37-468: [REDACTED] The Sapporo Municipal Subway ( 札幌市営地下鉄 , Sapporo-shiei-chikatetsu ) is a mostly-underground rubber-tyred rapid transit system in Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan. Operated by the Sapporo City Transportation Bureau , it is the only subway system on the island of Hokkaido. The system consists of three lines: the green Namboku Line (North–south line), orange Tozai Line (East–west line), and blue Tōhō Line (North East Line). The first,
74-598: A concrete slab . The Paris Métro, Mexico City Metro, and the non-underground section of Santiago Metro, use H-Shaped hot rolled steel , and the Sapporo Municipal Subway uses flat steel . The Sapporo system and Lille Metro use a single central guide rail only. On some systems, such those in Paris, Montreal, and Mexico City, there is a conventional 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge railway track between
111-487: A commuter pass through ticket vending machines. Commuter SAPICA cards automatically downgrade to a standard SAPICA card once the time period expires. There are two main shopping areas located underground, connected to the exits of three central stations on the Namboku line: Sapporo Station, Susukino Station , and Odori Station. Pole Town is an extensive shopping area that lies between Susukino and Odori stations. Aurora Town
148-452: A section of line not open to the public. Line 11 Châtelet – Mairie des Lilas was the first line to be converted, in 1956, chosen because of its steep grades . This was followed by Line 1 Château de Vincennes – Pont de Neuilly in 1964, and Line 4 Porte d'Orléans – Porte de Clignancourt in 1967, converted because they had the heaviest traffic load of all Paris Métro lines. Finally, Line 6 Charles de Gaulle – Étoile – Nation
185-569: Is a form of rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology. The vehicles have wheels with rubber tires that run on a roll way inside guide bars for traction. Traditional, flanged steel wheels running on rail tracks provide guidance through switches and act as backup if tyres fail. Most rubber-tyred trains are purpose-built and designed for the system on which they operate. Guided buses are sometimes referred to as ' trams on tyres', and compared to rubber-tyred metros. The first idea for rubber-tyred railway vehicles
222-514: Is a shopping arcade that is connected to Sapporo station. It links some of the main shopping malls in Sapporo, such as Daimaru , JR Tower , and Stellar Place. In addition to the underground shopping corridors, an underground walkway also connects Odori Station to Bus Center Mae station and its neighboring Bus Center. There are no stores in this walkway. [REDACTED] Rubber-tyred metro A rubber-tyred metro or rubber-tired metro
259-479: Is a system that allows for reciprocal use and interoperability between the country's ten most common transportation IC cards – contactless smart cards used on public transport with additional e-money functionality. Launched on March 23, 2013, the service allows riders of trains, buses, and other public transport to seamlessly use the same card in all major Japanese cities, across hundreds public, privately owned, and third-sector systems. As of March 9, 2024, it
296-616: Is available on services run by 326 transit operators. The ten cards included in the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service and their issuing companies are: With some exceptions, IC cards part of the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service typically cannot be used for continuous travel between two areas served by different IC cards, but rather within each area or city. All cards implement an RFID technology developed by Sony called FeliCa . While previous bilateral agreements between companies existed previously, such as
333-917: Is part of the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service, these cards are also interoperable with the ten major cards and usable across Japan. Discounted and subsidized fares, such as those for disabled riders, can also be selectively applied in users' home regions while charging standard fares elsewhere. Multi-function IC cards include nolbé in Gunma, totra in Tochigi, yamako cherica and shoko cherika in Yamagata, Iwate Green Pass in Iwate, HACHICA in Hachinohe , and AOPASS in Aomori, among others. JR East has viewed this ongoing endeavor as an effort to "promote regional revitalization" in
370-669: Is scheduled to launch in Nagano in March 2025, superseding the previous local card of the same name without mutual usage functionality. A similar card is planned to be introduced for buses in Matsumoto in spring 2026. As of 2024, the ten cards are fully interchangeable (i.e. any system that supports one of the cards will support the other nine) with two exceptions: Kantō Railway 's two railway lines in Ibaraki Prefecture , and
407-615: Is the Port Liner linking Sannomiya railway station with Port Island. Trains are usually in the form of electric multiple units . Just as on a conventional railway, the driver does not have to steer, with the system relying on some sort of guideway to direct the train. The type of guideway varies between networks. Most use two parallel roll ways , each the width of a tyre, which are made of various materials. The Montreal Metro, Lille Metro , Toulouse Metro , and most parts of Santiago Metro, use concrete . The Busan Subway Line 4 employs
SECTION 10
#1732802344199444-495: Is unidirectional; SAPICA cannot be used on other rail networks. Day passes and discount passes can be purchased at the vending machines. Prior to its discontinuation on March 31, 2015, prepaid "With You" magnetic cards could be used for the subway, streetcar and regular city routes offered by JR Hokkaido Bus , Hokkaido Chuo Bus and Jotetsu Bus. These functions were superceded by the SAPICA. One-day Cards offer unlimited rides on
481-468: The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications , over 100 million residents became covered under the new Mutual Usage system. A golden brown and red service mark, consisting of the letters "IC" with a pantograph replacing the tittle of the "i" and wheels on the "c", is displayed at ticket gates , fare boxes, and point of sale systems (such as in convenience stores or restaurants) where any of
518-827: The Santiago and Mexico City Metros are based on those of the Paris Métro . A few more recent rubber-tyred systems have used automated, driverless trains; one of the first such systems, developed by Matra , opened in 1983 in Lille , and others have since been built in Toulouse and Rennes . Paris Metro Line 14 was automated from its beginning (1998), and Line 1 was converted to automatic in 2007–2011. The first automated rubber-tyred system opened in Kobe , Japan, in February 1981. It
555-461: The Translohr and Bombardier Guided Light Transit ). This rubber-tired system, combined with the heavy snowfall that Sapporo gets during winter, means that the system must be fully enclosed (including the southern elevated segment of the Namboku line), therefore all rolling stock cannot be fitted with air conditioning as it would otherwise trap hot air in the tunnels. There are differences between
592-568: The Tōhoku region by allowing for the use of Suica and other transit cards in these areas, thereby attracting potential visitors and positioning the cards as a component of the company's mobility as a service strategy. These cards follow the SD2 FeliCa standard and support reward point programs of both local operators and JR East via FeliCa Pocket. They are alternatively referred to as "Regional Collaboration IC cards." A revised KURURU IC card
629-477: The streetcar (tram) above. The system has a total length of 48 km (30 mi) with 46 stations. Except for the section of the Namboku Line south of Hiragishi Station , the tracks and stations are underground; despite being aboveground, this section of the Namboku Line is entirely covered, including the stations, the depot access tracks, and the depot south of Jieitai-Mae Station . Size All lines of
666-546: The Namboku Line, was opened in 1971 prior to the 1972 Winter Olympics . The Sapporo City Subway system operates out of two main hubs: Sapporo Station and Odori Station . Most areas of the city are within a reasonable walking distance or short bus ride from one of the subway stations. The three lines all connect at Odori Station. The Namboku Line and Tōhō Line lines connect with the JR Hokkaido main lines at Sapporo Station. At Odori and Susukino stations, it connects to
703-632: The Tōzai Line) or steel (on the outer sections of the Tōzai Line and the entirety of the Tōhō Line). 5000 series (6-car formation with 4 doors per side, since 1997) Sapporo Municipal Subway 8000 series (7-car formation with 3 doors per side, since 1998) 9000 series (4-car formation with 3 doors per side, since May 2015) 6000 series (7-car formation with 3 doors per side, from 1976 until 2008) Ticket prices range from 210 yen to 380 yen, depending on
740-484: The ability for JR West's ICOCA and JR East's Suica to be used interchangeably since August 2004, this was abandoned in favor of a "blanket approach" targeting all major cards, realized with the launch of the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service. Discussions of such a system had been underway since December 2010, and testing lasted for six months prior to the public release. An announcement was released jointly by all eleven issuing companies on December 18, 2012, with plans for
777-405: The advantages of rubber-tyred metro systems are: The higher friction and increased rolling resistance cause disadvantages (compared to steel wheel on steel rail): Although it is a more complex technology, most rubber-tyred metro systems use quite simple techniques, in contrast to guided buses . Heat dissipation is an issue as eventually all traction energy consumed by the train — except
SECTION 20
#1732802344199814-507: The cards are accepted as a form of payment. PiTaPa is excluded from mutual usage agreements when used as digital currency (e-money) due to its implementation as post-pay system tied to a user's bank account rather than a prepaid, rechargeable card. Beginning in 2021, initially targeting Aomori , Akita , northern Iwate , Yamagata , and Gunma Prefectures , JR East introduced chīki renkei ( 地域連携 , lit. ' regional cooperation ' ) IC cards, 2-in-1 cards which combine
851-637: The distance to travel. All stations accept the SAPICA rechargeable IC cards which can be used as a fare card for the subway, and may be upgraded to a commuter pass. Kitaca , a contactless smart card operated by JR Hokkaido is also usable on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, as well as public transport cards affiliated with the Nationwide Mutual Usage Service , such as Suica and PASMO . However, this compatibility
888-406: The electric energy regenerated back into the substation during electrodynamic braking — will end up in losses (mostly heat). In frequently operated tunnels (typical metro operation) the extra heat from rubber tyres is a widespread problem, necessitating ventilation of the tunnels. As a result, some rubber-tyred metro systems do not have air-conditioned trains, as air conditioning would heat
925-568: The electric power is supplied from one of the guide bars , which serves as a third rail . The current is picked up by a separate lateral pickup shoe . The return current passes via a return shoe to one or both of the conventional railway tracks , which are part of most systems, or to the other guide bar. Rubber tyres have higher rolling resistance than traditional steel railway wheels. There are some advantages and disadvantages to increased rolling resistance, causing them to not be used in certain countries. Compared to steel wheel on steel rail,
962-465: The end of the war, the system was so worn that thought was given as to how to renovate it. Rubber-tyred metro technology was first applied to the Paris Métro , developed by Michelin , who provided the tyres and guidance system, in collaboration with Renault , who provided the vehicles. Starting in 1951, an experimental vehicle, the MP 51 , operated on a test track between Porte des Lilas and Pré Saint Gervais,
999-459: The needs of smaller, local transit operators with standard Suica functionality. With limited budget and resources to overhaul historical systems to comply with JR East's standards, these cards allow for regional "affiliate" operators to continue supporting various implementations of commuter passes while also providing riders with the ability to use their cards identically to Suica, i.e. not only on local transit but also in larger cities. As Suica
1036-619: The roll ways. The bogies of the train include railway wheels with longer flanges than normal. These conventional wheels are normally just above the rails, but come into use in the case of a flat tyre, or at switches (points) and crossings . In Paris these rails were also used to enable mixed traffic, with rubber-tyred and steel-wheeled trains using the same track, particularly during conversion from normal railway track. The VAL system, used in Lille and Toulouse , has other sorts of flat-tyre compensation and switching methods. On most systems,
1073-423: The service to begin in March of the following year. Following launch, as of March 31, 2013, Suica – the most popular of the ten cards – became usable at 4,365 train stations and on approximately 21,000 buses nationwide. As electronic money, Suica became accepted at nearly 210,000 retail locations and at the time was reported to be the payment method of 3.4 million transactions each day. Per estimates provided by
1110-628: The sides of a central vertical guide rail . A similar arrangement was patented by Alejandro Goicoechea , inventor of Talgo , in February 1936, patent ES 141056; in 1973, he built a development of this patent: 'Tren Vertebrado', Patent DE1755198; at Avenida Marítima, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria . During the World War II German occupation of Paris, the Metro system was used to capacity, with relatively little maintenance performed. At
1147-678: The subway to be used only on Saturdays, Sundays and national holidays at a lower price of 520 yen. Due to their identical functionality, subway one-day cards are unavailable on days where Donichika tickets are sold. Neither may be bought with prepaid balance charged to a SAPICA card. Commuter SAPICA cards offer unlimited rides between specific stations during their period of validity. There are two types of commuter pass: one for those commuting to their workplace and one for students. Both are available for one-month or three-month periods, and can be newly purchased from commuter pass sales offices located at major stations. Standard SAPICA cards may be upgraded to
Sapporo Municipal Subway - Misplaced Pages Continue
1184-493: The subway use rubber-tired trains that travel on two flat roll ways , guided by a single central rail . This system is unique among subways in Japan and the rest of the world; while other rubber-tired metro networks, including smaller automated guideway transit lines such as the Port Liner , use guide bars , the Sapporo system does not because the central rail makes them superfluous (similar to some rubber-tyred trams , such as
1221-500: The subway, streetcar, and regular city routes offered by the Chuo, Jotetsu, and JR Hokkaido Buses (excluding some suburban areas) on the day of purchase. A subway one-day card, for use only on the subway, is also available for 830 yen. Donichika tickets (ドニチカキップ, donichika kippu , where "donichika" is a portmanteau of 土日 donichi meaning "Saturday and Sunday" and 地下 chika meaning "underground") allow for unlimited one-day ride pass for
1258-462: The technology used on the older Namboku Line and the newer Tōzai and Tōhō Lines. The Namboku Line uses a T-shaped guide rail, double tires, and third rail power collection, while the Tōzai and Tōhō Lines use an I-shaped guide rail, single tires, and overhead line power collection. Also, the surface of the roll ways is either made up of resin (on the entirety of the Namboku Line and the central section of
1295-1017: The tunnels to temperatures where operation is not possible. Automated driverless systems are not exclusively rubber-tyred; many have since been built using conventional rail technology, such as London's Docklands Light Railway , the Copenhagen metro and Vancouver's SkyTrain , the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort line , which uses converted rolling stocks from non-driverless trains, as well as AirTrain JFK , which links JFK Airport in New York City with local subway and commuter trains. Most monorail manufacturers prefer rubber tyres. Rubber-tired systems are as follows, as of 2023 : Siemens Cityval (B) Nationwide Mutual Usage Service Japan's Nationwide Mutual Usage Service ( 全国相互利用サービス , Zenkoku Sōgo Riyō Sābisu )
1332-464: Was converted in 1974 to reduce train noise on its many elevated sections. Because of the high cost of converting existing rail-based lines, this is no longer done in Paris, or elsewhere. Now, rubber-tyred metros are used in new systems or lines only, including the new Paris Métro Line 14 . The first completely rubber-tyred metro system was built in Montreal , Quebec, Canada, in 1966. The trains of
1369-435: Was the work of Scotsman Robert William Thomson , the original inventor of the pneumatic tyre . In his patent of 1846 he describes his 'Aerial Wheels' as being equally suitable for, "the ground or rail or track on which they run". The patent also included a drawing of such a railway, with the weight carried by pneumatic main wheels running on a flat board track and guidance provided by small horizontal steel wheels running on
#198801