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52-727: Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal , a major component of the Port of New York and New Jersey , is the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York metropolitan area and the northeastern quadrant of North America . Located on Newark Bay , the facility is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . Its two components, Port Newark and the Elizabeth Marine Terminal (sometimes called Port Elizabeth) sit side by side within

104-512: A 2005 New York Times article. In 2011, PANYNJ restructured the lease of a major tenant, Port Newark Container Terminal (PNCT), whose owner had been subject of the Dubai Ports World controversy . The agreement calls for a 20-year extension of PNCT's existing lease through 2050, subject to PNCT's investment of $ 500 million and an expansion from 180 acres (73 ha) to about 287 acres (116 ha) to accommodate additional volume. It

156-449: A steep decline in such areas as Manhattan , Hoboken , and Brooklyn . The automated nature of the facility requires far fewer workers and does not require the opening of containers before onward shipping. In 2000, a Congressional study deemed the port and other transportation, communications, oil, and chemical facilities along a 2 miles (3.2 km) stretch of New Jersey "the nation's most enticing environment for terrorists", according to

208-581: A year is projected. The Port Inland Distribution Network involves new or expanded transportation systems for redistribution by barge and rail for the shipped goods and containers that are delivered at area ports in an effort to curtail the use of trucks and their burden on the environment, traffic, and highway systems. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), and Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), are involved in initiatives to review and develop this network. To instantiate PIDN,

260-483: A year. The authority's board authorized $ 118.1 million for the project. The National Docks Secondary rail line is being upgraded in anticipation of expanded volumes. In September 2014, the PANYNJ announced a $ 356 million capital project to upgrade and expand the facility, including Roll-on/roll-off operations. Expected to be operational about July 2016, an initial capacity of at least 125,000 cargo container lifts

312-501: Is a major economic engine for the region. The region's airports make the port the nation's top gateway for international flights and its busiest center for overall passenger and air freight flights. There are two foreign-trade zones (FTZ) within the port. Encompassing an area within an approximate 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the port district comprises all or part of seventeen counties in

364-550: Is about 17 feet (5 m), but it was deepened over the years, to a controlling depth of about 24 feet (7 m) in 1880. By 1891, the Main Ship Channel was minimally 30 feet (9 m) deep. Following the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 over $ 1.2 million of initial funding was appropriated for the dredging of 40 ft (12.2 m)-deep channels at Bay Ridge , Red Hook , and Sandy Hook . In 1914, Ambrose Channel became

416-531: Is expected to generate an annual increase in container volume from Mediterranean Shipping Company , the world's second-largest shipping company, from 414,000 to 1.1 million containers by 2030. Various planned steps to accommodate this growth include deepening the Kill van Kull, raising the Bayonne Bridge, and expanding rail freight facilities. Highstar Capital, the owner of PNCT's parent company Ports America

468-405: Is responsible for bulkhead and channel maintenance. The United States Coast Guard deals with issues such as floatable debris , spills, vessel rescues, and counter-terrorism. Both states, and some municipal governments (New York City, in particular), maintain maritime police units . The United States Park Police monitors federal properties. The National Park Service oversees some of

520-592: Is shopping the company. In 2017, a Turkish company seeks to buy Ports America. In July 2023, an Italian-flagged ship owned by the Grimaldi Group carrying close to 1,200 vehicles for export caught fire, resulting in the death of two Newark Fire Department firefighters. Other seaport terminals of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey include: 40°40′54″N 74°09′02″W  /  40.68155°N 74.1505°W  / 40.68155; -74.1505 Port of New York and New Jersey It includes

572-529: The Arthur Kill . The port facility consists of two main dredged slips and multiple loading cranes. Shipping containers are arrayed in large stacks visible from the New Jersey Turnpike before being loaded onto rail cars and trucks. Since 1998, the port has seen a 65% increase in traffic. In 2006, it handled more than 20% of all US imports from Germany, more than any other US port. In 2009,

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624-630: The Bayonne Bridge has been raised from 155 feet (47.2 m) to 215 feet (65.5 m). The Sandy Hook Pilots are licensed maritime pilots that go aboard oceangoing vessels, passenger liners , freighters , and tankers and are responsible for the navigation of larger ships through port district. The estuary was originally the territory of the Lenape , a seasonally migrational people who would relocate summer encampments along its shore and use its waterways for transport and fishing. Many of

676-785: The Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) on the Chemical Coast Secondary connect to the East Coast rail freight network carriers Norfolk Southern (NS), CSX Transportation (CSX), and Canadian Pacific (CP). The network is partially financed by a surcharge on all containers passing through the port by train or truck. While most consumer goods are transported in containers , other commodities such as petroleum and scrap metal are handled at facilities for marine transfer operations , bulk cargo , and break bulk cargo throughout

728-531: The Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne , indicating that additional container port facilities would be created. The agency is expected to develop a terminal capable of handling the larger container ships to be in service once the new, wider Panama Canal opens in 2014, some of which would not have passed under the original Bayonne Bridge at the Kill van Kull . A project to raise to the roadway of

780-731: The New York Tunnel Extension under the Hudson Palisades , Hudson River , Manhattan , and East River due to electrified lines and lack of ventilation . Overland travel crosses the Hudson River 140 miles (225 km) to the north using a right of way known as the Selkirk hurdle . The Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel is a proposed rail tunnel under the Upper Bay . The western portal would be located at

832-725: The Passaic River and Hackensack River , and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill. The Gowanus Canal and Buttermilk Channel are entered from the east. The East River is a broad strait that travels north to Newtown Creek and the Harlem River , turning east at Hell Gate before opening to Long Island Sound , which provides an outlet to the open sea. The port consists of a complex of approximately 240 miles (386 km) of shipping channels , as well as anchorages and port facilities. Most vessels require pilotage , and larger vessels require tugboat assistance for

884-463: The Port of Los Angeles reclaiming its position as the nation's busiest. ExpressRail is the rail network supporting intermodal freight transport at the major container terminals of the port. The development of dockside trackage and railyards for transloading has been overseen by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey which works in partnership other public and private stakeholders . Various switching and terminal railroads , including

936-670: The Teamsters , and the International Longshoremen's Association assist and represent some of the port's mariners and dockworkers . The airports in the Port of New York and New Jersey combine to create the largest airport system in the United States, the second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and the first in the world in terms of total flight operations. JFK air freight cargo operations make it

988-1038: The Upper Bay between the Greenville Yard in Jersey City and the 65th Street Yard and the Bush Terminal Yard in Brooklyn . At the Greenville end, CSX Transportation operates through Conrail's North Jersey Shared Assets Area along the National Docks Secondary . At Brooklyn , end connections are made to the New York and Atlantic Railway 's Bay Ridge Branch and the South Brooklyn Railway . The 2.5-mile (4.0 km) crossing takes approximately 45 minutes. The equivalent truck trip would be 35 to 50 miles (80 km) long. Freight rail has never used

1040-569: The prototype , opened in 1962. Expanded intermodal freight transport systems and the Interstate Highway System effected a shift to new terminals at Newark Bay . Since the 1980s, sections of waterfront in the traditional harbor have been being redeveloped to include public access to the water's edge, with the creation of linear park greenways such as Hudson River Park , Hudson River Waterfront Walkway , and Brooklyn Bridge Park . The CMA CGM Theodore Roosevelt ,

1092-575: The tidal salt marshes supported vast oyster banks that remained a major source of food for the region until the end of the 19th century, by which time contamination and landfilling had obliterated most of them. The first recorded European visit was that of Giovanni da Verrazzano , who anchored in The Narrows in 1524. For the next hundred years, the region was visited sporadically by ships on fishing trips and slave raids . European colonization began after Henry Hudson 's 1609 exploration of

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1144-597: The vehicular crossings and the rapid transit system between New York and New Jersey , several of the region's airports, and other transportation and real estate development projects. The Port Authority maintains its own police force , as does the Waterfront Commission , created in 1953 to investigate, prosecute, and prevent criminal activity. The United States Army Corps of Engineers , which has been involved in harbor maintenance since about 1826, when Congress passed an omnibus rivers and harbors act,

1196-585: The Greenville Yard, while the eastern portal is undetermined and a source of controversy. In May 2010, the Port Authority announced that it would purchase the Greenville Yard and build a new barge-to-rail facility there, as well as improve the existing railcar float system. The barge-to-rail facility is expected to handle an estimated 60,000 to 90,000 containers of solid waste per year from New York City, eliminating up to 360,000 trash truck trips

1248-522: The PANYNJ, provides dockside transloading operations at both Port Elizabeth (operated by Millennium Marine Rail ) and Port Newark. Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) is the terminal railroad connecting to the Chemical Coast for CSX Transportation (CSX) and Norfolk Southern (NS). The auto-processing facilities at the north end of Port Newark and the adjacent Doremus Ave. Auto Terminal are served by dockside trackage. Oak Island Yard ,

1300-593: The basis of Port Newark. Work on the channel and terminal facilities on its north side accelerated during World War I , when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war, nearly 25,000 troops were stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was formed in 1921, and the Newark Bay Channels were authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Acts in 1922. Shipping operations languished after

1352-678: The bridge within the existing arch was completed in May, 2019. The terminal's combined volume makes it the largest on the East Coast , the third busiest in the United States , Handling a cargo volume in year 2023 of over 7.8 million TEUs , benefitting post-Panamax from the expansion of the Panama Canal . As of 2023, the terminals experienced a more severe reduction in cargo volume compared to California seaports, resulting in

1404-527: The busiest in the US. FedEx Express , the world's busiest cargo airline , uses Newark Liberty International Airport as its regional hub. There are four container terminals in the port: Terminals are leased to different port operators , such as A. P. Moller-Maersk Group , American Stevedoring, NYCT, and Global Marine Terminal. In June 2010, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed to purchase from Bayonne 128 acres (0.52 km ) of land at

1456-594: The channel to nearly 100 feet (30 m), was begun in April 2012. The Army Corps has recommended that most channels in the port be maintained at 50 feet deep. Dredging of the canals to 50 feet was completed in August 2016. The channels also include bridges that limit the heights of vessels that can use the harbor. The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge has a clearance of 228 feet (69.5 m) at mean high water. The Brooklyn Bridge has 135 feet (41.1 m) of clearance, while

1508-609: The cities of Newark and Elizabeth , New Jersey , just east of the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Liberty International Airport . As of 2004, the facility was the largest on the U.S. East Coast and the second-largest in the country. Container goods typically arrive on container ships through The Narrows and the Kill Van Kull before entering Newark Bay, a shallow body of water that has been dredged to accommodate large ships. Some ships enter Newark Bay via

1560-622: The construction of major highways such as the Belt Parkway , East River Drive , and Major Deegan Expressway along parts of the shoreline. After the end of World War I , the 1919 New York City Harbor Strike shut down the port for weeks. The era of the longshoreman , captured in the classic film On the Waterfront , faded by the 1970s as much of the waterfront became obsolete due to changing transportation patterns. The nation's first facility for container shipping , which became

1612-493: The district. New York Harbor is one of the world's largest natural harbors . The Atlantic Ocean is to the southeast of the port. The sea at the entrance to the port is called the New York Bight ; it lies between the peninsulas of Sandy Hook and Rockaway . In Lower New York Bay and its western arm, Raritan Bay , vessels orient themselves for passage to the west into Arthur Kill or Raritan River or to

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1664-472: The first container ship, made her maiden voyage as a container carrier on April 26, 1956, carrying 58 containers from Port Newark to the Port of Houston . SeaLand expanded its operations into the newly developed container terminal. In 1958, the port authority dredged another shipping channel, which straightened the course of Bound Brook, the tidal inlet forming the boundary between Newark and Elizabeth. Dredged materials were used to create new upland south of

1716-534: The harbor for the duration of American Revolutionary War , and prison ships housed thousands at Wallabout Bay . In the early 19th century, the Erie Canal (often used for grain ) and Morris Canal (mostly used for anthracite ) gave the port access to the American interior, leading to transshipment operations, manufacturing, and industrialization . The invention of the steam engine led to expansion of

1768-451: The largest ship to call at an East Coast port , passed under the raised Bayonne Bridge in July 2017. Responsibilities within the port are divided among all levels of government, from municipal to federal, as well as public and private agencies. Established in 1921, the bi-state Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , in addition to overseeing maritime facilities, is responsible for

1820-488: The main entrance to the port, at 40 feet (12 m) deep and 2,000 feet (600 m) wide. During World War II the main channel was dredged to 45 feet (14 m) deep to accommodate larger ships up to Panamax size. In 2016, the Army Corps of Engineers completed a $ 2.1 billion dredging project, deepening harbor channels to 50 feet (15 m) in order to accommodate Post-Panamax container vessels, which can pass through

1872-487: The major classification yard in the region, is just north of the port. NS operates an ExpressRail yard south of the port next to Jersey Gardens . The western edge of Newark Bay was originally the Newark Meadows, shallow tidal wetlands covering about 12 square miles (31 km). In the 1910s, the city of Newark began excavating an angled shipping channel in the northeastern quadrant of the wetland. This became

1924-453: The major port operators at Port Newark–Elizabeth included Maher Terminals, APM Terminals (part of A. P. Moller-Maersk ), and Port Newark Container Terminal (owned by Ports America Inc.). The port received new cranes in May 2014. The height of ships serving the port is limited by the Bayonne Bridge over Kill Van Kull. This limitation grew more serious with the Panama Canal's 2016 expansion that enabled bigger, New Panamax ships to reach

1976-774: The nation, established in 1937, on the New York side of the port; and FTZ 49, on the New Jersey side. In March 2006, some of the passenger facilities management was to be transferred to Dubai Ports World . There was considerable controversy over security and ownership by a foreign corporation, particularly one of Arab origin, of a U.S. port operation, despite the fact that the operator was British-based P&O Ports . DP World later sold P&O's American operations to American International Group 's asset management division, Global Investment Group, for an undisclosed sum. The Seamen's Church Institute of New York and New Jersey ,

2028-560: The new Elizabeth Channel, where the port authority constructed the Elizabeth Marine Terminal. The first shipping facility to open on the Elizabeth Channel was the new 90-acre (36 ha) Sea-Land Container Terminal , which was the prototype for virtually every container terminal constructed thereafter. This new port facility antiquated most of the traditional waterfront port facilities in New York Harbor , leading to

2080-605: The north to The Narrows . To the east lies the Rockaway Inlet , which leads to Jamaica Bay . The Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River , which is sometimes (particularly in navigation) called the North River . Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer . To the west lies Kill van Kull , the strait leading to Newark Bay , fed by

2132-542: The port from Asia. In 2012, the Port Authority announced plans to raise the Bayonne Bridge's roadway to 215 feet (66 m) over the water, at a cost of around $ 1.7 billion. The increased navigational clearance was achieved in June 2017, and the overall bridge project was completed in 2019. Other improvements are expected to cost additional billions of dollars, including larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves. ExpressRail , an initiative of

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2184-437: The port, many along its straits and canals . At some locations, water pollution has led to inclusion on the list of Superfund sites in the United States . At one time, nearly 600,000 railcars were transferred annually by barge between the region's extensive rail facilities. Today, approximately 1,600 cars are "floated" on the remaining car float in the port. The New York New Jersey Rail, LLC transfers freight cars across

2236-455: The railroads and vast terminals along the western banks of the Hudson River , complemented by an extensive network of ferries and carfloats , with a large cluster along the Harlem River . The era of the ocean liner around the turn of the 20th century led to the creation of berths at North River piers and Hoboken . This coincided with the immigration of millions, processed at Castle Clinton and later at Ellis Island , some staying in

2288-619: The region with the establishment of New Amsterdam , the capital of the Dutch province of New Netherland at the tip of Manhattan . The British colonial era saw a concerted effort to expand the port in the triangular trade between Europe , Africa , and North America with a concentration of wharves along the mouth of the East River . After the Battle of Brooklyn , the British controlled

2340-407: The region's historic sites , nature reserves , and parks . The port is a port of entry . The United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) regulate international imports and passenger arrivals. The "green lane" program, in which trusted shippers have fewer containers inspected. There are two foreign trade zones in the port: FTZ 1, the first in

2392-619: The region, others boarding barges, ships, and trains to points across the United States . In 1910, the port was the busiest in the world. During the World Wars the waterfront supported shipyards and military installations such as the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company and the Brooklyn Navy Yard and played an important role in troop transport as a Port of Embarkation . The mid-century also saw

2444-487: The region. The nine that are completely within the district are Hudson , Bergen , Essex , Union (in New Jersey), and the five boroughs of New York City, which are coterminous with the counties of New York , Bronx , Kings , Queens , and Richmond . Abutting sections of Passaic , Middlesex , Monmouth , Morris , and Somerset in New Jersey, and Nassau , Westchester , and Rockland in New York are also within

2496-653: The sandy bottom has been excavated down to rock and now requires blasting. Dredging equipment then picks up the rock and disposes of it. At one point in 2005, there were 70 pieces of dredging equipment working to deepen channels, the largest fleet of dredging equipment anywhere in the world. The channel of the Hudson is the Anchorage Channel and is approximately 50 feet deep in the midpoint of Upper Bay. A project to replace two water mains between Brooklyn and Staten Island, which will eventually allowing for dredging of

2548-1049: The sharper channel turns. The Ambrose leads from the sea to the Upper Bay, where it becomes the Anchorage Channel. Connecting channels are the Bay Ridge, the Red Hook, the Buttermilk, the Claremont, the Port Jersey, the Kill Van Kull, the Newark Bay, the Port Newark, the Elizabeth, and the Arthur Kill. Anchorages are known as Stapleton, Bay Ridge and Gravesend. The natural depth of the harbor

2600-500: The system of navigable waterways in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary , which runs along over 770 miles (1,240 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey , and is considered one of the largest natural harbors in the world. Having long been the busiest port on the East Coast it became the busiest port by maritime cargo volume in the United States in 2022 and

2652-430: The war, and in 1927, the city of Newark started construction of Newark Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport ) on the northwestern quadrant of the wetlands that lay between Port Newark and the edge of the developed city. The port authority took over the operations of Port Newark and Newark Airport in 1948 and began modernizing both facilities and expanding them southward. The SS Ideal X , considered

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2704-635: The widened Panama Canal as well as the Suez Canal . This has been a source of environmental concern along channels connecting the container facilities in Port Newark to the Atlantic. PCBs and other pollutants lay in a blanket just underneath the soil. In June 2009 it was announced that 200,000 cubic yards of dredged PCBs would be "cleaned" and stored en masse at the site of the former Yankee Stadium and at Brooklyn Bridge Park. In many areas

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