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127-841: Podkletnov graduated from the University of Chemical Technology, Mendeleyev Institute , in Moscow ; he then spent 15 years at the Institute for High Temperatures in the Russian Academy of Sciences . He received a doctorate in materials science from Tampere University of Technology in Finland . After graduation he continued superconductor research at the university, in the Materials Science department, until his expulsion in 1997. After which he moved back to Moscow where it

254-674: A constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. Starting in 2019, instruction in Russian will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. On 29 September 2022, Saeima passed in

381-519: A new education law which requires all schools to teach at least partially in Ukrainian, with provisions while allow indigenous languages and languages of national minorities to be used alongside the national language. The law faced criticism from officials in Russia and Hungary. The 2019 Law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language" gives priority to

508-432: A BBC news item, it was alleged that researchers at Boeing were funding a project called GRASP (Gravity Research for Advanced Space Propulsion) which would attempt to construct a gravity shielding device based on rotating superconductors, but a subsequent Popular Mechanics news item stated that Boeing had denied funding GRASP with company money, although Boeing acknowledged that it could not comment on "black projects". It

635-406: A full-time realschule with mechanical-technical and chemical-technical departments. As initially planned, the school was supposed to have a boarding house able to accommodate from 50 to 100 students. The inclusion of dormitories led to additional expenditures, and the overall construction cost for the institute increased to 360 thousand rubles. However, the very same year, construction of the school

762-558: A hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language, which is usually shown in writing not by a change of the consonant but rather by changing the following vowel. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels . Stress , which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically , though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress – such as to distinguish between homographic words (e.g. замо́к [ zamók , 'lock'] and за́мок [ zámok , 'castle']), or to indicate

889-484: A language that "belongs to the European cultural space". The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". However, one inevitable consequence would be the closure of public media broadcasts in Russian on LTV and Latvian Radio, as well as the closure of LSM's Russian-language service. In Lithuania , Russian has no official or legal status, but

1016-588: A lesser extent the languages to the south and the east: Uralic , Turkic , Persian , Arabic , and Hebrew . According to the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California , Russian is classified as a level III language in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency. Feudal divisions and conflicts created obstacles between

1143-579: A master's program under the title "Business Management in the Digital Economy". At the same time, MUCTR signed an agreement with the Perm State Agrarian and Technological University to create an Internet platform that to offer programs in the continuing professional education sector. Recently in 2021, the university launched an online bachelor's program in chemical technology. This initiative was implemented together in cooperation with

1270-622: A minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Azerbaijan , Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country. 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Georgia , Russian has no official status, but it

1397-632: A parent entity, and the Moscow D. Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Technology became an autonomous educational institution. At the onset of World War II MCTI would be partially evacuated to Kokand ( Uzbekistan ) as part of the evacuation of essential industries conducted by the Soviet authorities in response to Operation Barbarossa the German military invasion of the Soviet Union. On March 23, 1943,

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1524-399: A prototype of a data storage medium with a diameter of 120mm has been developed. Specialists from MUCTR regularly publish articles in international peer-reviewed journals in collaboration with Russian and foreign colleagues. In 2020-2021 alone, the media reported about the following MCTUR-supported studies: In October 2018, the "Mendeleev Engineering Center" was founded with the support of

1651-526: A qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the working class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a given society. In 2010, there were 259.8 million speakers of Russian in the world: in Russia – 137.5 million, in the CIS and Baltic countries – 93.7 million, in Eastern Europe – 12.9 million, Western Europe – 7.3 million, Asia – 2.7 million, in

1778-540: A rapid decrease in the number of applicants to this branch, there have been ongoing discussions since 2019 on the possibility of closing the branch. The first foreign branch of MUCTR located in Tashkent was initially launched back in 2019, while its official opening ceremony took place on May 27, 2021. The curriculum is approved by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of Uzbekistan, and training

1905-539: Is Belarusian, among ethnic Belarusians this share is 28.5%; the highest share of those who speak Belarusian at home is among ethnic Poles — 46.0%. In Estonia , Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population, according to a 2011 estimate from the World Factbook, and is officially considered a foreign language. School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, and in 2022,

2032-481: Is a co-official language per article 5 of the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan . The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Additionally, 1,854,700 residents of Kyrgyzstan aged 15 and above fluently speak Russian as a second language, or 49.6% of the population in the age group. In Tajikistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under

2159-401: Is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian , and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level. Russian is written using a Cyrillic alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their forms, along with IPA values for each letter's typical sound: Older letters of

2286-557: Is a post-posed definite article -to , -ta , -te similar to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. In the Southern Russian dialects , instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несл и is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi] , not [nʲɪsˈlʲi] ) – this

2413-676: Is alleged that the GRASP proposal was presented to Boeing and Boeing chose not to fund it. In July 2002, an article by Nick Cook in Jane's Defence Weekly reported about Boeing 's internal project GRASP — Gravity Research for Advanced Space Propulsion to evaluate the validity of Podkletnov's claims. The briefing obtained by Jane's says "If gravity modification is real, it will alter the entire aerospace business." The briefing allegedly says that Boeing, as well as BAE Systems and Lockheed Martin tried to approach Podkletnov directly and that "Podkletnov

2540-673: Is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family . It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians . It was the de facto and de jure official language of the former Soviet Union . Russian has remained an official language of the Russian Federation , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , and Tajikistan , and

2667-488: Is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding , which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs are available offering this Unicode extension, which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards. The Russian language was first introduced to computing after the M-1 , and MESM models were produced in 1951. According to

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2794-624: Is called yakanye ( яканье ). Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/ , a semivowel /w⁓u̯/ and /x⁓xv⁓xw/ , whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/ , /v/ , and final /l/ and /f/ , respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). During the Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. There

2921-672: Is conducted in Russian, following the Federal Educational Standards of Russia. The Tashkent branch prepares MA students for careers in materials science and protection of materials from corrosion, and chemical technologies of nanomaterials. BA students can pursue degrees in materials science and technology, nanomaterials and nanosystems; technology of artistic processing of materials; technology of synthetic biologically active substances, chemical pharmaceuticals and cosmetics; and safety of technological processes and production. 2023 2021 2020 In 2010–2014, under

3048-573: Is more spoken than English. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as New York City , Philadelphia , Boston , Los Angeles , Nashville , San Francisco , Seattle , Spokane , Toronto , Calgary , Baltimore , Miami , Portland , Chicago , Denver , and Cleveland . In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially

3175-564: Is odd") – чу́дно ( chúdno – "this is marvellous"), молоде́ц ( molodéts – "well done!") – мо́лодец ( mólodets – "fine young man"), узна́ю ( uznáyu – "I shall learn it") – узнаю́ ( uznayú – "I recognize it"), отреза́ть ( otrezát – "to be cutting") – отре́зать ( otrézat – "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like афе́ра ( aféra , "scandal, affair"), гу́ру ( gúru , "guru"), Гарси́я ( García ), Оле́ша ( Olésha ), Фе́рми ( Fermi ), and to show which

3302-669: Is one of the leading centers of scientific and innovative research. The university regularly implements projects carried out under federal target programs, as well as numerous grants initiated by scientific foundations. In 2020, the university carried out 202 research projects, with 40 grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research , and 9 from the Russian Scientific Foundation. As of 2021, MUCTR has more than 120 cooperation agreements with universities and companies from more than 35 countries around

3429-402: Is recognized as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language. In China , Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the small Russian communities in the northeastern Heilongjiang and

3556-450: Is reported that he took an engineering job. Since leaving Tampere in 1997 Podkletnov has avoided public contact or appearances. There is a report that he later returned to Tampere to work on superconductors at Tamglass Engineering Oy. According to the account Podkletnov gave to Wired reporter Charles Platt in a 1996 phone interview, during a 1992 experiment with a rotating superconducting disc: Podkletnov's first peer-reviewed paper on

3683-569: Is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek, Latin , Polish , Dutch , German, French, Italian, and English, and to

3810-585: Is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia, and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006. Around 1.5 million Israelis spoke Russian as of 2017. The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in

3937-677: Is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine , Moldova , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Israel . Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. It is the most spoken native language in Europe , the most spoken Slavic language , as well as the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia . It is the world's seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers , and

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4064-407: Is strongly anti-military and will only provide assistance if the research is carried out in the 'white world' of open development." Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia ( MUCTR ) ( Russian : Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д. И. Менделеева ) is a public research university in Moscow , and

4191-648: Is the largest Russian center for education and research in the field of chemical technology . The history of MUCTR can be traced back to the Moscow Industrial School initially founded in 1898. The university acquired its current name and status in 1992 with its Moscow campus mainly located on Miusskaya Square and in Tushino . The university's other two branches are situated in Novomoskovsk ( Tula Oblast ) and Tashkent ( Uzbekistan ). In 2023,

4318-518: Is the stressed word in a sentence, for example Ты́ съел печенье? ( Tý syel pechenye? – "Was it you who ate the cookie?") – Ты съе́л печенье? ( Ty syél pechenye? – "Did you eat the cookie?) – Ты съел пече́нье? ( Ty syel pechénye? "Was it the cookie you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Using

4445-470: The 2011 Lithuanian census , Russian was the native language for 7.2% of the population. In Moldova , Russian was considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. On 21 January 2021, the Constitutional Court of Moldova declared the law unconstitutional and deprived Russian of the status of the language of interethnic communication. 50% of the population

4572-1000: The Apollo–Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian was used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su . Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian

4699-413: The Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. In Turkmenistan , Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. Among 12% of the population who grew up in

4826-725: The Far Eastern Federal University , Tomsk Polytechnic University and other universities, with the support of Sibur . As of 2021, MUCTR consists of two branches located in Novomoskovsk and in Tashkent. The history of the former branch can be traced back to 1959 when it started as a faculty of the Dmitri Mendeleev Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology at the Stalinogorsk Chemical Combine. Due to

4953-621: The Ministry of Industry and Trade . Initially, the number of private investments in the project was estimated at around 5 billion rubbles. The project was supposed to launch in 2020, however, as of the end of 2021 the working date has still not been confirmed. MUCTR and its Novomoskovsk branch work on the development of the Composite Valley INTTS, located on 29 hectares special economic zone Uzlovaya in Tula oblast. The project

5080-633: The Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Ministry of Industry and Trade . The coordination of many scientific laboratories, including ones specialising in petrochemistry, agrochemistry, pharmaceuticals, radiochemistry, polymer chemistry, and fine organic synthesis has been achieved under the auspices of the Mendeleev Engineering Center. There are more than 80 units of the latest equipment for elemental and molecular analysis, electron microscopy, and determination of physicochemical parameters of solids and liquids. In 2020,

5207-584: The Ukrainian language in more than 30 spheres of public life: in particular in public administration , media, education, science, culture, advertising, services . The law does not regulate private communication. A poll conducted in March 2022 by RATING in the territory controlled by Ukraine found that 83% of the respondents believe that Ukrainian should be the only state language of Ukraine. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. On

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5334-721: The United States Census , in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the following: The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station – NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to

5461-413: The 2021/22 academic year, the university has the following structure: Since 2015, MUCTR has been the head of the federal educational and methodological association in the field of higher education in chemical engineering specialties. Among other things, the association has been endeavouring to prepare new all-Russian all-Russian educational standards for the chemical industry. The university also remains

5588-519: The 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular former Warsaw Pact countries. In Armenia , Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as

5715-471: The Belarusian society the Russian language prevails, so according to the 2019 census 6,718,557 people (71.4% of the total population) stated that they speak Russian at home, for ethnic Belarusians this share is 61.4%, for Russians — 97.2%, for Ukrainians — 89.0%, for Poles — 52.4%, and for Jews — 96.6%; 2,447,764 people (26.0% of the total population) stated that the language they usually speak at home

5842-584: The British newspaper, the Sunday Telegraph . On September 1, 1996, Matthews's story broke, leading with the startling statement: "Scientists in Finland are about to reveal details of the world's first anti-gravity device." In the ensuing uproar, the director of the laboratory where Podkletnov was working issued a defensive statement that Podkletnov was working entirely on his own. Vuorinen, listed as

5969-532: The Great and developed from the Moscow ( Middle or Central Russian ) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution , the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. However,

6096-615: The Great Patriotic War was erected in the courtyard near the main entrance at the expense of teachers, staff and students. The authors of the work were graduate students A. A. Volkov and A. A. Ershov. The inscription "Eternal glory to the Mendeleev soldiers who fell in the battles for the Soviet Motherland" is engraved on the stylobate while the marble slabs contain lists of the Mendeleev soldiers who died during

6223-533: The Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent ( знак ударения ) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress . For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к ( zamók – "lock") – за́мок ( zámok – "castle"), сто́ящий ( stóyashchy – "worthwhile") – стоя́щий ( stoyáshchy – "standing"), чудно́ ( chudnó – "this

6350-742: The International Educational and Scientific Center for Transfer of Pharmaceutical and Biotechnologies. Since 2020, the university signed up an agreement with the Crimean Federal University and the Sevastopol National Technical University to study the process of how to make drinking water from seawater. MCTUR laboratories help the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology with

6477-526: The Middle East and North Africa – 1.3 million, Sub-Saharan Africa – 0.1 million, Latin America – 0.2 million, U.S., Canada , Australia, and New Zealand – 4.1 million speakers. Therefore, the Russian language is the seventh-largest in the world by the number of speakers , after English, Mandarin, Hindi -Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Portuguese. Russian is one of the six official languages of

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6604-544: The Ministry of Higher Education attempted to merge the University of Chemical Technology of Russia with the National University of Science and Technology MISiS . However, the plan was not implemented after as a public petition campaign initiated to preserve the autonomy of Mendeleev University gained several tens of thousands of signatures. In September 2021, Professor Ilya Vorotyntsev was appointed as

6731-546: The Moscow City Duma was planning "to build in Moscow an industrial school (secondary technical, four-year) with five general education preparatory classes." In the end, the Moscow Industrial School would be founded towards the end of the 1890s. Initially, the building was supposed to be constructed on Volkhonka  [ ru ] street, but this site was subsequently given to the Pushkin Museum .nstead

6858-597: The Novomoskovsk branch) and Evgeny Yurtov were awarded the Lenin Komsomol Prize in Science and Engineering for their work on thermodynamics and chemical kinetics . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology was renamed to become the D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (MUCTR) which retained a focus on specialization in

6985-401: The Polyphonic Association of the Tuscany , Milan Conservatory , Sheremetev Center Chamber Choir, Academic Choirs of Moscow State University, Central Bank of Russia and Rybinsk Aviation-technological academy. The university also publishes largely-circulated newspaper Mendeleevets that since 2001 has been registered as media. Its first issue was released on June 27, 1949. The predecessor was

7112-511: The Russian Academy of Science. MUCTR employees regularly participate in the projects sponsored by federal target programs, scientific grants, and research under agreements with leading companies in the chemical industry, including the state corporation Rosatom , Sibur , Pharmasynthesis, EuroChem, Mikron Group . As of 2021, the university has signed more than 120 partnership agreements on scientific and educational cooperation with universities and organizations from more than 35 countries across

7239-807: The Russian alphabet include ⟨ ѣ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ е ⟩ ( /je/ or /ʲe/ ); ⟨ і ⟩ and ⟨ ѵ ⟩ , which both merged to ⟨ и ⟩ ( /i/ ); ⟨ ѳ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ф ⟩ ( /f/ ); ⟨ ѫ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ у ⟩ ( /u/ ); ⟨ ѭ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ю ⟩ ( /ju/ or /ʲu/ ); and ⟨ ѧ ⟩ and ⟨ ѩ ⟩ , which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨ я ⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/ . While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ ь ⟩ originally indicated

7366-411: The Russian architect Maksim Geppener  [ ru ] was appointed as the head of the commission dedicated to the construction of Moscow Industrial School buildings. On December 30 Geppener was also appointed as the first director of the Moscow Industrial School. Among the milestones included in this working project was the construction of a three-story educational building, a three-storey house for

7493-458: The Russian principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences, and for a while, prevented the emergence of a standardized national language. The formation of the unified and centralized Russian state in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the gradual re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space created the need for a common standard language. The initial impulse for standardization came from

7620-405: The Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent. In Uzbekistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the lingua franca of the country and the language of the elite. Russian

7747-400: The Soviet times, the main building also got two more additional floors. In 2018 the campus was largely renovated with an update of brickwork, roofing, facade finishing, replacement of the drainpipes, and hydrophobization. The other buildings of the campus were founded at the end of the XVIII–beginning of the XIX century. In May 1966, a monument to the university members who took part in

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7874-403: The United Nations. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics. In Belarus , Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus . 77% of

8001-414: The acting rector of the university. As of 2021, the university included eight faculties, two institutes, the Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences , the Children's Technopark, the Center for Digital Transformation, and various other research and educational centers and laboratories. The university prepares bachelors, specialists, masters, postgraduate and doctoral students for careers in

8128-410: The apparent gravity-modification effect, published in 1992, attracted little notice. In 1996, he submitted a longer paper, in which he claimed to have observed a larger effect (2% weight reduction as opposed to 0.3% in the 1992 paper) to the Journal of Physics D . According to Platt, a member of the editorial staff, Ian Sample, leaked the submitted paper to Robert Matthews, the science correspondent for

8255-428: The beginning of October 1959, MCTI expanded again to open another branch in Stalinogorsk (now – Novomoskovsk). By 1965 the institute started construction of a new student complex in Tushino, however, due to a partial work freeze at the beginning of the 1970s, the process of placing the Tushino building complex into operation took quite a longer time than originally forecast. Another campus constructed concurrently with

8382-403: The broader sense of expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages. The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language ( современный русский литературный язык – "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). It arose at the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter

8509-416: The center's profit amounted to more than 4.8 million rubles, and its revenue - was 42.5 million rubles. In 2019, the Russian government signed a decree on the creation of an Mendeleev Valley Innovation Scientific and Technological Centre on the territory of the MUCTR Tushino campus. According to the project description, the center is supposed to unite both scientific and business representatives to reduce

8636-415: The consortium includes Viatka State University, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov , Udmurt State University , and other organizations. Since 1905, the Academic Big Choir has been operating at the MUCTR. In the early 1900s, the choir repeatedly invited Sergei Diaghilev to participate in "Russian Seasons" in Paris. As of 2021, the choir includes around 120 people. The choir cooperates with

8763-460: The country. There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus . See also Russian language in Israel . Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in Afghanistan . In Vietnam , Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English. The Russian language

8890-407: The decree issued by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education , the university has the status of a federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education. In the same year the rector of the university Vladimir Kolesnikov was fired because he was unable to comply with the obligation to increase teachers' salaries granted earlier by a decree of the President of Russia . In 2016,

9017-439: The development of COVID-19 vaccine , and since June 2021 they agreed to cooperate to ensure drug safety in Russia. In May 2020, MUCTR and the Russian Federal Environmental Operator (FEO) initiated the creation of a federal scientific and educational consortium "Advanced EcoTechnologies", the task of which is to create an infrastructure for handling I-II class waste and scientific exchange in this industry. Besides MCTUR and FEO,

9144-399: The development of weapons of mass destruction in other countries.". These sanctions would subsequently be lifted in 2010 after the US government recognized that contemporary Russian politics now "aligns with the interests of US foreign policy and security.". Since 2015, the university has had the status of a federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education according to

9271-413: The factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary, and the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of the worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingual, in the context of developing heavy industry,

9398-474: The fields of chemical technology, sustainable development, petrochemistry, biotechnology and other areas. As of 2020, there were approximately 9,000 students enrolled at MUCTR, out of which around 800 hailed from the Commonwealth of Independent States , Myanmar , Iraq , India , China , United States , European Union , and African countries . In 2021 the Ministry of Higher Education included MUCTR in

9525-549: The fields of chemistry and chemical technologies. From 1999 to 2010 MCTI and three other institutes (including the Moscow Aviation Institute , KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, and NIKIET named after N. A. Dollezhal) were under one-sided US sanctions implemented after the backdrop of US-Iranian conflict. US government found the links between these research centers and Russian foreign policy towards Iran , claiming that these are "organizations promoting

9652-456: The final reading amendments that state that all schools and kindergartens in the country are to transition to education in Latvian . From 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only. On 28 September 2023, Latvian deputies approved The National Security Concept, according to which from 1 January 2026, all content created by Latvian public media (including LSM ) should be only in Latvian or

9779-610: The first director of the LPA. According to plans for the project, the complex of buildings included a three-storey "school building" (currently part of the Main building of the Russian Chemical Technical University overlooking Miusskaya Square), a three-storey "house for teachers and servants" (now the children's technopark "Mendeleev Center"), as well as a one-story building for LPU service. In November 1896

9906-631: The generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to

10033-459: The globe. In 2018, under the state program "Industry Development and Increasing its Competitiveness," the university founded the Mendeleev Engineering Center, which now hosts most of its laboratories and scientific equipment. As of 2021, preparations are underway at the Tushino complex to create an innovative scientific and technological center called "Mendeleev Valley". The Mendeleev Valley project

10160-473: The globe. The university cooperates with such leading centers as Royal Society of Chemistry and German Maico-Mannesmann Akademie für Wissenschaft und Bildung. In 1995, under the interinstitutional agreements with UNESCO , the university opened the program "Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development". In 2005, together with the Kurchatov Institute , Uralchem , and Uralkali , they launched

10287-480: The government bureaucracy for the lack of a reliable tool of communication in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs became an obvious practical problem. The earliest attempts at standardizing Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and

10414-506: The institute would be brought back from Kokand and on June 15 of the same year, a new branch of the institute would be opened in the Russian city Dzerzhinsk operating until 1945. After the war in 1949, the Moscow D. Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Technology was granted the use of two building complexes formerly belonging to the Crafts School named after Pavel Shelaputin  [ ru ] on Miusskaya Square. A decade later, in

10541-626: The interests of the nuclear industry. In 2018 MUCTR signed an agreement with the Kazan National Research Technological University on cooperation in the educational sphere. A year later, together with Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , MUCTR launched a joint bachelor's program to train specialists in modern materials science and renewable energy. In 2020, together with the Moscow Innovation Agency, MUCTR launched

10668-422: The metro stations Mendeleyevskaya and Novoslobodskaya . The main building was designed in 1898 by the architect Maxim Geppener for the Moscow Industrial School in an eclectic style of architecture . Initially, it was a three-story building with large windows in the auditoriums, but later two other wings were added. In 1909 the main entrance was decorated with a bas-relief depicting Dmitry Mendeleev. Already in

10795-404: The new program "Priority 2030" aimed at supporting domestic universities. The program launched after the conclusion of a prior education initiative under the title Project 5-100 . As a result of these programs, MUCTR became a part of the second group of universities in "Territorial and/or industry leadership", qualifying MUCTR to receive additional federal sponsorship till the end of 2022. As of

10922-616: The new site for the Moscow Industrial School was allocated on the Miusskaya Square – it was around 4000 square sazhens. On November 18, 1896, the Special Construction Commission for the Construction of Industrial School Buildings was established with the geologist Alexander Krylov as its chairman and Maxim Geppener as the primary architect. On December 30 of the same year, Krylov was appointed

11049-645: The newspaper "Moscow Technologist", the printing press release of which was interrupted with the beginning of the WWII. In 2020, MUCTR, together with the Federal Environmental Operator, launched the project titled Mendeleev Classes to promote the education of high school students. The project operates in Udmurtia , Irkutsk , Kirov , Kurgan and Saratov Oblast . Students could take classes in chemistry, physics and mathematics. Graduates of

11176-524: The northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region . Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between 1949 and 1964. In Kazakhstan , Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of

11303-634: The one in Tushino was also opened in Shelepikha in the 1970s. MCTI was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1940 in accordance with a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . On February 11, 1971, the university would receive another prestigious award in the form of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . MCTI has honorary degrees to outstanding scientists and public figures with

11430-515: The other hand, before the war, almost a quarter of Ukrainians were in favour of granting Russian the status of the state language, while after the beginning of Russia's invasion the support for the idea dropped to just 7%. In peacetime, the idea of raising the status of Russian was traditionally supported by residents of the south and east . But even in these regions, only a third of the respondents were in favour, and after Russia's full-scale invasion , their number dropped by almost half. According to

11557-461: The other three languages in the East Slavic branch. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect , although it vanished during the 15th or 16th century,

11684-436: The paper's coauthor, disavowed prior knowledge of the paper and claimed that the name was used without consent. Podkletnov himself complained that he had never claimed to block gravity, only to have reduced its effect. Podkletnov withdrew his second paper after it had been initially accepted. The resulting uproar over the alleged claims in the withdrawn paper is reported to be the primary reason for his expulsion from his lab and

11811-446: The parliament approved a bill to close up all Russian language schools and kindergartens by the school year. The transition to only Estonian language schools and kindergartens will start in the 2024-2025 school year. In Latvia , Russian is officially considered a foreign language. 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held

11938-453: The peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. This was acknowledged by the noted Russian dialectologist Nikolai Karinsky , who toward the end of his life wrote: "Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or

12065-459: The population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, and understand the spoken language. In October 2023, Kazakhstan drafted a media law aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh language over Russian, the law stipulates that the share of the state language on television and radio should increase from 50% to 70%, at a rate of 5% per year, starting in 2025. In Kyrgyzstan , Russian

12192-418: The population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2019 Belarusian census , out of 9,413,446 inhabitants of the country, 5,094,928 (54.1% of the total population) named Belarusian as their native language, with 61.2% of ethnic Belarusians and 54.5% of ethnic Poles declaring Belarusian as their native language. In everyday life in

12319-432: The practice starting in 1961. Notable awardees of honorary MCTI degrees include Krishnasami Venkataraman , Günter Gruhn  [ de ] , Dennis Meadows , Margaret Thatcher , Eberhard Diepgen , Jacques Cousteau , Samak Sundaravej , Galina Vishnevskaya , Yuri Oganessian , and others. MCTI faculty would also receive recognition such as in 1974, when Valery Sergievsky, Vladislav Nikolaev, Nikolai Kizim (teacher in

12446-468: The primary organization relied upon by CIS member states for training, professional retraining and advanced training of personnel working in the chemical industry. Starting in 2019 MUCTR has also become a member of the Rosatom consortium of flagship universities, a university consortium whose main task is to coordinate science and activities of higher, postgraduate and additional professional education in

12573-486: The professors and staff, and a one-storey campus for the facilities. The ceremonial laying of the foundation stone of the Moscow Industrial School took place on May 23, 1898, and a decree issued by The State Council issued a decree that would imply opening the classes on July 1 of the same year. First, all the classes were held at the Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry with

12700-512: The program receive additional 10 points for the results of the state examination that will be counted upon admission to the university. In 2020, the university opened Russia's first children's chemical technopark "Mendeleev Center", its main audience is from 14 to 18 years old, but there are projects for children from 8 to 13 years old. MUCTR campus on Miusskaya street includes several historical buildings located between 1st Miusskaya street  [ ru ] and Miusskaya Square, not far from

12827-479: The pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/ , /ĭ/ . Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz , and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš' . Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration

12954-472: The proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Indo-European family . It is a descendant of Old East Slavic , a language used in Kievan Rus' , which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid-13th centuries. From the point of view of spoken language , its closest relatives are Ukrainian , Belarusian , and Rusyn ,

13081-491: The respondents), while according to the 2002 census – 142.6 million people (99.2% of the respondents). In Ukraine , Russian is a significant minority language. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 5 September 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed

13208-436: The result that students would only move into a new state-of-the-art campus equipped with all of the newest technologies in 1902 when construction was finally completed. The campus was finally inaugurated on 24 February 1903. During the official opening ceremony, it was declared that the Moscow Industrial School would be named in honor of the 25th anniversary of the reign of the emperor Alexander II of Russia . The first faculty of

13335-513: The school was again renamed the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology (MHTI). With this reorganisation MHTI became the first specialised chemical engineering educational institution in the country. In the early 1930s, the United Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology was created on the basis of MCTI and consisted of five main branches: By 1933, the United Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology had been dissolved as

13462-657: The school were top graduates from Moscow State University , The Imperial Moscow Technical School, as well as retired officers. The first cohort of 27 students graduated in the spring of 1906. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the name of Emperor Alexander II was removed from the title of the School. The following year the Moscow Industrial School would be renamed as the Moscow Chemical Technical College, and later, in 1919, it

13589-679: The survey carried out by RATING in August 2023 in the territory controlled by Ukraine and among the refugees, almost 60% of the polled usually speak Ukrainian at home, about 30% – Ukrainian and Russian, only 9% – Russian. Since March 2022, the use of Russian in everyday life has been noticeably decreasing. For 82% of respondents, Ukrainian is their mother tongue, and for 16%, Russian is their mother tongue. IDPs and refugees living abroad are more likely to use both languages for communication or speak Russian. Nevertheless, more than 70% of IDPs and refugees consider Ukrainian to be their native language. In

13716-459: The syntax of Russian dialects." After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930: The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to

13843-531: The team involved lacked the necessary facilities to construct a large enough disc and the ability to duplicate the means by which the original disc was rotated. Podkletnov counters that the researchers in question have kept quiet "lest they be criticized by the mainstream scientific community ". Podkletnov is reported to have visited the Sheffield team in 2000 and advised them on the conditions necessary to achieve his effect, conditions that they never achieved. In

13970-482: The termination of his employment at the university. In a 1997 telephone interview with Charles Platt, Podkletnov insisted that his gravity-shielding work was reproduced by researchers at universities in Toronto and Sheffield , but none have come forward to acknowledge this. The Sheffield work is known to have only been intended as partial replication, aimed at observing any unusual effects which might be present, since

14097-524: The time between scientific discovery and its practical implementation. Particularly it might help to stipulate import substitution in Russia in the field of chemical industry. There are five main startup trends in the Mendeleev Valley – high tech , chemistry, agrochemistry , agrobiotechnology and biotechnology ; medical and pharmaceutical chemistry; special purpose and high-energy substances. Center has three main clusters which are all curated by

14224-755: The treatment of oncological diseases. In 2017 the university also launched the International Center for Laser Technologies which has been investigating femtosecond laser modification of the structures of optical materials. The center is currently headed by Peter Kazansky a professor from the Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects in the Defense Industry , the center developed an "eternal archive disk" based on nanostructured glass. Distinctive features of this material include its durability, resistance to aggressive environments and potential to store large amounts of information. As of 2020,

14351-786: The two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern , Central (or Middle), and Southern , with Moscow lying in the Central region. The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye ( оканье ). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e⁓i̯ɛ/ in place of Proto-Slavic  * ě and /o⁓u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/ , respectively. Another Northern dialectal morphological feature

14478-399: The university was ranked # 1,955 by US News & World Report . The university offers bachelors, specialists credential , masters and PhD programs in various areas of chemistry, sustainable development , petrochemistry , biotechnology , materials of modern energy and nanotechnology , and several other specialities. The D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

14605-511: The use of the language has some presence in certain areas. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. However, English has replaced Russian as lingua franca in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as their first foreign language. In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). According to

14732-553: The war. Tushino complex is located nearby the metro station Skhodnenskaya . The construction of this nine-storey building started back in 2004. The overall amount of investments in the project amounted to 800 million rubles. MUCTR Tushino complex is one of the largest educational buildings in Russia with a total area of 27 thousand square meters that could accommodate up to 1500 people. The complex consists of three nine-storey wings, which house 57 laboratories, classrooms, and an assembly hall. The opening ceremony took place in 2008 and

14859-761: The world's ninth-most spoken language by total number of speakers . Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station , one of the six official languages of the United Nations , as well as the fourth most widely used language on the Internet . Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has

14986-733: The years the buildings hosted the Department of Life Safety, the Center for the MUCTR History and the Chemical Industry, the Faculty of Military Education. As of 2021, the complex is decommissioned. Student campus is located nearby the metro station Planernaya . The campus includes three dormitory buildings with 758 student apartments, each of which might accommodate up to five people. Russian language Russian

15113-575: The “Megagrant programs”, MCTUR launched the International Laboratory of Functional Materials Based on Glass named after Academician P. D. Sarkisov. The laboratory was initially headed by the Italian scientist Albert Paleari and the head of the Department of Chemical Technology of Glass and Sitalls Vladimir Sigaev. One of the laboratory's key contributions has been the creation of radioactive microspheres that could be potentially used for

15240-528: Was approved by a government decree issued in 2019. On January 9, 1880, the Moscow City Duma approved the founding of several realschule in Moscow. The Duma would later allocate 100 thousand rubles in support of the project for the purchase of land and more than 260 thousand rubles for the construction of buildings. A year later, the Duma issued a decree establishing a new metropolitan institution -

15367-405: Was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 18th century. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. In Nikolaevsk, Alaska , Russian

15494-421: Was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2014 Moldovan census , Russians accounted for 4.1% of Moldova's population, 9.4% of the population declared Russian as their native language, and 14.5% said they usually spoke Russian. According to the 2010 census in Russia , Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of

15621-446: Was given the name of the famous Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev . At that time, the Moscow Chemical Technical College was mostly training practical engineers. However, the school would subsequently undergo a further spate of name changes and reorganisations under the new authorities. On December 22, 1920, the technical school was reorganised to become the D. Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Technology (MCTI) until on February 13, 1923,

15748-666: Was initially supported by the Tula State University and later approved by the Prime Minister of Russia Mikhail Mishustin in January 2021. The launch is scheduled for 2023. MUCTR announced its plans to invest in the research on high-tech chemistry that the university scientists would conduct in the center. Besides MUCTR, the project is supported by the Moscow State University, Rosatom , and

15875-520: Was officiated by Mayor of Moscow Yury Luzhkov . The territory of this complex is used for the Mendeleev Valley Center, the opening of the first facilities which is scheduled for 2021. Central library is located nearby the metro station Baumanskaya . In 2019, more than 850 library units were relocated to the Tushino campus. Shelepikha campus was opened in the 1970s, nearby the metro station Krasnopresnenskaya . Throughout

16002-472: Was suspended as a result of a new program of administrative reforms initiated by Tsar Alexander II of Russia . The implications of these reforms included the reformation of technical education in the Russian Empire while a new special commission of the Ministry of National Education was established to deliberate on the matter of technical education. According to the reports provided by the commission,

16129-402: Was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between

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