93-547: The Scottish Play and the Bard's play are euphemisms for William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . The first is a reference to the play's Scottish setting, the second a reference to Shakespeare's popular nickname . According to a theatrical superstition , called the Scottish curse , speaking the name Macbeth inside a theatre, other than as called for in the script while rehearsing or performing, will cause disaster. On top of
186-547: A Laurence Olivier Award for his performance in Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell (1989). His other appearances that decade include Uncle Silas (1989) for television. O'Toole's performances in the 1990s include Wings of Fame (1990); The Rainbow Thief (1990), with Sharif; King Ralph (1991) with John Goodman ; Isabelle Eberhardt (1992); Rebecca's Daughters (1992), in Wales; Civvies (1992),
279-583: A Primetime Emmy Award for his role as Bishop Pierre Cauchon in the 1999 mini-series Joan of Arc . He also produced and starred in a TV adaptation of Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell (1999). O'Toole's work in the next decade included Global Heresy (2002); The Final Curtain (2003); Bright Young Things (2003); Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003) for TV, as Paul von Hindenburg ; and Imperium: Augustus (2004) as Augustus Caesar . In 2004, he played King Priam in Troy . In 2005, he appeared on television as
372-954: A Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company . In 1959, he made his West End debut in The Long and the Short and the Tall , and played the title role in Hamlet in the National Theatre 's first production in 1963. Excelling on stage, O'Toole was known for his "hellraiser" lifestyle off it. He received a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance for his portrayal of Jeffrey Bernard in
465-718: A hematologic disease . He eventually recovered and returned to work. He resided on the Sky Road, just outside Clifden , Connemara , County Galway, from 1963, and at the height of his career maintained homes in Dublin, London, and Paris (at the Ritz , which was where his character supposedly lived in the film How to Steal a Million ). In an interview with NPR in December 2006, O'Toole revealed that he knew all 154 of Shakespeare 's sonnets . A self-described romantic, O'Toole said of
558-798: A paranoid schizophrenic in The Ruling Class (1972), a war veteran turned stunt man in The Stunt Man (1980), a film actor in My Favorite Year (1982), and an elderly man in Venus (2006). He holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for acting without a win (tied with Glenn Close ). In 2002, he was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements. O'Toole has also starred in films such as What's New Pussycat? (1965), How to Steal
651-492: A rhetorical strategy , in which case its goal is to change the valence of a description. Using a euphemism can in itself be controversial, as in the following examples: The use of euphemism online is known as " algospeak " when used to evade automated online moderation techniques used on Meta and TikTok's platforms. Algospeak has been used in debate about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . Phonetic euphemism
744-498: A British TV series; The Seventh Coin (1993); Heaven & Hell: North & South, Book III (1994), for American TV; and Heavy Weather (1995), for British TV. He was in an adaptation of Gulliver's Travels (1996), playing the Emperor of Lilliput; FairyTale: A True Story (1997), playing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ; Phantoms (1998), from a novel by Dean Koontz ; and Molokai: The Story of Father Damien (1999). He won
837-459: A Canadian-Chinese miniseries. O'Toole's final performances came in Eldorado (2012) and For Greater Glory : The True Story of Cristiada (2012). On 10 July 2012, O'Toole released a statement announcing his retirement from acting. A number of films were released after his retirement and death: Decline of an Empire (2013), as Gallus ; and Diamond Cartel (2017). While studying at RADA in
930-505: A Limited Series or Movie for his portrayal of Bishop Pierre Cauchon in the CBS miniseries Joan of Arc (1999). He was Emmy-nominated for his performances as Lucius Flavius Silva in the ABC miniseries Masada (1981), and Paul von Hindenburg in the miniseries Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003). Peter Seamus O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932, the son of Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson),
1023-645: A Million (1966), Man of La Mancha (1972), Caligula (1979), Zulu Dawn (1979), and Supergirl (1984), with supporting roles in The Last Emperor (1987), Bright Young Things (2003), Troy (2004), Stardust (2007), and Dean Spanley (2008). He also voiced Anton Ego, the restaurant critic in Pixar 's animated film Ratatouille (2007). On television, he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in
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#17327823391171116-670: A Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph "Spats" O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player, and bookmaker . O'Toole claimed he was not certain of his birthplace or date, stating in his autobiography that he accepted 2 August as his birth date but had birth certificates from England and Ireland. The birth certificate recorded at the Leeds General Register Office says he was born at St James's University Hospital in Leeds , Yorkshire, England, on 2 August 1932. O'Toole had an elder sister named Patricia and grew up in
1209-585: A company with the actor. Buck cast O'Toole in The Day They Robbed the Bank of England (1961), a heist thriller from director John Guillermin . O'Toole was billed third, beneath Aldo Ray and Elizabeth Sellars . The same year he appeared in several episodes of the TV series Rendezvous ("End of a Good Man", "Once a Horseplayer", "London-New York"). He lost the role in the film adaptation of Long and
1302-441: A euphemism for dead and an adjective meaning overdue, can cause confusion in listeners. Euphemisms are also used to mitigate, soften or downplay the gravity of large-scale injustices, war crimes, or other events that warrant a pattern of avoidance in official statements or documents. For instance, one reason for the comparative scarcity of written evidence documenting the exterminations at Auschwitz , relative to their sheer number,
1395-660: A euphemism for defecation in Pre-Germanic, as the Proto-Indo-European root * sḱeyd- , from which it was derived, meant 'to cut off'. Another example in American English is the replacement of " colored people " with " Negro " (euphemism by foreign language), which itself came to be replaced by either "African American" or "Black". Also in the United States the term "ethnic minorities" in
1488-680: A film for several years. He performed at the Bristol Old Vic from 1973 to 1974 in Uncle Vanya , Plunder , The Apple Cart and Judgement . He returned to films with Rosebud (1975), a flop thriller for Otto Preminger , in which O'Toole replaced Robert Mitchum at the last minute. He followed it with Man Friday (1975), an adaptation of the Robinson Crusoe story, which was the last work from Keep Films. O'Toole made Foxtrot (1976), directed by Arturo Ripstein . He
1581-564: A film starring Terry-Thomas, Operation Snatch . In 1962 O'Toole and Buck announced they wanted to make a version of Waiting for Godot for £80,000. The film was never made. Instead their first production was Becket (1964), where O'Toole played King Henry II opposite Richard Burton. The film, done in association with Hal Wallis , was a financial success. O'Toole turned down the lead role in The Cardinal (1963). Instead he and Buck made another epic, Lord Jim (1965), based on
1674-474: A fire burned down the D. Maria II National Theatre in Lisbon, Portugal. At the time, the play being shown was Macbeth . In 1980, a production of Macbeth at The Old Vic starring Peter O'Toole , often referred to as Macdeath , was performed. It was reviewed so badly that the theatre company disbanded shortly after the play. Mishaps on the set of his film Opera led director Dario Argento to believe that
1767-718: A foreign language may be imported for use as euphemism. For example, the French word enceinte was sometimes used instead of the English word pregnant ; abattoir for slaughterhouse , although in French the word retains its explicit violent meaning 'a place for beating down', conveniently lost on non-French speakers. Entrepreneur for businessman , adds glamour; douche (French for 'shower') for vaginal irrigation device; bidet ('little pony') for vessel for anal washing. Ironically, although in English physical " handicaps " are almost always described with euphemism, in French
1860-468: A guest director mocks the superstition by saying the word "Macbeth" onstage, spins around, and falls off on her third spin, resulting in an injury that takes her out of commission for the rest of the season. On The Simpsons , the core five are invited into a performance by Ian McKellen (in Scottish attire, clearly in the title role). The family keeps saying the title, which only makes more bad luck strike
1953-768: A man in love with his sister (played by Susannah York ) in Country Dance (1970). O'Toole starred in a war film for director Peter Yates , Murphy's War (1971), appearing alongside Sian Phillips. He was reunited with Richard Burton in a film version of Under Milk Wood (1972) by Dylan Thomas , produced by himself and Buck; Elizabeth Taylor co-starred. The film was not a popular success. He received another Academy Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in The Ruling Class (1972), done for his own company. In 1972, he played both Miguel de Cervantes and his fictional creation Don Quixote in Man of La Mancha ,
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#17327823391172046-483: A musical adaptation of James Hilton's novella , starring opposite Petula Clark . He was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . O'Toole fulfilled a lifetime ambition in 1970 when he performed on stage in Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , alongside Donal McCann , at Dublin's Abbey Theatre . In other films, he played
2139-721: A nine-month season at the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford, appearing in The Taming of the Shrew (as Petruchio), The Merchant of Venice (as Shylock) and Troilus and Cressida (as Thersites). He could have made more money in films but said "You've got to go to Stratford when you've got the chance." O'Toole had been seen in The Long and the Short and the Tall by Jules Buck who later established
2232-525: A performance that famously earned O'Toole some of the worst reviews of his career. O'Toole was nominated for another Oscar for My Favorite Year (1982), a light romantic comedy about the behind-the-scenes at a 1950s TV variety-comedy show, in which O'Toole plays an ageing swashbuckling film star reminiscent of Errol Flynn . He returned to the stage in London with a performance in Man and Superman (1982) that
2325-460: A polite way. Euphemism comes from the Greek word euphemia ( εὐφημία ) which refers to the use of 'words of good omen'; it is a compound of eû ( εὖ ), meaning 'good, well', and phḗmē ( φήμη ), meaning 'prophetic speech; rumour, talk'. Eupheme is a reference to the female Greek spirit of words of praise and positivity, etc. The term euphemism itself was used as a euphemism by
2418-492: A strong affinity with Ireland and on occasion referred to himself as Irish: “I consider myself to be an Irishman but I have lived most of my life in England so I am fairly bogus Irish actor as such”. In an interview with Charlie Rose in 1992 he said Irishness was “almost the centre of my very being” and that “Everything I think of is coloured by its history, by its literature, by its people, by its geography”. He recalls that he
2511-520: A younger lover. O'Toole and his girlfriend, model Karen Brown, had a son, Lorcan O'Toole (born 17 March 1983), when O'Toole was fifty years old. Lorcan, now an actor, was a pupil at Harrow School , boarding at West Acre from 1996. O'Toole played rugby league as a child in Leeds and was also a rugby union fan, attending Five Nations matches with friends and fellow rugby fans Richard Harris , Kenneth Griffith , Peter Finch and Richard Burton . He
2604-532: Is "directives for the extermination process obscured in bureaucratic euphemisms". Another example of this is during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , where Russian President Vladimir Putin , in his speech starting the invasion, called the invasion a " special military operation ". Euphemisms are sometimes used to lessen the opposition to a political move. For example, according to linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann , Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu used
2697-435: Is about his years spent training with a cadre of friends at RADA . O'Toole was interviewed at least three times by Charlie Rose on his eponymous talk show . In a 17 January 2007 interview, O'Toole stated that British actor Eric Porter had most influenced him, adding that the difference between actors of yesterday and today is that actors of his generation were trained for "theatre, theatre, theatre". He also believes that
2790-547: Is an electrifyingly outgoing actor, and it is a surprise to see him make his first appearance...with his features twisted into melancholy" He performed in Baal (1963) at the Phoenix Theatre. Even prior to the making of Lawrence of Arabia , O'Toole announced he wanted to form a production company with Jules Buck. In November 1961 they said their company, known as Keep Films (also known as Tricolor Productions) would make
2883-444: Is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to topics some consider taboo such as mental or physical disability, sexual intercourse, bodily excretions, pain, violence, illness, or death in
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2976-486: Is often referred to as the Scottish Lady or Lady M . However, one of the most popular traditions among Shakespeare-specific actors allows "Macbeth" in reference to the character. Nonetheless, many call the pair "Macb" and "Lady Macb". The traditional origin is said to be a curse set upon the play by a coven of witches , angry at Shakespeare for using a real spell. One hypothesis for the origin of this superstition
3069-487: Is that Macbeth , being a popular play, was commonly put on by theatres in financial trouble, or that the high production costs of Macbeth put theatres in financial trouble, and hence an association was made between a production of Macbeth and theatres going out of business. When the name of the play is spoken in a theatre, tradition requires the person who spoke it to leave, perform traditional cleansing rituals , and be invited back in. The rituals are supposed to ward off
3162-478: Is used to replace profanities and blasphemies, diminishing their intensity. To alter the pronunciation or spelling of a taboo word (such as profanity ) to form a euphemism is known as taboo deformation , or a minced oath . Such modifications include: Euphemisms formed from understatements include asleep for dead and drinking for consuming alcohol. " Tired and emotional " is a notorious British euphemism for "drunk", one of many recurring jokes popularized by
3255-514: The Abbey Theatre 's drama school in Dublin by the director Ernest Blythe , because he could not speak the Irish language . At RADA, he was in the same class as Albert Finney , Alan Bates and Brian Bedford . O'Toole described this as "the most remarkable class the academy ever had, though we weren't reckoned for much at the time. We were all considered dotty ." O'Toole began working in
3348-923: The Academy Award for Best Actor . He received the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor . His performance was ranked number one in Premiere magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Performances of All Time. In 2003, Lawrence as portrayed by O'Toole was selected as the tenth-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute . Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote in 1989 "The then unknown Peter O'Toole, with his charmingly diffident manner and his hair and eyes looking unnaturally gold and blue, accounted for no small part of this film's appeal to impressionable young fans". O'Toole played Hamlet under Laurence Olivier 's direction in
3441-591: The Social Security Administration replaced the term "mental retardation" with " intellectual disability ". Since 2012, that change in terminology has been adopted by the National Institutes of Health and the medical industry at large. There are numerous disability-related euphemisms that have negative connotations . Peter O%27Toole Peter Seamus O'Toole ( / oʊ ˈ t uː l / ; 2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013)
3534-532: The Stadium of Light . He described Roker Park as his last connection to the club and that everything "they meant to him was when they were at Roker Park". Severe illness almost ended O'Toole's life in the late 1970s. His stomach cancer was misdiagnosed as resulting from his alcoholic excess. O'Toole underwent surgery in 1976 to have his pancreas and a large portion of his stomach removed, which resulted in insulin -dependent diabetes . In 1978, he nearly died from
3627-707: The West End in the play The Long and the Short and the Tall , performed at the Royal Court beginning in January 1959. His co-stars included Robert Shaw and Edward Judd , and it was directed by Lindsay Anderson . O'Toole reprised his performance for television on Theatre Night in 1959 (although he did not appear in the 1961 film version ). The show transferred to the West End in April and won O'Toole Best Actor of
3720-701: The ancient Greeks ; with the meaning "to keep a holy silence" (speaking well by not speaking at all). Reasons for using euphemisms vary by context and intent. Commonly, euphemisms are used to avoid directly addressing subjects that might be deemed negative or embarrassing, such as death , sex , and excretory bodily functions. They may be created for innocent, well-intentioned purposes or nefariously and cynically, intentionally to deceive, confuse or deny . Euphemisms which emerge as dominant social euphemisms are often created to serve progressive causes. The Oxford University Press 's Dictionary of Euphemisms identifies "late" as an occasionally ambiguous term, whose nature as
3813-492: The " euphemism treadmill ", as coined by Steven Pinker . For instance, the place of human defecation is a needy candidate for a euphemism in all eras. Toilet is an 18th-century euphemism, replacing the older euphemism house-of-office , which in turn replaced the even older euphemisms privy-house and bog-house . In the 20th century, where the old euphemisms lavatory (a place where one washes) and toilet (a place where one dresses ) had grown from widespread usage (e.g., in
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3906-723: The 2006 film Venus , directed by Roger Michell , his eighth such nomination. He was in One Night with the King (2007) and co-starred in the Pixar animated film Ratatouille (2007), an animated film about a rat with dreams of becoming the greatest chef in Paris, as Anton Ego, a food critic. He had a small role in Stardust (2007). He also appeared in the second season of Showtime 's drama series The Tudors (2008), portraying Pope Paul III , who excommunicates King Henry VIII from
3999-598: The 2010s has been replaced by " people of color ". Venereal disease , which associated shameful bacterial infection with a seemingly worthy ailment emanating from Venus , the goddess of love, soon lost its deflective force in the post-classical education era, as "VD", which was replaced by the three-letter initialism "STD" (sexually transmitted disease); later, "STD" was replaced by "STI" (sexually transmitted infection). Intellectually-disabled people were originally defined with words such as "morons" or "imbeciles", which then became commonly used insults. The medical diagnosis
4092-453: The English word handicap is used as a euphemism for their problematic words infirmité or invalidité . Periphrasis , or circumlocution , is one of the most common: to "speak around" a given word, implying it without saying it. Over time, circumlocutions become recognized as established euphemisms for particular words or ideas. Bureaucracies frequently spawn euphemisms intentionally, as doublespeak expressions. For example, in
4185-899: The Gaiety Theatre in Dublin he appeared in productions of Juno and the Paycock and Man and Superman . Sam Spiegel , producer of Lawrence of Arabia , reunited O'Toole with Omar Sharif in The Night of the Generals (1967), which was a box office disappointment. O'Toole played in an adaptation of Noël Coward 's Present Laughter for TV in 1968, and had a cameo in Casino Royale (1967). He played Henry II again in The Lion in Winter (1968) alongside Katharine Hepburn , and
4278-930: The School, including a professional contract at Bristol Old Vic Theatre. He has a memorial plaque in St Paul's , the Actors' Church in Covent Garden , London. On 21 April 2017, the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin announced that Kate O'Toole had placed her father's archive at the Humanities Research Centre. The collection includes O'Toole's scripts, extensive published and unpublished writings, props, photographs, letters, medical records, and more. It joins
4371-525: The Short and the Tall to Laurence Harvey . "It broke my heart", he said later. O'Toole's major break came in November 1960 when he was chosen to play the eponymous hero T. E. Lawrence in Sir David Lean 's epic Lawrence of Arabia (1962), after Albert Finney reportedly turned down the part. The role introduced him to a global audience and earned him the first of his eight nominations for
4464-515: The United States) to being synonymous with the crude act they sought to deflect, they were sometimes replaced with bathroom (a place where one bathes), washroom (a place where one washes), or restroom (a place where one rests) or even by the extreme form powder room (a place where one applies facial cosmetics). The form water closet , often shortened to W.C. , is a less deflective form. The word shit appears to have originally been
4557-434: The West End but it ultimately folded in the provinces; during that show he met Siân Phillips who became his first wife. O'Toole continued to appear on television, being in episodes of Armchair Theatre ("The Pier", 1957), and BBC Sunday-Night Theatre ("The Laughing Woman", 1958) and was in the TV adaptation of The Castiglioni Brothers (1958). He made his London debut in a musical, Oh, My Papa . He gained fame on
4650-560: The Year in 1959. O'Toole was in much demand. He reportedly received five offers of long-term contracts but turned them down. His first role was a small role in Disney's version of Kidnapped (1960), playing the bagpipes opposite Peter Finch . His second feature was The Savage Innocents (1960) with Anthony Quinn for director Nicholas Ray . With his then wife Sian Phillips he did Siwan: The King's Daughter (1960) for TV. In 1960 he had
4743-520: The actor, including lightning striking him and the " MAC " falling from the signage (leaving the " BETH "). Patrick Stewart , on the radio program Ask Me Another , asserted "if you have played the role of the Scottish thane, then you are allowed to say the title, any time anywhere." English actor Harold Norman, playing Macbeth, was mortally wounded in a sword fight during a performance of Macbeth at Oldham's Colosseum Theatre on 30 January 1947. He died in hospital three weeks later. On 2 December 1964
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#17327823391174836-402: The aforementioned alternative titles, some people also refer to the classical tragedy as Mackers for this reason. Variations of the superstition may also forbid quoting lines from the play within a theatre except as part of an actual rehearsal or performance of the play. Because of this superstition, the lead character is often referred to as the Scottish King or Scottish Lord . Lady Macbeth
4929-416: The age of 81. His funeral was held at Golders Green Crematorium in London on 21 December 2013, where his body was cremated in a wicker coffin. His family stated their intention to fulfil his wishes and take his ashes to the west of Ireland. On 18 May 2014, a new prize was launched in memory of Peter O'Toole at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School; this includes an annual award given to two young actors from
5022-525: The archives of several of O'Toole's collaborators and friends, including Donald Wolfit , Eli Wallach , Peter Glenville , Sir Tom Stoppard , and Dame Edith Evans . O'Toole was the recipient of numerous nominations and awards. He was offered a knighthood but rejected it in objection to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher 's policies. He received four Golden Globe Awards , one BAFTA Award for Best British Actor (for Lawrence of Arabia ) and one Primetime Emmy Award . Academy Award nominations O'Toole
5115-434: The challenge for the actor is "to use his imagination to link to his emotion" and that "good parts make good actors." However, in other venues (including the DVD commentary for Becket ), O'Toole credited Donald Wolfit as being his most important mentor. O'Toole retired from acting in July 2012 owing to a recurrence of stomach cancer. He died on 14 December 2013 at the Wellington Hospital in St John's Wood , London, at
5208-406: The church; an act which leads to a showdown between the two men in seven of the ten episodes. Also in 2008, he starred alongside Jeremy Northam and Sam Neill in the New Zealand/British film Dean Spanley , based on an Alan Sharp adaptation of Irish author Lord Dunsany's short novel, My Talks with Dean Spanley . He was in Thomas Kinkade's Christmas Cottage (2008); and Iron Road (2009),
5301-406: The director in the behind-the-scenes film The Stunt Man . His performance earned him an Oscar nomination. He appeared in a mini-series for Irish TV, Strumpet City , in which he played James Larkin . He followed this with another mini-series, Masada (1981), playing Lucius Flavius Silva . In 1980, he performed in Macbeth at the Old Vic for $ 500 a week (equivalent to $ 1,800 in 2023),
5394-411: The early 1950s, O'Toole opposed the Korean War , and later became a supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament . During the 1960s, he was involved in the opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War . He played a role in the creation of the current form of the well-known Irish folk song " Carrickfergus " which he related to Dominic Behan , who put it in print and made a recording in
5487-511: The evil that uttering the play's name is feared to bring on. The rituals include turning three times, spitting over one's left shoulder, swearing, or reciting a line from another of Shakespeare's plays. Popular lines for this purpose include, "Angels and ministers of grace defend us" ( Hamlet 1.IV), "If we shadows have offended" ( A Midsummer Night's Dream 5.II), and "Fair thoughts and happy hours attend on you" ( The Merchant of Venice , 3.IV). A more elaborate cleansing ritual involves leaving
5580-517: The film had been affected by the Macbeth curse; the opera being performed within the film is Verdi 's Macbeth . In 1988, Bulgarian singer, coach and translator Bantcho Bantchevsky committed suicide while attending a nationally broadcast matinee of Giuseppe Verdi 's opera Macbeth . He propelled himself backwards from a balcony railing at New York's Metropolitan Opera House , Lincoln Square. Ari Aster , writer and director of Hereditary , said that during filming, " Alex Wolff told me not to say
5673-561: The lovely bugger outright". The Academy informed him that they would bestow the award whether he wanted it or not. He told Charlie Rose in January 2007 that his children admonished him, saying that it was the highest honour one could receive in the filmmaking industry. O'Toole agreed to appear at the ceremony and receive his Honorary Oscar. It was presented to him by Meryl Streep , who has the most Oscar nominations of any actor or actress (21). He joked with Robert Osborne , during an interview at Turner Classic Movies ' film festival that he's
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#17327823391175766-494: The mid-1960s. Although he lost faith in organised religion as a teenager, O'Toole expressed positive sentiments regarding the life of Jesus Christ. In an interview for The New York Times , he said "No one can take Jesus away from me... there's no doubt there was a historical figure of tremendous importance, with enormous notions. Such as peace." He called himself "a retired Christian" who prefers "an education and reading and facts" to faith. The son of an Irishman, O’Toole had
5859-463: The motion picture adaptation of the 1965 hit Broadway musical , opposite Sophia Loren . The film was a critical and commercial failure, criticised for using mostly non-singing actors. His singing was dubbed by tenor Simon Gilbert , but the other actors did their own singing. O'Toole and co-star James Coco , who played both Cervantes's manservant and Sancho Panza , both received Golden Globe nominations for their performances. O'Toole did not make
5952-426: The name of William Shakespeare's Scottish play out loud because of some superstitious theater legend. I smugly announced the name, and then one of our lights burst during the shooting of the following scene." At the 94th Academy Awards , Chris Rock congratulated Denzel Washington on his performance in The Tragedy of Macbeth , saying the name of the Scottish play aloud in the Dolby Theatre . Moments later, Rock
6045-407: The neutral Hebrew lexical item פעימות peimót (literally 'beatings (of the heart)'), rather than נסיגה nesigá ('withdrawal'), to refer to the stages in the Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank (see Wye River Memorandum ) , in order to lessen the opposition of right-wing Israelis to such a move. Peimót was thus used as a euphemism for 'withdrawal'. Euphemism may be used as
6138-411: The novel by Joseph Conrad directed by Richard Brooks. He and Buck intended to follow this with a biopic of Will Adams and a film about the Charge of the Light Brigade , but neither project happened. Instead O'Toole went into What's New Pussycat? (1965), a comedy based on a script by Woody Allen , taking over a role originally meant for Warren Beatty and starring alongside Peter Sellers . It
6231-431: The nuns: their whole denial of womanhood—the black dresses and the shaving of the hair—was so horrible, so terrifying. [...] Of course, that's all been stopped. They're sipping gin and tonic in the Dublin pubs now, and a couple of them flashed their pretty ankles at me just the other day." Upon leaving school, O'Toole obtained employment as a trainee journalist and photographer on the Yorkshire Evening Post , until he
6324-426: The older version of legendary 18th century Italian adventurer Giacomo Casanova in the BBC drama serial Casanova . The younger Casanova, seen for most of the action, was played by David Tennant , who had to wear contact lenses to match his brown eyes to O'Toole's blue. He followed it with a role in Lassie (2005). O'Toole was once again nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award for his portrayal of Maurice in
6417-487: The past, the US military used the term " sunshine units " for contamination by radioactive isotopes . The United States Central Intelligence Agency refers to systematic torture as " enhanced interrogation techniques ". An effective death sentence in the Soviet Union during the Great Purge often used the clause "imprisonment without right to correspondence ": the person sentenced would be shot soon after conviction. As early as 1939, Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich used
6510-412: The play Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell (1990). Making his film debut in 1959, O'Toole received his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination for portraying T. E. Lawrence in the historical epic Lawrence of Arabia (1962). He was further Oscar-nominated for playing King Henry II in both Becket (1964) and The Lion in Winter (1968), a public school teacher in Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969),
6603-406: The premiere production of the Royal National Theatre in 1963. The casting of O'Toole as the Dane was met with some controversy with Michael Gambon describing him as a "god with bright blonde hair". On playing the role O'Toole stated he was "sick with nerves", adding "If you want to know what it's like to be lonely, really lonely, try playing Hamlet." The Times wrote, "Mr O'Toole, like Olivier,
6696-554: The propitiation. The cleansing rituals have been parodied numerous times in popular culture, including in Blackadder , Slings and Arrows , The Simpsons , The West Wing , and Make It Pop . For example, in the Blackadder episode " Sense and Senility ", a parody ritual performed by two actors involves slapping each other's hands pat-a-cake fashion, followed by tweaking the other person's nose. In Slings and Arrows ,
6789-404: The same purpose: to call a person a berk sounds less offensive than to call a person a cunt , though berk is short for Berkeley Hunt , which rhymes with cunt . The use of a term with a softer connotation, though it shares the same meaning. For instance, screwed up is a euphemism for 'fucked up'; hook-up and laid are euphemisms for ' sexual intercourse '. Expressions or words from
6882-421: The satirical magazine Private Eye ; it has been used by MPs to avoid unparliamentary language . Pleasant, positive, worthy, neutral, or nondescript terms are often substituted for explicit or unpleasant ones, with many substituted terms deliberately coined by sociopolitical movements, marketing , public relations , or advertising initiatives, including: Some examples of Cockney rhyming slang may serve
6975-506: The sonnets that nothing in the English language compares with them, and that he read them daily. In Venus (2006), he recites Sonnet 18 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"). O'Toole wrote two memoirs. Loitering with Intent: The Child chronicles his childhood in the years leading up to the Second World War, and was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year in 1992. His second, Loitering With Intent: The Apprentice ,
7068-551: The south Leeds suburb of Hunslet . When he was one year old, his family began a five-year tour of major racecourse towns in Northern England. He and his sister were brought up in their father's Catholic faith. O'Toole was evacuated from Leeds early in the Second World War, and went to a Catholic school for seven or eight years: St Joseph's Secondary School in Hunslet, Leeds. He later said, "I used to be scared stiff of
7161-566: The term Sonderbehandlung ("special treatment") to mean summary execution of persons viewed as "disciplinary problems" by the Nazis even before commencing the systematic extermination of the Jews . Heinrich Himmler , aware that the word had come to be known to mean murder, replaced that euphemism with one in which Jews would be "guided" (to their deaths) through the slave-labor and extermination camps after having been "evacuated" to their doom. Such
7254-436: The theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company , before making his television debut in 1954. He played a soldier in an episode of The Scarlet Pimpernel in 1954. He was based at the Bristol Old Vic from 1956 to 1958, appearing in productions of King Lear , The Recruiting Officer , Major Barbara , Othello , and The Slave of Truth (all 1956). He
7347-430: The theatre, spinning around and brushing oneself off, and saying "Macbeth" three times before entering again. Some production groups insist that the offender may not re-enter the theatre until invited to do so, therefore making it easy to punish frequent offenders by leaving them outside. A portrayal of the ritual occurs in the 1983 film The Dresser , in which Sir is the offender, and Norman, his dresser, officiates over
7440-689: Was Henry Higgins in Pygmalion , Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream , Uncle Gustave in Oh! My Papa! , and Jimmy Porter in Look Back in Anger (all 1957). O'Toole was Tanner in Shaw's Man and Superman (1958), a performance he reprised often during his career. He was also in Hamlet , The Holiday , Amphitryon '38 , and Waiting for Godot (as Vladimir; all 1958). He hoped The Holiday would take him to
7533-614: Was a huge success. He and Buck helped produce The Party's Over (1965). O'Toole returned to the stage with Ride a Cock Horse at the Piccadilly Theatre in 1965, which was harshly reviewed. He made a heist film with Audrey Hepburn , How to Steal a Million (1966), directed by William Wyler . He played the Three Angels in the all-star The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), directed by John Huston . In 1966 at
7626-471: Was also a lifelong player, coach and enthusiast of cricket and a fan of Sunderland A.F.C. His support of Sunderland was passed on to him through his father, who was a labourer in Sunderland for many years. He was named their most famous fan. The actor in a later interview expressed that he no longer considered himself as much of a fan following the demolition of Roker Park and the subsequent move to
7719-496: Was an English actor. Known for his leading roles on stage and screen, he received several accolades including the Academy Honorary Award , a BAFTA Award , a Primetime Emmy Award , and four Golden Globe Awards as well as nominations for a Grammy Award and a Laurence Olivier Award . O'Toole started his training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as
7812-779: Was better received than his Macbeth . He focused on television, doing an adaptation of Man and Superman (1983), Svengali (1983), Pygmalion (1984), and Kim (1984), and providing the voice of Sherlock Holmes for a series of animated TV movies. He played in Pygmalion on stage in 1984 at the West End's Shaftesbury Theatre . O'Toole returned to feature films in Supergirl (1984), Creator (1985), Club Paradise (1986), The Last Emperor (1987) as Sir Reginald Johnston , and High Spirits (1988). He appeared on Broadway in an adaptation of Pygmalion (1987), opposite Amanda Plummer . It ran for 113 performances. He won
7905-448: Was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1983. He told his friends that he wanted him to be "raised as an Irishman". O'Toole married Welsh actress Siân Phillips in 1959, with whom he had two daughters: actress Kate and Patricia. They were divorced in 1979. Phillips later said in two autobiographies that O'Toole had subjected her to mental cruelty, largely fuelled by drinking, and was subject to bouts of extreme jealousy when she finally left him for
7998-545: Was called up for national service as a signaller in the Royal Navy . As reported in a radio interview in 2006 on NPR , he was asked by an officer whether he had something he had always wanted to do. His reply was that he had always wanted to try being either a poet or an actor. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ( RADA ) in London from 1952 to 1954 on a scholarship. This came after being rejected by
8091-416: Was changed to "mentally retarded", which morphed into the pejorative, " retard ", against those with intellectual disabilities. To avoid the negative connotations of their diagnoses, students who need accommodations because of such conditions are often labeled as "special needs" instead, although the words "special" or "sped" (short for "special education") have long been schoolyard insults. As of August 2013,
8184-770: Was critically acclaimed for his performance in Rogue Male (1976) for British television. He did Dead Eyed Dicks on stage in Sydney in 1976. Less well received was Power Play (1978), made in Canada, and Zulu Dawn (1979), shot in South Africa. He toured Uncle Vanya and Present Laughter on stage. In 1979, O'Toole starred as Tiberius in the controversial Penthouse -funded biopic Caligula acting alongside Malcolm McDowell , Helen Mirren and John Gielgud . In 1980, he received critical acclaim for playing
8277-528: Was nominated eight times for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , but was never able to win a competitive Oscar. In 2002, the Academy honoured him with an Academy Honorary Award for his entire body of work and his lifelong contribution to film. O'Toole initially balked about accepting, and wrote the Academy a letter saying that he was "still in the game" and would like more time to "win
8370-409: Was nominated for an Oscar again – one of the few times an actor had been nominated playing the same character in different films. The film was also successful at the box office. Less popular was Great Catherine (1968) with Jeanne Moreau , an adaptation of the play by George Bernard Shaw which Buck and O'Toole co-produced. In 1969, he played the title role in the film Goodbye, Mr. Chips ,
8463-583: Was part of the formulation of Endlösung der Judenfrage (the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question"), which became known to the outside world during the Nuremberg Trials . Frequently, over time, euphemisms themselves become taboo words, through the linguistic process of semantic change known as pejoration , which University of Oregon linguist Sharon Henderson Taylor dubbed the " euphemism cycle " in 1974, also frequently referred to as
8556-639: Was slapped by Will Smith after making a joke about Smith's wife, Jada Pinkett Smith . Viewers, including playwright Lynn Nottage , quickly took to social media to joke that Rock had suffered the curse of the Scottish play. Further instances include the Astor Place Riot in 1849, injuries sustained by actors at a 1937 performance at The Old Vic that starred Laurence Olivier , Diana Wynyard 's 1948 accidental fall, and burns suffered by Charlton Heston in 1954. Euphemism A euphemism ( / ˈ juː f ə m ɪ z əm / YOO -fə-miz-əm )
8649-578: Was “a bit of a misfit, a bit of an odd man out” but that when he went to County Kerry , Ireland in 1946 he realized “I wasn’t different at all”. He possessed an Irish passport and believed he may have been born in Connemara . He owned a house in Ireland located in Clifden , County Galway . In 1969 he met future Irish president Michael D. Higgins and the two developed a friendship. His son Lorcan
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