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76-1022: Zhu Shugui was styled the General Who Assists the State (輔國將軍) while living in Jingzhou . He was later granted the title Prince of Changyang during the Regency of the Prince of Lu near the end of the Ming dynasty. In 1642, after the rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong captured Jingzhou, he followed Zhu Changrun, Prince of Hui, to Nanjing . In 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor , the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, committed suicide in Beijing , and China fell into chaos. But Zhu Shugui, living in Nanjing under

152-539: A 2.3% decline in light industry output, and a 17.0% rise in heavy industry output. The size of the city's state-owned economy shrunk 3.4%, its collectively-owned economy grew 2.4%, and its privately owned economy grew 7.2%. One of Jingzhou's most prominent industries is its construction industry, which earned ¥29.877 billion in 2019. As of 2019, the city has 385 construction firms. In 2019, Jingzhou's consumer retail sales totaled ¥144.735 billion. Consumer retail sales grew at an annual rate of 11.5%. In 2019,

228-509: A 6.8% decline from the previous year. Of this, imports accounted for 0.335 billion USD, and exports accounted for 1.363 billion USD. Jingzhou has been inhabited for approximately 5,000 to 6,000 years, with the historic Daxi culture residing in present-day Jingzhou. Situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River , the area has been a strategic location of military importance since ancient times . The area of present-day Jingzhou

304-537: A book under a lamp and thought about the past on an autumn night, It's difficult to be an intellectual in this human world. In Vietnam, death poems are referred to as thơ tuyệt mệnh ( chữ Hán : 詩絶命). These poems were commonly written in the Thất ngôn tứ tuyệt (七言四絶) form following Tang dynasty poetic form. This genre of poems were especially significant during the French conquest of Vietnam . Hồ Huân Nghiệp (胡勳業; 1829–1864)

380-403: A core part of Japanese tradition. Death poems are typically graceful, natural, and emotionally neutral, in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism and Shinto . Excepting the earliest works of this tradition, it has been considered inappropriate to mention death explicitly; rather, metaphorical references such as sunsets, autumn or falling cherry blossom suggest the transience of life. It

456-510: A hundred times over, White bones turning to dust, with or without trace of soul, My steadfast heart toward Lord, could it ever fade away? Hwang Hyun (or Hyeon) (황현; 1855–1910) was a Korean independence activist in the early 20th century. His art name was Maecheon (매천; 梅泉), and he was the author of the Maecheon Yarok (매천야록; 梅泉野錄), his diary of six volumes written from 1864 to 1910. Its detailed record of Korean historical events of

532-550: A long journey and burn like thee. Like Yi Gae, Seong Sam-mun (성삼문, 1418–1456) was one of "six martyred ministers", and was the leader of the conspiracy to assassinate Sejo. He refused the offer of pardon and denied Sejo's legitimacy. He recited the following sijo in prison and the second one (five-syllable poem) on his way to the place of execution, where his limbs were tied to oxen and torn apart. 이 몸이 죽어 가서 무어시 될고 하니, 봉래산(蓬萊山) 제일봉(第一峯)에 낙락장송(落落長松) 되야 이셔, 백설(白雪)이 만건곤(滿乾坤)할 제 독야청청(獨也靑靑) 하리라. What shall I become when this body

608-652: A measure of silken cord, that we may follow you in death." Then, one after the other, they hanged themselves in the central hall. The next day, Zhu interred his concubines, in coffins, at Kuidoushan (Cassia Bud Hill), a hillside outside the south gate of the city (the current location of the Temple of the Five Concubines ). Before his death, Zhu wrote on the wall: "When brigands took Jingzhou in 1642, I brought my household southward; in 1644, I took refuge in Fujian. For

684-796: A per capita disposable income of ¥35,910, while rural residents averaged ¥18,893 in disposable income. Jingzhou's per capita disposable income grew 10.2% for urban areas, and 9.2% for rural areas. The size of Jingzhou's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and aquaculture sector in 2019 totaled ¥76.645 billion. The city produced 4.5117 million tons of grain , 433 thousand tons of vegetable oil , 38,000 tons of cotton , and 3.1332 million tons of vegetables . In 2019, 2.9777 million heads of swine, and 63.9012 million heads of poultry were slaughtered in Jingzhou. 1.1195 million tons of aquaculture products were produced, with 45.77% (512.4 thousand tons) of this comprising shrimp and crabs. In 2019, Jingzhou saw

760-429: A poet, warrior, nobleman, or Buddhist monk . The writing of a poem at the time of one's death and reflecting on the nature of death in an impermanent, transitory world is unique to East Asian culture. It has close ties with Buddhism, and particularly the mystical Zen Buddhism (of Japan), Chan Buddhism (of China), Seon Buddhism (of Korea), and Thiền Buddhism (of Vietnam). From its inception, Buddhism has stressed

836-480: A sword, a man of great actions but few words, brave but not arrogant, and respected by generals and foot-soldiers alike. Before his death, Zhu burned the contract he had with tenant farmers, bequeathing all of the farmland in Lujhu Township to them. It was after this act that he calmly ended his life, hanging himself from a roof beam. Nowadays there is a temple dedicated to the Prince in Lujhu Township. Inside

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912-774: A topography rising from east to west. It is covered by a dense network of waterways, as well as lakes, and is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River on the Jianghan Plain . Downstream to its east lies Wuhan , the provincial capital, and to the west lies the city of Yichang , the Three Gorges , and Chongqing Municipality. Jingmen City, also in Hubei, lies to the north; to its south are Yueyang and Changde , both in Hunan Province. 12.42% of

988-412: A total of 20 syllables) of ancient Chinese poetry (五言詩). Yi Gae (이개; 1417–1456) was one of " six martyred ministers " who were executed for conspiring to assassinate King Sejo , who usurped the throne from his nephew Danjong . Sejo offered to pardon six ministers including Yi Gae and Seong Sam-mun if they would repent their crime and accept his legitimacy, but Yi Gae and all others refused. He recited

1064-688: A true man. Life and death, what does it matter after cultivating virtue? Only longing for the time when parents’ hair turns white. Lưu Thường (劉常; 1345-1388) was a Vietnamese official of the Trần dynasty . He is most notably remembered for his involvement in a failed plot to rescue Trần Phế Đế (陳廢帝). In 1388, Hồ Quý Ly (胡季犛), a powerful and ambitious official, manipulated the retired emperor, Trần Nghệ Tông (陳藝宗) into forcing Trần Phế Đế to commit suicide by hanging. Lưu Thường, along with Nguyễn Khoái (阮快) and Nguyễn Vân Nhi (阮雲兒), planned to save Trần Phế Đế, but their efforts were discovered, and all participants in

1140-1474: A wine barrel in a tavern. With luck the cask will leak. The final line, "hopefully the cask will leak" ( mori ya sen nan) , is a play on the poet's name, Moriya Sen'an. Written over a large calligraphic character 死 shi , meaning Death, the Japanese Zen master Hakuin Ekaku (白隠 慧鶴; 1685–1768) wrote as his jisei: 若い衆や死ぬがいやなら今死にやれ 一たび死ねばもう死なぬぞや Wakaishu ya shinu ga iya nara ima shiniyare hito-tabi shineba mō shinanu zo ya Oh young folk – if you fear death, die now! Having died once you won't die again. Besides Korean Buddhist monks, Confucian scholars called seonbis sometimes wrote death poems ( 절명시 jeol myeong si ). However, better-known examples are those written or recited by famous historical figures facing death when they were executed for loyalty to their former king or due to insidious plot. They are therefore impromptu verses, often declaring their loyalty or steadfastness. The following are some examples that are still learned by school children in Korea as models of loyalty. These examples are written in Korean sijo (three lines of 3-4-3-4 or its variation) or in Hanja five-syllable format (5-5-5-5 for

1216-411: Is dead and gone? A tall, thick pine tree on the highest peak of Bongraesan, Evergreen alone when white snow covers the whole world. 擊鼓催人命 (격고최인명) -둥둥 북소리는 내 생명을 재촉하고, 回頭日欲斜 (회두일욕사) -머리를 돌여 보니 해는 서산으로 넘어 가려고 하는구나 黃泉無客店 (황천무객점) -황천으로 가는 길에는 주막조차 없다는데, 今夜宿誰家 (금야숙수가) -오늘밤은 뉘 집에서 잠을 자고 갈거나 As the sound of drum calls for my life, I turn my head where sun is about to set. There is no inn on

1292-681: Is my incarnation. On March 17, 1945, General Tadamichi Kuribayashi , the Japanese commander-in chief during the Battle of Iwo Jima , sent a final letter to Imperial Headquarters. In the message, General Kuribayashi apologized for failing to successfully defend Iwo Jima against the overwhelming forces of the United States military. At the same time, however, he expressed great pride in the heroism of his men, who, starving and thirsty, had been reduced to fighting with rifle butts and fists. He closed

1368-556: Is only by fulfilling duty to the upmost That one obtains nobility What does one learn Studying the classics of the Sages From this point on I can perhaps be free from shame Tan Sitong ( 譚嗣同 ; March 10, 1865 – September 28, 1898) was a well-known Chinese politician, thinker, and reformist in the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911). He was executed at the age of 33 when the Hundred Days' Reform failed in 1898. Tan Sitong

1444-565: Is our body Once a pacified heart finds its place There's no such body to look for Yang Jisheng ( 楊繼盛 ; 1516 – 1555) was a Chinese court official of the Ming dynasty who held multiple posts during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor . He was executed because of his stand against political opponent Yan Song . The evening before his execution, Yang Jisheng wrote a poem which was preserved on monuments and in later accounts of his life. It reads: 鐵肩擔道義 辣手著文章 Bear righteousness and

1520-417: Is staffed by about 53,400 faculty. In addition to schools, Jingzhou has 176 cultural institutions staffed by 1,168 employees, and 8 public libraries which house 1.382 million books. As of the end of 2019, Jingzhou has 3,155 medical institutions, staffed by 42,422 employees, and 32,686 hospital beds. Death poem The death poem is a genre of poetry that developed in the literary traditions of

1596-467: Is the essence of a flower' Preceding those who hesitate Although he did not compose any formal death poem on his deathbed, the last poem written by Bashō (1644–1694), recorded by his disciple Takarai Kikaku during his final illness, is generally accepted as his poem of farewell: 旅に病んで 夢は枯れ野を かけめぐる Tabi ni yande yume wa kareno o kakemeguru Falling ill on a journey my dreams go wandering over withered fields Despite

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1672-462: The 2010 census , the prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has 5,691,707 inhabitants and a population density of 405 inhabitants per km . As of the 7th census of Jingzhou done by the municipal government, Jingzhou's population shrunk slightly to an estimated 5,231,180 inhabitants, residing in about 1,833,292 households . Of Jingzhou's residential population, 2,664,658 or 50.94 percent were males while 2,566,522 of 49.06 percent were females. The sex ratio

1748-503: The Buddhist teaching of the three marks of existence ( 三法印 , sanbōin ) , specifically that the material world is transient and impermanent ( 無常 , mujō ) , that attachment to it causes suffering ( 苦 , ku ) , and ultimately all reality is an emptiness or absence of self-nature ( 空 , kū ) . These poems became associated with the literate, spiritual, and ruling segments of society, as they were customarily composed by

1824-699: The Later Jin invasion of the Ming . Yuan met his end when he was arrested and executed by lingchi ("slow slicing") on the order of the Chongzhen Emperor under false charges of treason, which were believed to have been planted against him by the Jurchens. Before his execution, he produced the following poem. 一生事業總成空 半世功名在夢中 死後不愁無勇將 忠魂依舊守遼東 A life's work totals to nothing Half of my career seems to be in dreams I do not worry about lacking brave warriors after my death For my loyal spirit will continue to guard Liaodong Xia Wanchun ( 夏完淳 , 1631–1647)

1900-573: The Sinosphere —most prominently in Japan as well as certain periods of Chinese history , Joseon Korea , and Vietnam . They tend to offer a reflection on death—both in general and concerning the imminent death of the author—that is often coupled with a meaningful observation on life. The practice of writing a death poem has its origins in Zen Buddhism . It is a concept or worldview derived from

1976-600: The Three Kingdoms period, such as the Wulin Battlefield (where the Battle of Red Cliffs took place) and the Huarong Path. The city walls were rebuilt in 1646 and measure 9 metres (30 ft) high and 10 metres (33 ft) thick. The perimeter of the wall extends for 10.17 kilometres (6.32 mi). The city walls, city gates, watchtowers, and battlements have all been well maintained. Many of

2052-425: The annexation of Korea . He left four death poems, with this poem, the third one being the most well-known nowadays. 鳥獸哀鳴海嶽嚬 槿花世界已沈淪 秋燈掩卷懷千古 難作人間識字人 새 짐승도 슬피 울고 산과 바다도 찌푸리네. 무궁화 삼천리는 이미 물속에 잠겼구나. 가을 밤 등불아래 책을 덮고서 옛일 곰곰이 생각해 보니, 인간 세상에서 지식인 노릇하기가 참으로 어렵구나. Birds and beasts cry in sorrow and the mountains and oceans frown The three thousand li of hibiscuses have sunken underwater As I closed

2128-469: The Imperial seal. The Prince sent a letter under seal to Zheng Keshuang, who then led his officials to the Prince, lamenting their separation. The Prince made obeisance to heaven, earth and ancestors. The people, young and old, paid their respects, and the Prince paid his respects in return. Then on the back of an inkstone he inscribed his death poem , which read: "I take refuge abroad from calamity, all for

2204-506: The Kingdom of Tungning, the Qing sent 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives. Zhu Shugui was 66 years old (by Chinese reckoning; 65 by Western standards) at the time of his suicide. Moved by loyalty, the townsfolk interred him together with his primary wife Lady Luo in what is now Hunei Township. At the time there was no marking on

2280-586: The area was taken by the People's Liberation Army . On September 29, 1994, Jiangling County and Shashi City were merged to create the prefecture-level city of Jingsha. On November 20, 1996, Jingsha was renamed to Jingzhou. Numerous sites have been preserved from the Chu State period, including the ruins of five Chu cities, 73 sites featuring Chu Culture and more than 800 ancient tombs, including those of 18 Chu kings. There are also historical sites dating to

2356-735: The auspices of the Prince of Fu, continued to support the legitimacy of the Ming dynasty. By 1647, the Manchus had occupied most Chinese territory and founded the Qing dynasty . Zhu Youlang , Prince of Gui, who had proclaimed himself heir to the Ming throne, was alone among the many Ming princes in recognizing the legitimacy of the Kingdom of Tungning that Koxinga had founded in Taiwan . In 1648, Zhu Youlang sent Zhu Shugui to serve as regent for Koxinga's troops, changing his title to Prince of Ningjing. He

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2432-451: The average years of schooling for people aged 15 were longer than 10 years. The prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has jurisdiction over two districts , three county-level cities , three counties and one economic and technological development zone . The information here presented uses the metric system and data from the 2010 census. As of 2019, Jingzhou has a GDP of ¥251.648 billion, which grew at an annual rate of 7.5%. 17.3% of

2508-566: The capital of the small Jingnan Kingdom (also known as Nanping) that existed from 924 to 963 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . Jingzhou was the site of one of the last major battles between Republican and Qing forces during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Jingzhou had one of the largest Manchu populations, around half of the city, anywhere outside Beijing. In July 1949,

2584-423: The city of Chengtian Prefecture  [ zh ] (now Tainan ), and provided him with a yearly stipend. Taiwan was newly settled territory, boasting fertile lands, and Zhu cleared dozens of hectares of land at Zhuhu Village, Wannian Prefecture (modern-day Lujhu District , Kaohsiung ) for farming. Zheng Jing died in 1681, and his son Zheng Keshuang took his place. In 1683 the Qing general Shi Lang took

2660-455: The city's insurance industry made ¥16.293 billion in revenue off of premiums, a 15.0% increase from the previous year. Of this, ¥12.213 billion came from personal insurance, and ¥4.08 billion came from property insurance, an increase of 12.7% and 22.3% from 2018, respectively. Jingzhou's insurance industry paid 5.171 billion in compensation, a 1.8% increase from the previous year. In 2019, Jingzhou conducted 1.697 billion USD in foreign trade,

2736-406: The city's GDP came from its primary sector , 37.1% came from its secondary sector , and 45.6% came from its tertiary sector . As of 2019, most of the city's economic growth is derived from its secondary and tertiary sectors, which grew at an annual rate of 8.1% and 8.8%, respectively. The city's residents had a per capita disposable income of ¥26,543, a 9.8% annual increase. Urban residents had

2812-515: The city's area is forested. Jingzhou has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with hot, humid summers, and damp, chilly, but drier winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in January to 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) in July. The area receives 1,800 to 2,000 hours of sunshine per year and has a frost-free period of 242−263 days annually. According to

2888-602: The day of my soul coming back I hope I can see the Manchu troops is defeated Zheng Ting ( 郑颋 ; died 621) was a politician in the end of the Sui dynasty . He was executed by Wang Shichong after trying to resign from his official position under Wang and become a Buddhist monk. He faced the execution without fear and wrote this death poem, which reflected his strong Buddhist belief. 幻生還幻滅 大幻莫過身 安心自有處 求人無有人 Illusion appears, illusion ceases The biggest illusion among all

2964-794: The enemy, My body cannot rot in the field. Yet, I shall be born again seven times And grasp the sword in my hand. When ugly weeds cover this island, My sole thought shall be [the future of] the Imperial Land. In 1970, writer Yukio Mishima and his disciple Masakatsu Morita composed death poems before their attempted coup at the Ichigaya garrison in Tokyo, where they committed seppuku . Mishima wrote: 散るをいとふ 世にも人にも さきがけて 散るこそ花と 吹く小夜嵐 Chiru o itofu Yo ni mo hito ni mo Sakigakete Chiru koso hana to Fuku sayoarashi A small night storm blows Saying 'falling

3040-448: The following poem in his cell before execution on June 8, 1456. In the following sijo , "Lord" ( 임 im ) actually should read someone beloved or cherished , meaning King Danjong in this instance. 방(房) 안에 혓는 촉(燭) 불 눌과 이별(離別)하엿관대 것츠로 눈믈 디고 속 타는 쥴 모르는고. 뎌 촉(燭) 불 날과 갓트여 속 타는 쥴 모로도다. Oh, candlelight shining the room, with whom did you part? You shed tears without and burn within, yet no one notices. We part with our Lord on

3116-482: The founder of the Ming dynasty, via the line of Zhu Yuanzhang's 15th son, Zhu Zhi, Prince of Liao. Zhu Zhi was the son of Zhu Yuanzhang and one of his Korean concubines, Consort Han ( 韓妃 ). Zhu Zhi's heirs used the generation names "Gui, Hao, En, Chong, Zhi, Yun, Reng, Qi, Bao, He, Xian, Shu, Yan, Zun, Ru, Cai, Han, Li, Long, Yu". History records Zhu Shugui as being stately in appearance, handsomely whiskered and grand of voice, an outstanding calligrapher, fond of wearing

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3192-489: The founding of a new dynasty through a poem, Chŏng answered with a poem of his own reaffirming his loyalty to the falling Goryeo dynasty. Just as he suspected, he was assassinated the same night on April 4, 1392. Chŏng's death poem is the most famous in Korean history. 此身死了死了 一百番更死了 白骨爲塵土 魂魄有也無 向主一片丹心 寧有改理也歟 차신사료사료 일백번갱사료 백골위진토 혼백유야무 향주일편단심 영유개리야여 이몸이주거주거 일백번고쳐주거 白骨이塵土되여 넉시라도잇고업고 님향한一片丹心이야 가쉴줄이이시랴 Should this body die and die again

3268-445: The hereafter with my royal forefathers in the underworld. Now all is lost, and the day of my death is set. You are young and should make your own plans." The five concubines, who had been by his side since the death of his wife Lady Luo, wept, saying to him: "As the Prince can keep his integrity thus, so would we rather give our lives willingly. If the Prince lives, we all live; if the Prince dies, we all die. We ask that you first grant us

3344-546: The importance of death because awareness of death is what prompted the Buddha to perceive the ultimate futility of worldly concerns and pleasures. A death poem exemplifies the search for a new viewpoint, a new way of looking at life and things generally, or a version of enlightenment ( satori in Japanese; wu in Chinese). According to comparative religion scholar Julia Ching , Japanese Buddhism "is so closely associated with

3420-459: The king as if he were my father Worried over the country as if it were my house The bright sun looking down upon the world May it shine ever so brightly on my red heart Chŏng Mong-ju (정몽주; 1337–1392) was an influential high minister of the Goryeo dynasty when Yi Sŏng-gye sought to overthrow it and establish a new dynasty . When Yi Pang-wŏn , the son of Yi Sŏng-gye, asked Chŏng to support

3496-490: The late 19th century makes it a notable primary source in the research and education about the late Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire , for example, it is used in the creation of modern textbooks. He showed great respect to other Korean independence activists, writing poems of mourning for activists who committed suicide after the signing of the Eulsa Treaty of 1905 . However, in 1910, he himself would commit suicide after

3572-513: The memory of the dead and the ancestral cult that the family shrines dedicated to the ancestors, and still occupying a place of honor in homes, are popularly called the Butsudan , literally 'the Buddhist altars'. It has been the custom in modern Japan to have Shinto weddings , but to turn to Buddhism in times of bereavement and for funeral services". The writing of a death poem was limited to

3648-545: The message with three traditional death poems in waka form. 国の為 重き努を 果し得で 矢弾尽き果て 散るぞ悲しき 仇討たで 野辺には朽ちじ 吾は又 七度生れて 矛を執らむぞ 醜草の 島に蔓る 其の時の 皇国の行手 一途に思ふ Kuni no tame / omoki tsutome o / hatashi ede / yadama tsukihate / chiruzo kanashiki Ada utade / nobe niwa kuchiji / warewa mata / shichido umarete / hoko o toranzo Shikokusa no / shima ni habikoru / sono toki no / Mikuni no yukute / ichizu ni omou Unable to complete this heavy task for our country Arrows and bullets all spent, so sad we fall. But unless I smite

3724-715: The plot were executed. Before his death, Lưu Thường wrote a famous death poem that reflected his unwavering loyalty and sense of righteousness. His death poem is found in the eighth volume (卷之八) of Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư . 殘年四十有餘三、 忠義逢誅死正甘。 抱義生前應不負、 暴屍原上又何暫。 Tàn niên tứ thập hữu dư tam, Trung nghĩa phùng tru tử chính cam. Bão nghĩa sinh tiền ưng bất phụ, Bộc thi nguyên thượng hựu hà tạm! Bốn mươi ba tuổi thân tàn tạ, Trung nghĩa, sa cơ chết cũng đành. Giữ tiết bình sinh lòng chẳng phụ, Phơi thây ngoài nội hẳn không kinh! In my remaining years, more than forty-three, Loyal and righteous, I gladly face death. Upholding justice, I have no regrets in life, What harm

3800-406: The promises between us, When you think of me after my death. What is the color of your tears? I really want to know. I will have a lonely trip by myself, and farewell to you. We will be parted with reluctance and sorrow. And I will be on the path in a hurry. Because I will become neither dust nor cloud My body is just there. But look at the dew on the leaves and grass, Just think that

3876-531: The residents of Zhuhu and Hunei funded the tomb's rebuilding, and the decoy tombs were dismantled and assembled into a large tomb. The tomb site you can see today is a reconstruction done by the Kaohsiung County (now part of Kaohsiung City) government in 1977, and in 1988 it was designated a third class historic site. He was a ninth-generation descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor),

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3952-406: The sake of a few strands of hair. Now all is done; I shall no longer be in exile." Two of his attendants also died by his side. The other Ming princes on Taiwan such as Zhu Hónghuán, son of Zhu Yihai , Prince of Lu, chose not to commit suicide and surrendered, and their lives were spared by the Qing and they were instead sent into exile into various places on mainland China. After the surrender of

4028-410: The sake of the hairs on my head and to preserve the integrity of my humble body, I have lingered abroad for more than 40 years; now I am 66 years old. In this time of adversity I shall die a whole man. I shall not forsake my emperors; I shall not forsake my parents. My life and work are done, without disgrace or shame." The next day, he donned the crown and dragon robes, fastened a jade belt, and received

4104-541: The same phrase as if in supernatural manifestation. King Jungjong ordered his death by sending poison and abandoned Jo's reform measures. Jo, who had believed to the end that Jungjong would see his errors, wrote the following before drinking poison on December 20, 1519. Repetition of similar looking words is used to emphasize strong conviction in this five-syllable poem. 愛君如愛父 (애군여애부) -임금 사랑하기를 아버지 사랑하듯 하였고 憂國如憂家 (우국여우가) -나라 걱정하기를 집안 근심처럼 하였다 白日臨下土 (백일임하토) -밝은 해 아래 세상을 굽어보사 昭昭照丹衷 (소소조단충) -내 단심과 충정 밝디 밝게 비춰주소서 I loved

4180-641: The seriousness of the subject matter, some Japanese poets have employed levity or irony in their final compositions. The Zen monk Tokō (杜口; 1710–1795) commented on the pretentiousness of some jisei in his own death poem: 辞世とは 即ちまよひ たゞ死なん Jisei to wa sunawachi mayoi tada shinan Death poems are mere delusion – death is death. This poem by Moriya Sen'an (d. 1838) showed an expectation of an entertaining afterlife: 我死なば 酒屋の瓶の 下にいけよ もしや雫の もりやせんなん Ware shinaba sakaya no kame no shita ni ikeyo moshi ya shizuku no mori ya sen nan Bury me when I die beneath

4256-485: The society's literate class, ruling class, samurai, and monks. It was introduced to Western audiences during World War II when Japanese soldiers, emboldened by their culture's samurai legacy, would write poems before suicidal missions or battles. Yuan Chonghuan ( 袁崇煥 , 1584–1630) was a politician and military general who served under the Ming dynasty . He is best known for defending Liaodong from Jurchen invaders during

4332-716: The statue was dismantled, and is currently pending relocation to Dianjiangtai. Jingzhou is home to unique breakfast items. The city has a unique style of guokui , a Chinese flatbread, as well as a unique style of rice noodles . There are 1,243 schools in Jingzhou, attended by about 707,300 students, as of 2019. Of this, there are 15 secondary vocational schools attended by 28,600 students, 53 general secondary schools attended by 82,800 students, 123 general junior high schools attended by 146,000 students, 396 primary schools attended by 308,500 students, 8 special education schools attended by 1,151 students, and 587 kindergartens attended by 140,300 students. The city's education system

4408-585: The strategically important Pescadores , after which Zheng Keshuang and the House of Zheng surrendered to the Qing. On the 26th day of the 6th moon of the Chinese lunar calendar (July 20 in the Gregorian calendar ), Zhu Shugui, seeing no hope for the restoration of his dynasty, decided to lay down his life for his country. He summoned his concubines and said: "I live abroad with disfavor and strife, longing to spend

4484-497: The suburban areas of the larger historical area of Jiangling. The name "Shashi" also remains in the names of a number of local facilities, such as Jingzhou Shashi Airport and a railway freight station. The contemporary city of Jingzhou is named after ancient province of the same name , which was one of the nine provinces of ancient China. Said province was named after the nearby Jing Mountains . Jingzhou occupies an area of 14,067 square kilometres (5,431 sq mi) with

4560-667: The temple is written Zhu's death poem. 朱術桂與五妃 (Zhu Shugui and the Five Concubines) Temple of the Five Noble Ladies Shrine of the Five Noble Ladies Zhu Shu Gui, 朱術桂 King Ning Jing, 南明宁靖王 Jingzhou Jingzhou ( Chinese : 荆州 ; pinyin : Jīngzhōu ) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China , located on the banks of the Yangtze River . Its total residential population

4636-473: The tomb, and over 100 decoy tombs were built to confound the Qing army’s searches. The tomb, located in Hunei District , Kaohsiung City , was discovered in 1937. At the time of discovery the casket was empty, and the artifacts in the tomb fell into the hands of the Japanese. Although the tomb was empty, the villagers built a square concrete wall around the tomb site to demarcate it. After World War II,

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4712-618: The towers on top of the majestic city gates have been damaged or rebuilt, leaving only the Chaozong Tower which was rebuilt in 1838 on the Gongji Gate . The Jingzhou Museum has on display a well-preserved 2,000-year-old male corpse, as well as silk and lacquerware from the Warring States period . A 58-meter-tall, 1,197-ton bronze Statue of Guan Yu designed by Han Meilin was constructed in Jingzhou in 2016. In 2021,

4788-461: The two traditional forms in Japanese literature: kanshi or waka . Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a jisei 辞世 ) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a jisei-ei 辞世詠 ) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems (Ogiu, 317–318). Poetry has long been

4864-471: The way on a shoulder of iron, Write with a peppery hand. Wen Tianxiang ( 文天祥 ; 1236 – 1283) was a Chinese poet and politician in the last years of the Southern Song dynasty . He was executed by Kublai Khan for the uprisings against Yuan dynasty . 孔曰成仁 孟曰取義 惟其義盡 所以仁至 讀聖賢書 所學何事 而今而後 庻幾無愧 Confucius speaks of perfecting nobility Mencius speaks of choosing duty It

4940-480: The way to underworld. At whose house shall I sleep tonight? Jo Gwang-jo (조광조; 1482–1519) was a neo-Confucian reformer who was framed by the conservative faction opposing his reforms in the Third Literati Purge of 1519 . His political enemies slandered Jo to be disloyal by writing "Jo will become the king" ( 주초위왕 走肖爲王 , ju cho wi wang ) with honey on leaves so that caterpillars left behind

5016-471: The world Barefoot I leave it. My coming, my going — Two simple happenings That got entangled. Fujiwara no Teishi , the first empress of Emperor Ichijo , was also known as a poet. Before her death in childbirth in 1001, she wrote three waka to express her sorrow and love to her servant, Sei Shōnagon , and the emperor. Teishi said that she would be entombed, rather than be cremated, so that she wrote that she will not become dust or cloud. The first one

5092-472: Was 103.82 (female=100, male to female). There were 534,914 persons with university education. Compared with 2010, the number of people with university education went up from 6,828 persons to 10,225 persons per 100,000 persons, the average years of schooling for people aged 15 and above increased from 8.81 years to 9.29 years, and the illiteracy rate dropped from 4.41 percent (251.1thousand) to 2.79 (145.9thousand) percent. Additionally, Shashi and Jingzhou districts'

5168-437: Was 5,231,180 based on the 2020 census , 1,068,291 of whom resided in the built-up ( or metro ) area comprising two urban districts . Jingzhou's central urban area has grown out of Shashi City and Jingzhou Town (historically also known as Jiangling ); their names were preserved in the names of Shashi District and Jingzhou District , which include the city's historical center, as well as Jiangling County , which administers

5244-447: Was a Ming dynasty poet and soldier. He is famous for resisting the Manchu invaders and died aged 17. He wrote the poem before his death. 三年羈旅客 今日又南冠 無限山河淚 誰言天地寬 已知泉路近 欲別故鄉難 毅魄歸來日 靈旗空際看 I have been on the path of the war for three years And now I became the prison of the war Tears are everywhere in the mount and river Who will say the heaven is wide I know my death is close And hard to farewell my homeland On

5320-810: Was an ancient custom in Japan for literate persons to compose a jisei on their deathbed. One of the earliest was recited by Prince Ōtsu , executed in 686. More examples of jisei are those of the famous haiku poet Bashō , the Japanese Buddhist monk Ryōkan , Edo Castle builder Ōta Dōkan , the monk Gesshū Sōko , and the woodblock master Tsukioka Yoshitoshi . The custom has continued into modern Japan. Some people left their death poems in multiple forms: Prince Ōtsu made both waka and kanshi , and Sen no Rikyū made both kanshi and kyōka . 来時は空手、去時は赤脚。一去一来、単重交折 Raiji wa karate kyoji wa sekkyaku ikkyoichirai tanjuu sekkou Empty-handed I entered

5396-930: Was an influential scholar during the Nguyễn dynasty . He was also well-known for being one of the first to fight against the French. The French eventually captured him in Gia Định (嘉定; present-day Ho Chi Minh City). Before he was executed by the French, he washed his face, fixed his turban, and recited four verses of poetry before being beheaded. 見義寧甘不勇為、 全憑忠孝作男兒。 此身生死何修後、 惟戀高堂白髮時。 Kiến nghĩa ninh cam bất dũng vi, Toàn bằng trung hiếu tác nam nhi. Thử thân sinh tử hà tu hậu, Duy luyến cao đường bạch phát thì. Thấy nghĩa lòng đâu dám hững hờ Làm trai trung hiếu quyết tôn thờ Thân này sống chết khôn màng nhắc Thương bấy mẹ già tóc bạc phơ Seeing righteousness, how could one not bravely act? Relying on loyalty and filial piety to be

5472-510: Was lost to Eastern Wu by Guan Yu during the Three Kingdoms period leading to the modern phrase "dàyì shī Jīngzhōu" ( 大意失荆州 ), lit.   ' carelessness lost Jingzhou ' . Under the Tang dynasty , it served as the southern capital and was known as Nandu ( 南都 ; 'south capital'). Later on, Jiangling was the capital of the Southern Qi and Liang dynasties. It was

5548-536: Was one of the six gentlemen of the Hundred Days' Reform , and occupies an important place in modern Chinese history. 望門投止思張儉 忍死須臾待杜根 我自橫刀向天笑 去留肝膽兩崑崙 Should I run and hide in my friend's home? On Zhang Jian muse I. Till death I long for myr'ad Du Gen's to rise and loudly cry. Let the sword fall on my neck, I am laughing at the sky – I leave my Loyalty and Justice, twin- Kunluns , behind! The poem's structure can be in one of many forms, including

5624-508: Was selected into the poem collection Ogura Hyakunin Isshu . 夜もすがら 契りし事を 忘れずは　こひむ涙の 色ぞゆかしき 知る人も なき别れ路に 今はとて 心ぼそくも 急ぎたつかな 烟とも 雲ともならぬ 身なれども 草葉の露を それとながめよ yo mosu gara / chigirishi koto o / wasurezu wa/ kohimu namida no/ irozo yukashiki shiru hito mo/naki wakare chi ni / ima wa tote / kokoro bosoku mo / isogi tasu kana kemuri tomo / kumo tomo naranu / mi nare domo / kusaba no tsuyu wo / sore to nagame yo If you remember

5700-511: Was stationed in Fujian Province . As a representative of the Ming royal house, he was used by Koxinga as a rallying point to regroup the anti-Qing forces. Koxinga died in 1663, whereupon his son Zheng Jing succeeded him. In 1664, in support of the legitimacy of the Ming dynasty, Zheng Jing invited the Prince of Ningjing to Taiwan. He built a residential mansion for the Prince in the district of Xidingfang, adjacent to Fort Provintia in

5776-640: Was where the State of Chu was founded. Ying , an ancient city within the borders of present-day Jingzhou, became the capital of the State of Chu in 689 BCE, and remained as such for over 400 years, including during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of the Zhou dynasty . During the Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms era, Jingzhou was known as Nanjun due to it being the seat of Nanjun district . The city

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