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26-660: Pope Urban may refer to one of several popes of the Catholic denomination: Pope Urban I , pope c. 222–230, a Saint Pope Urban II , pope 1088–1099, the Blessed Pope Urban Pope Urban III , pope 1185–1187 Pope Urban IV , pope 1261–1264 Pope Urban V , pope 1362–1370, also the Blessed Pope Urban Pope Urban VI , pope 1378–1389 Pope Urban VII , pope 1590, had

52-608: A staircase in the 4th century. Among the discovered Greek language inscriptions are those associated with: Pope Pontian , Pope Anterus , Pope Fabian , Pope Lucius I , and Pope Eutychian . A more lengthy inscription to Pope Sixtus II by Furius Dionisius Filocalus has also been discovered. Outside the Crypt of the Popes, the region of Saints Gaius and Eusebius is so named for the facing tombs of Pope Gaius ("Caius") and Pope Eusebius (translated from Sicily). In another region, there

78-413: Is a tomb attributed to Pope Cornelius , bearing the inscription " CORNELIVS MARTYR ", also attributed to Filocalus. A plaque placed by Pope Sixtus III (c. 440) lists the following popes: Sixtus II, Dionysius, Cornelius, Felix, Pontianus, Fabianus, Gaius, Eusebius, Melchiades, Stephen, Urban I, Lucius, and Anterus, a list not including any 2nd century tombs. The Crypt of the Popes quickly filled up in

104-516: Is believed to have been created by future Pope Callixtus I , then a deacon of Rome, under the direction of Pope Zephyrinus , enlarging pre-existing early Christian hypogea . Callixtus himself was entombed in the Catacomb of Calepodius on the Aurelian Way . The crypt fell into disuse and decay as the relics it contained were translated from the catacombs to the various churches of Rome ;

130-562: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pope Urban I Pope Urban I , also known as Saint Urban (175?–230) ( Latin : Urbanus I ), was the bishop of Rome from 222 to 23 May 230. He was born in Rome and succeeded Callixtus I , who had been martyred. It was believed for centuries that Urban I was also martyred. However, recent historical discoveries now lead scholars to believe that he died of natural causes. Much of Urban's life

156-559: Is found in various pieces of artwork usually in one of two forms. He is often found sitting wearing the papal tiara , papal robes and holding a sword pointed towards the ground. Otherwise, he may be portrayed wearing papal garb and a bishop's mitre while he holds a Bible and a bunch of grapes . An image of Urban is on a 12th-century fresco at Chalivoy-Milon in the Berry Art Gallery. Other less common depictions of Pope Urban are: Catacomb of Callixtus The Catacomb

182-572: Is said to have maintained the hostile policy of Callixtus when dealing with the schismatic party. Due to the relative freedoms the Christian community had during Severus's reign, the Church in Rome grew, which led to the belief that Urban was a skilled converter. A papal decree concerning the donations of the faithful at Mass is attributed to Pope Urban: The gifts of the faithful that are offered to

208-550: Is shrouded in mystery, leading to many myths and misconceptions. Despite the lack of sources, he is the first pope whose reign can be definitely dated. Two prominent sources exist for Urban's pontificate: Eusebius 's history of the early Church and an inscription in the Coemeterium Callisti that names the Pope. Urban ascended to the papacy in 222, the year of Emperor Elagabalus 's assassination, and served during

234-417: The 4th century, causing other popes to be buried in related catacombs, such as the Catacomb of Priscilla , the Catacomb of Balbina (only Pope Mark ), the Catacomb of Calepodius (only Pope Callixtus I and Pope Julius I ), the Catacomb of Pontian (only Pope Anastasius I and Pope Innocent I , father and son), and the Catacomb of Felicitas (only Pope Boniface I ). In the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of

260-585: The Lord can only be used for ecclesiastical purposes, for the common good of the Christian community, and for the poor; for they are the consecrated gifts of the faithful, the atonement offering of sinners, and the patrimony of the needy. It was believed that Urban was buried in the Coemetarium Praetextati where a tomb was inscribed with his name. However, when excavating the Catacomb of Callixtus Italian archaeologist Giovanni de Rossi uncovered

286-615: The Via Appia Antica, the Via Ardeatina and the Vicolo delle Sette Chiese. The area of the catacomb proper is about fifteen hectares, and it goes down for five levels. A rough estimate puts the length of passageways at about twenty kilometres, and the occupancy at about half a million bodies. This catacomb's most ancient parts are the crypt of Lucina , the region of the Popes and the region of Saint Cecilia , where some of

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312-520: The bust of the Redeemer and Pope Urban I . A short distance away, an arcade dating to the end of the 2nd century gives access to the cubicula of the sacraments, with their frescoes from the first half of the 3rd century hinting at baptism , the Eucharist and the resurrection of the flesh; in the region of Saint Militiades next door, a child's sarcophagus has a front sculpted with biblical episodes. In

338-536: The factual nature of. The legendary Acts of St. Cecilia and the Liber Pontificalis contain information on Urban although their reliability is doubtful. Chaucer made him a character in " The Second Nun's Tale " of The Canterbury Tales . A story that was once included in the Catholic Church's Breviary states that Urban had many converts among whom were Tiburtius and his brother Valerianus,

364-475: The final resurrection. In a region further from there, the so-called "Crypt of Lucina", is the burial of Pope Cornelius , whose tomb still has its original inscription giving him the title of martyr and, on its sides, splendid paintings with figures in 7th and 8th century Byzantine style representing popes Sixtus II and Cornelius and the African bishops Cyprian and Ottatus . In a nearby cubiculum are some of

390-722: The final wave of translations from the crypt occurred under Pope Sergius II in the 9th century, primarily to San Silvestro in Capite , which unlike the Catacomb was within the Aurelian Walls . The Catacomb and Crypt were rediscovered in 1854 by the pioneering Italian archaeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi . The catacomb forms part of an ancient funerary complex, the Complesso Callistiano , that occupies thirty hectares. The boundaries of this are taken as being

416-429: The husband of Cecilia . Tradition credits Urban with the miracle of toppling an idol through prayer. This event is believed to have led to Urban being beaten and tortured before being sentenced to death by beheading. A further belief, now known as an invention from the 6th century, was that Urban had ordered the making of silver liturgical vessels and the patens for twenty-five titular churches of his own time. Urban

442-689: The lid of a sarcophagus which suggested that Urban was in fact buried there. De Rossi also found a list of martyrs and confessors who were buried at St. Callistus's, which contained Urban's name. De Rossi therefore concluded that the Urban buried in the Coemetarium Praetextati was another bishop and Pope Urban was located in Catacomb of St. Callistus. While many historians accept this opinion, doubt remains since Pope Sixtus III 's list of saints buried in St. Callistus's Catacomb does not include Urban in

468-468: The most ancient burials, after AD 175, with Roman frescoes of (on the ceiling) the Good Shepherd and orantes and (on the far wall) two fish with a basket of loaves behind it, a symbol of the Eucharist. At its peak, the 15-hectare (37-acre) site would have held the remains of 16 popes and 50 martyrs. Nine of those popes were buried in the Crypt of the Popes itself, to which Pope Damasus I built

494-564: The most sacred memories of the place are preserved (including the crypt of the Popes, the crypt of Saint Cecilia, and the crypt of the Sacraments); the other regions are named the region of Saint Gaius and the region of Saint Eusebius (end of the 3rd century), West region (built in the first half of the 4th century) and the Liberian region (second half of the 4th century), all showing grandiose underground architecture. A modern staircase, on

520-526: The region of Saints Gaius and Eusebius are some crypts set apart, opposite each other, with the tombs of Pope Gaius (with an inscription) and Pope Eusebius , who died in Sicily where he had been exiled by Maxentius and whose body was translated to Rome during the pontificate of Militiades ; on a marble copy of the end of the 4th century (of which fragments may be seen on the opposite wall) may be read of an inscription by Damasus which highlights Eusebius' role in

546-527: The reign of Alexander Severus . It is believed that Urban's pontificate took place during a peaceful time for Christians in the Empire since Severus did not promote the persecution of Christianity. It is believed that the schismatic Hippolytus was still leading a rival Christian congregation in Rome and that he published the Philosophumena , an attack on Urban's predecessor, Callixtus I . Urban

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572-449: The resolution of schism in the early church, particularly as it related to the acceptance of apostates. Along "passage O" north of the Crypt of the Popes are, in succession, the crypt of the martyrs Calogerus and Parthenius and the double cubiculum of Severus, which contains a rhythmic inscription (dated to no later than 304) in which a bishop of Rome (at that time Marcellinus ) is first called pope and first openly professes belief in

598-532: The shortest recognized papal reign Pope Urban VIII , pope 1623–1644 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pope Urban . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Urban&oldid=988961532 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Papal names Hidden categories: Short description

624-416: The site of an ancient one, was built by Pope Damasus I , giving access to the region of the Popes, in which is to be found the Crypt of the Popes, where nine pontiffs and, perhaps, eight representatives of the ecclesiastical hierarchy had been buried – along its walls are the original Greek inscriptions for the pontiffs Pontian , Anterus , Fabian , Lucius I and Eutychian . In the far wall Pope Sixtus II

650-876: The succession of popes but rather in a list of foreign bishops. Therefore, it is possible that Pope Urban is indeed buried in the Coemetarium Praetextati. Urban is a saint of the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . A relic from his body is located in Hungary in the Monok Roman Catholic Church. In 1773, Pope Clement XIV donated it to the Andrássy family. As no contemporary accounts of Urban's pontificate exist there have been many legends and acts attributed to him which are fictitious or difficult to ascertain

676-416: Was also buried, after he was killed during the persecution of Valerian ; in front of his tomb Pope Damasus had carved an inscription in poetic metre in characters thought up by the calligrapher Furius Dionysius Filocalus . In the adjoining crypt is the grave of Saint Cecilia , whose relics were removed by Pope Paschal I in 821: the early 9th-century frescoes on the walls represent Saint Cecilia praying,

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