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43-430: Administratively, Ning'an is now a county-level city , and a constituent part of the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang . The land area of the entire county-level city of Ning'an is 7,870 km (3,040 sq mi); the reported population count, as of 2004, stood at 440,000. The government of the "county-level city" is located in the town of the same name ( 宁安镇 ; Níng'ān zhèn ). Notable geographic features of

86-659: A fort city in 1673 when Anzhuhu ( 安珠瑚 ), the Deputy Lieutenant-General ( 副都统 ), was ordered to build a castle in Jilin. In 1676, the Military Governor of Ninguta was transferred to Jilin City because of its more convenient location and increasing military importance, while the former Deputy Lieutenant-General was transferred in the opposite direction to Ninguta. Since then Jilin City has developed at

129-587: A garrison at Ningguta, which was the first Qing garrison beyond the Willow Palisade . In June 1653 Sarhuda 's position became styled "military deputy-lieutenant governor" ( 昂邦章京 , or amban -jianggin in Manchu) and a deputy lieutenant general ( 副都統 ; fù dūtǒng ) were appointed to command the Ningguta garrison. The suitability of Ningguta as an administrative center was in part due to its location on

172-943: A large amount of edible mushrooms, totaling 10,000 tons per year. The G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway runs through the city, as does the Mudanjiang–Tumen railway  [ zh ] . The city is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) away from the Mudanjiang Hailang International Airport . Formally part of Oroqen Banner in Inner Mongolia but administered de facto by Daxing'anling Prefecture in Heilongjiang. County-level city A county-level municipality ( Chinese : 县级市 ), county-level city or county city , formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: 专辖市 ; 1970–1983: Chinese : 地辖市 ),

215-575: A prevailing southeasterly wind due to the East Asian monsoon; July averages 23.3 °C (73.9 °F). Snow is usually light during the winter, and annual rainfall is heavily concentrated from June to August. The Jilin chemical plant explosions were a series of explosions which occurred on November 13, 2005, in the No.101 Petrochemical Plant in Jilin City, killing six. The explosion severely polluted

258-630: A rapid pace. The nickname of Jilin City is River City ( 江城 ), which originates from one sentence " 连樯接舰屯江城 " of a poem written by Kangxi Emperor when he was visiting Jilin City in 1682. Jilin retained its importance into the 18th and 19th century as one of the few cities existing beyond the Willow Palisade, along with Qiqihar , Ninguta and Mukden . After Manchukuo established their capital in Xinjing (present-day Changchun ), Jilin City's importance decreased. By 1940, Jilin's population

301-1436: A somewhat similar naming convention is used for local government areas in some parts of Australia. For example, in New South Wales such a unit may often be called a "city" (rather than a traditional "shire"), and consist of "towns". E.g. City of Blue Mountains is made of a number of towns ( Katoomba , Springwood , etc.). Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present As of 3 April 2023, there are 408 county-level cities in total: A sub-prefectural city

344-795: Is Chengqu Subdistrict  [ zh ] . The city's eight towns are Ning'an  [ zh ] , Dongjingcheng  [ zh ] , Bohai  [ zh ] , Shiyan  [ zh ] , Shalan  [ zh ] , Hailang  [ zh ] , Langang  [ zh ] , and Jingpo  [ zh ] . The city's two townships are Mahe Township  [ zh ] and Sanling Township  [ zh ] . The city's two ethnic townships are Jiangnan Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township  [ zh ] and Wolong Korean Ethnic Township  [ zh ] . The city also administers Dongjingcheng Forestry Bureau  [ zh ] and Ning'an Farm  [ zh ] as township-level divisions. Ning'an produces

387-487: Is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China . County-level cities have judicial but no legislative rights over their own local law and are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions , but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions . A county-level city is a "city" ( 市 ; shì ) and "county" ( 县 ; xiàn ) that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. As such, it

430-629: Is a county-level city with powers approaching those of prefecture-level cities . Examples include, Xiantao ( Hubei ), Qianjiang ( Hubei ), Tianmen ( Hubei ) and Jiyuan ( Henan ). Jilin City Jilin City is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China . As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,895,865 in its built-up ( or metro ) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city , it

473-510: Is a popular destination for tourists to come each winter to view the magnificent rime ice ( 雾凇 ; 霧凇 ) on trees along the banks of the Songhua River, (the river is the only river in the region that does not freeze in winter). The rime ice is a natural phenomenon that occurs every year during January and February. It is a result of water vapor rising up from the warm Songhua River to meet the cold −20 °C (−4 °F) night air, causing

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516-595: Is not within the modern county-level city of Ning'an, but in the neighboring county-level city of Hailin . Growth of the more conveniently located Jilin City resulted in the decrease of the relative importance of Ningguta. Still, Ningguta was the main seat of government of the eastern half of the beyond-the-palisade Manchuria until 1676, when the Military Governor ( jiangjun ) moved from Ningguta to Jilin City (then called Jilin Ula Cheng, i.e. Jilin River City), and

559-407: Is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entity, and a county, which is an administrative division of a prefecture. Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing denser populated counties . County-level cities are not " cities " in the strictest sense of the word, since they usually contain rural areas many times the size of their urban, built-up area. This is because

602-621: Is situated in a hilly area near the Songhua River . There are four famous mountains surrounding Jilin City, which is North Mountain in the west, Long Tan Mountain in the east, Zhuque Mountain in the North, and Turtle Mountain in the south, plus Songhua River, it forms a bagua in Taiji pattern. North Mountain, called Beishan, is the most famous mountain in Jilin City and is home to several Buddhist Temples. The Qianlong Emperor reportedly visited

645-814: Is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province. Jilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games . Jilin City is one of the oldest cities in Northeast China. During the reign of the Yongle Emperor in the Ming dynasty , efforts were made to expand Ming control throughout all of Manchuria . Mighty river fleets were built and sailed several times from Jilin City, getting

688-578: The Sea of Japan and populated primarily by a variety of Tungusic peoples , such as the Nanais . According to the evidence of the Jesuits who visited the area in 1709 along with a government-sponsored ginseng -harvesting expedition, by the early 18th century Ningguta had become an important center of trade in local forest products, namely ginseng harvested in the region and sable pelts, collected as tax from

731-475: The Siberian tiger , sika deer , elk , and sable . There are over 300 species of birds which have habitats in the city, including Siberian cranes , Mandarin ducks , Chinese merganser , white-bellied sea eagles , and Steller's sea eagles . The city experiences an average annual temperature of 4.5 °C (40.1 °F), with the hottest recorded temperature in the city being 36.5 °C (97.7 °F), and

774-417: The Songhua River by the floods from two chemical plants based in Jilin. There were reports that some barrels exploded on contact with water. By late afternoon on August 1, 6,387 barrels had been retrieved from the river. Officials stated that tests show the water in the river remains safe to drink. Three soldiers of the People's Liberation Army in Jilin drowned after working to remove the barrels and control

817-482: The Songhua River , with an estimated 100 tons of pollutants containing benzene and nitrobenzene entering into the river. The benzene level recorded was at one point 108 times above national safety levels. This caused downstream major cities including Harbin, Songyuan and Khabarovsk suspending their water supply for almost one week. Chinese leaders later had to apologize to the Russian government over its handling of

860-564: The county-level city of Ning'an include Lake Jingpo and a crater underground forest ( 火山口地下森林 ). Lake Jingpo is a natural reservoir on the Mudanjiang River upstream (about 40 km or 25 mi southwest, straight-line distance) from Ning'an central urban area, result of the volcanic eruptions about 10,000 years ago. Shangjing Longquanfu , one of the capitals of the Balhae kingdom (between 756 and 785, and between 793 and 926),

903-417: The Deputy Lieutenant-General ( 副都統 ; fù dūtǒng ) was transferred in the opposite direction (from Jilin City to Ningguta). Although now lower-ranked than Jilin City, Ningguta retained its importance into the 18th and 19th century as one of the few cities existing beyond the Willow Palisade . The Deputy Lieutenant-General stationed there was the top government official for the entire region stretching east to

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946-745: The Hurka River (or, for the original site, on the Hurka's tributary Hailang), which provided a convenient transportation route connecting Ningguta with the lower Sungari and the lower Amur River . Early on, a great dockyard operated in Ningguta, building boats for the Mudanjiang/Sungari/Amur river system, although it was later relocated to Jilin City. In 1658 Sarhuda , in charge of a Manchu fleet of several dozen ships, and including also General Shin Ryu 's Korean force, sailed from Ningguta down

989-783: The Hurka and the Sungari , to defeat the smaller fleet of the Russian Cossack Onufriy Stepanov near the fall of the Sungari into the Amur . After the death of Sarhuda in 1659, his son Bahai ( 巴海 ) was appointed to occupy Sarhuda's position. In 1662, the title of the military deputy-lieutenant governor ( amban-jianggin ) position was changed to the Ningguta Military Governor ( 鎮守寧古塔等處將軍 ; zhènshǒu nínggǔtǎ děngchǔ jiāngjūn ), Bahai being

1032-535: The Nanai natives. Therefore, besides the Manchu garrison and the officials, Ningguta was home to numerous Han Chinese civilians, some of whom had come to Ningguta from faraway provinces in order to participate in the profitable commerce. There were already numerous peasant villages around the town, some at quite a distance from it, populated both by Manchus and by Han Chinese exiled to this area for various offenses against

1075-420: The area was once again adjusted, this time falling under the jurisdiction of Songjiang province . In August 1954, Songjiang province was abolished and merged into Heilongjiang province. In March 1956, Ning'an, still a county , was placed under the then- prefecture of Mudanjiang . From 1956 to 1962, Ning'an's borders were changed multiple times, until finally reaching their current iteration. In 1993, Ning'an

1118-693: The chieftains of the local tribes to swear allegiance to the Ming rulers. Soon after the establishment of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty , the territory of today's Primorsky Kray was put under the administration of Jilin. As the Russian Empire advanced eastward to the Pacific coast, the Qing government ordered a naval shipbuilding factory to be set up here in 1661. Jilin was officially established as

1161-472: The coldest record temperature being −40.1 °C (−40.2 °F). Annual precipitation in Ning'an typically ranges from 500 millimetres (20 in) to 600 millimetres (24 in). Ning'an typically experiences 130 to 135 frost -free days per year. Ning'an administers one subdistrict , eight towns , two townships , two ethnic townships , and two other township-level divisions . The city's sole subdistrict

1204-487: The counties that county-level cities have replaced are themselves large administrative units containing towns , villages and farmland. To distinguish a "county-level city" from its actual urban area (the traditional meaning of the word "city"), the term " 市区 " (shìqū) or "urban area", is used. While the idea of a "city" being a unit consisting of several "towns" is not a common one in English-speaking world ,

1247-540: The crystallisation of water vapour on willows branches. Attractions: The winter sports in Jilin City include skiing , skating , sledding , snowboarding , and winter swim . Winter swimming is widely practiced in Jilin city. Ski resorts: The city used to be served by the Jilin Ertaizi Airport ( IATA : JIL , ICAO : ZYJL ), a joint-use airport for commercial and military. But by October 3, 2005, all of its commercial flights were transferred to

1290-478: The early Qing dynasty , the town of Ning'an, known then under the Manchu name ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ ( Ningguta ) (transcribed into Chinese as 宁古塔 , Ningguta ), was one of the most important towns in the entire Manchuria beyond the " Willow Palisade ". The name "Ningguta" literally means "six" in Manchu language because it was once guarded by six grandsons of Möngke Temür ( 猛哥帖木儿 ). The Hurka River valley, where Ningguta

1333-654: The first occupant of this post, while the office of the deputy lieutenant general was relocated to Jilin City . The early location of the Ningguta fortress was not at today's Ning'an, but some 50 km (31 mi) to the northwest, on the Hailang River (a tributary of the Mudanjiang River ). That site is located near the present-day Gucheng village ( 古城村 ), part of the small town of Changting ( 长汀镇 ; 44°29′N 128°55′E  /  44.48°N 128.92°E  / 44.48; 128.92 ). That site

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1376-504: The flooding. The Dahe Dam in Changshan Township was breached on July 28, spilling 4 million m of water, destroying five villages downstream and leaving 40 people dead or missing. Over 100 were dead or missing after floods devastated Jilin prefecture. Workers started repairing fifty-one damaged small reservoirs and fortifying riverbanks in the province after the Songhua River surged to levels twice as high as normal. Jilin City

1419-456: The formation of the puppet state of Manchukuo , Ning'an remained within Jilin province until December 1934, when it became part of the newly formed Binjiang province . In July 1937, it was placed under Mudanjiang province  [ zh ] . In April 1946, the area was placed under the jurisdiction of Suining province  [ zh ] , but this was changed to the newly formed Mudanjiang province  [ zh ] . In July 1948,

1462-497: The incident as the pollutants finally flowed into the Amur (Heilong) River , the major boundary river between China and Russia. Jilin was one of the worst-hit regions in China by rain and landslides in the 2010 summer China floods . On July 28, 2010, several thousand barrels, which contained toxic chemicals including trimethylsilyl chloride and hexamethyldisiloxane , about 170 kg of a poisonous substance in each, were washed into

1505-411: The law. (Convicts started being sent to Ningguta area as early as 1660; anti-Qing rebels, captured in southern China, followed in 1661) A variety of cereal crops, such as millet and oats were grown there. In May 1910, the area was re-organized as Ning'an Fu  [ zh ] . Following the fall of the Qing dynasty, Ning'an underwent a series of administrative changes. In March 1913, Ning'an Fu

1548-451: The mountain. Jilin City has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ). Winters are long (lasting from November to March), cold, and windy, but dry, due to the influence of the Siberian anticyclone , with a January mean temperature of −15.4 °C (4.3 °F). Spring and autumn are somewhat short transitional periods, with some precipitation, but are usually dry and windy. Summers are hot and humid, with

1591-510: The newly opened Changchun Longjia International Airport while Jilin Airport halted commercial operation. The airport is located about 76 km (47 mi) away from the Jilin City and has flights to many cities from the airport. China Southern Airlines also provide some international connections directly from Changchun. Jilin is served by the Jilin railway station . Jilin railway station

1634-400: The north. Ning'an is approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) away from Mudanjiang's urban core, 190 kilometres (120 mi) away from both Suifenhe and Hunchun , and 320 kilometres (200 mi) away from the provincial capital of Harbin . 112 species of plants used for Chinese herbal medicines can be found in Ning'an. Ning'an is home to a number of protected animal species, such as

1677-660: Was 173,624, while Xinjing's population reached 544,202 at the same time. Soviet forces captured Jilin during the August Storm operation. Jilin became the provincial capital of Jilin Province after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, until Changchun took this position in 1956. Jilin City, which is located in central Jilin Province spanning from 125° 40' to 127° 56' E longitude and 42° 31' to 44° 40' N latitude. Neighbouring prefectures are: Jilin City

1720-434: Was located within today's county-level city of Ning'an. Its site was near today's small towns of Dongjingcheng  [ zh ] ( 东京城镇 ; Dōngjīngchéng zhèn ) and Bohai  [ zh ] ( 渤海镇 ; Bóhǎi zhèn ; 44°06′32″N 129°12′54″E  /  44.109°N 129.215°E  / 44.109; 129.215 ), about 25 km (16 mi) upstream (southwest) from the Ning'an main urban area. During

1763-623: Was located, was the traditional homeland of the Jianzhou Jurchens (who later started calling themselves Manchus ), Ningguta and Sanxing being the two oldest centers of the incipient Manchu state. After the Manchus conquered all of China in 1644, the Ningguta area continued to be considered by the Qing dynasty ruling family as the place of its origin. Already in 1652 the Qing government sent 2000 horsemen, armed with bows, matchlock firearms, and iron cannons, commanded by Sarhuda to set

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1806-428: Was re-organized as Ning'an County ( simplified Chinese : 宁安县 ; traditional Chinese : 寧安縣 ; pinyin : Níng'ān Xiàn ). In June 1914, Ning'an County was placed under the jurisdiction of Yanji Circuit  [ zh ] in Jilin province. In February 1929, circuits were abolished, and Ning'an was administered directly by the province. At this time, Ning'an had a population of more than 170,000. Upon

1849-482: Was upgraded from a county to a county-level city . Ning'an is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang province, on the shores of Jingpo Lake and Mudan River . The terrain is largely hilly, and the Changbai Mountains run through the city. Ning'an is bordered by Muling to the east, Hailin to the west, Wangqing County and Dunhua of Jilin province to the south, and Mudanjiang's urban core to

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