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27-611: Siysky Zakaznik is located in the southern part of Kholmogorsky District, on the left bank of the Northern Dvina River . The northern part of the park is adjacent to the Northern Dvina, whereas the southern part is limited by the Yemtsa River , one of the biggest tributaries of the Northern Dvina. The northern part contains a number of lakes as well, the biggest of them being Lake Ploskoye and Lake Punanets. On

54-716: A number of smaller rivers such as the Uftyuga and the Nizhnyaya Toyma , both from the northeast. Near the urban settlement of Bereznik, the Vaga comes in from the south. At this point, the M8 highway which runs from Moscow through Vologda to Arkhangelsk, also enters the region. The Yomtsa or Yemtsa joins from the southeast, with the P1 highway (from Kargopol ) running parallel. The Pinega , formerly an important river route, joins from

81-770: Is a river in northern Russia flowing through Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea . Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic Ocean . It should not be confused with the Western Dvina , with which it is not connected. The principal tributaries of the Northern Dvina are the Vychegda (right), the Vaga (left), and

108-725: Is a river in the European part of Russia , a tributary of the Northern Dvina . Its length is about 1,100 kilometres (680 mi). Its source is approximately 310 kilometres (190 mi) west of the northern Ural Mountains . It flows roughly in a western direction, through the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast . The largest city along the Vychegda is Syktyvkar , the capital of the Komi Republic. The Viled ,

135-558: Is located. It gradually replaced Kholmogory as the chief city of the region. On the southwest side of the delta is the naval base of Severodvinsk , the second-largest city in the region. The delta ends in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The river flows through Velikoustyugsky District of the Vologda Oblast and through Kotlassky , Krasnsoborky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vinogradovsky , Kholmogorsky , and Primorsky districts of

162-469: Is roughly T-shaped. The 558 kilometres (347 mi)-long Sukhona River flows east and joins the basin of the west-flowing Vychegda (1,130 kilometres (700 mi) long). The combined river flows northwest into the White Sea , which it joins near the city of Arkhangelsk . Looking more closely, the Sukhona flows east and meets the north-flowing Yug River at Veliky Ustyug. The combined stream, now called

189-1059: The Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to the Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka. From the Vychegda, the merchants also could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or the Mylva . From the 14th century, Kholmogory was the main trading harbor on

216-534: The Novgorod Republic . Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century, Yarensk has been known since 1374. The area was attractive in the first instance because of the fur trading. From the Northern Dvina, the merchants went to the Vychegda, and further they could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or via the Mylva . The Russian name – Vychegda –

243-621: The Pinega (right). According to the Max Vasmer 's Etymological Dictionary , the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina . The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language ; however, its origin is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream . In the Komi language , the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river". The length of

270-694: The Yarenga , and the Vym are among its main tributaries. The Vychegda flows into the Northern Dvina in Kotlas (Arkhangelsk Oblast). The river basin of the Vychegda comprises vast areas in Arkhangelsk Oblast and in the Komi Republic, as well as less extended areas in Kirov Oblast and Perm Krai . About 800 kilometres (500 mi) of the Vychegda is navigable. In 1822 the Vychegda was connected to

297-524: The Arkhangelsk Oblast. All administrative centers of these districts are located at the banks of the Northern Dvina, as they developed when the river was the major transportation route of the region. In summer, the entire length of the river is navigable and is heavily used for timber rafting . The Northern Dvina Canal connects it with the Volga–Baltic Waterway. In the 19th century, a short-lived Northern Ekaterininsky Canal , now abandoned, connected

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324-549: The Northern Dvina basin with the Kama basin as well. In 1926–28 a canal connecting the Pinega, one of the major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, with the Kuloy, was constructed, however, currently the canal is pretty much neglected. Heavy commercial passenger navigation has largely disappeared and only local passenger lines remain. The passenger line connecting Kotlas and Arkhangelsk has been out of operation since 2005. The area

351-645: The Northern Dvina is 744 kilometres (462 mi). Together with its major tributary, the Sukhona , it is 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) long – about as long as the Rhine in central and western Europe. The area of its basin is 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi). The river basin of the Northern Dvina includes the major parts of the Vologda and the Arkhangelsk Oblasts , as well as areas in

378-518: The Northern Dvina was the main trading route connecting the central Russia with Arkhangelsk. Peter the Great drastically changed the situation, by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703, thus opening the way for the Baltic Sea trade, and by constructing the highway between Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk via Kargopol. The river quickly lost its role as the leading trading route, which was accelerated by

405-623: The Northern Dvina, but in the 17th century it lost this distinction to Arkhangelsk even though the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy , from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy, which had jurisdiction over all Northern Russia including the Solovetsky Monastery , was located in Kholmogory until 1762. Until the 1700s, Arkhangelsk was the main trading harbour for the sea trade of Russia and western Europe, and

432-666: The Northern Dvina, flows north about 60 km and receives the west-flowing Vychegda at Kotlas and then turns northwest to flow into the White Sea. The Sukhona-Vychegda was an important east–west transportation route while the Northern Dvina-Yug was a north–south route. The upper Sukhona is now connected by the Northern Dvina Canal to the Volga–Baltic Waterway , which links Petersburg to Moscow. The Sukhona flows east, eventually north-east, joins

459-670: The Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and the Ob ). One was upstream the Vychegda and the Yarenga , and by land into the Vashka . Another one was upstream the Vychegda, the Vym , the Yelva, then by land to the Irva and to the Mezen. Two further options included going upstream the Pinega and then by land to

486-664: The White Sea. The area was initially attractive because of fur trading. The main waterway from Novgorod into the Northern Dvina was along the Volga and its tributary, the Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. From

513-722: The construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk between 1894 and 1897. The Northern Dvina was scene of several battles during the Russian Civil War , many involving the Entente interventionist army as part of their North Russia Campaign . A special Northern Dvina Flotilla existed during the Civil War. 64°32′00″N 40°29′00″E  /  64.53333°N 40.48333°E  / 64.53333; 40.48333 Vychegda The Vychegda ( Russian : Вычегда ; Komi : Эжва , romanized:  Ežva )

540-409: The east. Near the mouth of the Pinega, the river splits into several channels, among which is the ancient selo of Kholmogory 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk. The branches rejoin and pass the modern logging town of Novodvinsk . Downstream from Novodvinsk, the 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi) delta begins. In the upstream part of the delta, the great port of Arkhangelsk

567-444: The north-flowing Yug at Veliky Ustyug and acquires the name 'Northern Dvina'. The P157 highway connects Kostroma with Kotlas via Nikolsk and Veliky Ustyug. North of Veliky Ustyg, the highway runs on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. The river flows about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north crossing from the Vologda Oblast into the Arkhangelsk Oblast, where in the city of Kotlas it receives the west-flowing Vychegda River which rises in

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594-526: The northern Ural Mountains . Since, at the confluence, the length of the Vychegda is greater than that of the Northern Dvina, the river between the source and the confluence with the Vychegda is sometimes known as the Lesser Northern Dvina ( Малая Северная Двина ). Shortly downstream from the confluence, the Northern Dvina is crossed by the railway connecting Konosha with Kotlas and Vorkuta . The Northern Dvina turns northwest and receives

621-484: The river Kama , a tributary of the river Volga , by the Northern Catherine Canal , which, however, has been disused since 1838. In summer, there is regular passenger navigation connecting Kotlas and Soyga (located approximately halfway between Solvychegodsk and Yarensk ). The area was originally populated by Finno-Ugric peoples , and was home to Vychegda Perm , which was then later colonized by

648-645: The south, the zakaznik is crossed by the Vaymuga River , a tributary of the Yemtsa. The whole area of the zakaznik is crossed from north to south by the M8 , which connects Moscow and Arkhangelsk. There are a number of villages in the limits of the zakaznik, as well as the Antonievo-Siysky Monastery . The zakaznik is located on the plain. There are karst formations present, including karst lakes. In total, there are 52 lakes and 16 swamps in

675-430: The western part of the Komi Republic and in the northern part of the Kirov Oblast , and minor areas in the north of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts . The cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda , as well as many smaller towns, many of those of significant historical importance such as Veliky Ustyug , Totma , Solvychegodsk , and Kholmogory , are located in the river basin of the Northern Dvina. The Northern Dvina basin

702-532: The zakaznik. The area of the zakaznik is covered by woods, of which 80% is coniferous forest (mostly pines and firs ). Mammals present in Siysky Zakaznik include moose , wild boar , brown bear , lynx , wolverine , badger , beaver , European mink , European otter and others. Northern Dvina River The Northern Dvina ( Се́верная Двина́ , IPA: [ˈsʲevʲɪrnəjə dvʲɪˈna] ; Komi : Вы́нва , romanized:  Výnva )

729-484: Was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . The only exception was Veliky Ustyug, which was part of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality . The rest of the Northern Dvina basin was controlled by Novgorod. Veliky Ustyug has been first mentioned in the chronicles in 1207, Shenkursk — in 1229, Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached

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