106-609: The College of St Gregory and St Martin at Wye , commonly known as Wye College , was an education and research institution in the village of Wye, Kent . In 1447, Cardinal John Kempe founded his chantry there which also educated local children. As of 2020, it still includes a rare, complete example of medieval chantry college buildings. After abolition in 1545, parts of the premises were variously occupied as mansion, grammar school , charity school , infant school and national school , before purchase by Kent and Surrey County Councils to provide men's technical education. For over
212-596: A Commission of Inquiry at Deptford , that payments to a Wye schoolmaster required under the college's original transfer to Buckler were no longer being made. The college buildings were occupied as a substantial private residence in 1610 for the Twysden family , incorporating the extant, fine Jacobean staircase and imposing fireplaces to the Hall and Parlour . The family may have previously occupied it as tenants of lawyer Henry Haule. In about 1626, King Charles I granted
318-471: A Multi-Use Games Area are located at the Wye Village Hall recreation ground on Bridge Street. The club began in 1971 with two locally constructed courts and use of a football club's changing room. A 1980 Portacabin was replaced in 2008 with the present purpose built clubhouse , and by 2012, there were five floodlit courts. Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury
424-577: A Royal Manor whose Liberty extended as far as Hawkhurst . The Palace complex by then was at Wye Court. Wye was important for being the first ford over the River Stour that travellers could cross on their route from the West Country to Dover . In 1307, King Edward II spent Christmas at Wye Court between the death of his father King Edward I , and his own coronation the following February. The father had received his Seal from
530-681: A Spitfire of No 19 Squadron from RAF Duxford crashed at Wye Court injuring the pilot and writing the aircraft off. The crash site was excavated in 1974 by the RAF Museum . Wye College was founded in 1447 as a chantry by Cardinal Kempe . From 1627, a grammar and charity school operated from the premises. In 1894 the buildings re-opened as the South Eastern Agricultural College, offering University of London degrees from 1898, and in 1948 incorporated as Wye College. It merged with Imperial College in 2000 but
636-465: A college of canons for the now collegiate church ; performed their chantry duties for the Kempes' souls, and included a teacher of grammar ( latin ). The master had to be a scholar of theology and member of Kempe's alma mater, Merton College . Kempe's statutes required the college to teach all scholars free, both rich and poor , though as a welcome seasonal exception grateful students could reward
742-569: A native European wheat variety collection eventually numbering over 2,500 varieties in the 1930s. John Russell had joined the college in 1901 and took over chemistry teaching from Henry Cousins. Russell began research into soil microbiology determining that oxygen uptake could be used to measure micro-organism activity in a soil sample. However, he too departed in 1907 taking up an invitation to rejoin Hall at Rothamstead. In 1968, Wye College's Russell Laboratories were named for him. In 1903,
848-526: A chapel. The pews are from E. W. Pugin 's original, demolished church of St Teresa in Ashford . Two possibly 18th century benches came from the chapel at Calehill House, Little Chart , itself demolished in 1952. Wye Cricket Club plays at Horton Meadow off Cherry Garden Lane. In 2014, it received a £2,000 grant from the Wye Children's Playing Field Charity Wye Tennis Club's five courts, and
954-407: A college of agriculture, Hall chose to appoint teaching staff that were scientists rather than agriculturalists with some scientific insight, and at opening, none had agricultural experience. He later accepted that with his initial over-emphasis on basic science the establishment was fortunate to be accepted so quickly by the farming community. Rather than entrust the new college's farm to Hall's team
1060-421: A drawing office as well as botany, zoology and analytical laboratories. With completion of works in 1914, space would be made available to support study of agriculture, horticulture, entomology, mycology , dairying , engineering , economics and physics. There was an iron workshop / forge and accommodation for operational research . Wye, Kent Wye is a village and former civil parish , now in
1166-399: A fifth of the South Eastern Agricultural College student intake was for three-year qualifications. Others undertook short, more applied instruction for two-year diplomas, or leading to a single year certificate. Short courses were provided, for instance to local school teachers tasked with instructing their pupils in nature topics. As well as teaching and research, academics and other staff at
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#17327801729241272-468: A good master for £16 and half a house". Cardinal Kempe's nephew Thomas Kempe sold Olantigh to Sir Timothy Thornhill in 1607. The 1708 will of Lady Joanna Thornhill, the daughter of Sir Bevil Grenville , second wife of descendant Richard Thornhill, and Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Catherine of Braganza provided funds to care for and educate the children of Wye. Her trust purchased parts of
1378-545: A hundred years Wye became the school, then college, of London University most concerned with rural subjects, including agricultural sciences; business management; agriculture; horticulture, and agricultural economics . Chemist and Actonian Prize winner, Louis Wain developed synthetic auxin selective herbicides 2,4-DB , MCPB and Bromoxynil at Wye in the 1950s alongside his other research into insecticides , plant growth regulators and fungicides . Wain's colleague Gerald Wibberley championed alternative priorities for
1484-511: A lease was arranged for 250 acres (100 ha) of land at Coldharbour Farm from Erle-Drax 's Olantigh Estate . Coldharbour was considered difficult, inhospitable, and a suitable challenge for the college to prove its ability to local farmers. In 1892, Kent and Surrey county councils obtained the old chantry premises for £1,000, the schools moving to a new building on land Lady Thornhill's trust owned in Bridge Street, and in 1894 opened
1590-751: A line of succession going back to Augustine of Canterbury , the "Apostle to the English", who was sent to England by Pope Gregory the Great and arrived in 597. From the time of Augustine until the sixteenth century, the archbishops of Canterbury were in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church and usually received the pallium from the Pope . During the English Reformation , King Henry VIII broke communion with Rome and became
1696-723: A matter of simply collecting insects to the study of damage they did to crops and how to mitigate it. He spent much of his time curating economic zoology and mosquito collections at the British Museum , and ceased lecturing at Wye from 1920 in favour of agricultural extension . Theobald's research on mosquitos and tropical sanitation earned him international recognition including the Order of Osmanieh and Mary Kingsley Medal . He lived at Wye Court until death in 1930, his coffin carried from there by former colleagues and students to Wye Church for burial. In its early years only about
1802-478: A number of years before the arrival of the first Christian mission to England. He permitted the preaching of Christianity. The first archbishop of Canterbury was Saint Augustine of Canterbury (not to be confused with Saint Augustine of Hippo ), who arrived in Kent in 597 AD, having been sent by Pope Gregory I on a mission to the English. He was accepted by King Æthelbert , on his conversion to Christianity, about
1908-603: A precedence of honour over the other bishops of the Anglican Communion. He is recognised as primus inter pares , or first amongst equals. He does not, however, exercise any direct authority in the provinces outside England, except in certain minor roles dictated by Canon in those provinces (for example, he is the judge in the event of an ecclesiastical prosecution against the archbishop of Wales). He does hold metropolitical authority over several extra-provincial Anglican churches , and he serves as ex officio bishop of
2014-467: A single, central agricultural university, potentially near Derby , but no appetite for a network of them or state funding. However nationally, now county councils chose to spend £80,000 per year of the Whiskey Money specifically for agricultural education. The combined Lady Thornhill Trust owned its school premises; nearby Amage Farm, and agricultural land on Romney Marsh . An 1891 proposal from
2120-485: Is Lambeth Palace . He also has an apartment within the Old Palace , next to Canterbury Cathedral which incorporates some 13th-century fabric of the medieval Archbishop's Palace. Former seats of the archbishops include: Since 1900, the following have served as archbishop of Canterbury: From 1660 to 1902, all the archbishops of Canterbury died in office. In 1928, two years before his death, Randall Davidson became
2226-472: Is grade I listed . Its original dedication was solely to Pope Gregory the Great . Saint Martin was added c. 1475 , possibly to recognise the role of Battle Abbey which was itself dedicated to Saint Martin and owned the Manor of Wye, and to be consistent with Wye College . A church on the present site was first constructed in 1290, and considerably more extensive than the present building. There
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#17327801729242332-571: Is a chapel of ease built in 1954 for the Parish of Saint Teresa of Avila , Ashford . Mass was celebrated in Wye for the first time since the reformation during World War II , when Wye College 's dining hall was made available to Catholic servicemen and local residents. Subsequently, and before the present building was constructed, a former stable at the Old Vicarage on Bridge Street was used as
2438-563: Is also a president of Churches Together in England (an ecumenical organisation). Geoffrey Fisher , 99th archbishop of Canterbury, was the first since 1397 to visit Rome, where he held private talks with Pope John XXIII in 1960. In 2005, Rowan Williams became the first archbishop of Canterbury to attend a papal funeral since the Reformation. He also attended the inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI . The 101st archbishop, Donald Coggan ,
2544-421: Is held by The Green in Wye on the first and third Saturday of every month. There are typically 15 vendors. During COVID-19 restrictions the market operated a virtual shop. 51°11′02″N 0°55′56″E / 51.18379°N 0.932162°E / 51.18379; 0.932162 Wye Village Hall on Bridge Street was extensively refurbished between 2014 and 2019. There are three function rooms of which
2650-582: Is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England , the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury . Justin Welby was enthroned as archbishop of Canterbury at Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013, and announced his resignation, to take effect at a later date, in November 2024. Welby is the 105th person to hold the position, as part of
2756-525: The Abbot and Convent of Battle who owned the Manor of Wye. Kempe constructed the Latin School , and buildings around a cloistered quadrangle for the accommodation of secular priests . There were up to ten priests at any one time in his chantry . Kempe had also rebuilt adjoining Wye Church in 1447 and Archbishop of Canterbury , John Stafford granted its vicarship to the college. The priests acted as
2862-615: The Chair of St. Augustine . A gospel book believed to be directly associated with St Augustine's mission survives in the Parker Library, Corpus Christi College , University of Cambridge, England. Catalogued as Cambridge Manuscript 286 , it has been positively dated to 6th-century Italy and this bound book, the St Augustine Gospels , is still used during the swearing-in ceremony of new archbishops of Canterbury. Before
2968-900: The Court of Augmentations . An inventory was valued at £7 1 s 1 d plus a silver salt at £3; silver spoons at 27s 6d, and two old masters at 6s 8d. Apart from its principal buildings the college owned nearby Perry Court, and Surrenden manors, together with the rectory and advowson of Broomhill on Romney Marsh . It was entitled to annual payments of 33s 4d from Westwell rectory, 10s from Hothfield rectory and 8s from Eastwell rectory. The college owned other land in Wye, Withersdane , Naccolt, Hinxhill , Godmersham , Crundale , Great Chart , Bethersden , Postling , Westbury and Broomhill . These properties were alienated first to Catherine Parr 's Secretary, Walter Buckler for £200, who promptly sold them in 1546 to his brother in law, and property speculator, Maurice Denys . Following Denys' disgrace
3074-454: The Earl of Winchilsea envisaged this should be the basis of a 40 male student agricultural college for Kent, Surrey and Sussex, funded by Whiskey Money . East and West Sussex County Councils dropped out of the scheme, and the farms were not immediately available, but negotiations took place for newly formed Kent County Council and Surrey County Council to purchase the school premises and
3180-544: The English and Welsh order of precedence , the archbishop of Canterbury is ranked above all individuals in the realm, with the exception of the sovereign and members of the royal family . Immediately below him is the lord chancellor and then the archbishop of York. The archbishop of Canterbury awards academic degrees, commonly called " Lambeth degrees ". The archbishop of Canterbury's official residence and office in London
3286-487: The Latin School and buildings around the cloister . The grammar school headmaster received free personal accommodation from Wheler's trust, use of the Latin School for classes and the £16, but had to pay rent to Thornhill's trust for other school space. The Thornhill trust operated its own charity schools for boys and girls in the Old Hall and Parlour respectively. Their schoolmaster received £30 per annum salary and
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3392-520: The National Hunt course on Harville Road. Steeplechase meetings were held in September, January, March, and May until 1974, and the course closed permanently by June 1975. As of 2022 , both former courses are farmland . As early as the 6th century Wye was a royal vill , and the royal court would have resided in the vicinity of Wye Court for part of the year. In the 13th century it was
3498-533: The Officer of State there. Young King Henry VI visited Wye Court in 1428 when Cardinal Kempe of Olantigh was his Lord Chancellor . The Manor House at Wye Court was a large building, with a circular dungeon that was extant as late as the 19th century and known locally as the Lollard 's Hole . In 1553, two Protestants were executed by burning in front of Wye Church. The disturbances and associated use of
3604-661: The Royal Flying Corps established an unpaved aerodrome off Bramble Lane near Wye Railway Station. It became RAF Wye in 1918 but closed the following year. As of 2022 , it is farmland . Wye Racecourse's inaugural 1849 meeting was held in Fanscombe Valley, an isolated coombe and natural amphitheatre directly north of Wye Crown, and 1 mile (1.6 km) as the crow flies from Wye village. Flat racing took place annually on Oak Leaf Day , 29 May coinciding with Wye Fair. By 1878, Wye's racing had moved to
3710-544: The South Eastern Agricultural College when it opened in 1894. Apart from his work at the college he spent much of his time curating economic zoology and mosquito collections at the British Museum , and ceased lecturing from 1920 in favour of agricultural extension . Theobald's research on mosquitos and tropical sanitation earned him international recognition including the Order of Osmanieh and Mary Kingsley Medal . In September 1940,
3816-439: The forfeit former Wye College rectories of Boughton Aluph , Brenzett and Newington to reward his loyal supporter Robert Maxwell . The proviso was added Maxwell and his successors paid £16 per year, which reinstated the lapsed stipend for a Wye schoolmaster. Years later the sum would be diminished by inflation and several holders of the position faced short tenure and great financial hardship. With salary back in place,
3922-638: The head of the church . Thomas Cranmer , appointed in 1533, was the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury and would become one of the most important figures in the development of Anglicanism . The archbishop is appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the prime minister of the United Kingdom , however in practice candidates are chosen by the Crown Nominations Commission , a Church of England body. Currently
4028-583: The "five great sees" (the others being York , London , Durham and Winchester ), the archbishop of Canterbury is ex officio one of the Lords Spiritual of the House of Lords . He is one of the highest-ranking men in England and the highest ranking non-royal in the United Kingdom's order of precedence . Since Henry VIII broke with Rome , the archbishops of Canterbury have been selected by
4134-657: The "mother church" of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Report of the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales (1835) noted the net annual revenue for the Canterbury see was £19,182. The archbishop of Canterbury exercises metropolitical (or supervisory) jurisdiction over the Province of Canterbury , which encompasses thirty of
4240-512: The 103rd archbishop; and Rowan Williams (born 1950), the 104th archbishop. In addition to his office, the archbishop holds a number of other positions; for example, he is joint president of the Council of Christians and Jews in the United Kingdom. Some positions he formally holds ex officio and others virtually so (the incumbent of the day, although appointed personally, is appointed because of his office). Amongst these are: The archbishop
4346-406: The 1572 fire and were finally, satisfactorily recast in 1593, though once raised back into place their weight would have added considerably to stresses on the steeple. In 1628, the wooden spire was replaced once again, but concerns about the state of the chancel , and risk of the steeple falling were not addressed. On 22 March 1686, the steeple tower collapsed. Almost all the transepts ; most of
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4452-548: The 5th and 6th centuries Britannia began to be overrun by pagan , Germanic peoples who came to be known collectively as the Anglo-Saxons . Of the kingdoms they created, Kent arguably had the closest links with European politics, trade and culture, because it was conveniently situated for communication with continental Europe . In the late 6th century, King Æthelberht of Kent married a Christian Frankish princess named Bertha , possibly before becoming king, and certainly
4558-800: The Deanery of Stour Valley, is the Reverend Ravi Holy. He is an Old Etonian , and formerly an alcoholic; drug abuser ; satanist ; punk rock musician, member of a Pentecostal congregation. Holy has performed an Elvis themed funeral at Wye. Participation in a Comedy For Clergy workshop led to him appearing on BBC London and BBC Breakfast . He performs in the trio White Collar Comedy whose tagline is: They're Middle Class, Middle Aged and Middle England. And all three are working vicars 51°10′54″N 0°56′15″E / 51.18153°N 0.93763°E / 51.18153; 0.93763 Saint Ambrose Catholic Church, off Oxenturn Road,
4664-575: The Development Fund. The college would be able to seek annual grants from successive central government agriculture or education departments by presenting itself alternately as an agricultural institution or university respectively. The South Eastern Agricultural College at Wye immediately took advantage of the University of London Act 1898 and became one of its federated schools with such privileges as it would have had if situated within
4770-649: The English (British since the Act of Union in 1707) monarch. Since the 20th century, the appointment of archbishops of Canterbury conventionally alternates between Anglo-Catholics and Evangelicals . The most recent archbishop, Justin Welby is the 105th holder of the office. He was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 4 February 2013. As archbishop he signs himself as + Justin Cantuar . On 12 November 2024 he announced his decision to resign. There are currently two other living former archbishops: George Carey (born 1935),
4876-552: The Falkland Islands . As of 2024 the archbishop has four suffragan bishops: The archbishops of Canterbury and York are both styled as "The Most Reverend"; retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". The archbishop is, by convention, appointed to the Privy Council and may, therefore, also use the style of " The Right Honourable " for life, unless later removed from the council. In formal documents,
4982-565: The Finches, a distant branch of the Earls of Winchilsea . Following the 1572 lightning strike at Wye Church , yeoman farmer Roger Twysden of Wye Court provided timber for reconstruction of the tower. He became High Sheriff of Kent in 1599 but following a fire at his own home he moved from Wye Court to a family dwelling at Chelmington , and then Roydon Hall. A 1648 Civil War skirmish involving Rich 's men and cavaliers took place at
5088-859: The Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) Act 1890 ( 53 & 54 Vict. c. 60), commonly known as Whiskey Money , was intended to compensate licensees in the country required to close. It created an income which Sir Arthur Dyke Acland instead proposed to Parliament be earmarked for the new county councils to spend on technical instruction. His amendment, it is reported, was adopted by a lethargic and half empty house . There were some institutions offering short courses in Agriculture but very few opportunities for degree courses. The Normal School of Science , shortly to merge and form Imperial College , had only graduated seven agricultural students per year between 1878 and 1887. There had been proposals for
5194-586: The North Downs and there have been suggestions the straight Olantigh Road may have been built by them as a separate route from Wye to Canterbury on the east of the River Stour. Remains of an ironworks at the west bank of the river, from that period, have been found. By medieval times, Wye had a market and hosted the local hundred court . In 1798, Hasted described Wye as:- ...a neat well-built town, consisting of two parallel and two cross streets,
5300-403: The South Eastern Agricultural College there. They appointed chemist , socialist and former schoolmaster Alfred Daniel Hall as principal and he opened with thirteen students. It was then the first and only college founded and maintained by public money solely for the benefit of agriculture in England . Hall's student roll grew to 46 in 1900; 71 in 1902, and 124 in 1913. Unconventionally for
5406-645: The South Eastern Agricultural College, throughout its existence, provided agricultural extension services to farmers and growers in the south-east of England. Hall gave book-keeping and other advice to the Guinness hop farms; Ernest Stanley Salmon helped hop and other growers combat fungi, while Theobald advised those confronting crop pests . Their colleagues dealt with all manner of technical requirements, even designing an innovative aerating sewage treatment plant for nearby Olantigh . Complementing individual consultations and publications, college staff toured
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#17327801729245512-647: The UK. The village's name comes from the Old English "Wēoh" meaning idol or shrine . Wye may have been used for worship by the pre-Christian Angles . Wye became an important communications centre because of a ford across the River Great Stour connecting with ancient trackways across the North Downs . Romans constructed a road between Canterbury and Hastings using the gap through
5618-412: The actual cost of agricultural products on farm, albeit with varied success, and double entry book-keeping was then a part of the curriculum. In 1913, East Malling and Wye Fruit Experimental Station established on 22 acres (8.9 ha) bought by Kent County Council at East Malling . It was under the college's control and initially advised by botanist V H Blackman of Imperial College. Ronald Hatton
5724-543: The administrative county of London . Even in formal documents it was also referred to as Wye College at the time. From 1894, students seeking a three-year qualification completed the college's two-year diploma and were then prepared a further year for examination by the Royal Agricultural Society of England , the Surveyors' Institution or by Cambridge University . The arrangement was reversed for
5830-601: The alerted church authorities could punish committed dissenters, or even have them burnt as at Wye in 1557 . Several chantries were established in the vicinity, at least in part for this purpose. In 1432, John Kempe , then Archbishop of York and a native of adjoining Olantigh , was granted royal license by King Henry VI to found the College of Saints Gregory and Martin in the parish of Wye. In 1447 after protracted negotiation, he obtained about an acre of land, including dwellings known as Shalewell, Goldsmyth and Shank, from
5936-557: The archbishop fills four main roles: In the last two of these functions, he has an important ecumenical and interfaith role, speaking on behalf of Anglicans in England and worldwide. The archbishop's main residence is Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth . He also has lodgings in the Old Palace, Canterbury , located beside Canterbury Cathedral , where the Chair of St Augustine sits. As holder of one of
6042-577: The archbishop of Canterbury is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Cantuar" (the Latin for Canterbury). The right to use a title as a legal signature is only permitted to bishops, peers of the Realm and peers by courtesy. Justin Welby as archbishop of Canterbury usually signed as " +Justin Cantuar: ". In
6148-569: The archbishop of Canterbury is referred to as "The Most Reverend Forenames , by Divine Providence Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of All England and Metropolitan". In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the Archbishop of Canterbury". "The Right Honourable" is not used in either instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace" or, more informally, as "Archbishop". The surname of
6254-632: The break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church . Since the break the Church of England, an established national church , still considers itself part of the broader Western Catholic tradition (although this is not accepted by the Roman Catholic Church which regards Anglicanism as schismatic and does not accept Anglican holy orders as valid) as well as being
6360-518: The campus was progressively closed between 2005 and 2009. In 2005, Imperial College promoted a controversial scheme to develop Wye College as a centre for renewable fuel research / production, and to build 4,000 house in the Kent Downs .The plan was seen as a test case for other attempts to build on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty . In 2006, Ashford Borough Council withdrew support, and Imperial College abandoned its plans. Campaigners hailed
6466-408: The chancel, and part of the nave were destroyed. The gilded and painted glass windows were gone, as were grand tombs of Cardinal Kempe and his father Thomas. Between 1700 and 1711 the church was reconstructed in its present, smaller form. Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea , as holder of the tithes , was required to rebuild the chancel and the parish had to pay the remainder. While the new chancel
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#17327801729246572-401: The church with the exception of the two archbishops—serves as Canterbury's provincial dean , the bishop of Winchester as chancellor , the bishop of Lincoln as vice-chancellor, the bishop of Salisbury as precentor , the bishop of Worcester as chaplain and the bishop of Rochester as cross-bearer . Along with primacy over the archbishop of York , the archbishop of Canterbury also has
6678-412: The cloister, and above the new biological laboratory and housekeeping wing, provided 20 student rooms. Others were to be accommodated in village houses. Entomologist of independent means , Frederick Theobald joined the opening college as lecturer in agricultural zoology , and later became vice-principal. He remained at Wye throughout his career. Theobald's work transitioned a discipline that had been
6784-432: The college and their time there, including reaction to a chimney fire in 1702. Wye College's grammar school did not achieve the prominence of rival Eton College though its alumni included notables such as journalist Alaric Alexander Watts and Robert Plot , first keeper of Oxford 's Ashmolean Museum . In 1762 there were 40 boarders and 100-day pupils but during other periods considerably less, if any at all. Sometimes
6890-485: The college appointed C S Orwin its lecturer in farm management and book-keeping. At opening he had been the first potential student interviewed by Hall and went on to be treasurer of the college's students' union in its first year. Orwin remained on staff for three years and was later appointed by Hall to lead the Department of Agricultural Economics created at Oxford . Academics at Wye sought early ways to establish
6996-515: The college buildings and other property for that purpose. Sir George Wheler , who some sources claim was Lady Joanna Thornhill's nephew, acquired the private mansion – the southern range, garden, outbuildings and Latin School in 1713. He had been a pupil at Wye Grammar School but "learnt little" there. That transaction left the college part owned by Lady Thornhill's trust and, on Wheler's death in 1724, part by his. A grammar school still operated in
7102-533: The college buildings have been redeveloped, though some are retained for community use or occasional public access. Church leaders from the 14th century onwards were concerned by the influence of John Wyclif and his fellow Lollards on the Weald and Romney Marsh . They felt priests educated in latin and theology, living in the community, would be better able to counter circulation of heretical translations and interpretation. Where these priests' persuasion failed,
7208-506: The college was acquired by William Damsell in 1553, thence passing on death in 1582 to his four daughters. As the seized lands passed from the Crown, and onwards, they did so subject to conditions, echoing Kempe's statutes, requiring the owners to "at all times provide and maintain a sufficient Schoolmaster capable of teaching boys and young lads in the art of Grammar , without fee or reward, in this parish". Those terms were met haphazardly in
7314-444: The college with an early emphasis on land use and the environment. Following World War II and a 1947 merger with Swanley Horticultural College for women, Wye transformed itself from small agricultural college , providing local practical instruction, to university for a rapidly increasing number of national and international students. Successive phases of expansion developed the college's campus along Olantigh Road, Withersdane Hall
7420-410: The coming years. In 1557, Archdeacon Harpsfield urged William Damsell be reminded of his obligations. Damsell had only been paying £9 of the £17 due each year, even though his former college lands in Wye alone gave him annual rents of £80. Harpsfield's treatment of Damsell was lenient by comparison to the two Protestants he ordered burnt to death at Wye that same year . By 1596 it was noted, during
7526-486: The contribution of Battle Abbey, itself dedicated to him. By 1450, Wye College had appropriated the pilgrim's church at Boughton Aluph , and acquired land in Canterbury , Wye, Boughton Aluph, Crundale , Godmersham , Bethersden and Postling . King Edward IV granted it the west Kent coast churches of Newington , Brenzett and Broomhill in 1465. The rules were not universally upheld. In 1511, Master Goodhewe
7632-487: The country's first post-war, purpose built university hall of residence, and accumulated an estate of nearly 1,000 acres (400 ha). However, after a difficult 2000 merger with Imperial College and controversial 2005 attempt to build 4,000 houses on its farmland, Imperial College at Wye closed in 2009. As of 2010, the pioneering postgraduate distance learning programme created at Wye College continued within SOAS . Many of
7738-966: The decision to preserve the status of protected areas, and Wye village. Wye stands in the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty , on the Great Stour at the point where it cuts through the North Downs between Ashford and Canterbury . The village is overlooked by the Wye Downs, an area of chalk downland and woodland within the Wye and Crundale Downs SSSI that includes the Devil's Kneading Trough and other coombes formed by periglacial action. 51°11′00″N 0°56′17″E / 51.18329°N 0.93801°E / 51.18329; 0.93801 A farmers' market , founded by former Wye College student and environmentalist Richard Boden,
7844-517: The dungeons may have led to that name. Wye was not isolated from Wat Tyler 's 1381 uprising or Jack Cade 's rebellion of 1450. In the 15th century, church officials were ordered especially to address lollardy in Maidstone , Tenterden , Faverisham and Wy . Queen Elizabeth I granted Wye Court to the Boleym related Hunsden family but by the time of King Charles I , ownership had passed to
7950-631: The earlier largess. Grants from the Board of Agriculture and those changes put the college back onto a sound financial footing ready for further premises expansion. Going forward, and particularly following 1910's Liberal government policy for expansion of agriculture and establishment of the Development Fund , this financial burden on the councils diminished, falling to only £3,000 by 1925. Indeed, itinerant agriculture lecturer Hall left Rothamsted in 1912 to become one of eight commissioners to
8056-417: The end of its first year of operation Wye's College had cost Kent and Surrey county councils £25,000 split 3:2 in their agreed proportions. The two counties combined technical education budget at the time was only £37,000 per year. In addition to their normal annual contributions the counties had to make exceptional 1895 payments to cover their college's deficit and stringent cost cutting was enforced in place of
8162-601: The entrance to Wye Court on Olantigh Road. Accounts identify four casualties of the encounter being buried at Wye, and three others killed. By 1732, Wye Court, along with other land near Wye at Harville, Coldharbour, Wye Downs and Naccolt had fallen into the ownership of miser, John "Vulture" Hopkins . Once his affairs had been unravelled the properties were inherited by Benjamin Bond Hopkins (1745–1794). He sold them to John Sawbridge of Olantigh whose son owned Wye Court by 1798. Wye Court formerly extended beyond
8268-403: The first voluntarily to resign his office. All his successors except William Temple (who died in office in 1944) have also resigned their office before death. All those who retired have been given peerages : initially hereditary baronies (although both recipients of such titles died without male heirs and so their titles became extinct on their deaths), and life peerages after the enactment of
8374-518: The followers of religions and cultures." Delegates said that "the deepening of moral values and ethical principles, which are common denominators among such followers, would help strengthen stability and achieve prosperity for all humans." It has been suggested that the Roman province of Britannia had four archbishops, seated at Londinium (London), Eboracum ( York ), Lindum Colonia ( Lincoln ) and Corinium Dobunnorum ( Cirencester ). However, in
8480-491: The following year a grammar school for boys opened in part of the college though the southern range continued to be used as a private house in ownership of the Winchilsea Finch family from Eastwell . Restoration poet Ann Finch and her husband Heneage lived quietly at Wye College from 1690 to 1708 to avoid persecution at Court for their Jacobite sympathies. Several of her works refer directly or indirectly to
8586-526: The forty-two dioceses of the Church of England, with the rest falling within the Province of York . The four Welsh dioceses were also under the province of Canterbury until 1920 when they were transferred from the established church of England to the disestablished Church in Wales . The archbishop of Canterbury has a ceremonial provincial curia , or court, consisting of some of the senior bishops of his province. The bishop of London —the most senior cleric of
8692-413: The governors chose to run it themselves with the help of a bailiff . It was not until Frank Baybrook Smith briefly joined the college to teach agriculture that the governors felt sufficiently confident in the academic team to relinquish direct control of the college farm. Between 1892 and 1894, the existing buildings were extensively refurbished at a cost of £18,000; a lecture theatre (Old Lecture Theatre)
8798-631: The inhabitants of Wye will not lift a finger towards the erection of new schools". His conclusion was that Wye "has about the worst schools in the neighbourhood". In 1878 the Wheler / Thornhill trusts and operation of the grammar and charity school premises they owned were combined, and two years later to comply with the Elementary Education Act 1870 the girls' Wheelroom was leased to Wye and Brook School Board for use as an infant school. Duty imposed upon beer and spirits under
8904-443: The largest can accommodate 180 people. 51°10′56″N 0°56′14″E / 51.18227°N 0.93728°E / 51.18227; 0.93728 Wye Library is at the top of Bridge Street. 51°11′04″N 0°56′16″E / 51.18449°N 0.93791°E / 51.18449; 0.93791 The present Anglican Church of Saint Gregory and Saint Martin at the junction of High Street, Church Street and Churchfield Way
9010-513: The lighting of candles, but papist resurgence did not stop there. Richard Thornden , Bishop of Dover and Nicholas Harpsfield , Archdeacon of Canterbury committed 10 Protestants to be burnt. Two of them, John Philpot of Tenterden , and Thomas Stephens of Biddenden were consumed by fire at Wye Church gate in January 1557. The next year however, cautiously Anglican Queen Elizabeth I was crowned and Protestant communion restored. In 1572,
9116-410: The new London University Bachelor of Science degree. Students could take first year basic science courses anywhere in the university's Faculty of Science and the latter years provided specialist teaching such as agricultural chemistry , agricultural botany and agricultural engineering . Alfred Daniel Hall removed to Rothamsted in 1902 to continue his marriage of agriculture and science . At Wye he
9222-449: The parish of Wye with Hinxhill , in the Ashford district, in Kent , England, 5 miles (8.0 km) from Ashford and 12 miles (19 km) from Canterbury . It is the main settlement in the parish of Wye with Hinxhill. Hop varieties including Wye Challenger were bred at Wye College and named for the village. In 2013, Sunday Times readers voted Wye the third best place to live in
9328-408: The position was treated as little more than a sinecure . In 1868 the grammar school's position was bleak. Although teaching of classics was free, locals were concerned about increasing costs for tuition in other subjects. The school had only four boarders despite a capacity for 40. An alternative curriculum was considered and unless changes were made, an inspector concluded it would be hard to "keep
9434-521: The present day farm, including land to Churchfield Way. Wye College purchased parts of Wye Court for expansion along Olantigh Road in 1925. In 1917, Wye Church agreed to purchase a parcel of Wye Court, to extend its graveyard, from Wanley Elias Sawbridge Erle-Drax, a descendant of John Sawbridge. The Long family purchased their present Wye Court farm and former racecourse on Harville Road in 1925. Entomologist Frederick Theobald lived at Wye Court until he died in 1930. He had moved to Wye to teach at
9540-458: The purpose. The space, with extant exposed crown post roof, belonging to Sir George Wheler's trust became known as the college Wheelroom . Nevertheless, the situation was poor. An inspector passed the facilities "but with the greatest reluctance". He observed the Old Hall used as boys' schoolroom "though a fine old room, is ill-adapted for a school and requires constant repair", and bemoaned that "as long as they are allowed to use this old room,
9646-624: The school mistress £20, from rent on property purchased in Wye and on Romney Marsh . By the late 18th century there were over 100 children attending Lady Thornhills school. In 1839, rather than join the non-denominational British and Foreign School Society it affiliated with the Church of England 's National Society for Promoting Religious Education , becoming a national school . Wheler's will provided an annual £10 exhibition , increased to £20 by his son, for local boys from Lady Thornhill's charity school to receive instruction at Wye Grammar School and then attend Lincoln College . The scholarship
9752-429: The schoolmaster with gifts of fowl and pennies on Saint Nicholas Day , confuetam galloram & denariorum Sancti Nicholai gratuitam oblationem . The dedication to Saint Gregory and Saint Martin mirrors that of Kempe's adjoining church . An earlier 1290 Wye Church, on the site, had been solely named for Saint Gregory. The further reference, at both the college and church, to Saint Martin may have been to recognise
9858-421: The south-east of England giving lectures to agricultural or rural organisations on "fruit growing, farriery , poultry, bee keeping , and numerous veterinary topics", sometimes in migratory vans specially prepared for these roadshows. In Wye they regularly gave talks to the village school , and the laboratories offered a service analysing soil , forage and milk, and performing veterinary post-mortems . At
9964-407: The steeple was struck by lightning and burned, melting the lead cladding of the spire. Extensive repairs were finally paid for by 1579, but the structure was reported to be in much ruin and decay again by 1581. That may have been caused by the 1580 Dover Straits earthquake . In any event, further repairs to the steeple were carried out in 1582 and 1584. The five great bells had been damaged by
10070-606: The walls were faced with the flat surfaces of split flints. The stronger structure supported a clerestory and fine roof. In 1548, the Reformation dictated images of the saints be removed, and following 1549's introduction of the Anglican prayer book , newly redundant silverware was sold. The rood screen however, between the nave and chancel survived, as did extensive gilded and painted glass . Five years later, Catholic Queen Mary (1553–8) reinstated ornamentation and
10176-541: The whole unpaved . There is a large green in it, built round, on one side of which is the church and college close to it. Later in the 18th century a turnpike had bypassed the village on the west bank of the River Stour, which the A28 road still does today. Wye railway station was built for the South Eastern Railway line from Ashford to Margate and opened on 1 December 1846. During World War I
10282-463: The year 598. It seems that Pope Gregory, ignorant of recent developments in the former Roman province, including the spread of the Pelagian heresy , had intended the new archiepiscopal sees for England to be established in London and York. In the event, Canterbury was chosen instead of London, owing to political circumstances. Since then the archbishops of Canterbury have been referred to as occupying
10388-406: Was a longer nave and much larger chancel . The Steeple had a tall wooden spire clad with lead. Of this church, only the outer nave walls, built of whole flints , survive. The original door and window openings have all been replaced. In the 15th century Cardinal Kempe constructed Wye College and rebuilt the church. New, perpendicular style door and window openings matched the college, and
10494-518: Was abutted to the Parlour repurposed as a library, and biological laboratory (Lecture Room A) constructed north west of the cloister range. Original accommodation to the south of the cloister housed the principal. A chemistry laboratory was arranged in the Wheelroom , and housekeeping wing formed between it and the cloister range to service a refectory in the Old Hall . First floor space north of
10600-464: Was appointed director of the station in 1914 and remained in post for the rest of his career. Hatton prioritised basic research; was concerned about the conditions of horticultural workers like fellow socialist Hall, and merely tolerated requests for practical advice from growers. The station became independent of the college in 1921. The 1894 premises included chemical and biological laboratories. By 1901 expansion meant rooms could be dedicated to
10706-501: Was finely crafted, work on the much reduced tower prioritised strength and economy. The new church was barely half the size of its predecessor. Lady Joanna Thornhill, for whom the Lady Joanna Thornhill School is named, died during the period of reconstruction and was buried in the new building she had helped fund. Since 2011, and as of 2024 , the incumbent ( vicar ) of the Wye benefice, and area dean of
10812-470: Was funded by the rent charge on a house in Whitehall which Wheler owned. Unfortunately by 1790, that charge had become impossible to collect. Its absence was still greatly lamented, nearly a century later, both by Wye Grammar School and Lincoln College. Trustees of Lady Thornhill's charity school, requiring more space for girls, converted an outbuilding at the south east of the grammar school garden for
10918-476: Was not removed from office for his misconduct. By 1534 the college had annual gross income of £125 15s 4 1 ⁄ 2 d, or over £94,000 at 2022 values. Other partially surviving chantry colleges near Wye include the larger Maidstone , and smaller Cobham Colleges . Traces remain at Ashford . The college was surrendered in 1545 under the Abolition of Chantries Act of that year, its assets appropriated for
11024-534: Was replaced as principal by his Oxford contemporary Malcolm Dunstan, formerly director of the Midland Agricultural and Dairy Institute . Hall's departure was promptly followed by opening botany lecturer and vice-principal John Percival who moved to the University of Reading and became founding father of the faculty of agriculture there. Seeds Percival took with him formed the nucleus of
11130-475: Was reported to Archbishop Warham for appointing himself, rather than other fellows, to the College's remunerated positions, and taking the entire benefit of its endowment to the neglect of divine service and the cure of souls . He failed to annually proclaim Kempe's statutes and maintained a relationship with a woman, in breach of them. Goodhewe also found time to be Rector of Staplehurst without papal dispensation to hold two incompatible benefices . But he
11236-649: Was the first to attend a papal inauguration, that of Pope John Paul II in 1978. Since 2002, the archbishop has co-sponsored the Alexandria Middle East Peace process with the Grand Mufti of Egypt . In July 2008, the archbishop attended a conference of Christians, Jews and Muslims convened by the King of Saudi Arabia at which the notion of the "clash of civilizations" was rejected. Delegates agreed "on international guidelines for dialogue among
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