Misplaced Pages

#358641

34-531: Szold is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Benjamin Szold (1829–1902), Hungarian-American rabbi Henrietta Szold (1860–1945), founder of the Hadassah Women's Organization Nadia Szold (born 28 September 1984), filmmaker Robert Szold (1889–1977), American lawyer, Zionist movement leader Zip Szold (1888-1979), fourth president of

68-440: A commentary on the eleventh chapter of Daniel (Kohut Memorial Volume), edited "Bibelkritische Notizen" by Michael Heilprin , and published a sketch of Moses Mendelssohn on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth. He left numerous manuscripts. His daughter Henrietta was a translator, editor, philanthropist, educator, Zionist leader and the founder of Hadassah . Her younger sister Adele Szold-Seltzer (1876-1940)

102-402: A considerable share in the production of Beleuchtung eines Ministeriellen Gutachtens (Hamburg, 1859 [?]). In July, 1864, Jastrow accepted a call to Worms as district rabbi, and while there he produced Vier Jahrhunderte aus der Gesch. der Juden von der Zerstörung des Ersten Tempels bis zur Makkabäischen Tempelweihe (Heidelberg, 1865). In the autumn of 1866 he went to Philadelphia as rabbi of

136-597: A new prayer-book, Abodat Yisrael , which closely followed traditional lines. The first edition of this prayer-book appeared in 1863, with German translation, and was widely adopted by congregations in the United States; new editions were published in 1864 and 1865 (the latter with English translation), and another, revised edition in 1871, Rabbis Marcus Jastrow of Philadelphia and Henry Hochheimer of Baltimore being associated with Szold in its publication. During his entire career Szold opposed radicalism, and fought

170-502: A student he officiated during the holy days at Brieg, Silesia (1857), and at Stockholm , Sweden (1858). In 1859, he accepted a call from the Temple Oheb Shalom (Baltimore, Maryland) in whose service he remained until his death, first as rabbi and later (after 1892) as rabbi emeritus. He arrived in the United States on September 21, 1859, about a month after his marriage to Sophie Schaar, and immediately took active charge of

204-568: A week. Although it was controversial at the time, delivering a sermon in Polish does not violate any Orthodox Jewish restriction, nor does following a funeral procession on foot on the Sabbat. Today most Orthodox rabbis give lectures in their local vernacular. On various pretexts, the three rabbis were arrested (November 10, 1861) and incarcerated in the Warsaw Citadel . For 23 days Jastrow

238-770: The Ashkenazi congregation Rodeph Shalom , with which he was connected until his death, remaining in active service until 1892 and identifying himself with the interests of the Jewish community. The problem under discussion at the time was organization, urged in the East by the Orthodox Isaac Leeser and in the West by the Reform Isaac Mayer Wise . It dealt with higher education, representation, and

272-520: The Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America See also [ edit ] Kfar Szold , a kibbutz in Israel, named after Henrietta Szold [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Szold . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to

306-780: The Orthodox Union , he helped Rabbi Sabato Morais establish the Jewish Theological Seminary of America . It was only in 1913, ten years after Jastrow's death, that the next generation of management altered the Orthodox principles of the school, and from them emerged Conservative Judaism . He was removed by his congregation in September 1892 in favor of the Reform-ordained Henry Berkowitz . Jastrow attributed this decision to

340-667: The Pressburg Yeshiva , and received the rabbinical authorization from Judah Assod of Bur and Simon Sidon of Tyrnau . In 1848, he studied in Vienna , but when the revolution of that year broke out he went to Pressburg . From 1849 to 1855 he tutored in private families in Hungary, and in the latter year entered the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau and the University of Breslau , where he remained until 1858. While

374-561: The University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the doctorate of literature. Besides the journals previously mentioned, articles of his appear in the Revue des Études Juives ; Frankel's Monatsschrift ; Berliner's Magazin für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums ; Sippurim ; Journal of Biblical Literature ; Hebraica ; Young Israel ; Libanon ; "Jewish Record"; Jewish Messenger ; American Hebrew ; Jewish Exponent ; etc. Along with Benjamin Szold and Frederick de Sola Mendes , Marcus Jastrow

SECTION 10

#1732772882359

408-469: The revolution broke out . During its progress, and while Jastrow was traveling, his Prussian passport was canceled, and he was not permitted to return to Warsaw. The literary results of his Polish period are: Die Lage der Juden in Polen (anonymous; Hamburg, 1859); Kazania Polskie, a volume of Polish sermons (Posen, 1863); Die Vorläufer des Polnischen Aufstandes (anonymous; Hamburg, 1864). He probably had

442-586: The congregation. Under his guidance it grew rapidly, and, actuated by his example, it became widely known for its strict observance of Shabbat . Before Szold's arrival the congregation had adopted for use in its Shabbat service the Minhag America (which was the new prayer-book written by Isaac Mayer Wise , a Reform rabbi); on the great fall holy days it reverted to the Minhag Ashkenaz ; after much discussion with his congregation Szold introduced

476-532: The dictionary was approaching completion in manuscript (1895), the Jewish Publication Society of America was about to begin work on its projected new translation of the Bible into English, and Jastrow was entrusted with the chief editorship. At the time of his death, the translation of more than half the books of the Bible had been revised by him. In addition to these two great undertakings, he

510-435: The extreme tendencies that had already manifested themselves when he went to the United States. He took a prominent part in communal life, and besides aiding in establishing the charitable institutions of Baltimore, he devoted himself to helping Russian refugees who had emigrated to America on account of the iniquitous May Laws . He was in sympathy with the nationalist (later Zionist ) movement, speaking in its favor as early as

544-560: The first time, Jews in Poland participated as a community. Though it was the Shabbat , three rabbis , including Jastrow, joined the funeral procession ; at the memorial service in his synagogue, also on a Sabbath, Jastrow preached his first Polish sermon, which aroused such great enthusiasm that on Sunday his auditors reassembled and took it down at his dictation. Circumventing the censor, they distributed ten thousand manuscript copies within

578-610: The formation and reorganization of societies. In 1876 Jastrow fell severely ill, and for some years his public activities were limited by his poor health, which necessitated a stay in the south of Europe. During this period of withdrawal, he fully matured the plans for his great work, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (London and New York, 1886–1903). When

612-403: The growing popularity of radical reforms and the congregation's desire to compete for membership with the more liberal synagogues. In his farewell speech, he chastised his congregation, insisting that "he who does not feel himself in unison with the tenets of Israel's religion as they have been transmitted from generation to generation, [is] not justified in occupying a Jewish pulpit established for

646-628: The leading Orthodox congregation in Warsaw , the private "German synagogue" on Daniłowiczowska Street, and threw himself into the study of the Polish language and Polish conditions. By February 27, 1861, national feeling had risen so high in Poland that the government called out the military; five victims fell in the Krakowskie Przedmieście , Warsaw, and their burial and the memorial service were turned into patriotic demonstrations, in which, for

680-528: The link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szold&oldid=822220969 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Benjamin Szold Szold studied under Rabbis Jacob Fischer of Shalgaw , Wolf Kollin of Vrbové , and Benjamin Wolf Löw at

714-570: The meantime he continued his Jewish studies and in 1853, at the age of 24, he received his semikhah from Rabbi Moses Feilchenfeld in Rogasen and later, in 1857, from Rabbi Wolf Landau in Dresden . Jastrow taught briefly at Orthodox Jewish schools in Berlin , first at a school by David Rosen then at Michael Sachs ' school. In 1858, recommended by Heinrich Graetz , Jastrow moved again as rabbi to

SECTION 20

#1732772882359

748-643: The plan of organizing the Board of Delegates of Civil and Religious Rights and, under its auspices, the Jewish Publication Society (1873). However, his main activity from 1867 to 1871 was directed toward combating the tendencies expressed in the resolutions of the rabbinical conferences of 1869 and 1871. His opposition to them found expression in a series of polemical articles published in The Hebrew Leader and The Jewish Times. To

782-613: The proclamation of Jewish doctrines." He made several efforts to prevent the introduction of certain reforms, including articles in the public press. In 1894, the Board felt the necessity to write him to ask him to refrain from publishing articles that might create strife in the congregation. He served as rabbi emeritus of the congregation until he died in 1903 on the Jewish holiday of Shemini Atzeret in Germantown, Philadelphia . In 1900,

816-571: The regulation of liturgical changes and Jastrow's personality became a factor in its solution. When, through the exertions of Leeser, the Maimonides College , the first rabbinical college in the United States, was opened at Philadelphia in October 1867, Jastrow occupied the chair of religious philosophy and Jewish history, and later also of exegesis ; he was identified with the college until it closed its doors four years later. He supported

850-478: The same period belongs his collaboration with the leading rabbi in Baltimore , Benjamin Szold , in the revision of the latter's siddur ( Seder Abodat Yisrael ) and of Hirsch Edelmann 's home siddur, Hegyon Leb or "Landshuth's Prayer-Book", and his translation of the same siddurim into English. In his congregation, Jastrow's influence effected consolidation and growth; in the Jewish community, he participated in

884-573: The spring and summer of 1862 in Breslau , Berlin , and Dresden ; in the autumn he accepted a call from the Jewish community in Mannheim . A few weeks later, Nov., 1862, the order for his expulsion was revoked, and gave occasion for a controversy between the congregation at Warsaw (which had continued his salary until he went to Mannheim) and that of Mannheim; at Jastrow's request the latter released him. A few months after his return to Warsaw (Jan. 1863)

918-633: The winter of 1893–94 before the Zion Society of Baltimore. As an exegete he developed a subtle and original system in which full account was taken of the work of the Masorites . His "Commentary on Job" (Baltimore, 1886), written in classical Hebrew and conceived in an original and deeply Jewish spirit, attests to the accuracy of his scholarship. His publications include articles in Jewish and in secular periodicals, as well as sermons, lectures, religious school-books, and devotional literature. He wrote also

952-814: Was a member of the Publication Committee of the Jewish Publication Society from the time of its establishment, and was connected with The Jewish Encyclopedia as editor of the department of the Talmud; he took a prominent part in the proceedings of the Jewish Ministers' Association , held a seat in the central board of the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Paris, was on the committee of the Mekitze Nirdamim ,

986-579: Was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in The Jewish Encyclopedia . Marcus Jastrow was the fifth child of Abraham Jastrow and Yetta (Henrietta) Rolle. Until 1840 he was privately educated. In 1844 he entered the third-year class of the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium at Posen , graduating in 1852. From there he went to Halle , where he graduated in 1855, receiving the degree of doctor of philosophy. In

1020-676: Was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen , Prussia . After receiving semikhah (rabbinical ordination), Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt. ), he became the rabbi of the then- Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia in 1866 at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It

1054-554: Was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of the Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Koine Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow

Szold - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-549: Was kept in solitary confinement ; for 72 days he shared the cell of Dow Ber Meisels . His release came on February 12, 1862, when, being a Prussian subject, he was sent across the frontier. During his imprisonment, he had been required to answer in writing three questions concerning the relation of the Jews to the Polish Christians in their opposition to the government. Broken in health, Jastrow, with his family, spent

1122-752: Was one of the vice-presidents of the American Federation of Zionists , and was active in relieving the needs, material and intellectual, of the Russian immigrants. Jastrow initially allowed his congregation to join the Reform Union of American Hebrew Congregations . After the Reform movement united around the radical " Pittsburgh Platform " in 1885, Jastrow, along with many other rabbis of the time, withdrew his congregation's membership. In 1886, together with Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes , founder of

1156-490: Was the translator of the first American edition of Maya the Bee . It was published in 1922 by her husband Thomas Seltzer. Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a German-born American Talmudic scholar and rabbi, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli , Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . Jastrow

#358641