Painan is a coastal town that serves as the capital of the South Pesisir regency of West Sumatra , Indonesia . It is an urban centre ( kelurahan ) in IV Jurai District.
68-547: There is no certain historical document or archive that holds the origin of the town's name. According to the local folklore, the name 'Painan' originated from paik nian , which means "very bitter" in Bahasa Minangkabau , the language of the Minangkabau people who live in the area. The phrase paik nian itself might refer to how difficult the life of the town's local people was in the past. It might also reflect
136-765: A member of the Asahan royal family, was selected as head of state for the NST. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, western-educated aristocrats saw it as a bastion for their own ethnic interests. Following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in late 1949, the Dutch withdrew military support for the State of East Sumatra and its local authority began to collapse. The short-lived state
204-494: A river). The dialects are Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, and Karanganyar. In everyday communication between Minangkabau people of different regions, the Agam-Tanah Datar dialect ( Baso Padang or Baso Urang Awak 'our [people's] language') is often used and has become a kind of standard. The Tapan language , spoken in
272-633: A subsequent Dutch victory. Meanwhile, particularly after 1869, Dutch tobacco plantation activities expanded on the east coast, including the estab;ishment of Deli Maatschappij and London Sumatra , using land leased from the Malay sultans. As there was a worker shortage, the Dutch began importing labourers from Java , Southern China and Southern India . This first big wave of migration established substantial Javanese , Chinese , and Indian populations in North Sumatra that remain to this day. By 1874,
340-587: A worldwide decrease in temperatures between 3 and 5 °C (5.4 and 9.0 °F), and up to 15 °C (27 °F) in higher latitudes. Additional studies in Lake Malawi in East Africa show significant amounts of ash deposited by the Toba Caldera eruptions, despite a great distance from the area, but these studies offer little indication of a significant climatic effect in East Africa. According to
408-862: Is also spoken in Malaysia, by some descendants of migrants from the Minang-speaking region in Sumatra ( Ranah Minang , Tanah Minang , or Land of the Minang). Significant numbers of the early migrants settled in what is now the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan ; this Negeri Sembilan Malay , known as Bahaso Nogori / Baso Nogoghi , is now a distinct language, more closely related to Malay than to Minangkabau. More recent immigrants are known as Minang . The Minangkabau language has several dialects, sometimes differing between nearby villages (e.g. separated by
476-525: Is also the third-largest province in area on the island of Sumatra behind South Sumatra and Riau . Major ethnic groups include the Malay , native to the east coast; several Batak groups, indigenous to the west coast and central highlands; the Nias people of Nias Island and its surrounding islets; and Chinese , Javanese , and Indian peoples, who first migrated to Sumatra during Dutch rule . North Sumatra
544-407: Is an Austronesian language spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra , the western part of Riau , South Aceh Regency , the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi , also in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau. The language is also a lingua franca along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra , and is even used in parts of Aceh , where the language
612-620: Is bordered by Aceh on the northwest and Riau and West Sumatra on the southeast, by coastlines located on the Indian Ocean to the west, and by the Strait of Malacca (with a maritime border with Malaysia ) to the east. With a 2020 population around 14.8 million and mid-2023 estimate around 15.4 million, North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province and the most populous province outside of Java Island . At 72,460.74 square kilometres (27,977.25 sq mi), North Sumatra
680-401: Is called Aneuk Jamee . Minangkabau is similar to Malay . The relationship between the languages is characterized in different ways. Some see Minangkabau as an early variety of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a distinct ( Malayic ) language. Minangkabau is one of a few languages that generally lacks verb forms and grammatical subject-object distinctions. Although Minangkabau
748-553: Is divided into 3 administrative villages or kelurahan : Painan has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round. These are several tourist attractions in Painan ;: 1°21′4″S 100°34′32″E / 1.35111°S 100.57556°E / -1.35111; 100.57556 Bahasa Minangkabau Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Baso Minangkabau , Jawi script : بهاس منڠكربو ; Indonesian : Bahasa Minangkabau )
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#1732766134258816-554: Is home to the Toba Supervolcano , located in what is now Lake Toba , which erupted 74,000–75,000 years ago , wiping out nearly all of humanity. The supereruption resulted in the creation of Lake Toba and was rated a VEI-8 eruption . During Dutch rule, North Sumatra was administered under the Gouvernement van Sumatra , which governed the entire island of Sumatra out of Medan. In 1948, after Indonesian independence
884-433: Is located in the city of Medan , governed by a governor . Earlier governments ruled all of Sumatra (1945-1950); and a North Sumatra Province that included Aceh (1950-1956). In 1956, Aceh split off to form a separate Aceh Province. North Sumatra is currently subdivided into 25 regencies ( kabupaten ) and 8 autonomous cities (formerly municipalities). When originally created as a province with its current boundaries, it
952-563: Is located on a high plateau that runs along the Bukit Barisan mountains, from central North Sumatra to the western coast. The tallest mountain in the province is Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency , at elevation around 2,460 metres (8,070 ft), the most active volcano in the region. Volcanic activities (cracks where steam, gas, and lava are emitted) were observed at the summit in 1912; recent documented events include an eruption in
1020-558: Is predominantly inhabited by other Batak groups ( Toba , Simalungun and Karo ). The Nias people are indigenous to Nias Island and its surrounding islets. With the opening of tobacco plantations in East Sumatra during the colonial era, the colonial government employed many contract labourers for plantations, they were mainly Chinese, Javanese and Indian migrants, who were majority does not returned after end contract and decided to stay in North Sumatra. The rapid urbanisation in
1088-646: Is still commonly spoken amongst the Minangkabau people, education specific to the culture in urbanizing locations is slowly being erased as it is deemed less and less important in West Sumatra. The Minangkabau language is deemed as "informal" in the urban regions of Padang , with the Indonesian language being preferred instead in formal institutions. Youth in the city will frequently use a mixture of conversational Minang and Indonesian slang . Minangkabau
1156-441: Is the native language of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra . There are approximately 5.5 million speakers of the language. It is also spoken in the western part of Riau , South Aceh Regency , the northern part of Bengkulu and Jambi . Along the western coastal region of North Sumatra , the language is also a lingua franca . The language is used and called Aneuk Jamee in parts of Aceh . Besides Indonesia, Minangkabau
1224-399: Is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, estimated at VEI 8, that formed a climate-changing event. Recent advances in dating methods suggest more precise dating at 74,000 years ago. It is the largest-known explosive eruption on Earth in the last 25 million years. It has been accepted that the eruption of the Toba Caldera led to a volcanic winter with
1292-663: The Batu Islands . There are 419 islands in North Sumatra. The outer islands include the island of Simuk (the most westerly of the Batu Islands) and the island of Berhala in the Strait of Malacca. The Nias archipelago, located off the coast of western Sumatra in the Indian Ocean, consists of Nias Island and other much smaller islands in its vicinity. Its administrative centre is located at the city of Gunungsitoli on
1360-761: The Dutch East India Company (the VOC) in 1641. Coastal areas of North Sumatra felt economic impacts as the VOC subsequently reduced the presence of trade in Malacca and shifted resources towards Batavia . Still, North Sumatra also saw an increase in Arab, Chinese and Indian traders. After Britain gained a position on the nearby island of Penang , the British traded heavily with the east coast of Sumatra. Prior to
1428-589: The Mesolithic era (Middle Stone Age). They spread to the eastern part of Indonesia to the island of Papua , and to the west to North Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula . Early peoples in North Sumatra consumed mostly snails and clams, leaving large shell deposits sometimes referred to as kjokkenmoddinger (kitchen waste), some of which are still found as hills in Saentis, Hinai, Tanjung Beringin, along
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#17327661342581496-677: The Nias people also came from the Austronesian peoples , though their initial ancestors may have arrived earlier: ancestors of the Nias people are thought to have come from Taiwan through the Philippines 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. Ten years of research involving blood samples of 440 Nias people in 11 villages on Nias island show similarities between their Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA and that of Taiwanese and Filipino peoples . The eastern coastal area of North Sumatra, located on
1564-578: The People's Representative Council . Each of the three districts elects 10 members to the People's Representative Council (for a total of 30 members from the province). North Sumatra recorded a population of 12,985,075 in the 2010 national census, making the 4th most populous province in Indonesia, with a sex ratio of 99.59 men per 100 women. The 2015 Intermediate census gave a total of 13,923,262, while
1632-513: The State of East Sumatra ( Indonesian : Negara Sumatra Timur (NST) ) as part of the planned United States of Indonesia . The state lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. In addition to the Dutch, the NST state was supported by Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains, and Chinese groups who felt that the revolution threatened their interests. Dr Tengku Mansu,
1700-605: The Toba catastrophe theory , the eruption killed most humans living at that time and is believed to have created a population bottleneck in central East Africa and India, affecting the human genome to the present day. More recent studies have cast doubt on this theory and found no evidence of substantial changes in population. In North Sumatra, there are currently two national parks: the Gunung Leuser National Park and Batang Gadis National Park . According to
1768-690: The city of Gunungsitoli , were split off from the remainder of Nias Regency. Notes: (a) UU is an abbreviation from Undang-Undang (the Indonesia statute of law). (b) South Nias Regency includes the Batu Islands . The region include 124 smaller offshore islands - 87 in South Nias Regency (primarily the Batu Islands), 11 in West Nias Regency, 19 in North Nias Regency and 7 in Nias Regency. This region comprises
1836-698: The "Perjanjian Painan" or 'Painan Treaty'. Through the treaty, the local chiefs of the West Coast of Sumatra were also bound to supply pepper and gold to the Dutch. Nowadays, as the capital of the South Pesisir regency, this town is the center of economic activities in the regency. According to the regency's website, this town's main economic activities lie in farming , fishery , and tourism . Painan has 4 Kindergartens and 2 Play Groups. It also has 9 Primary schools, 2 Junior High schools, 1 Senior High school, 1 Public High school and 1 University. Painan
1904-538: The 15th century, also refers to the "Kingdom of Bata" between Pasai and the Aru kingdom. The Batak mainly practiced animism and cannibalism and remained isolated from foreign culture and kingdoms like Srivijaya and Majapahit. The Toba people divided the Batak Lands into several independent kingdoms, which often entered into defensive alliances. Of the many kingdoms, Bakkara and their king or Sisingamangaraja held
1972-529: The 2020 census gave a total of 14,799,361, and the official estimate for mid-2023 was 15,386,640. The mid-2023 total comprised 7,721,314 males and 7,665,326 females, giving a sex ratio of 100.73 men per 100 women. It was reported in January 2024 that a group of 140 Rohingya people, consisting mostly of women and children had landed in Indonesia and been directed by the military to the North Sumatra region. This has been one of several groups that have arrived in
2040-564: The Deli-Langkat shore, and on river banks. In the second wave of migration from mainland Southeast Asia c. 1000 BC , the Young Malays or Deutero Malays settled on the coast. They mainly lived by fishing and by cultivating the marshy land for agriculture. Their villages were scattered along the big rivers that flow to the east coast of North Sumatra such as Besitang, Wampu , Asahan , and Barumun . Larger villages grew at
2108-555: The Japanese occupation officially ended with Japan's surrender in the Pacific and two days later Sukarno declared Indonesian Independence , beginning the four-year Indonesian War of Independence against the Dutch. Beginning on 3 March 1946, there was a social revolution in East Sumatra . Across 25 "native states", many sultanates were overthrown. Armed pergerakan groups (Indonesian nationalists) conducted mass killings of
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2176-485: The Ministerial Decree No. 44 of 2005, forest area in North Sumatra today covers 3,742,120 hectares (9,247,000 acres), consisting of a 477,070-hectare (ha) Natural Reserve Area/Natural Conservation Area, 1,297,330 ha of protected forest, 879,270 ha of limited production forest, 1,035,690 ha of permanent production forest, and 52,7600 ha of production forest that can be converted to another status. However,
2244-475: The People's Representative Council ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) to create three new provinces from parts of the present North Sumatra: Nias Islands, Tapanuli, and East Sumatra; however since 2013 the Indonesian Government have maintained a moratorium on the intended creation of new provinces, regencies and cities. The present regencies and cities are grouped for convenience below according to
2312-642: The UK maintained a presence in several places that were considered important for trade, including parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan. During the Padri War , in the years prior to 1860, Dutch forces arrived in South Tapanuki at the request of a local leader to provide protection. The Siak sultan subsequently signed a treaty with the Dutch East Indies government recognizing Dutch authority over it and
2380-499: The anniversary of North Sumatra Province. Act R.I. No. 24 of 1956, promulgated on December 7, 1956, re-established an autonomous Aceh Province, independent of the Province of North Sumatra. The province of North Sumatra stretches across the island of Sumatra , between the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca , with an area of 72,460.74 km . It borders the province of Aceh to the northwest and Riau and West Sumatra to
2448-458: The area over the preceding months. Ethnic groups in North Sumatra (census 2010). North Sumatra is a multi-ethnic province. The Malay people are regarded as the majority people of the east coast of the province, while the west coast of the province is mainly inhabited by the Batak ( Pakpak , Angkola and Mandailing groups). The central region around Lake Toba to the northern Karo highland
2516-557: The early hours of 29 August 2010 and eruptions in September and November 2013, January, February and October 2014. Another volcano nearby is Mount Sibayak , also located in the Karo highland, sitting at an elevation of 2,181 metres (7,156 ft). Crystalline sulfur deposits on Mount Sibayak have historically been mined on a small scale, and seepage of sulfurous gases has caused acidic discolouration of its small crater lake . Lake Toba
2584-518: The fact that the town's topography (surrounded by hills and rivers) caused this place to be difficult to traverse by travelers. This coastal town became an important place during Indonesia's colonial period in 1663 when the Dutch , via the Dutch East India Company , set a trading post in Pulau Cingkuak (Cingkuak Island), one of many islands that are located offshore the town, as documented in
2652-400: The figure above is only de jure . In reality, the forests are not as large as the figures suggest. A lot of the forests are damaged, due to encroachment and illegal logging . So far, over 206,000 ha of forests in Sumatra have experienced changes in function. As many as 163,000 ha were converted to plantations and 42,900 ha were transmigration areas. The administrative centre of North Sumatra
2720-1226: The five cities. The new regency of Serdang Bedagai was formed on 18 December 2003 from part of Deli Serdang Regency, and the new regency of Batubara was formed on 2 January 2007 from part of Asahan Regency. Two further regencies were formed on 24 June 2008 - North Labuhanbatu and South Labuhanbatu - both from parts of Labuhanbatu Regency. The region includes 38 offshore islands - 11 in Langkat Regency, 1 in Deli Serdang, 1 in Medan City, 2 in Serdang Bedagai, 1 in Simalungun, 2 in Batubara, 4 in Asahan, 8 (riverine islands) in Tanjungbalai City, 2 in North Labuhanbatu and 6 in Labuhanbatu Regency. The province comprises three of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to
2788-400: The following word-final sound changes. The sound inventory of Minangkabau is listed below: North Sumatra North Sumatra ( Indonesian : Sumatera Utara ), also called North Sumatra Province , is a province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra , just south of Aceh . Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It
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2856-638: The landlocked Lake Toba comprising 1 in North Tapanuli Regency ( Pulau Sibandang ), 5 in Samosir Regency and 1 in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The region comprises the northeastern part of the province on the island of Sumatra, and equates to the former State of East Sumatra which existed at the time of independence. It now covers ten regencies and five cities, but originally there were just six regencies and
2924-465: The members of aristocratic families. To opportunistic pergerakan militants (including Communist Party of Indonesia members Xarim MS and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as a means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial rule and to join the larger Indonesian National Revolution . Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence with three prime objectives: to eliminate
2992-480: The most sway due to customs and traditions which consider Bakkara the place of origin of the Batak people. The Nias people on Nias Island remained isolated during its early era. Its people practiced agriculture and cultivation, made art carvings, and adhered to shamanist and pagan practices. By c. 1500 , there were several kingdoms on the east coast of Sumatra, namely the larger Nagur and Aru kingdoms and
3060-526: The mouths of rivers and became centres of government. Relics of the Mesolithic era have been found in North Sumatra, including finely honed stone axes, bone tools, and painting materials. Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that Austronesian speakers reached Sumatra from Taiwan and the Philippines through Borneo or Java about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers. New genetic research has found that
3128-603: The names of North Sumatran states he defeated in one expedition to conquer Srivijaya . States that he mentioned included Sriwijaya, Malayur, Kendara, and the Panai Kingdom . Furthermore, the Negarakertagama epic by Mpu Prapanca from the 14th century list countries found in North Sumatra, Pane, Haru, Mandailing, Tamiang, Lawas, and Barus, which were mainly defeated by the Majapahit . The earliest kingdom that
3196-544: The next day. The main force followed on bicycles. There was some resistance from the Dutch forces, particularly around Pematangsiantar , but the last major town, Sibolga , fell on 15 March. During the Japanese occupation of North Sumatra, the leader of the Japanese Armed Forces was centred in Bukittinggi , moving the de facto capital out of the Dutch centre of Medan. The occupation lasted 3 years. In 1945
3264-455: The nineteenth century, Dutch power was concentrated on the island of Java and parts of the Moluccas. In the nineteenth century, the Dutch began to focus more on to areas outside Java, including North Sumatra, driving out British influence. Dutch control was formalized with the handover of most of Indonesia in the 1814 Treaty of London , which was renewed in the 1824 Treaty of London . However,
3332-407: The northeast coast of Nias. The Batu Islands, just southeast of Nias, consist of 51 islands including three major islands: Pini, Tanahbala and Tanahmasa. Pulau Telo is their administrative centre on the small island of Situasi. Other islands in North Sumatra include Imanna, Pasu, Bawa, Hamutaia, Batu Makelele, Masa, Bau, Simaleh, Makole, Jake, and Wunga [ id ] . Half of the province
3400-505: The projected new provinces within which they are situated: . This region contains the substantial island of Nias and various small offshore islands, including the Batu Islands to the south. Originally it comprised a single Nias Regency (created on 7 November 1956), but on 25 February 2003 the southern part of the island (including the Batu Islands) was split off to form a separate South Nias Regency . On 29 October 2008 two new regencies - North Nias and West Nias - together with
3468-655: The province also attract neighbouring people from Aceh, Riau and West Sumatra, which is the Aceh and Minangkabau people presents. Bataks make up 44.95% of the population, including the Batak Karo and Mandailing. The Javanese come second with 30.62%, the Malays add up to 5.92% and the ethnic Chinese comprise 5.75%. The Nias people make up around 4.10% and the rest are Minangkabau (2.66%), Acehnese (1.07%), ethnic Indian (1.00%) and other ethnic groups (1.15%) The distribution of
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#17327661342583536-484: The region vulnerable to outside influences from Aceh , Melaka , Portugal , Siak , and Minangkabau . The Sultanate of Aceh worked to spread Islam across the eastern coast, and in the Padri War , succeeded in spreading Islam into the southern Tapanuli kingdom. As a result of this warfare and cultural shifts, the three big kingdoms split into several small kingdoms and sultanates, including Deli , Serdang , Asahan , Langkat Sultanate , Maropat, Lingga. Malacca fell to
3604-420: The shores of the Straits of Malacca, has been widely visited by Hindus and by Chinese traders for centuries since the founding of early Situs Kota Cina or Chinatown sites in Hamparan Perak c. 11th–14th centuries CE . Barus , a trading port on the western coast of Tapanuli, attracted Middle Age era traders in search of camphor , which was popular in Ancient Egypt. In 1030, Rajendra Chola recorded
3672-467: The smaller Panai and Batangiou kingdoms. To the west, in the hinterland of Tapanuli , another kingdom emerged: a Batak kingdom founded by descendants of Sisingamangaraja. This kingdom gradually expanded its influenced throughout Tapanuli to Angkola, Mandailing, and Dairi. The three largest kingdoms in North Sumatra in the sixteenth century were Nagur, the Batak kingdom under the rule of King Sisingamangaraja, and Aru. Wars between these three kingdoms made
3740-484: The southeast. The province contains a broad, low plain along the Strait of Malacca on which the provincial capital, Medan, is located. In the south and west, the land rises to the Bukit Barisan mountain range that runs the length of Sumatra; the mountains here surround Lake Toba , which was formed from the caldera of an ancient volcano. Several large islands in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of Sumatra are currently part of North Sumatra, most notably Nias Island and
3808-642: The southwestern part of the province on the island of Sumatra , and equates to the former Tapanoeli Residency which existed at the time of independence (except for Nias Island). When the province was created, the region comprised three regencies ( North Tapanuli , Central Tapanuli and South Tapanuli ) and the city of Sibolga . A fourth regency - Dairi - was created on 23 September 1964 from part of North Tapanuli Regency. Two more new regencies were formed on 23 November 1998 - Mandailing Natal from part of South Tapanuli Regency, and Toba Samosir from another part of North Tapanuli Regency. The city of Padang Sidempuan
3876-407: The sultanates had been formally included within the Dutch East Indies, and in Deli, the sultan of Deli granted the Dutch sole rights over taxation and leases, in exchange for an annual pension. That year, the East Coast Residency was established. On March 12, 1942, Japanese forces landed in Palubuhan Ruku on the east coast, and advanced on Medan. The advance force reported it had captured the town
3944-454: The sultanates of Asahan , Serdang , Deli and Langkat . The Dutch proceeded further into Batakland and North Sumatra, invading Toba, Karo Highland, Nias and Silindung with the help of Christian missionaries, such as Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen , who worked to Christianize the area. The Dutch invasion into Batakland met resistance by Sisingamangaraja XII , causing a guerilla war lasting 30 years until and Sisingmangaraja XII's death in battle and
4012-402: The sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (to fund the Indonesian independence campaign), and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure. The Dutch authorities, working with the East Sumatra Union ( Persatuan Sumatra Timur ), which had been formed in 1938 by westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests, established
4080-418: The town of Tapan in southern West Sumatra province, is a recently discovered Malayan language which has been proposed as related to but not part of Minangkabau. Together, Tapan and Minangkabau would form a Greater Minangkabau subgroup. The two languages Tapan and Muko-Muko form a Lunangic subgroup within the Minangic (Greater Minangkabau) language group. The Minangic subgroup is characterized by
4148-463: The tribes, clans, and ethnic groups in North Sumatra is as follows: As well as Indonesian , languages spoken in the province include various dialects of Batak languages (particularly around Lake Toba ), Javanese (various regions in the east of the province, especially around Medan ), Malay , Minangkabau and the Nias language (parts of Nias ). Religion in North Sumatra (2022) More than 95% of all residents are either Muslim or Christian;
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#17327661342584216-552: Was composed of 10 regencies and 6 cities, but an 11th regency ( Dairi Regency ) was created on 23 September 1964. Fourteen more new regencies and two new cities were created between 1998 and 2008. All these are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with their official estimates for mid-2023. Regencies and cities are sub-divided into 455 districts , which in turn are further sub-divided into 6,110 villages (as of early 2024). Proposals have been under consideration since 2013 by
4284-473: Was divided into three sub-provinces: North Sumatra, Central Sumatra and South Sumatra . North Sumatra was an amalgamation of three administrative regions called Residencies: the Residency of Aceh, the East Sumatra Residency, and the Residency of Tapanuli. The publication of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia (R.I.) No. 10, Year 1948 on April 15, 1948, formalized the division of these three provinces. The date of 15 April 1948 has been subsequently celebrated as
4352-450: Was located close to present-day Medan and Deli Serdang . Its people are believed to have been descendants of the Karo people from the interior of North Sumatra. An area near Lake Toba called Batakland (or the Batak Lands ) housed kingdoms of Batak people. It was first mentioned in Zhao Rugua 's 13th-century Description of the Barbarous Peoples , which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of Srivijaya . The Suma Oriental , written in
4420-431: Was present on the eastern coast of North Sumatra was the Aru Kingdom , which existed from the 13th to the 16th century CE. In its height, the kingdom was a maritime power and controlled the northern part of the Malacca strait . The kingdom was initially established as a Karo polity . The indigenous population practiced native animism and Hinduism . Starting in 13th century, some also practiced Islam . Aru's capital
4488-527: Was proclaimed, Sumatra Province was divided into three sub-provinces, each of which had the right to regulate and manage its own affairs. April 15, 1948 was later designated as the anniversary of the Province of North Sumatra. Archaeological understanding of early North Sumatran peoples is limited compared to that of other nearby regions. Prehistoric relics in North Sumatra show that the oldest population may have been Austronesian or Melanesian . Archaeological evidence indicates that their dispersal took place in
4556-712: Was split off from South Tapanuli Regency on 21 June 2001. Two further regencies were formed on 25 February 2003 - Humbang Hasundutan from part of North Tapanuli Regency, and Pakpak Bharat from part of Dairi Regency. A new Samosir Regency was created from part of Toba Samosir Regency on 18 December 2003 (more recently, the remaining part of this regency was renamed Toba Regency). Another two regencies were created on 17 July 2007 - Padang Lawas and North Padang Lawas , both from parts of South Tapanuli Regency. The region includes 60 small offshore islands - 24 in Mandailing Natal, 31 in Central Tapanuli (the largest being Mursala Island off Sibolga) and 5 in Sibolga City, plus 7 islands in
4624-414: Was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur entered into negotiations with Mohammad Hatta to reunify East Sumatra with the Republic of Indonesia in May 1950. Mansur surrendered authority to the republic and East Sumatra merged with Tapanuli to become the province of North Sumatra on August 15, 1950. After Indonesian independence, at the first session of the National Committee of Regions (KND), Sumatra
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