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52-729: The castle is located on the eastern Lake Zurich 's western Obersee lakeshore in Rapperswil , a locality of the Rapperswil-Jona municipality in Switzerland 's canton of St. Gallen . Since 1870 the castle has been home to the Polish National Museum established by Polish émigrés, including the castle's lessee and restorer, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater . Schloss Rapperswil and the Museum are listed in

104-444: A clock tower in the east, houses three bells and beside a sundial and two large clocks. Between these two towers the castle's six-storey palais is situated. In addition, ramparts respectively battlements are leading to the third tower in the northwest, the so-called Pulverturm (powder tower). From 1698 to 1837 there was a drawbridge, at the present lower gate towards the former castle chapel . The French revolutionary troops plundered

156-522: A new service and operating concept for the Rapperswil castle to provide the site as a touristic attraction and meeting place, and thus recognizable as a brand . For this purpose, the tower, the battlements and the herb garden were opened to the public. In 981 AD the assumably oldest vineyard on Lake Zurich lake shore, situated on the southern slope of the Lindenhof hill which is named Schlossberg

208-598: A peace contract and regulations, and included among others: Johann's children got the documents related to their rights in Raprechtswile and their possessions in the March (Alt-Rapperswil) area. Furthermore, the document also included the Zürich councils ( äussere Bürger ) who refuged to Rapperswil and financial compensations by the former councils to Brun's entourage. These restrictions also included Johann I's children –

260-581: A post- November 1830 Uprising Polish émigré, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater (a relative of Emilia Plater , a heroine of the same 1830 Uprising), who had been in Switzerland since 1844. At his own expense he restored the castle, and on 23 October 1870 the Polish National Museum was established. Except for two hiatuses (1927 to 1936 and 1952 to 1975), the museum has existed to the present day — an outpost of Polish culture in Switzerland. In 2008 some Rapperswil residents petitioned local authorities to evict

312-569: A supervised Deer park with 10 to 15 Dama dama down towards the Kempratnerbucht which is a reminder of the legend of the castle's founding. It is also assumed a predecessor building, a Roman era watchtower in conjunction with the Vicus Centum Prata , but for the present there are no archaeological findings. Due to the structural conditions, there never significant archaeological excavations were carried out, incidentally at

364-474: Is a lake in Switzerland , extending southeast of the city of Zurich . Depending on the context, Lake Zurich or Zürichsee can be used to describe the lake as a whole, or just that part of the lake downstream of the Hurden peninsula and Seedamm causeway (between Pfäffikon and Rapperswil ). In the latter case, the upstream part of the lake is called Obersee ( lit.   ' Upper Lake ' ), whilst

416-654: Is a rare and spectacular event. The lake was frozen in the following Common Era / Anno Domini years (1963 was the last time): Lake Zurich's water is very clean and reaches, during summer, temperatures well beyond 20 °C (68 °F). Swimming in the public baths and beaches is very popular. The lake's water is purified and fed into Zurich's water system; it is potable. Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg) Johann I von Habsburg-Laufenburg (also Johannes von Rapperswil-Laufenburg - Habsburg , von Laufenburg-Rapperswil ; born around 1297; died 21 September 1337 in Grynau )

468-600: Is also listed as a Class object in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance . In Kempraten ( Rapperswil-Jona municipality), there was a Roman vicus named Centum Prata . Another settlement was Turicum in Zurich. The main transportation nodes around the lake are Zurich and — given the presence of the Seedamm causeway — Pfäffikon and Rapperswil . Besides Quaibrücke in Zurich and

520-678: Is the Au peninsula at the village of Au between Wädenswil and Horgen . The lake shores are well cultivated and fertile. They include nature reserves , such as Frauenwinkel or Bätzimatt . The bay of Rapperswil and reed in Nuolen are wintering areas for birds and popular sites for bird watching . To the east, separated by Zürichberg - Adlisberg , Forch , and Pfannenstiel , are two smaller lakes, Greifensee ( lit.   ' Lake Greifen ' ) and Pfäffikersee ( lit.   ' Lake Pfäffikon ' ). There are several minor lakes and ponds in

572-600: The Obersee to the Grynau Castle . The castle was at that time located at the confluence of the Linth river in the former Tuggenersee and served as a base of the "outer Zürich" ( äusseres Zürich ) alliance. Although they thereby passed the city of Rapperswil , the Zürich troops were convinced not to be bothered by the people of Rapperswil, due to their large number. Count Johann made the best of it and landed, hidden by

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624-758: The Limmat . The Limmat is a tributary of the Aare , which itself is a tributary of the High Rhine . The culminating point of the lake's drainage basin is the Tödi at 3,614 metres above sea level. Besides the River Linth, other tributaries are the Jona , Schmerikoner Aa , Steinenbach and Wägitaler Aa , which all flow out into Obersee , along with several creeks. The Seedamm , an artificial causeway and bridge, crosses

676-694: The Rheinau Abbey . In 1315 Count Johann renewed the municipal law of the city of Laufenburg . Agnes and Johann had four children: Johan(nnes), Gotfried (II), Ruldof (IV), and Agnes who became a nun at the Säckingen Abbey . On 18 July 1336, Rudolf Brun, mayor of the city of Zürich, defeated his political opponents, the former members of the Rat (council) of Zürich, of which around 12 members found refuge by count Johann in Rapperswil . In feud (German: Fehde ), an approved tradition in medieval law, of

728-463: The Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as Class A objects of national importance. The medieval Altstadt of the city of Rapperswil is dominated by the castle perched atop a longish rocky hill on the peninsula called Lindenhof hill on its western side respectively Herrenberg on its eastern side where the castle was built. It is surrounded on three sides by Lake Zurich and by those upper section on

780-544: The cantons of Schwyz , St. Gallen and Zurich , are among the 56 Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps in Switzerland. These nine sites on the Lake Zurich lakeshore are Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn , Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld , Rapperswil-Jona/Hombrechtikon–Feldbach , Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum , Erlenbach–Winkel , Meilen–Rorenhaab , Wädenswil–Vorder Au , Zurich–Enge Alpenquai , and Kleiner Hafner . Because

832-713: The wooden bridge from Rapperswil to Hurden and the Frauenwinkel protected area, and towards the Glarus Alps , as well as to the Bachtel mountain. Among other traditions, Eis-zwei-Geissebei is celebrated on Lindenhof, at the Rathaus and Castle when in the evening all regional Guggenmusik (carnival marching bands) gather to celebrate a roaring concert. On the northern side of the Lindenhof plateau stretches

884-622: The Bishop Gerhard of Konstanz that Count Rudolf and Johann, his son, to enlarge the spiritual welfare of their ancestors and the wife Elisabeth , with his permission to grant to the church Jonen in Rapperswil, whose feudal law belongs to the Counts, a resident priest donated for Sundays and public holidays (benefice, in German: Pfründe ). Sealed have Propst Gebhard, Count Rudolf for himself and his son (who has no seal) and (at

936-459: The German king had to vouch for Brun's regime, Duke Albrecht for Rapperswil and the underage Rapperswils Counts. After the death of Count Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg the inheritance of the Rapperswil possessions and rights went to Countess Elisabeth's son Wernher von Homberg, thenafter to Johann I and to his son Johann II . As mentioned, Johann I and after those dead, his son Johann II supported

988-532: The Polish Museum from its home in the castle, as two historical museum locations ( Stadtmuseum and Polish Museum) estimated to be too expensive. The museum was conducting a petition campaign to retain the Museum in the castle, but although the Stadtmuseum (museum of local history was kept respectively renewed at its location at the nearby Breny house at Herrenberg in 2012/13, indeed, the future of

1040-466: The Polish Museum remains unsure. Rebuilt by Duke Albert II, since 1354 the castle forms an almost equilateral triangle, and each corner of the castle is reinforced with a tower. The highest tower in the southwest is the donjon , commonly called Gügeliturm in Swiss-German language, where the so-called Hochwächter warned the residents against approaching danger or fire. The five-sided Zeitturm ,

1092-683: The Seedamm, there are no bridges across the lake. In addition, the towns of Meilen and Horgen are connected by a car ferry . Bus routes on the western shore are operated by Zimmerberg Bus . On the eastern side, the VZO provides bus services along the lake shore and to the Zürcher Oberland . VZO also operates the urban bus routes in Rapperswil and Jona . At the northern end of the lake, in Zurich, public transport consists of trams , trolleybuses and busses of VBZ . Left bank : The towns on

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1144-739: The Voralpen Express. This short line connects Rapperswil with Pfäffikon SZ via Hurden . The Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft – lit.   ' the Lake Zurich Navigation Company ' – provides with its 17-passenger ships touristic services on Lake Zurich. There are a number of passenger ferry services, notably the Horgen–Meilen ferry , an auto ferry between Horgen and Meilen . The freezing of Lake Zurich, called Seegfrörni in Swiss German ,

1196-540: The abbess of the Oetenbach Nunnery , born to Countess Elisabeth by first marriage with Count Ludwig von Homberg . Johann may be raised in Laufenburg and even educated at the royal Habsburg court, as well as his son Johann II († 1380) and those brothers Rudolf IV and Gotfrid II . On 23 March 1310 ( X. Kal. April. Ind. Vili. ) Gebhard, provost of Strassburg, authenticated as vicar in temporalibus of

1248-418: The bailiwick passed to Count Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg († 1315) by second marriage of Countess Elisabeth, the sister of Rudolf V, followed by her son, Count Johann I († 1337 in Grynau ) and his son, Johann II († 1380). In 1350 an attempted coup by the aristocratic opposition (a central person was Count Johann II ) in the city of Zurich was forcefully put down, and the town walls of Rapperswil and

1300-535: The canton of Zurich, and Rapperswil-Jona . The latter includes the medieval town of Rapperswil , whose castle is home to the Polish museum , and the coastal villages of Kempraten , Busskirch and Bollingen . The municipalities of Rapperswil-Jona and Schmerikon , which is close to the east end of the lake, are both in the canton of St. Gallen . A little further east is the larger town of Uznach . Nine Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee , which are located in

1352-441: The castle were destroyed by Rudolf Brun . Eis-zwei-Geissebei , a Carnival festival hold in Rapperswil on Shrove Tuesday , may go back to the siege and destruction of the city of Rapperswil. The battlements and the castle were rebuilt by Albrecht II, Duke of Austria in 1352/54. After the extinction of the line of Habsburg-Laufenburg in 1442, the castle was given to the citizens of Rapperswil. Ending Old Zurich War , Rapperswil

1404-566: The castle's interior in 1798. Inside the castle's palais, there is located next to the Polish Museum the Schloss Restaurant . After hours visits are available by appointment, as well as guided tours for groups, although the castle is just partially accessible for the public. The impressing Rittersaal (knight's hall) and the historical wooden architecture, as well some pictures and tapestry include further points of interest. The city and local board of Rapperswil-Jona initiated in 2011

1456-527: The castle, the town walls and the city. The chapel adjoining the ossuary dates back to the time when the parish passed from the Busskirch church to the Rapperswil church and accordingly an inner city cemetery was established. The first chapel was associated to the castle, but the chapel was located outside of its walls and separated by a trench. The preceding building of the Liebfrauenkapelle

1508-466: The death. In the pain and wrath, his abiders cut down the captived [Count of] 'Toggenburg' in pieces. Count Johann's children – Johann II , the oldest of three sons, Rudolf and Gotfrid, and Agnes – were set under guardianship of Albrecht, Duke of Austria, sealed by a document between the city of Zürich and the German King respectively Duke Albrecht on 21 November 1337. The document included also

1560-470: The east end of Lake Zurich (near Schmerikon ) by means of the straightened Linth canal (completed in 1816). Until the early 16th century, there was another lake upstream of Obersee , Lake Tuggen ( Tuggenersee ) near Tuggen . The waters of Lake Zurich flow out of the lake at its north-west end (at the level of the Quaibrücke ), passing through the city of Zurich; however, the outflow is then called

1612-553: The entire area of the Lindenhof and Herrenberg area. Likewise, there are few reliable data for the construction, only the renovations and the function of the castle are therefore secured by historical sources. Rapperswil Castle and the Polish Museum are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance , as well as the historical lake crossings and settlements , as Class A objects of national importance. Lake Zurich Lake Zurich ( German : Zürichsee ; Alemannic German : Zürisee )

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1664-505: The forgiveness of debt of the Herrschaft Rapperswil , as some sources hypothesize. Some, if not most of the refugees, were decades before their exile vassals of the Counts of Rapperswil, including the ancient councilors family Bilgeri those members lost six of their seats in the council of Zürich. Graf Diethelm von Toggenburg moved On 21 September 1337 with a fleet, numerous soldiers and siege material from Zürich over

1716-626: The lake has grown in size over time, the original piles are now around 4 metres (13 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) under the water level of 406 metres (1,332 ft). Two other sites are not far away: Greifensee–Storen/Wildsberg at the Greifensee and Wetzikon–Robenhausen at the Pfäffikersee. As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, each of these 11 prehistoric pile dwellings

1768-707: The lake. At Wädenswil , the line connects to the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln railway to Einsiedeln , served by the S13 . Right bank : Towns on the eastern shore of the lower lake (also known as the Goldcoast , or Goldküste ) are connected by the Lake Zurich right bank railway line between Zürich HB and Rapperswil . This line is served by S-Bahn services S6 , S7 , S16 and S20 of Zurich S-Bahn. The Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line along

1820-482: The lakeshore Buechberg , silently his soldiers from Rapperswil crossing the lake. From the wooded eastern slope of the mountain, Johann raided the Zürich troops carelessly encamped; which headless fled to their ships, and Graf Diethelm was taken as prisoner. As the Zürich troops remarked that Graf Johann had just a handful of soldiers, they competed for the counterattack, attacked Johann's small squad, and Count Johann von Habsburg-Laufenburg found after valiant resistance

1872-723: The lower part is sometimes also referred to as the Lower Lake ( unterer Zürichsee ), respectively. Lake Zurich is a glacial lake that was formed by the Rhine-Linth glacier  [ de ] . Its main tributary is the River Linth , which rises in the glaciers of the Glarus Alps . The Linth originally flew directly into Lake Zurich, but was later diverted by the Escher canal (completed in 1811) into Lake Walen ( Walensee ) from where its waters are now carried to

1924-733: The narrowest point of the lake at the level of the Hurden Peninsula , carrying a railway line and road from Rapperswil to Pfäffikon . The waterway is also crossed by the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden , a wooden pedestrian bridge. The eastern section of the lake is known as the Obersee ( lit.   ' Upper Lake ' ). West of the Seedamm lie the small islands of Lützelau and Ufenau , where in 1523 Ulrich von Hutten took refuge and died. Other islands include Grosser Hafner , Saffa Island and Schönenwerd (near Richterswil ). A popular tourist destination

1976-633: The nobility of Rapperswil moved from Altendorf ( Alt-Rapperswil ) across the lake to the other side of the so-called Seedamm , maybe to establish their own parish church and to avoid to go the mess, by crossing the lake, in St. Martin Busskirch . As before in the 11th and 12th century AD, the family acted as Vogt of the Einsiedeln Abbey. Sandstone from the Lützelau island was used to build

2028-496: The northern shore of Obersee is served by St. Gallen S-Bahn services S4 , S6 and S17 , and the Voralpen Express . This line connects Rapperswil with Schmerikon on the eastern end of the lake via Blumenau . Bollingen is a ghost station since 2004. Seedamm : The Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway line across the Seedamm and Hurden Peninsula is served by Zurich S-Bahn services S5 and S40 and

2080-539: The northwestern Seedamm area. Thus, the castle was well protected, dominating the old town of Rapperswil, and controlling the water way between Walensee and Lake Zurich on its most narrow part, as well as the medieval Gotthard Pass route between Lombardy and Zurich , and the Jakobsweg (Way of St. James) to the Einsiedeln Abbey . The castle is situated next to Stadtpfarrkirche Rapperswil and

2132-481: The opposition of the former council members of Zürich against Rudolf Brun, since 1336 the self-style mayor of the city. An uprising in Zürich failed in 1350, and the city of Rapperswil and the remaining two castles of the House of Rapperswil were widely destroyed by Brun's troops. Count Johann II was arrested in Zürich for two years, and in 1352 he had to sell most of the remaining property to Albert II, Duke of Austria ,

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2184-579: The present cemetery chapel , and (to the east) neighboured by former small castle, as of today the Stadtmuseum Rapperswil . Rapperswil Castle dates back around 1200 to 1220 AD, and it was first mentioned in 1229 on occasion of the foundation of the Rüti Abbey . The castle and the fortifications of the former locus Endingen (given by the Einsiedeln Abbey ) were built by Count Rudolf II and his son Rudolf III von Rapperswil , when

2236-590: The request of the Counts) Abbot Joh. V. Einsiedeln and the mayor of the city Rapperswil. Johann was married to Agnes von Werd († after 9 February 1354), daughter of Sigismund of Werd, landgrave of the Lower Alsace. Johann's mother, Countess Elisabeth died in 1309, and after the death of his father Rudolf III in 1314, Count Johann was Landgraf of the Unterklettgau bailiwick and Vogt of

2288-548: The so-called Äusseres Zürich coalition of the Grafschaft Rapperswil , some knights and nobles which supported them, Count Johann became the leader of the opposition in the city of Zürich . Latter was supported among others by the House of Toggenburg as its military arm, as well by the Einsiedeln Abbey which supported Brun's regime. The counselors hoped for support by Count Johann and offered probably in return

2340-444: The south shore) are Kilchberg , Rüschlikon , Thalwil , Oberrieden , Horgen , Au , Wädenswil and Richterswil in the canton of Zurich , and Freienbach , Pfäffikon , Hurden, Altendorf , Lachen , Nuolen and Tuggen in the canton of Schwyz . On the opposite shore, which gradually becomes the northern shore towards east, are Zollikon , Küsnacht , Erlenbach , Herrliberg , Feldmeilen , Meilen , Stäfa , and Feldbach in

2392-512: The vicinity, such as Egelsee , Lützelsee or Türlersee . Zimmerberg , Etzel and Buechberg mountains lie to the west and south of the lake, respectively. Further to the east, the Speer , Chüemettler and Federispitz can be seen from the southern part of the lake. Administratively, Lake Zurich is split between the cantons of Zurich ( Horgen District ), St. Gallen ( See-Gaster ) and Schwyz ( Höfe and March districts). The lower lake, to

2444-463: The west of the Seedamm, is largely in the canton of Zurich, whilst the upper lake is shared between the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz. The following rivers or streams flow into lower part of Lake Zurich. From the Limmat clockwise, they are: Zurich , at the north-western end of the lake, is the largest city on Lake Zurich. The least populous is Hurden . On the west shore (which gradually becomes

2496-527: The western and southern shores of Lake Zurich are linked by the Lake Zurich left bank railway line, which connects Zürich HB with Ziegelbrücke . This line is served by the S2 , S8 , S24 and S25 of the Zurich S-Bahn and InterRegio (IR) trains. It is also used by EuroCity (EC), Intercity Express (ICE), Intercity (IC) and Railjet (RJX) trains but they do not call at stations along

2548-486: Was built as an ossuary around 1220 to 1253. The charnel house was first mentioned as intra cymeterium ecclesia , meaning church in the cemetery. The Counts of Rapperswil became extinct in 1283 with the death of the 18-year-old Count Rudolf V , after which emperor Rudolf I acquired their fiefs. The Herrschaft Rapperswil proper passed to the house of Homberg represented by Count Ludwig († April, 27 1289) by first marriage of Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil . Around 1309

2600-566: Was controlled by the Swiss Confederation from 1458 to 1798 as a so-called Gemeine Herrschaft , i.e. under control of two cantons of the Old Swiss Conferation and their representative, a Vogt , and Rapperswil castle became an administration site respectively military base and prison. Over the course of time, the castle fell into disrepair. In 1870 the castle was leased for 99 years from the local authorities by

2652-508: Was mentioned for the first time. On the castle's terrace, the eastern part of the so-called Lindenhof hill-square , the Polish freedom pillar is situated, as a sign of Switzerland's solidarity with people who struggle for their freedom, as well a tiny rose garden . From there is also an impressing view over the medieval town of Rapperswil, upper and lower Lake Zurich , on the Seedamm and

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2704-728: Was the Count of the House Habsburg-Laufenburg and later Count of the House of Rapperswil . Johann was born between 1295 and 1297 AD probably in the Rapperswil Castle in the medieval city of Rapperswil as the oldest son of Elisabeth Countess of Rapperswil († 1309) by second marriage with Count Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg († 1315). Rudolf, Ludwig and Clara are mentioned as siblings of Johann, as well as his stepbrother Reichsvogt Wernher von Homberg and his stepsister Cecilia von Homberg who became

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