Misplaced Pages

#396603

87-502: The Nissan Kicks ( Japanese : 日産・キックス , Hepburn : Nissan Kikkusu ) is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Nissan since 2016. The crossover was initially introduced as a concept car under the same name and was premiered at the 2014 São Paulo International Motor Show . Nissan claimed the concept is inspired by the streets of Brazil. The first-generation, V platform -based Kicks debuted in São Paulo , Brazil in mid-2016 with

174-583: A HR12DE 1.2-litre 3-cylinder petrol engine and an EM57 electric motor that drives the front wheels, making it a series hybrid vehicle with no plug-in capability. The Kicks e-Power was also revealed in Japan on 24 June 2020 and released on 30 June 2020, as well as in Singapore on 9 July 2020, Indonesia on 2 September 2020, the Philippines on 12 August 2022, and Vietnam on 2 November 2022. Its launch for

261-631: A Bose premium amplified audio system that features small speakers mounted in the front headrests. In August 2024, the Kicks in Mexico and Canada continued to be sold alongside the new model as the Kicks Play . On 15 May 2020, the Kicks e-Power was released in Thailand. Only produced in Thailand, the variant features an updated look with reworked front fascia and tail lights. The Kicks e-Power combines

348-409: A Fan Edition version of the Kicks on a moose test . Due to a lack of an electronic stability program (ESP) in this particular trim, the Kicks nearly rolled over while performing the test at 65 km/h. A higher-spec model with ESP was also tested, and it managed to keep all four tires on the ground at the same speed but the driver did not feel the car could manage to return to the road, hence failing

435-637: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down

522-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )

609-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as

696-442: A larger grille and LED headlights. The rear fascia received minor updates, mostly to the bumper. Inside, the 2021 Kicks received upgrades including a centre armrest, larger touchscreen, and an electronic parking brake. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration is standard. Trim levels and powertrain are unchanged. The suspension for the 2021 Kicks, which features an independent front strut with rear twin-tube shock absorbers,

783-484: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it

870-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),

957-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate

SECTION 10

#1732791483397

1044-680: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of

1131-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of

1218-1178: Is a 0.9 L (898 cc) multi point injected, turbocharged, straight-3 engine. It produces 66 kW (89 hp; 90 PS) at 5500 rpm and 135 to 140 N⋅m (100 to 103 lbf⋅ft) at 2250–2500 rpm. A 110hp version was available in the Twingo GT (2016-2018). The HR13DDT is a 1.3 L (1,332 cc) all-aluminium direct injected and turbocharged straight-four engine equipped with lifetime timing chain , 16v DOHC, VVT, variable displacement oil pump, Stop-Start, regenerative braking, and Bore Spray Coating system (as installed in Nissan GT-R models), Bore: 72.2 mm (2.84 in), Stroke 81.3 mm (3.20 in). There are three different versions: 85 kW (114 hp; 116 PS) at 4500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft) at 1500–3500 rpm, 103 kW (138 hp; 140 PS) at 5000 rpm with 240 N⋅m (177 lbf⋅ft) at 1600–3600 rpm, and 117 kW (157 hp; 159 PS) at 5500 rpm with 270 N⋅m (199 lbf⋅ft) at 1800–3500 rpm depending on

1305-653: Is a 1.0 L (999 cc) naturally aspirated straight-three engine . Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 69.7 mm (2.74 in); 12v DOHC. It produces 56.6 kW (77 PS; 76 hp) and 98 N⋅m (72 lbf⋅ft). Flex-Fuel, gasoline (E22) or ethanol (E100). Compression ratio of 11.2:1. It is fitted to the following vehicles: The HR12DE is a 1.2 L (1,198 cc) naturally aspirated straight-three engine . Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 83.6 mm (3.29 in); 12-valve DOHC; EFI with variable valve timing. It produces 59 kW (80 PS; 79 hp) and 108 N⋅m (80 lbf⋅ft). It

1392-623: Is a 1.6 L (1,598 cc) naturally aspirated gasoline straight-4 engine, 16 valve DOHC; EFI; with variable valve timing. This engine has two fuel injectors per cylinder to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 83.6 mm (3.29 in). It produces 77 to 88 kW (103 to 118 hp; 105 to 120 PS) and 158 N⋅m (117 lbf⋅ft) at 4000 rpm. A new version (still 8 Cycle) has been released to equip Renault hybrids (E-Tech), it produces 67 kW (90 hp; 91 PS) at 5600 rpm and 144 N⋅m (106 lbf⋅ft) at 3200 rpm. It

1479-989: Is also identical to the previous 2020 model. The updated Kicks went on sale in North America in February 2021 and in the Middle East in July 2021. The Kicks is equipped with Nissan's HR16DE 1.6 L four-cylinder petrol engine shared with the Versa . This engine generates 125 hp (127 PS; 93 kW) and 155 N⋅m (114 lb⋅ft; 16 kg⋅m) of torque. Nissan rates this engine to receive an EPA fuel economy rating of 31 miles per US gallon (13.2 km/L; 7.6 L/100 km) city and 36 miles per US gallon (15.3 km/L; 6.5 L/100 km) highway. The Chinese and Taiwanese version uses Nissan's HR15DE 1.5 L four-cylinder petrol engine. The e-Power version uses

1566-526: Is also offered with the X-Tronic CVT transmission option for the first time. The Kicks was made an official car for the 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup . In 2023, Nissan announced that the Kicks will be ending production in India and discontinued at the market due to poor sales, and the vehicle was not made compliant with Bharat Stage 6 Phase 2 emissions regulations. The second-generation Kicks debuted in

1653-448: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,

1740-527: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing

1827-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number

SECTION 20

#1732791483397

1914-701: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider

2001-466: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto

2088-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to

2175-472: Is fitted to the following vehicles: Changes include: The improved HR15DE engines were first used in Nissan Cube, Nissan Cube Cubic, Nissan Note, Nissan Tiida, Nissan Tiida Latio and Nissan Wingroad sold since December 25, 2006. The HR12DDR is a 1.2 L (1,198 cc) supercharged straight-3 engine, equipped with timing chain and direct injection. The engine dimensions are the same as for

2262-502: Is fitted to the following vehicles: 1397 cc, 96 kW (130 PS) at 5500 rpm, 190 Nm at 2250 rpm. Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 73.1 mm (2.88 in). The HR14DDe is a 1.4 L (1,433 cc) naturally aspirated straight-3 engine. Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 100 mm (3.94 in); 12v DOHC; direct injection with variable valve timing. It produces 72 kW (97 hp; 98 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 123 N⋅m (91 lbf⋅ft). Purposely, this engine

2349-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through

2436-755: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey

2523-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of

2610-436: Is only built as a power generator for the electric motor. The HR15DE is a 1.5 L (1,498 cc) naturally aspirated straight-4 engine. Bore: 78 mm (3.07 in); Stroke 78.4 mm (3.09 in); 16 valve DOHC; EFI with variable valve timing. It produces 74 kW (99 hp; 101 PS) at 6000 rpm and 134.4 N⋅m (99 lbf⋅ft) at 4000 rpm and is fitted to the following vehicles: The HR16DE

2697-498: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and

Nissan Kicks - Misplaced Pages Continue

2784-583: Is the only available choice in the US market. For the first time outside of Japan, the Kicks is also available with optional all-wheel drive . The interior features twin 7-inch screens that serve as the gauge cluster and infotainment system, which offers Bluetooth connectivity, an aux jack and a USB type-A port. They can be optionally upgraded to 12.3-inch screens with upgraded infotainment which offers wireless Android Auto and Apple CarPlay support. An available 10-speaker Bose sound system features speakers integrated into

2871-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and

2958-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have

3045-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns

3132-518: The HR12DE 1.2 L three-cylinder petrol engine rated at 78 hp (79 PS; 58 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 103 N⋅m (76 lb⋅ft; 11 kg⋅m) of torque at 4,400 rpm as a generator for the 1.57 kWh battery located under the front seats. The car itself is powered by an EM57 electric motor with 127 hp (129 PS; 95 kW) and 260 N⋅m (192 lb⋅ft; 27 kg⋅m) of torque. On 1 August 2018, Mexican automotive magazine Autología took

3219-563: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered

3306-690: The B0 platform-based Renault Captur to reduce costs, as both were manufactured in the same Renault-Nissan plant in Chennai . As the result, the Indian-market Kicks shares very little parts or sheet metal with the global Kicks. The D15 Kicks initially was offered with the H4K naturally aspirated petrol engine and the K9K diesel engine, both mated to a 6-speed manual transmission. Both engines are shared with

3393-897: The HR12DE . It produces 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp) and 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft). Designed for small-car applications, this gasoline engine incorporates a variety of technologies to minimize CO 2 emissions while providing practical levels of power output. Some of the pertinent features are: It is fitted to the following vehicles: The HR12DDV is a 1.2 L (1,199 cc) all-aluminium direct injected and variable geometry turbocharged straight-three engine 48V mHEV equipped with lifetime timing chain , 12v DOHC, VVT, variable displacement oil pump, electric driven water pump, with Bore Spray Coating, Stop-Start, and regenerative braking, Bore and stroke are 75.5 and 89.3 mm (2.97 and 3.52 in) respectively. It produces between 130 hp (96 kW) with 205 N⋅m (151 lbf⋅ft) for

3480-517: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in

3567-581: The Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as

Nissan Kicks - Misplaced Pages Continue

3654-514: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than

3741-738: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of

3828-806: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to

3915-527: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),

4002-1042: The E-Tech version; 230 N⋅m (170 lbf⋅ft) for normal version, to 150 hp (110 kW) with 230 N⋅m (170 lbf⋅ft) depending on the application. Renault marketing names for these engines are TCe 130, TCe 150 (on the Grand Austral) and E-Tech 200. It is fitted to the following vehicles: The HR12DDT is a 1.2 L (1,197 cc) all-aluminium direct injected and turbocharged straight-four engine equipped with lifetime timing chain , 16v DOHC, VVT, variable displacement oil pump, Stop-Start and regenerative braking, Bore: 72.2 mm (2.84 in), Stroke 73.1 mm (2.88 in). It produces two choices, 85 kW (114 hp; 116 PS) at 4500 or 5000 or 6000 rpm with 190 N⋅m (140 lbf⋅ft) at 1900–4000 rpm and 97 kW (130 hp; 132 PS) at 5000–5500; rpm with 205 N⋅m (151 lbf⋅ft) at 2000–3000 rpm depending on

4089-486: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,

4176-663: The Juke and also indirectly replaced the Versa Note as a subcompact hatchback offering in the region. The Kicks was launched in the Middle East in December 2017. The Kicks features a standard touchscreen audio system with Bluetooth for hands-free calling and wireless stereo audio streaming, as well as USB integration and a rearview backup camera display. Up-level models also offer an upgraded infotainment system Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration, as well as

4263-457: The Mexican market was announced on 10 September 2021, to celebrate Nissan's 60th anniversary in the Mexican market. Since June 2022, all-wheel drive is available by the addition of a MM48 motor as an option for the Japanese market. An updated version of the standard Kicks was revealed in December 2020. The front fascia was made identical to the Kicks e-Power that was launched earlier, with

4350-946: The North American market in March 2024. Originally unveiled as a concept in 2014, the Nissan Kicks was showcased across Brazil during summer 2016 to promote the Summer Olympics , of which Nissan was a lead sponsor. The crossover went on sale in China in July 2017, replacing the Livina C-Gear . The Kicks made the North American debut on 29 November 2017 at the Los Angeles Auto Show and was slated to be on sale in June 2018. Imported from Mexico, it replaced

4437-628: The North American market second-generation Kicks will be done in Aguascalientes , Mexico. Nissan was forced to delay the start of production (SOP) date by an additional six months from the initially planned December 2023 to June 2024 due to several issues, such as failure to pass crash safety tests and tooling theft at a supplier factory in Mexico. Pricing for the North American-spec Kicks were announced in August 2024. For

SECTION 50

#1732791483397

4524-526: The North American market, the trim levels are: S, SV and SR, with Premium Packages available for the SV and SR trim levels. Pricing for the Mexican-spec Kicks were announced on 6 November 2024. For the Mexican market, the trim levels are: Sense, Advance, Exclusive and Platinum. Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] ) is the principal language of

4611-736: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently

4698-779: The P15 chassis code. The car was designed collaboratively by Nissan's design headquarters in Atsugi , Japan, Nissan Design America (NDA) in San Diego , California , and Nissan Design America Rio de Janeiro . The first-generation Kicks was then gradually rolled out across Latin America, then it entered the United States and Canada in 2018 to replace the Juke as the subcompact crossover offering in both countries. The B0 platform -based Kicks

4785-533: The Renault Captur. In May 2020, Nissan removed the K9K diesel engine option due to the implementation of Bharat Stage 6 emission standards. A Renault-Nissan-Daimler HR13DDT petrol turbocharged engine became the replacement. The turbo engine is rated at 156 hp (158 PS; 116 kW) and 254 N⋅m (187 lb⋅ft; 26 kg⋅m), which Nissan claimed was the most powerful in its segment. The engine

4872-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand

4959-446: The U.S. on 22 March 2024 for the 2025 model year. The model is 71 mm (2.8 in) longer, 41 mm (1.6 in) wider and 20 mm (0.8 in) taller, with around 50 mm (2.0 in) longer wheelbase. The U.S. market model is powered by a larger 2.0-litre petrol engine, which is 13 kW (17 hp; 18 PS) more powerful than the 1.6-litre petrol engine used by the previous generation Kicks. An Xtronic branded CVT

5046-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which

5133-425: The application. Renault brands for these engines are TCe115, TCe140 and TCe160. This engine tests WLTP proof (Euro 6c). This engine is also rebranded as a Mercedes-Benz under the name " M282 ", adding cylinder deactivation technology. It is fitted to the following vehicles: The HR10DET is a 1.0 L (999 cc) multi point injected, turbocharged, straight-three engine with a 72.2 mm (2.84 in) bore and

5220-456: The application. Renault marketing names for these engines are TCe115, TCe120, TCe125, and TCe130. It is fitted to the following vehicles: This engine has been plagued by abnormal oil consumption. The HR10DE is a 1.0 L (999 cc) multi point injected, naturally aspirated, straight-3 engine. It produces 45 to 52 kW (60 to 70 hp; 61 to 71 PS) at 6000 rpm and 91 N⋅m (67 lbf⋅ft) at 2850 rpm. The H4Bt

5307-578: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there

SECTION 60

#1732791483397

5394-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure

5481-444: The front passenger seats' headrests. A front wireless charging pad is optional in the centre console, along with up to four USB type-C ports. Cloth seating is standard with optional heated front seats, while higher trims receive leatherette seating surfaces. The driver's seat is 6-way manually adjustable, while the passenger seat is 4-way adjustable. Both rows feature an improved seating design Nissan calls Zero Gravity. Production of

5568-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had

5655-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,

5742-458: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system

5829-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of

5916-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,

6003-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by

6090-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with

6177-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,

6264-481: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as

6351-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning

6438-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )

6525-817: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this

6612-481: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This

6699-781: The test. The Kicks in its most basic Latin American market configuration with 2 airbags received 4 stars for adult occupants and 4 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2017. For the Indian market, a larger car with a similar styling as the original Kicks was introduced on 22 January 2019. It replaced the Nissan Terrano, a restyled Dacia Duster offered since 2013. The D15 Kicks was also offered in Nepal and Bangladesh. The Indian market Kicks shares platform and parts with Dacia Duster and

6786-557: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Nissan HR engine#HR16DE The HR10DE

6873-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,

6960-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of

7047-480: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It

7134-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending

7221-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or

7308-539: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular

7395-735: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,

7482-514: Was introduced in India in January 2019 with the D15 chassis code. The company stated the vehicle is built on the platform to reduce production costs. It is slightly larger than the V platform-based Kicks, and retained the same wheelbase as the first-generation Dacia Duster and the B0 platform-based Renault Captur . The D15 Kicks ceased production in 2023. The second-generation Kicks was introduced for

7569-474: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )

#396603