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74-544: The STR1 was the first car from the Faenza -based team to utilize Michelin tyres since the Minardi PS02 in 2002. The STR1 was also the first Toro Rosso F1 car to feature the mandatory 7-speed gearbox configuration. The STR1 was also the last Formula One car to utilize the 3.0 L V10 engine configuration (previously used between 1995 and 2005) to date, but with 16,700 rpm rev limiter and 77mm air restrictor. 2006 marked

148-471: A -29.2% loss in holdings for the region. The total utilised agricultural area (UAA) was 1,114,590 hectares (2,754,200 acres) in 2000 and 1,064,210 hectares (2,629,700 acres) in 2014 for a loss of 4.5%, indicating a downturn of smaller farm ownership. During this same timeframe there was a 14.5% decrease in the farm labor workforce. The Regional Government ( Giunta Regionale ) is presided by the President of

222-517: A centuries-old history of political and commercial relations with nearby Tuscany (especially with Florence). As a testament to the popularity of the city's majolica through the ages, on 18 August 2006, Quebec Premier Jean Charest announced that Canadian archaeologists had discovered the precise location of Canada's lost first colony of Charlesbourg-Royal , and that a fragment of a decorative Istoriato plate manufactured in Faenza between 1540 and 1550

296-641: A location to the east of the present station, near what is now Via Caldesi. Faenza is twinned with: [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Wood, James , ed. (1907). " Faenza ". The Nuttall Encyclopædia . London and New York: Frederick Warne. Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna ( UK : / ɪ ˌ m iː l i ə r oʊ ˈ m ɑː n j ə / , US : / eɪ ˌ -/ , both also / ɛ ˌ -/ , Italian: [eˈmiːlja roˈmaɲɲa] ; Emilian : Emégglia-Rumâgna or Emîlia-Rumâgna ; Romagnol : Emélia-Rumâgna )

370-550: A native of Bologna, shot numerous movies in the region, including the 1976 horror-thriller The House with Laughing Windows . Marco Bellocchio , a native of Bobbio, near Piacenza, directed many award-winning movies, such as his 2009 biopic Vincere . Liliana Cavani, a native of Carpi, near Modena, became internationally known after the success of her 1974 feature film The Night Porter . In addition, actor and filmmaker Vittorio De Sica shot in Ferrara his 1970 movie The Garden of

444-614: A new beginning, as Red Bull had bought the Minardi team which had competed in F1 for twenty years and renamed it using the Italian translation of their brand name. The new team inherited Minardi's technical team and its factory at Faenza only, as ex-owner Paul Stoddart kept Minardi's other property in Ledbury . A deal that allowed the team to run restricted V10 engines , instead of V8s ,

518-705: A non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. The unemployment rate stood at 5.1% in 2022 and was lower than the national average of 8.1%. The region of Emilia-Romagna has a very good system of transport, with 574 km of motorways, 1,053 km of railways and airports in Bologna, Forlì, Parma and Rimini. The main motorway crosses

592-416: A very well balanced economy that comprises Italy's biggest agricultural sector as well as a long-standing tradition in automobile, motor and mechanics manufacturing and a strong banking and insurance industry. In spite of the depth and variety of industrial activities in the region, agriculture has not been eclipsed. Emilia-Romagna is among the leading regions in the country, with farming contributing 5.8% of

666-528: Is a chemical industrial park  [ it ] in Ferrara , where different companies manufacturing polyethylene , polypropylene , synthetic rubber and nitrogenous fertilizers . Other industrial park is Mirandola Biomedical District . In Parma there is pharmaceutical manufacturing from Chiesi Farmaceutici . Sport and fitness articles is manufacturing by Technogym in Cesena . The ceramic sector

740-515: Is about 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) of public urban green area. The Bucci Park, created in 1968, has an area of about 80,000 square metres (20 acres) of undulating land, green meadows and fish-rich waters, with species of birds including wild duck, storks and swans. The Florence –Faenza 100-kilometre (62 mi) marathon, a demanding long-distance race held during the last weekend in May, attracts athletes of all nationalities. Faenza

814-472: Is also densely populated due to the booming seaside tourism in recent decades. In the peripheral areas of the Apennine Mountains and the agricultural plains around Ferrara and Piacenza, the population is less dense. The region has nine cities with populations exceeding one hundred thousand: Bologna, Parma, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Ravenna, Rimini, Ferrara, Forlì and Piacenza. These cities rank among

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888-519: Is an administrative region of northern Italy , comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna . Its capital is Bologna . It has an area of 22,446 km (8,666 sq mi), and a population of 4.4 million. Emilia-Romagna is one of the wealthiest and most developed regions in Europe, with the third highest gross domestic product per capita in Italy. It is also a cultural center, being

962-482: Is an Italian city and comune of 59,063 inhabitants in the province of Ravenna , Emilia-Romagna , situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) southeast of Bologna . Faenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica -ware glazed earthenware pottery, known from the French name of the town as faience . Faenza, at the foot of the first sub-Apennine hills, is surrounded by an agricultural region including vineyards in

1036-575: Is concentrated in Faenza and Sassuolo . Footwear industry is well developed and located in 2 industrial districts San Mauro Pascoli and between Fusignano and Bagnacavallo . Tourism is increasingly important, especially along the Adriatic coastline and the cities of art. The most popular location for seaside tourism is Rimini . Emilia-Romagna has many small and picturesque villages, 16 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ),

1110-813: Is home to the RB Formula One Team . Minardi , one of the last small, independent constructors in Formula One , was based in Faenza. The team continued to be based in Faenza after being bought in 2005 by Red Bull , who branded it as Scuderia Toro Rosso from 2006 to 2019, Scuderia AlphaTauri from 2020 to 2023, and RB Formula One Team since 2024. Also headquartered in Faenza is Gresini Racing , started in 1997 by Fausto Gresini , former 125cc world champion. The team has won 4 motorcycle world championships : one in 250cc with Daijiro Kato , one in Moto 2 with Toni Elías , one in Moto 3 with Jorge Martín and

1184-580: Is included in the wider group of western Romance languages (including French , Occitan and Catalan ). They are considered minority languages, structurally separated from Italian by the Ethnologue and by the Red Book of Endangered Languages of UNESCO . Emilia-Romagna today is considered one of the richest European regions and the third wealthiest Italian region by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. These results have been achieved by developing

1258-442: Is known for its egg and filled pasta made with soft wheat flour. Bologna is notable for pasta dishes like tortellini , lasagne , gramigna and tagliatelle made by sfoglini out of sfoglia . These are found also in many other parts of the region in different declinations. The Romagna subregion is known as well for pasta dishes like garganelli , strozzapreti , sfoglia lorda and tortelli alla lastra . In

1332-646: Is now covered (apart from the Mesóla forest in Province of Ferrara ) with fruit orchards and fields of wheat and sugar beet , the Pubescent oak - European hop-hornbeam belt on the lower slopes up to 800–900 m, the European beech - Silver fir belt between 800–900 m and 1,700 m and the final mountain heath belt above 1,700–1,800 m. Emilia-Romagna has two Italian National Parks,

1406-628: Is particularly concentrated in Parma , Modena and Bologna . Very important is production of Parma ham , Parmesan and Grana Padano cheeses, Modena balsamic vinegar , and Mortadella sausages. It is not restricted to these famous products, but also include production of sausages, other cheese, dairy products, coffee, sugar, fruit and vegetable conserves and stuffed pasta . Automotive industry produces sports cars ( Ferrari , Lamborghini , Maserati , Pagani ), trucks ( Astra ), buses ( Menarinibus ) and motorcycles ( Ducati , Bimota ). Machine building

1480-529: Is well-developed and represented with fork-lifts ( OM Still , FMTH Fantuzzi), skid-steer loader ( CNH Industrial ), tractors ( Argo , Goldoni , Arbos ), motors ( VM Motori , Lombardini ), vehicle gas-fuel equipment ( Landi Renzo ), undercarriages ( ThyssenKrupp Berco ), ceramic machine ( SACMI ), packaging machine ( Coesia  [ it ] , SACMI , IMA ), pumps ( Interpump ), wood-working machine tools (SCM Group), home appliance ( Smeg , Saeco ), automatic data capture equipment ( Datalogic ) etc. There

1554-514: The Apennines is marked by areas of flysch , badland erosion ( calanques ) and caves . The mountains stretch for more than 300 km (186.41 mi) from the north to the south-east, with only three peaks above 2,000 m – Monte Cimone (2,165 m), Monte Cusna (2,121 m) and Alpe di Succiso (2,017 m). The plain was formed by the gradual retreat of the sea from the Po basin and by

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1628-585: The Emilia subregion, except Piacenza which is heavily influenced by the cuisines of Lombardia where rice is more common, rice is eaten to a lesser extent. Polenta , a maize-based dish, is common both in Emilia and Romagna. The celebrated balsamic vinegar is made only in the Emilian cities of Modena and Reggio Emilia , following legally binding traditional procedures. Parmigiano Reggiano (Parmesan Cheese)

1702-629: The Foreste Casentinesi National Park and the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park . Emilia-Romagna has been a highly populated area since ancient times. Inhabitants over the centuries have radically altered the landscape , building cities, reclaiming wetlands, and establishing large agricultural areas. All these transformations in past centuries changed the aspect of the region, converting large natural areas to cultivation, up until

1776-607: The Popes of Rome , the Farnese of Parma and Piacenza, and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio , jostled for power and influence. The House of Este gained a notable profile for its political and military might and its patronage of the arts: it left behind a vast heritage of splendid Renaissance palaces, precious paintings and literary masterpieces, such as the works of Ludovico Ariosto , Torquato Tasso and Matteo Maria Boiardo . Following

1850-733: The United Kingdom and Brazil . As of 2008 , the Italian National Institute of Statistics ( ISTAT ) estimated that 365,687 foreign-born immigrants lived in Emilia-Romagna, equal to 8.5% of the total regional population. Apart from standard Italian , Emilian and Romagnolo , two closely related languages that are part of the Emiliano-Romagnolo language family , are the local languages of Emilia-Romagna. They are Romance languages spoken in

1924-748: The golden age of the Renaissance. Other interesting art collections are located in the Municipal Art Gallery, the Diocese Museum, the Bendandi Museum and the Manfredi Library. The historic production of Faenza majolica is recognized worldwide as one of the highest moments of artistic creativity expressed through pottery. The tradition was born from a convergence of favourable conditions: a territory rich in clay,

1998-636: The 1960s. The trend then changed, and agricultural lands began giving way to residential and industrial areas. The increase of urban-industrial areas continued at very high rates until the end of the 2010s. In the same period, hilly and mountainous areas saw an increase in the registration of semi-natural areas, because of the abandonment of agricultural lands. Land use changes can have strong effects on ecological functions. Human interactions such as agriculture, forestation and deforestation affect soil function , e.g. food and other biomass production, storing, filtering and transformation, habitat and gene pool. In

2072-649: The 2/3 evenings of the duration of the event. The event takes place in the historic center. Typical regional dishes include home-made tagliatelle, cappelletti, lasagna and strozzapreti with the Romagna meat sauce. Some of the typical restaurants in Faenza are La Baita, Marianaza, Trattoria da Manueli where you can find traditional local dishes. The Botanical Gardens , next to the Civic Natural Science Museum with its collections, houses more than 170 species of plants indigenous to Romagna. There

2146-458: The 50 most populous in Italy. The regional capital, Bologna, has about 400,000 inhabitants and lies at the heart of a metropolitan area of about one million residents. Between 1876 and 1976, about 1.2 million people emigrated from Emilia-Romagna to other countries. As of 2008 , there were 119,369 people from this region living outside Italy, particularly in Argentina , Switzerland , France ,

2220-715: The 6th to 8th centuries, the region of Romagna was under Byzantine rule and Ravenna was the capital of the Exarchate of Italy within the Eastern Roman Empire. In the 8th century, this region became a province of the Papal States when Pepin, the father of Charlemagne, donated the land to the Pope in 754. During the 10th century, northern Italy became part of the Holy Roman Empire under the control of

2294-576: The 8th century on. Around the year 1000 with the government of the Bishops and subsequently in the age of the Comune the city began a long period of richness and building expansion which reached its peak with the rule of the Manfredi family . The first consuls were elected in 1141 and in 1155 a podestà was in charge of government of the city. In the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines that began in

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2368-581: The Carnè Natural Park, a vast green area with a visitor's centre and refreshments, are also of great interest, characterized by a typical landscape of dolinas, ravines and swallow holes. Faenza is home to the International Museum of Ceramics. The museum houses pieces from all over the world and from every epoch, from classical amphoras to the works of Chagall and Picasso , and there is a rich section dedicated to Faenza pottery in

2442-421: The Emilia-Romagna plain, which represents half of the region and where three quarters of the population of the region live, the agricultural land area has been reduced by 157 km while urban and industrial areas have increased to over 130 km between 2003 and 2008. The impact of land use and particularly of the urbanisation of the Emilia-Romagna plain during this period has had some strong consequences in

2516-567: The Finzi-Continis . Other actors from Emilia-Romagna include Gino Cervi , who played Peppone in the Don Camillo 1950s–1960s movie series; Rossano Brazzi , who acted in numerous English-language films, including the 1954 drama film The Barefoot Contessa ; and the 1980s comedy duo Gigi e Andrea . Emilia-Romagna is considered one of the richest regions of Italy with regard to its gastronomic and wine-making tradition. The region

2590-746: The Germanic leader Otto I. The Holy Roman emperors had varying degrees of control over northern Italy until the close of the Middle Ages. In the 12th century, the papacy extended its political influence and city states began to form in opposition to the Holy Roman emperors. The northern cities, supported by the Pope, formed the Lombard League and reduced the influence of the ruling Hohenstaufen dynasty over their lands. Division between imperial partisans and their opponents created factions called

2664-676: The Guelphs and the Ghibelines which would divide the cities for centuries. For the next few centuries both Emilia and Romagna were ruled by papal legates or representatives of the Pope. The University of Bologna —the oldest university in the world, established in AD 1088—and its bustling towns kept trade and intellectual life alive. Local nobility like the Este of Ferrara, the Malatesta of Rimini,

2738-480: The Italian "Red Quadrilateral" or sometimes " Red Belt " called with Tuscany , Umbria and Marche . This is probably due to the strength of the anti-fascist resistance around the time of World War II as well as a strong tradition of anti-clericalism dating from the 19th century, when part of the region belonged to the Papal States . The strength of the anti-fascist resistance is one of the main factors, along with

2812-723: The Region ( Presidente della Regione ), who is elected for a five-year term. The Regional Government is composed of the President and the Ministers ( Assessori ), of which there are currently twelve including the Vice President and the Under-Secretary for the President's office. Apart from the province of Piacenza , Emilia-Romagna was historically a stronghold of the Italian Communist Party , forming

2886-918: The STR1 were from parent company Red Bull and suppliers Michelin and Cosworth . The STR1 is still actively used in the BOSS GP Series , driven by Ingo Gerstl for the Top Speed team and have won the Open Class title from 2016 to 2020 and in 2022. ( key ) (results in bold indicate pole position ) Driver did not finish the Grand Prix but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Faenza Faenza ( UK : / f ɑː ˈ ɛ n t s ə / , US : / f ɑː ˈ ɛ n z ə / ; Italian: [faˈɛntsa] ; Romagnol : Fènza or Fẽza ; Latin : Faventia )

2960-609: The best place to see in Europe. The name Emilia-Romagna is a legacy of Ancient Rome . Emilia derives from the via Aemilia , the Roman road connecting Piacenza to Rimini , completed in 187 BC, and named after the consul Marcus Aemilius Lepidus . Romagna derives from Romània , the name of the Eastern Roman Empire applied to Ravenna by the Lombards when the western Empire had ceased to exist and Ravenna

3034-621: The city as staunchly Guelph in sympathies. It fought for the pope in the War of the Keys (1229). At the beginning of the 14th century the Guelph Manfredi began a rule over Faenza that was to last for almost two centuries. The peak of splendour was reached under Carlo II Manfredi , in the second half of the century, when the city centre was renewed. In 1488 Galeotto Manfredi was assassinated by his wife: his son Astorre III succeeded him, but

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3108-541: The city flourished considerably as a result of its agricultural propensities and the development of industrial activities such as the production of everyday pottery and brickwork objects and linen textiles. Here Totila and an Ostrogothic army defeated the Byzantine army in Italy in the Battle of Faventia in 542 CE. After a period of decadence from the 2nd century to the early Middle Ages it regained prosperity from

3182-445: The detritus deposited by the rivers. Almost entirely marshland in ancient times, its history is characterised by the hard work of its people to reclaim and reshape the land in order to achieve a better standard of living. The geology varies, with lagoons and saline areas in the north and many thermal springs throughout the rest of the region as a result of groundwater rising towards the surface at different periods of history. All

3256-496: The economic and ecological assessment of the region. The loss of arable land is equivalent to a permanent loss of the capacity to feed 440,000 persons per year from resources grown within the region. The increased water runoff due to soil sealing requires adaptation measures for river and irrigation canals such as the building of retention basins , at a total cost estimated in the order of billions of euros. In 2000 there were 103,700 farm holdings and in 2010 there were 73,470, or

3330-616: The effectiveness of trade-unionism, that led to the dominance of the PCI in the region. Emilia-Romagna has since World War II been a left-wing stronghold, nowadays led by the Democratic Party , since its creation in 2007. Emilia-Romagna is divided into nine provinces. Apart from the creation of the Metropolitan City of Bologna , plans to reduce the number of provinces from nine to four have been dropped. ISTAT estimates

3404-467: The engine agreement was designed to benefit the poor Minardi team, not the much richer Red Bull company. However, this wore off as the season progressed, as fears over the car's potential performance advantage proved to be unfounded. This was largely due to the year-old chassis, the torque advantage of the V10 being canceled out by traction control , and the lack of engine development and tyre testing given to

3478-405: The first local product, the cultivation of fruit trees has developed (especially peaches, but also apricots, plums, apples and pears). Cattle and pig breeding are also highly developed. Farm cooperatives have been working along these lines in recent years. With their long tradition in the region there are now about 8,100 cooperatives, generally in the agricultural sector and mainly located in

3552-405: The following years Faenza was at first loyal to the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1178, however, it changed side and entered the Lombard League . The inner disputes anyway favoured acquisition of power by Maghinardo Pagano , who remained podestà and capitano del popolo for several years. The Chronicle of Faenza , completed in 1236, is a history of the city from its founding. It shows

3626-459: The gods", in modern English. The very name, coming from the Romans who developed this center under the name of Faventia , has become synonymous with ceramics ( majolica ) in various languages, including French (faïence) and English ( faience ). Here Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius defeated the populares army of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo in 82 BC. From the second half of the 1st century AD

3700-548: The gross regional product. The agricultural sector has aimed for increased competitiveness by means of structural reorganisation and high-quality products, and this has led to the success of marketed brands. Cereals , potatoes , maize , tomatoes and onions are the most important products, along with fruit and grapes for the production of wine (of which the best known are Emilia's Lambrusco , Bologna's Pignoletto  [ it ] , Romagna's Sangiovese and white Albana ). Alongside cereals, which for centuries remained

3774-542: The hills, and cultivated land with traces of the ancient Roman land-division system, and fertile market gardens in the plains. In the nearby green valleys of the rivers Samoggia and Lamone there are great number of 18th and 19th century stately homes, set in extensive grounds or preceded by long cypress-lined driveways. According to mythology , the name of the first settlement, Faoentia , had Etruscan and Celtic roots, meaning in Latin "Splendeo inter deos" or "I shine among

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3848-530: The home of the University of Bologna , the oldest university in the world. Some of its cities, such as Modena , Parma , Ferrara , and Ravenna , are UNESCO heritage sites. It is a center for food and automobile production (such as Ferrari , Lamborghini , and Maserati ). It has coastal resorts such as Cervia , Cesenatico , and Rimini . In 2018, the Lonely Planet guide named Emilia-Romagna as

3922-524: The last one with Matteo Ferrari in MotoE . Faenza has been host to Motocross World Championship Grand Prix numerous times, the last one in 2020. The track used is Monte Coralli Circuit, located 8 km from the city center. Faenza railway station , at Piazza Cesare Battisti , forms part of the Bologna–Ancona railway . It is also a terminus of two secondary railways, linking Faenza with Ravenna and Florence , respectively. Opened in 1893, it replaced an earlier station, which had been opened in 1861 at

3996-500: The part-team owner Gerhard Berger for their performances. The team eventually finished ninth in the Constructors' Championship, with one point. Compared to its parent team livery , the STR1 sported a darker shade of blue, with a golden-tipped nosecone. The car had a distinctive raging bull painting on its engine cover, which was designed by Austrian sculptor Jos Pirkner  [ nl ] . and handsprayed by Knud Tiroch before each Grand Prix. The only sponsors logos present in

4070-457: The population of Emilia-Romagna was 4,459,577 on 1 January 2019. The population density, which was equal to 200 inhabitants per km in 2019, is close to the national average. The population of this region is traditionally evenly distributed, with no dominant metropolis but rather a line of medium-sized cities along the Via Emilia , where two thirds of the population and the majority of the industrial production are concentrated. The coast of Romagna

4144-527: The provinces of Bologna (2,160) and Forlì-Cesena (1,300). The regional economy is more geared to export markets than other regions in the country: the main exports are from mechanical engineering (53%), the extraction of non-metallic minerals (13%) and the clothing industry (10%). Industry in the region presents a varied and complex picture and is located along the Via Emilia. The food industry (e.g. Barilla , Parmalat , Granarolo , Zanetti , Grandi Salumifici Italiani, Cremonini, Fini, Conserve Italia )

4218-442: The referendum of 2006, seven municipalities of Montefeltro were detached from the Province of Pesaro and Urbino ( Marche ) to join that of Rimini on 15 August 2009. The municipalities are Casteldelci , Maiolo , Novafeltria , Pennabilli , San Leo , Sant'Agata Feltria and Talamello . On 20 and 29 May 2012 two powerful earthquakes struck the central area of the region, killing 27 people and causing substantial damages to

4292-431: The region from north-west (Piacenza) to the south-east (Adriatic coast), connecting the main cities of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, and from here further to Ravenna, Rimini and the Adriatic coast. Emilia-Romagna has given birth to a number of important filmmakers and actors and was the main setting for numerous important movies. Bernardo Bertolucci was a native from Parma and his 1976 masterpiece, 1900 ,

4366-410: The region's artistic heritage as well as to numerous manufacturing facilities. The 5.8 magnitude earthquake left 14,000 people temporarily homeless. The region of Emilia-Romagna consists of nine provinces and covers an area of 22,446 km (8,666 sq mi), ranking sixth in Italy. Nearly half of the region (48%) consists of plains while 27% is hilly and 25% mountainous. The region's section of

4440-426: The region, in Northern Marche and other nearby areas such as parts of Massa-Carrara , Mantua , Pavia and Rovigo provinces and in San Marino . The Sillaro river ( Emilian : Séllar in Emilian), near the town of Castel San Pietro Terme , is the border between Emilia and Romagna. They belong to the Northern Italian group within Romance languages (like Piedmontese , Lombard , Ligurian and Venetian ), which

4514-403: The rise of Napoleon , the region of Emilia came under French control. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, there was a growing movement for Italian national unity and independence. In 1848, a revolution in Vienna initiated uprisings against Austrian rule. The following decades saw uprisings in several regions and, in 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was established. During this Italian Unification ,

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4588-413: The rivers rise locally in the Apennines except for the Po, which has its source in the Alps in Piedmont . The northern border of Emilia-Romagna follows the path of the river for 263 km ( 163 + 1 ⁄ 2  mi). The region has temperate broadleaved and mixed forests and the vegetation may be divided into belts: the Common oak - European hornbeam belt ( Padan plain and adriatic coast) which

4662-437: The so-called Biennio Rosso , a period of left-wing agitations that paved the way for Benito Mussolini 's coup d'état in 1922 and the birth of the Fascist regime in Italy. Mussolini, a native of Emilia-Romagna, sponsored the rise of many hierarchs coming from his same region, such as Italo Balbo , Dino Grandi and Edmondo Rossoni . Towards the end of the Second World War , Emilia-Romagna was occupied by Germany and has been

4736-400: The team. However, the team were generally more competitive than Midland / Spyker and Super Aguri , and Liuzzi was able to score the team's only point at Indianapolis . Liuzzi was generally the quicker of the drivers, although Speed improved as he gained experience. Despite both gettings involved in several accidents and mistakes due to their inexperience, the STR duo both drew praise from

4810-399: The territories of Emilia and Romagna would be incorporated into the new nation. In the 16th century, most of what would become Emilia-Romagna had been seized by the Papal States, but the territories of Parma, Piacenza, and Modena remained independent until Emilia-Romagna became part of the Italian kingdom between 1859 and 1861. After the First world war, Emilia-Romagna was at the centre of

4884-435: The theatre of numerous Nazi war crimes , such as the Marzabotto massacre in which 770 innocent civilians were brutally executed by German troops. During the Cold war era , Bologna, traditionally a left-wing city, was particularly hit by political street violence and terrorism ; in 1980 a far-right terrorist group detonated a bomb at the city's main railway station, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200. After

4958-401: The town, re-evokes the magnificence and struggles of Faenza in the Manfredi epoch . In the last weekend of September, the MEI - Meeting delle Etichette Indipendenti (Independent Label Meeting) takes place, a musical event in which record companies and musicians who define themselves as independent from the major record companies gather. Musicians of national caliber participate with concerts in

5032-452: The two contiguous main squares: Piazza del Popolo, lined by two double order porticoed wings, and Piazza della Libertà. Among the other monuments of the historic centre are Palazzo Milzetti , the richest and most significant Neoclassical building in the region, and the Teatro Masini (1780–1787). In the nearby, the Villa Case Grandi dei Ferniani has a collection of 18th and 19th century Faenza ceramics. Grotta Tanaccia Karstic Park and

5106-410: Was an outpost of the east (540–751) . Before the Romans took control of present-day Emilia-Romagna, it had been part of the Etruscan world and subsequently that of the Gauls . During the first thousand years of Christianity, trade flourished, as did culture and religion, thanks to the region's numerous monasteries . The history of Emilia-Romagna dates back to Roman times when the region of Emilia

5180-403: Was also maintained despite the new ownership. This allowed Toro Rosso to use an almost identical version of the previous year's Red Bull RB1 coupled with the same Cosworth engines, only power-restricted under the FIA 's equivalency formula and also without any factory support from Cosworth . Both the chassis-sharing and V10 engine usage remained controversial topics throughout the season, as

5254-410: Was found there that could only have belonged to a member of the French aristocracy in the colony. In September and October international contemporary and classical ceramic art events, such as Argillà Italia and Buongiorno Ceramica , draw majolica amateurs, collectors and artists to Faenza from all over the world. In June the Palio del Niballo , a tournament between five horsemen from the districts of

5328-564: Was in turn killed in Rome as a prisoner of Cesare Borgia , who had captured Faenza in 1501. After a brief period of Venetian domination Faenza became part of the Papal States until 1797. Faenza lost 1,322 of its citizens during World War II . After months of bombings and a bloody battle, it was liberated by the New Zealand Army ( 2nd New Zealand Division ) on 17 December 1944. Faenza's architectural attractions are concentrated in

5402-608: Was partially set in Emilia-Romagna. Federico Fellini , a native of Rimini, shot many movies in the region, among them Amarcord . Pier Paolo Pasolini , a native from Bologna, in addition to being a film director, was a poet, writer, and intellectual, who also distinguished himself as an actor, journalist, novelist, playwright, and political figure. Michelangelo Antonioni , a native of Ferrara, shot his 1964 movie Red Desert in Ravenna. Florestano Vancini , also from Ferrara, shot there his 1960 film Long Night in 1943 . Pupi Avati ,

5476-648: Was ruled by imperial judges linked to the nearby regions of either Liguria or Tuscany . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Lombards, a Germanic tribe, founded the kingdom of Lombardy in northern and central Italy. This kingdom, which included the region known as Emilia, flourished until the Lombard dynasty was overthrown by the Frankish king Charlemagne in 774. From

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