, and Bukele portrays the party as a Third Way . Although the party has described itself as being progressive , Nuevas Ideas has also been described as being center-left , left-wing , conservative , center-right , and right-wing . Bukele himself has also been described as
11172-401: The scale". It is also called Asraya rāga meaning "shelter giving rāga", or Janaka rāga meaning "father rāga". A Thaata in the South Indian tradition are groups of derivative rāgas , which are called Janya rāgas meaning "begotten rāgas" or Asrita rāgas meaning "sheltered rāgas". However, these terms are approximate and interim phrases during learning, as the relationships between
11286-617: The seasons and by daily biological cycles and nature's rhythms. The South Indian system is closer to the text, and places less emphasis on time or season. The symbolic role of classical music through rāga has been both aesthetic indulgence and the spiritual purifying of one's mind (yoga). The former is encouraged in Kama literature (such as Kamasutra ), while the latter appears in Yoga literature with concepts such as "Nada-Brahman" (metaphysical Brahman of sound). Hindola rāga , for example,
11400-474: The sense of "color, dye, hue". The term rāga in the modern connotation of a melodic format occurs in the Brihaddeshi by Mataṅga Muni dated c. 8th century , or possibly 9th century. The Brihaddeshi describes rāga as "a combination of tones which, with beautiful illuminating graces, pleases the people in general". According to Emmie te Nijenhuis , a professor in Indian musicology,
11514-400: The soul does not "colour, dye, stain, tint" the matter. The Maitri Upanishad uses the term in the sense of "passion, inner quality, psychological state". The term rāga is also found in ancient texts of Buddhism where it connotes "passion, sensuality, lust, desire" for pleasurable experiences as one of three impurities of a character. Alternatively, rāga is used in Buddhist texts in
11628-437: The term comes from a Sanskrit word for "the act of colouring or dyeing", or simply a "colour, hue, tint, dye". The term also connotes an emotional state referring to a "feeling, affection, desire, interest, joy or delight", particularly related to passion, love, or sympathy for a subject or something. In the context of ancient Indian music, the term refers to a harmonious note, melody, formula, building block of music available to
11742-408: The then- mayor of San Salvador , was expelled from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) by its ethics tribunal after he was accused of violating the party's principles and verbally attacking party official Xóchitl Marchelli. Five days after he was expelled from the party, Bukele expressed his intention to run for president in the upcoming 2019 presidential election as a member of
11856-405: The then- mayor of San Salvador , and was registered by the Supreme Electoral Court on 21 August 2018. The party's current president is Xavier Zablah Bukele , a cousin of Bukele who has served since March 2020. Although Nuevas Ideas was formed before the 2019 presidential election , it was not legally registered as a political party in time to run a candidate. As such, Bukele ran for president as
11970-616: The title Ni . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ni&oldid=1237388096 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Raga A raga ( IAST : rāga , IPA: [ɾäːɡɐ] ; also raaga or ragam or raag ; lit. ' colouring ' or ' tingeing ' or ' dyeing ' )
12084-492: The two layers are neither fixed nor has unique parent–child relationship. Janaka rāgas are grouped together using a scheme called Katapayadi sutra and are organised as Melakarta rāgas. A Melakarta rāga is one which has all seven notes in both the ārōhanam (ascending scale) and avarōhanam (descending scale). Some Melakarta rāgas are Harikambhoji , Kalyani , Kharaharapriya , Mayamalavagowla , Sankarabharanam and Hanumatodi . Janya rāgas are derived from
12198-485: The unit of tonal measurement or audible unit as Śruti , with verse 28.21 introducing the musical scale as follows, तत्र स्वराः – षड्जश्च ऋषभश्चैव गान्धारो मध्यमस्तथा । पञ्चमो धैवतश्चैव सप्तमोऽथ निषादवान् ॥ २१॥ These seven degrees are shared by both major rāga system, that is the North Indian (Hindustani) and South Indian (Carnatic). The solfege ( sargam ) is learnt in abbreviated form: sa, ri (Carnatic) or re (Hindustani), ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa . Of these,
12312-496: Was developed, the Indian classical music scholars have developed additional rāgas for all the scales. The North Indian style is closer to the Western diatonic modes, and built upon the foundation developed by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande using ten Thaat : kalyan, bilaval, khamaj, kafi, asavari, bhairavi, bhairav, purvi, marva and todi . Some rāgas are common to both systems and have same names, such as kalyan performed by either
12426-472: Was elected by Nuevas Ideas and its allies as the president of the Legislative Assembly , with the remaining 20 deputies abstaining. Christian Guevara served as the party's leader in the Legislative Assembly. On the same day the 13th legislative session began, the Nuevas Ideas-led government voted to remove five members of the Supreme Court of Justice's Constitutional Chamber on the basis that
12540-481: Was expelled from Nuevas Ideas, and the party opened an investigation into his replacement on the Legislative Assembly, Nidia Turcios. On 16 August 2023, García was officially expelled from the Legislative Assembly, and the following day, both him and Turcios were arrested by the National Civil Police . Turcios was also expelled from Nuevas Ideas. The party's deputies in PARLACEN are affiliated with
12654-423: Was formally investigating municipal consolidation but also that they were looking into reducing the seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 64. On 7 June 2023, the Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly approved a proposal submitted by Bukele to reduce the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60. Opposition figures claimed that the reduction was an attempt to consolidate power for Nuevas Ideas in
12768-420: Was involved in drug trafficking operations linked to MS-13. Muyshondt presented images of García's staffers allegedly making gang signs and alleged screenshots of García's instant messaging conversations which include images of packaged marijuana. García denied having any affiliation with gangs, and that same day, Nuevas Ideas opened an investigation into the allegations made by Muyshondt. On 9 August 2023, García
12882-479: Was seeking re-election in 2024; his announcement was criticized by various lawyers, politicians, and journalists who argued that consecutive re-election violated the country's constitution . On 25 June 2023, Bukele officially registered himself as a Nuevas Ideas pre-candidate for the presidency. At the same time, Vice President Félix Ulloa registered as the party's pre-candidate for the vice presidency . On 9 July 2023, Bukele and Ulloa were officially confirmed to be
12996-493: Was the country's president, he did not control the Legislative Assembly . The legislature was still controlled by the political opposition, while GANA held 11 seats and Nuevas Ideas held zero seats. In an attempt to secure a US$ 109 million loan from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) for his security policies, Bukele called for an extraordinary legislative session and sent 40 soldiers into
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