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62-560: The Panoptikum Hamburg is a wax museum in Hamburg , Germany. Founded in 1879 by Friedrich Hermann Faerber, it is the country's oldest wax museum. Each wax figure takes up to two years and € 40,000 to complete. According to its owners, the Panoptikum receives around 200,000 visitors annually as of 2018. 53°32′58″N 9°58′00″E  /  53.54943°N 9.96656°E  / 53.54943; 9.96656 This article about

124-523: A blue plaque marks the location. Publishing started in Fleet Street around 1500 when William Caxton 's apprentice, Wynkyn de Worde , set up a printing shop near Shoe Lane , while at around the same time Richard Pynson set up as publisher and printer next to St Dunstan's Church . More printers and publishers followed, mainly supplying the legal trade in the four Inns of Court around the area, but also publishing books and plays. In March 1702

186-520: A serial killer , the character appears in various English language works starting in the mid-19th century. Adaptations of the story include the 1936 George King film , the 1979 Stephen Sondheim musical , and the 2007 Tim Burton film based on the musical, all titled Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street . Fleet Street is mentioned in several of Charles Dickens 's works. The eponymous club in The Posthumous Papers of

248-577: A court order. The Old Bank of England , which from 1888 to 1975 was a trading house for the country's central bank, is now a Grade II listed pub. Since 1971, the southern side of the street has been part of the Fleet Street Conservation Area, which ensures buildings are regularly maintained and the character of the street is preserved. The area expanded to the north side in 1981. The area around Fleet Street contains numerous statues and memorials to prominent public figures. At

310-487: A few nationally important ones. By the 20th century, Fleet Street and the area surrounding it were dominated by the national press and related industries. The Daily Express relocated to No. 121–8 Fleet Street in 1931, into a building designed by Sir Owen Williams . It was the first curtain wall building in London. It has survived the departure of the newspaper in 1989 and was restored in 2001. The Daily Telegraph

372-574: A museum in Germany is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wax museum Some wax museums have a special section dubbed the " Chamber of Horrors ", in which the more grisly exhibits are displayed. Some collections are more specialized, as, for example, collections of wax medical models once used for training medical professionals. Many museums or displays in historical houses that are not wax museums as such use wax figures as part of their displays. The origin of wax museums goes back to

434-592: A new location. During the last few years some other new wax museums are starting around the world. In 2009 Dreamland Wax Museum opened in Gramado, in the south of Brazil. The National Presidential Wax Museum in Keystone, South Dakota is the only wax museum in the world to feature every U.S. president. Their exhibits also include other notable figures from history such as General George Custer, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Sitting Bull. Originally created by

496-520: A significant number of monuments and statues along its length, including the dragon at Temple Bar and memorials to a number of figures from the British press, such as Samuel Pepys and Lord Northcliffe . The street is mentioned in several works by Charles Dickens and is the home of the fictional murderer Sweeney Todd . Fleet Street is named after the River Fleet , which runs from Hampstead to

558-522: A woman who gave birth to 365 children simultaneously. The waxworks were a favourite haunt of William Hogarth , and survived into the 19th century. The Apollo Society, a music club, was established in 1733 at the Devil Tavern on Fleet Street by composer Maurice Greene . In 1763, supporters of John Wilkes , who had been arrested for libel against the Earl of Bute , burned a jackboot in the centre of

620-406: Is Wentworth Publishing , an independent publisher of newsletters and courses. The Associated Press has an office in Fleet Street as did The Jewish Chronicle until 2013 when it moved to Golders Green . The British Association of Journalists is based at No. 89 while Metro International are at No. 85. Though many prominent national newspapers have moved away from Fleet Street,

682-721: Is a bust of Lord Northcliffe , the newspaper proprietor, co-founder of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror . At No. 72 is a bust of the Irish journalist and MP TP O'Connor , constructed in 1934 by F. W. Doyle-Jones. On the southern side of the street nearby memorials and monuments include the Temple Bar Memorial where the Temple Bar (a gateway) used to stand until it was removed in 1878. The marker

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744-688: Is across the street from the historic Alamo . Others are located on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls , and Grand Prairie, Texas . Among the most notable wax museums is the Life of Christ Museum located in Fatima , the city internationally known for the phenomenon of the apparitions of the Virgin Mary that allegedly occurred in Portugal . Tony Julius, director of the London company that manufactured

806-734: Is now Aldwych and the Strand . Many prelates lived around the street during the Middle Ages, including the Bishops of Salisbury and St Davids and the Abbots of Faversham , Tewkesbury , Winchcombe and Cirencester . Tanning of animal hides became established on Fleet Street owing to the nearby river, though this increased pollution leading to a ban on dumping rubbish by the mid-14th century. Many taverns and brothels were established along Fleet Street and have been documented as early as

868-610: Is part of the A4 , a major road running west through London, although it once ran along the entire street and eastwards past St Paul's Churchyard towards Cannon Street . The nearest London Underground stations are Temple , Chancery Lane , and Blackfriars tube/mainline station and the City Thameslink railway station . London Bus routes 4, 11, 15, 23, 26, 76 and 172 run along the full length of Fleet Street, while route 341 runs between Temple Bar and Fetter Lane. Fleet Street

930-603: Is the oldest continuous banking establishment in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1580 and has been based at No.1 Fleet Street, adjacent to Temple Bar, since 1673. The law firm Freshfields moved to No. 65 Fleet Street in 1990. In the High Middle Ages senior clergymen had their London palaces in the street. Place-names surviving with this connection are Peterborough Court and Salisbury Court after their respective Bishops' houses here; apart from

992-1023: The Panoptikum Hamburg , and for a century these remained highly popular. In the late 20th century it became harder for them to compete with other attractions. Today there are also Madame Tussauds in Dam Square , Amsterdam ; Berlin ; Madame Tussauds Hong Kong ; Shanghai ; and five locations in the United States : the Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada , Times Square in New York City , Washington, D.C. , Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco and Hollywood . Louis Tussaud's wax museum in San Antonio, Texas ,

1054-631: The River Thames at the western edge of the City of London . It is one of the oldest roads outside the original city and was established by the Middle Ages . In the 13th century, it was known as Fleet Bridge Street, and in the early 14th century it became known as Fleet Street. The street runs east from Temple Bar , the boundary between the Cities of London and Westminster , as a continuation of

1116-619: The wax figures and former collaborator of the Madame Tussauds Museum , considered it the third best wax museum in the world. One of the most popular and famous wax museums in the United States for decades was The Movieland Wax Museum in Buena Park, California , near Knott's Berry Farm . The museum opened in 1962 and through the years added many wax figures of famous show business figures. Several stars attended

1178-742: The 12th century supplements these as the local parish (as opposed to guild church) and is the London home for the Romanian Orthodox church. To the south lies an area of legal buildings known as the Temple , formerly the property of the Knights Templar , which at its core includes two of the four Inns of Court : the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple . There are many lawyers' offices (especially barristers ' chambers) in

1240-438: The 14th century. Records show that Geoffrey Chaucer was fined two shillings for attacking a friar in Fleet Street, though modern historians believe this is apocryphal. An important landmark in Fleet Street during the late Middle Ages was a conduit that was the main water supply for the area. When Anne Boleyn was crowned queen following her marriage to Henry VIII in 1533, the conduit flowed wine instead of water. By

1302-504: The 16th century, Fleet Street, along with much of the City, was chronically overcrowded, and a royal proclamation in 1580 banned any further building on the street. This had little effect, and construction continued, particularly timber. Prince Henry's Room over the Inner Temple gate dates from 1610 and is named after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales , eldest son of James I , who did not survive to succeed his father. The eastern part of

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1364-519: The 21st century and are grade II listed: Ye Olde Cock Tavern at No. 22, The Tipperary at No. 66, the Old Bell at No. 95, the Punch Tavern at No. 98 and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese at No. 145. The El Vino wine bar moved to No. 47 in 1923, quickly becoming popular with lawyers and journalists. Women were not allowed in the bar until 1982, and then only because of

1426-616: The Dundee-based Sunday Post , left in 2016, as the paper closed its London offices. Despite the domination of the print industry, other businesses were also established on Fleet Street. The Automobile Association was established at No. 18 Fleet Street in 1905. Since the post-Wapping migration, Fleet Street is now more associated with the investment banking, legal and accountancy professions. For example, The Inns of Court and barristers' chambers are down alleys and around courtyards off Fleet Street itself and many of

1488-900: The English king and members of his court. A seated figure of Peter the Great of Russia survives, made by an Italian artist, after the Tsar was impressed by the figures he saw at the Chateau of Versailles . The Danish court painter Johann Salomon Wahl executed figures of the Danish king and queen in about 1740. The 'Moving Wax Works of the Royal Court of England', a museum or exhibition of 140 life-size figures, some apparently with clockwork moving parts, opened by Mrs Mary in Fleet Street in London

1550-587: The Knights Templars' establishment the Whitefriars monastery is recalled by Whitefriars Street and the remains of its undercroft have been preserved in a public display area. A Carmelite church was established on Fleet Street in 1253, but it was destroyed during the Reformation in 1545. Today three churches serve the spiritual needs of the three 'communities' associated with the area of

1612-830: The Movieland Wax Museum is the Hollywood Wax Museum located in Hollywood, California which features almost exclusively figures of movie actors displayed in settings associated with their roles in popular movies. This group of museums includes Hollywood Wax Museum Branson in Branson, Missouri along with Hollywood Wax Museum Pigeon Forge in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee and Hollywood Wax Museum Myrtle Beach in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina . With

1674-597: The Pickwick Club , more commonly known as The Pickwick Papers , is set in the street, as is Tellson's Bank in A Tale of Two Cities . The poet John Davidson wrote two works in the late 19th century titled the Fleet Street Eclogues . Arthur Ransome has a chapter in his Bohemia in London (1907) about earlier inhabitants of the street: Ben Jonson, the lexicographer Doctor Samuel Johnson, Coleridge , Hazlitt and Lamb; and about Temple Bar and

1736-535: The Steamship Terminal building, it featured "royalty to rogues and the renowned." It was forced to close when the building required seismic upgrades. The National Wax Museum in Dublin , Ireland is a wax museum which hosts well over a hundred figures. For many years it has had only one sculptor, PJ Heraty, who continued producing figures even while the museum was closed. Meanwhile, it could be re-opened at

1798-527: The Strand from Trafalgar Square . It crosses Chancery Lane and Fetter Lane to reach Ludgate Circus by the London Wall . The road ahead is Ludgate Hill . The street numbering runs consecutively from west to east south-side and then east to west north-side. It links the Roman and medieval boundaries of the City after the latter was extended. The section of Fleet Street between Temple Bar and Fetter Lane

1860-542: The U.S. is the Wax Museum at Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, California . BibleWalk is a Christian wax museum in Mansfield, Ohio . It has received attention for its use of celebrity wax figures in its religious scenes, originally a cost-saving measure when new wax figures were deemed too expensive. The Royal London Wax Museum was open in downtown Victoria, British Columbia , Canada, from 1970 to 2010 in

1922-528: The abbey itself. Nelson's effigy was a pure tourist attraction, commissioned the year after his death in 1805, and his burial not in the Abbey but in St Paul's Cathedral after a government decision that major public figures should in future be buried there. Concerned for their revenue from visitors, the Abbey decided it needed a rival attraction for admirers of Nelson. In European courts including that of France

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1984-509: The boundary of the Cities of London and Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the London Wall and the River Fleet from which the street was named. The street has been an important through route since Roman times . During the Middle Ages , businesses were established and senior clergy lived there; several churches remain from this time including Temple Church and St Bride's . The street became known for printing and publishing at

2046-597: The city's history as well as a "Haunted Dungeon" section of wax figures of famous characters from horror films and literature. This museum is now closed and the Conti building was converted into condos. The museum was rumored to reopen at Jazzland theme park some indefinite date in the future but that park itself closed before long. Several of the wax figures are now on display in Darrow, Louisiana at The Great River Road Museum near Houmas House . Another popular wax museum in

2108-550: The custom of making an effigy in wax for this role grew, again wearing actual clothes so that only the head and hands needed wax models. After the funeral these were often displayed by the tomb or elsewhere in the church, and became a popular attraction for visitors, which it was often necessary to pay to view. The Westminster Abbey Museum in London has a collection of British royal funeral effigies made of varying materials going back to that of Edward III of England 's wooden likeness (died 1377), as well as those of figures such as

2170-473: The early 18th century at least, and wax funeral effigies of royalty and some other figures exhibited by their tombs had essentially been tourist attractions well before that. The making of life-size wax figures wearing real clothes grew out of the funeral practices of European royalty. In the Middle Ages it was the habit to carry the corpse, fully dressed, on top of the coffin at royal funerals, but this sometimes had unfortunate consequences in hot weather, and

2232-463: The early 18th century, a notorious upper-class gang known as the Mohocks operated on the street causing regular violence and vandalism. Mrs Salmon's Waxworks was established at Prince Henry's Room in 1711. It had a display of macabre and black-humoured exhibits, including the execution of Charles I ; a Roman lady, Hermonie, whose father survived a sentence of starvation by sucking her breast; and

2294-585: The executed royals. Madame Tussauds , historically associated with London , is the most famous name associated with wax museums, although it was not the earliest wax museum, as is sometimes thought. In 1835 Madame Tussaud established her first permanent exhibition in London 's Baker Street . By the late 19th century most large cities had some kind of commercial wax museum, like the Musée Grévin in Paris or

2356-820: The famed sculptor Katherine Stubergh, the museum includes death and life masks of notable Hollywood celebrities including Mae West and Sid Grauman. Their most revered exhibit is a depiction of George W. Bush standing on the rubble of the World Trade Center with NYFD fireman Bob Beckwith following the attacks on September 11, 2001. India's first wax museum opened in December 2005 in Kanyakumari. Now located to Kanyakumari Railway Station it contains wax statues of celebrities at Multi Functional Complex Kanyakumari. The biggest wax museum in India named Mother's Wax Museum

2418-616: The first issue of London's first daily newspaper, the Daily Courant , was published in Fleet Street. It was followed by the Morning Chronicle . The publisher John Murray was founded at No. 32 Fleet Street in 1762 and remained there until 1812, when it moved to Albemarle Street. The popularity of newspapers was restricted due to various taxes during the early 19th century, particularly paper duty. Peele's Coffee-House at No. 177–178 Fleet Street became popular and

2480-517: The making of posed wax figures became popular. Antoine Benoist (1632–1717) was a French court painter and sculptor in wax to King Louis XIV . He exhibited forty-three wax figures of the French Royal Circle at his residence in Paris. Thereafter, the king authorized the figurines to be shown throughout France. His work became so highly regarded that James II of England invited him to visit England in 1684. There he executed works of

2542-480: The name is still synonymous with the printing and publishing industry. In the adjacent St. Brides Lane is the St Bride Library , holding a specialist collection relating to the type and print industry and providing courses in printing technology and methods. On the wall of Magpie Alley, off Bouverie Street , is a mural depicting the history of newspapers in the area. The last two journalists to work for

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2604-465: The naval hero Horatio Nelson , and Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond , who also had her parrot stuffed and displayed. From the funeral of Charles II in 1680 they were no longer placed on the coffin but were still made for later display. The effigy of Charles II, open-eyed and standing, was displayed over his tomb until the early 19th century, when all the Westminster effigies were removed from

2666-437: The north-eastern corner is a bust of Edgar Wallace , and a full-length representation of Mary, Queen of Scots in a first-floor niche at No. 143–144 commissioned by John Tollemache Sinclair . Above the entrance to the old school-house of St Dunstan's is a statue of Queen Elizabeth I provided for the then new Ludgate in 1586 by William Kerwin; it was moved to here following the gate's demolition in 1776. Adjacent to this

2728-430: The old newspaper offices have become the London headquarters for various companies. One example is Goldman Sachs , whose offices are in the old Daily Telegraph and Liverpool Echo buildings of Peterborough Court and Mersey House. C. Hoare & Co , England's oldest privately owned bank, has been operating in Fleet Street since 1672. Child & Co. , now a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Bank of Scotland , claims it

2790-620: The original location having been developed in the mid-1960s, this group of museums went against the late 20th century trend of declining wax museum attendance, with the Branson location having undergone a substantial expansion and remodeling in 2008 and 2009 including an animated ride and a mirror maze. Another popular wax museum is the Musée Conti Wax Museum in New Orleans, Louisiana , which features wax figures portraying

2852-416: The presses at Wapping using modern computer-operated technology, rendering the power of the old unions obsolete. The resulting Wapping dispute featured violent protests at Fleet Street and Wapping that lasted over a year, but ultimately other publishers followed suit and moved out of Fleet Street towards Canary Wharf or Southwark . Reuters was the last major news outlet to leave Fleet Street, in 2005. In

2914-400: The same year, The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph announced they were returning to the centre of London from Canary Wharf to new premises in Victoria in 2006. Some publishers have remained on Fleet Street. The London office of D.C. Thomson & Co. , creator of The Beano , is at No. 185. The Secretariat of the Commonwealth Broadcasting Association is at No. 17, as

2976-466: The start of the 16th century and by the 20th century, most British national newspapers operated here. Much of the industry moved out in the 1980s after News International set up cheaper manufacturing premises in Wapping , but some former newspaper buildings are listed and have been preserved. The term Fleet Street remains a metonym for the British national press, and pubs on the street once frequented by journalists remain popular. Fleet Street has

3038-415: The street in protest against Bute. It led to violent demonstrations and rioting in 1769 and 1794. Tanning and other industries declined sharply after the River Fleet was routed underground in 1766. The street was widened during the late-19th century, when Temple Bar was demolished and Ludgate Circus was constructed. The headquarters of the Anti-Corn Law League were based at No. 67 Fleet Street, and

3100-409: The street was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666, despite attempts to use the River Fleet to preserve it. Fire damage reached to about Fetter Lane , and the special tribunal of the 'Fire Courts' was held at Clifford's Inn , an inn of Chancery at the edge of the extent of the fire, to arbitrate on claimants' rights. Properties were rebuilt in the same style as before the fire. During

3162-400: The street. Temple Church was built by the Knights Templar in 1162 and serves the legal profession. St Bride's Church was established as early as the 6th century and was later designed by Sir Christopher Wren in a style that complemented St Mary Le Bow further east in the City. It remains the London church most associated with the print industry. St Dunstan-in-the-West also dates from

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3224-523: The unveilings of the wax incarnations and some added their handprints, footprints, and/or signatures in cement there ala Grauman's Chinese Theatre . The museum was profiled on a number of television programs and occasionally referenced on TV dramas given its longtime success as a tourist attraction, no doubt in part due to the close proximity to Knott's Berry Farm and Disneyland . The museum closed its doors on October 31, 2005, after years of dwindling attendance. A very similar museum occasionally confused with

3286-435: The various taverns, including Ben Jonson , John Milton , Izaak Walton , John Dryden , Edmund Burke , Oliver Goldsmith and Charles Lamb . The lexicographer Samuel Johnson lived at Gough Square off Fleet Street between 1748 and 1759; the building has survived into the 21st century. The cartographer John Senex owned a map store, The Sign of the Globe, on Fleet Street between 1725 and his death in 1736. Wynkyn de Worde

3348-558: The vicinity. The gatehouse to Middle Temple Lane was built by Sir Christopher Wren in 1684. To the west, at the junction with Strand are the Royal Courts of Justice whilst at the eastern end of the street the Old Bailey is near Ludgate Circus. As a principal route leading to and from the City, Fleet Street was especially noted for its taverns and coffeehouses. Many notable persons of literary and political fame such as Samuel Johnson frequented these, and journalists would regularly meet in pubs to collect stories. Some have survived to

3410-454: Was based at No. 135–142 . These premises are both Grade II-listed . In the 1930s, No. 67 housed 25 separate publications; by this time the majority of British households bought a daily paper produced from Fleet Street. In 1986 News International owner Rupert Murdoch caused controversy when he moved publication of The Times and The Sun away from Fleet Street to new premises in Wapping , East London . Murdoch believed it

3472-463: Was buried in St. Bride's Church in 1535, as was poet Richard Lovelace in 1657, while Samuel Pepys was baptised there in 1633. The Royal Society was based in Crane Court from 1710 to 1782, when it moved to Somerset House on the Strand. The barber Sweeney Todd is traditionally said to have lived and worked during the 18th century in Fleet Street, where he would murder customers and serve their remains as pie fillings. An urban myth example of

3534-558: Was designed by Sir Horace Jones in 1880. It has a statue of a dragon at the top (sometimes called "the Griffin"), and a statue of Queen Victoria in a niche in the side. In the Inner Temple Gardens is a memorial to Charles Lamb . In Salisbury Square there is an obelisk commemorating Robert Waithman , mayor of London between 1823 and 1833, and a blue plaque commemorating the birthplace of diarist and naval secretary Samuel Pepys . Several writers and politicians are associated with Fleet Street, either as residents or regulars to

3596-429: Was doing excellent business in 1711. Philippe Curtius , waxwork modeller to the French court, opened his Cabinet de Cire as a tourist attraction in Paris in 1770, which remained open until 1802. In 1783 this added a Caverne des Grands Voleurs ("Cave of the Great Thieves"), an early "Chamber of Horrors". He bequeathed his collection to his protégée Marie Tussaud , who during the French Revolution made death masks of

3658-408: Was established as a thoroughfare in Roman London and there is evidence that a route led west from Ludgate by 200 AD. Local excavations revealed remains of a Roman amphitheatre near Ludgate on what was Fleet Prison , but other accounts suggest the area was too marshy for regular inhabitation by the Romans. The Saxons did not occupy the Roman city but established Lundenwic further west around what

3720-438: Was impossible to produce a newspaper profitably on Fleet Street and the power of the print unions, the National Graphical Association (NGA) and the Society of Graphical and Allied Trades (SOGAT), was too strong (an opinion endorsed by the Prime Minister , Margaret Thatcher ). All Fleet Street print staff were sacked and new staff from the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union were brought in to operate

3782-416: Was opened in November 2014 in New Town, Kolkata . Another branch opened in July 2008 at the historical site of Old Goa with a collection of religious statues. Madame Tussauds opened its first museum in India at New Delhi in 2017. New York wax museum has Lina Medina ’s wax figure. Fleet Street Fleet Street is a street in Central London , England. It runs west to east from Temple Bar at

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3844-419: Was the main committee room for the Society for Repealing the Paper Duty, starting in 1858. The society was successful and the duty was abolished in 1861. Along with the repeal of the newspaper tax in 1855, this led to a dramatic expansion of newspaper production in Fleet Street. The "penny press" (newspapers costing one penny ) became popular during the 1880s and the initial number of titles had consolidated into

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