53-558: Pitt Street is a major street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales , Australia . The street runs through the entire city centre from Circular Quay in the north to Waterloo , although today's street is in two disjointed sections after a substantial stretch of it was removed to make way for Sydney's Central railway station . Pitt Street is well known for the pedestrian only retail centre of Pitt Street Mall ,
106-589: A leading hub of economic activity for the Asia Pacific region. 40.7 % of businesses in the CBD fall within the ‘Finance and Financial Services’ or ‘Professional and Business services’ category. It is ranked overall #16 in the 2024 Oxford's Global Cities Index and amongst the top 10 cities in the Human Capital category. Approximately 15% of Sydney's total workforce is employed within the CBD. In 2012,
159-403: A loop from Central station, running north along Pitt Street to Circular Quay returning south via Castlereagh Street . These tracks were also used by some eastern and south-western routes during busy periods. The line closed on 27 September 1957 with four tram services replaced with buses and three others diverted to operate via Elizabeth Street . The line made use of the sandstone viaduct onto
212-563: A mortgage in 2021. Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Darwin Canberra Sydney Cove Sydney Cove ( Eora : Warrane ) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson , on the coast of Sydney , New South Wales . Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between
265-405: A scattering of islands, sandy beaches, the trees shimmering under the sun. The site of the settlement was Sydney Cove. It was one of the smaller inlets, chosen because it had fresh water and good anchorage for ships close into the land. The Governor's working party had cleared a camping ground beside the creek, which stole silently along through a very thick wood, the stillness of which had then for
318-490: A section of the street which runs from King Street to Market Street . Pitt Street is a one way (southbound only) from Circular Quay to Pitt Street Mall and (northbound only) from Pitt Street Mall to Goulburn Street , while Pitt Street Mall is for pedestrians only. It is dominated by retail and commercial office space. Pitt Street was originally named Pitt Row, and is one of the earliest named streets in Sydney. Pitt Street
371-486: A secure anchorage nor a reliable source of fresh water. Sydney Cove offered both of these, being serviced by a freshwater creek which was soon to be known as the Tank Stream . It must have been like entering paradise on that summer afternoon when the sea-won convoy passed through the dun and barren headlands into the untouched harbour – the water brilliantly blue, the shores high and wooded without being precipitous,
424-485: A southbound street, but was later converted to run northbound. The Goulburn Street to Campbell Street section was converted to two-way. The Circular Quay to Central station line was an important part of the Sydney tram network . It was an extremely busy service for passengers transferring from suburban trains, particularly prior to the opening of the City Circle underground railway line in 1926. Trams operated in
477-581: Is Central railway station , which is located to the south of the CBD in Haymarket : it connects services for almost all of the lines in the Sydney Trains network, as well as being the terminus for NSW TrainLink country and inter-urban rail services. From Central, there is a largely-underground CBD rail loop, accessed in both directions via Central, which services five CBD stations ( Town Hall , Wynyard , Circular Quay , St James and Museum ). This
530-592: Is dual-named as Warrane, the name by which it was known by the Eora people. The Tank Stream is encased in a concrete drain beneath the streets of the central business district and all native bushland has been cleared. The head of the cove is occupied by the Circular Quay ferry terminal. On Bennelong Point at the northern end of the eastern shore of the cove stands the Sydney Opera House . On
583-829: Is a large concentration of cultural institutions within the CBD including: the Museum of Sydney , the State Library of New South Wales , the Customs House branch of the City of Sydney Library , the Theatre Royal , the City Recital Hall and the Japan Foundation . There are a total of 19 churches located in the Sydney city centre. Many other cultural institutions are located at the surrounds of
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#1732781045766636-453: Is an area of very densely concentrated skyscrapers and other buildings, interspersed by several parks such as Hyde Park , The Domain , Royal Botanic Garden and Wynyard Park . Geographically, its north–south axis runs from Circular Quay in the north to Central railway station in the south. Its east–west axis runs from a chain of parkland that includes Hyde Park , The Domain , Royal Botanic Garden and Farm Cove on Sydney Harbour in
689-665: Is believed to have been named by Governor Arthur Phillip in honour of William Pitt the Younger , at the time, the Prime Minister of Great Britain . In 1853, Pitt Street was extended north from Hunter Street to Circular Quay . Pitt Street was previously a one-way street in a southerly direction from Circular Quay to Campbell Street. In preparation for the construction of the Pitt Street Mall , in February 1987
742-439: Is confirmed by a 1789 letter by John Campbell. Phillip had been instructed to establish the settlement at Botany Bay , a large bay further south of Sydney Cove which had been discovered by Lieutenant James Cook during his voyage of discovery in 1770, and was recommended by the eminent botanist Sir Joseph Banks , who had accompanied Cook, as a suitable site for a settlement. But Phillip discovered that Botany Bay offered neither
795-457: Is known as the City Circle . In addition, a separate underground line to Bondi Junction services an additional underground station, Martin Place . The Inner West Light Rail passes immediately to the south of the CBD, connecting Central to nearby suburbs of Sydney's Inner West . The CBD and South East Light Rail runs north–south through the CBD, connecting Circular Quay with Central and
848-591: Is of great significance, as the first meeting place between Eora people and Europeans. Before colonisation of the area , Eora men speared fish from the shoreline, and women line-fished from their nowies (canoes). Sydney Cove was named after the British Home Secretary , the 1st Baron Sydney (who was later created 1st Viscount Sydney in 1789). It was the site chosen by Captain Arthur Phillip , RN between 21 and 23 January 1788 for
901-643: Is the financial heart of the CBD whereas Pitt Street is the retail heart of the city andincludes the Pitt Street Mall as well as the Sydney Tower . Macquarie Street is a historic precinct that houses such buildings as the State Parliament House and the Supreme Court of New South Wales . The Geographical Names Board defines the area covering the central business district as the suburb named " Sydney ". The formal boundaries of
954-669: The Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge . Sydney Cove was the site of the First Fleet 's landing on 26 January 1788 and the subsequent raising of the Union Jack , a seminal date in Australian history now marked as Australia Day . The Eora name for Sydney Cove was recorded by several early settlers of the First Fleet variously spelt as Warrane, War-ran , Warrang and Wee-rong . The spot
1007-507: The British penal settlement which is now the city of Sydney , and where possession of New South Wales was formally declared on 26 January (now commemorated as Australia Day). Today, the exact site where the flag was planted is unmarked, being a spot near the bottom of Bethel Steps, The Rocks (behind the south end of the present Overseas Passenger Terminal) This site on the west side of the Cove
1060-478: The British where they came from. After arriving to Botany Bay , Captain Arthur Phillip decided that the area was not suitable since it had poor soil, no secure anchorage and no reliable water source. Thus, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day . The colony
1113-702: The CBD, such as: the Sydney Opera House and the Museum of Contemporary Art to the north, the Australian Museum and the Art Gallery of New South Wales to the east, the Powerhouse Museum to the west, White Rabbit Gallery and the Haymarket branch of the City of Sydney Library to the south. The lanes and alleyways of Sydney exhibit the culture and arts of the CBD. Every January during
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#17327810457661166-419: The CBD. It is currently under construction, with a planned completion date of 2024. Construction on a separate rapid transit line to connect the CBD with the secondary centre of Parramatta is also expected to begin in late 2022. Sydney's cultural centre is compacted within its central business district and inner city ring, due to its nightlife, pedestrian traffic and centrality of notable attractions. There
1219-540: The Eastern Suburbs. Buses service the CBD along several dozen routes to both inner and more remote suburbs. NightRide is an after-hours bus service that operates between midnight and 5:00 am, with most services running from George Street outside the Sydney Town Hall. Sydney Ferries operate largely from Circular Quay , on the northern edge of the CBD. There are several wharves (directly beneath
1272-805: The MP for Bligh, even addressed a crowd in Martin Place in 1988 in a futile attempt to save the Regent Theatre from its imminent fate. At the 2021 census , the population of the Sydney CBD was recorded as 16,667. International students account for 32% of Sydney CBD residents. Australia-born individuals make up 22.3% of the CBD's population. The most common countries of birth other than Australia were Indonesia (12.9%), Thailand (12.4%), China (9.7%), India (3.5%) and South Korea (3.1%). Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.3% of
1325-564: The Sydney CBD, in styles of concrete and glass structures. Administratively, the Sydney CBD falls under the authority of the local government area of the City of Sydney . The New South Wales state government also has authority over some aspects of the CBD, in particular through Property NSW . In the New South Wales state parliament, the seat of " Sydney " covers the city centre together with inner western, southern and eastern suburbs. Independent Alex Greenwich has represented
1378-471: The Sydney Harbour and Lord Howe Island . Australian Labor Party member Tanya Plibersek has represented the federal seat of Sydney since the 1998 Australian federal election . The Sydney CBD is home to some of the largest Australian companies, as well as serving as an Asia-Pacific headquarters for many large international companies. The financial services industry in particular occupies much of
1431-482: The available office space, with companies such as the Westpac , Commonwealth Bank , Citibank , Deutsche Bank , Macquarie Group , AMP , Insurance Australia Group , Aon , Marsh McLennan , Allianz , HSBC , Axa , ABN Amro , Royal Bank of Canada and Bloomsbury Publishing all having offices. Sydney's CBD is serviced by commuter rail , light rail , bus and ferry transport. Sydney's main commuter rail hub
1484-415: The city began with the arrival of a First Fleet of British ships in 1788 and the foundation of a penal colony by Great Britain. The area surrounding Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) was home to several Aboriginal tribes. The " Eora people" are the coastal Aboriginal people of the Sydney district. The name Eora simply means "here" or "from this place", and was used by Local Aboriginal people to describe to
1537-428: The city centre. The City of Sydney is traditionally the governing authority for Sydney's city centre. However, the boundaries of the City of Sydney have always been larger than the city centre or CBD. For example, Pyrmont has been in the City of Sydney since 1842 but is usually considered to be an inner western suburb, not a part of the Sydney city centre or CBD. Sydney's history begins in prehistoric times with
1590-529: The colonnade above Eddy Avenue at Central station, which since 1997 has formed part of the Inner West Light Rail . The following properties, located on or adjacent to Pitt Street, are listed on various national, state, and/or local government heritage registers: During the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 the City of Sydney installed a "pop up" (or temporary) cycleway on Pitt Street. This cycleway
1643-478: The death of Private Ernest William Keefe. Eight people sustained injuries. Because this incident occurred in the middle of the Great War the state discouraged media coverage. Only a fifth of the rioters were court-marshalled. These riots spurred the introduction of lockout laws for pubs after 6 pm. This law was only lifted in 1955. The early 1960s onwards saw the construction of new modern high-rise skyscrapers in
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1696-508: The east; to Darling Harbour and the Western Distributor in the west. The CBD runs along two ridge lines below Macquarie Street and York Streets. Between these ridges is Pitt Street, running close to the course of the original Tank Stream (now tunneled). George Street is the Sydney CBD's main north–south thoroughfare. Bridge Street took its name from the bridge running east–west that once crossed this stream. Martin Place
1749-545: The elevated Circular Quay commuter rail station), with Wharf 3 operating exclusively to Manly . Additionally, the rapid transit line connecting the northwest suburbs with Chatswood is planned to continue to the CBD when the second stage of the Sydney Metro is completed. This rapid transit line is underground in the CBD area and will link the North Shore to Bankstown via a tunnel underneath Sydney Harbour and
1802-432: The first St Mary's Catholic Cathedral in 1821. St Andrew's Anglican Cathedral , though more modest in size than Macquarie's original vision, later began construction and, after fire and setbacks, the present St Mary's Catholic Cathedral foundation stone was laid in 1868, from which rose a towering gothic-revival landmark. Religious groups were also responsible for many of the philanthropic activities in Sydney. One of these
1855-548: The first time since the Creation, been interrupted by the rude sound of the labourer's axe. A sample of the dark grey clay of Sydney Cove was collected by Governor Phillip and given to Sir Joseph Banks , who gave it to pottery maker Josiah Wedgwood to test for suitability for making pottery. Wedgwood found it excellent and made a commemorative medal that became known as the Sydney Cove Medallion. The cove
1908-464: The introduction of green bans in the 1970s and the increasing need for office or living space. Since then, a number of prominent buildings in the CBD have been lost: Anthony Hordern & Sons on George Street, the Regent Theatre also on George Street, Commercial Travelers' Club and Hotel Australia at Martin Place all attracted the ire of Sydneysiders–Sydney Mayor Clover Moore, then
1961-662: The introduction of new diseases such as smallpox , caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the British and resulted in violent confrontations. The oldest legislative body in Australia, the New South Wales Legislative Council , was created in Sydney in 1825 as an appointed body to advise the Governor of New South Wales . The northern wing of Macquarie Street's 's Rum Hospital
2014-585: The latter consisting predominantly of apartments. It is also home to the Australia Square tower building on George Street, which was the city's tallest building until 1976. As of 2017, the tallest structure is Sydney Tower at 309 m (1,014 ft) which has dominated the city skyline since it was topped out in 1981. In 2016, height limits for buildings were lifted from 235 m (771 ft) to 310 m (1,017 ft). Heritage conservation has been an ongoing issue for Sydney's city centre since
2067-432: The number of workers operating in the city was 226,972. Based on industry mix and relative occupational wage levels it is estimated that economic activity (GDP) generated in the city in 2015/16 was approximately $ 118 billion. Culturally , the city centre is Sydney's focal point for nightlife and entertainment, and is also home to some of the city's most culturally significant buildings and structures . The Sydney CBD
2120-521: The occupation of the district by Australian Aboriginals , whose ancestors came to Sydney in the Upper Paleolithic period. Radiocarbon dating suggests that they lived in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan. The principal language groups were Darug , Guringai , and Dharawal . The modern history of
2173-410: The population. Culturally, residents in the CBD have diverse ancestries, with Chinese, Thai, English, Indonesian, and Korean being the most common. Religious affiliations are equally diverse, with the largest group reporting 'No Religion' (36.1%), followed by Buddhism (21.4%) and Catholicism (13.7%). 99.2% of dwellings were flats or apartments. 72.0% were rented and 24.2% were owned outright or with
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2226-524: The sections between Hunter Street and Martin Place , and Martin Place and King Street were converted to two-way cul de sacs to allow the Martin Place plaza to be extended. This was later reverted and today the Circular Quay to King Street section is one-way throughout in a southerly direction. From Goulburn Street to Park Street was converted to become one-way in a northerly direction. The Market Street to Park Street section initially remained as
2279-485: The state seat of Sydney since the 2012 by-election , triggered by the resignation of previous independent Clover Moore , who was the Lord Mayor of Sydney , due to introduced state laws preventing dual membership of state parliament and local council. In the federal parliament, the seat of " Sydney " covers the city centre together with a larger set of inner western, southern and eastern suburbs, as well as islands in
2332-518: The suburb "Sydney" covers most of the peninsula formed by Cockle Bay in the west and Woolloomooloo Bay in the east. It extends north to Circular Quay , Bennelong Point and Mrs Macquarie's Chair , east to Woolloomooloo Bay and the eastern boundary of the Domain and Hyde Park, south to Goulburn Street just north of Sydney's Chinatown (Haymarket), and west to cover the Darling Harbour area on
2385-520: The summer, the city celebrates with the Sydney Festival . Australian and International theatre during the month is also featured, including Aboriginal , and Contemporary. The Sydney Film Festival is an international event organised every year in June at various venues across the CBD. The festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University. Attendance
2438-401: The two terms are used interchangeably. Colloquially, the CBD or city centre is often referred to simply as " Town " or " the City ". The Sydney city centre extends southwards for about 3 km (2 mi) from Sydney Cove , the point of first European settlement in which the Sydney region was initially established. The Sydney CBD is Australia's main financial and economic centre, as well as
2491-458: The western shore of Cockle Bay. However, it does not include the northwestern portion of the peninsula which includes the Barangaroo , The Rocks, Millers Point , Dawes Point and Walsh Bay area, which are formally separate suburbs grouped by the City of Sydney into the "small area" called "The Rocks - Miller's Point - Dawe's Point". The postcode zone 2000 is also roughly correlative with
2544-597: Was at full capacity with 1,200 tickets sold at one guinea each. Sydney boasts a lively café culture, as well as a club and bar scene distributed throughout the CBD and concentrated in a couple of locations such as Darling Harbour . Although Kings Cross is not technically located within the Sydney CBD, it is accessible via William Street, which runs through Hyde Park and is part of the inner-city region. Oxford Street hosts Sydney's gay scene. The Sydney CBD contains many of Australia's tallest skyscrapers, including Governor Phillip Tower , 25 Martin Place and World Tower ,
2597-680: Was completed in 1898 on the site of the old Sydney markets. In the midst of World War I , on Valentine's Day, riots racked the CBD, in what has come to be known as the Central Station Riots of 1916. A substantial segment of the violence was concentrated in the Central area. These riots involved five thousand military recruits who refused to comply with extraneous parade orders. During the riots, they caused significant damage to buildings. People with "foreign" names were especially targeted. The recruits clashed with soldiers, resulting in
2650-458: Was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. Sydney Cove offered a fresh water supply and Port Jackson a safe harbour, which Phillip described as: "being without exception the finest Harbour in the World". With the expansion of European settlement large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with
2703-487: Was requisitioned and converted to accommodate the first Parliament House in 1829, as it was the largest building available in Sydney at the time. In 1840 the Sydney City Council was established. Australia's first parliamentary elections were conducted for the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1843. Macquarie set aside a large portion of land for an Anglican Cathedral and laid the foundation stone for
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#17327810457662756-495: Was the Sydney Female Refuge Society set up to care for prostitutes in 1848. An academy of art formed in 1870 and the present Art Gallery of New South Wales building began construction in 1896. Inspired by the works of French impressionism , artists camps formed around the foreshores of Sydney Harbour in the 1880s. The Romanesque landmark Queen Victoria Building (QVB), designed by George McRae ,
2809-496: Was the busiest of all the pop up cycleways installed, with an average of 4430 weekly trips. In March 2021 the city announced the cycleway would become permanent. It now connects to the King Street cycleway at the south end. Sydney central business district The Sydney central business district ( CBD ) is the historical and main commercial centre of Sydney . The CBD is Sydney's city centre , or Sydney City , and
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