Misplaced Pages

#175824

50-520: On January 3, 1944, construction of temporary post-war bridges began in Zaporizhzhia . Shortly after the expulsion of the Germans from the territory of Khortytsia and the right bank, construction of temporary bridge crossings began which allowed for railway service between Zaporizhzhia and Nikopol while permanent bridges were constructed. Embankments were built on the left and right banks and on

100-544: A death toll between 20,000 and 100,000. Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941. The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people, and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers . The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia. Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February 1943, and again

150-615: A geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack's Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this "bowl", and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth). Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport , located to

200-508: A new and modern bridge with significantly greater vehicular capacity directly to the south of the existing bridges. New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge is a twin-span suspension bridge that began construction in 2004 and has been plagued with delays. The first deck of the bridge opened for public use in 2022. When completed, the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge will have 9 km of modern closed access highway connecting

250-430: Is a popular recreational area, has sanatoriums , resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches. Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 urban districts . The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhzhia as of 1 November 2015: The city population has been declining since the first years of state independence. In 2014–2015

300-778: Is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle. Each of the smaller islands between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala ("Rock of the Fool"), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal of the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb ("Pillar"), has

350-524: Is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas. Zaporizhstal, Ukraine's fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city. Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as "DniproHES" Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of

400-623: Is named after the nearby Khortytsia island, a national cultural reserve. The raion is located in the southern portion of the city, on the right-bank of the Dnipro River , neighboring the villages of Baburka and Novoslobidka in Zaporizhzhia Oblast . Its total area is 18.81 km (7.26 sq mi). The territory of the Khortytskyi District was first inhabited by German-speaking Mennonites settling

450-584: Is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the "north-south" transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih. The city has an extensive tram network with 7 lines called the Zaporizhzhia Tram . The city's two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along

500-531: Is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew's Cathedral in the city. Protestantism is represented by: Catholicism is represented by: The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities. In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of

550-673: Is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent): The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia: Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine . Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession  [ uk ] , which

SECTION 10

#1732790766176

600-611: The Chortitza Colony in the late 18th century. By the 1960s, the first residential neighborhoods were being constructed in the vicinity, which at the time administratively belonged to the city's Leninskyi District . On 19 January 1995, the Khortytskyi District was established out of a portion of the Leninskyi District by a decree of the Verkhovna Rada , Ukraine's parliament. This article about

650-729: The DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia. During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel , Petliura 's Ukrainian People's Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic , and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used

700-521: The Dnieper . These temporary bridges served Zaporizhzhia for almost 9 years. They were dismantled in December 1952 upon the completion and opening of the new Preobrazhensky Bridge. Preobrazhensky Bridge I is four-arch double-decker bridge across the new channel of the Dnieper . The length of the bridge is 560 meters, the height is 54 meters. Preobrazhensky II is a single-arch two-story bridge across

750-469: The Dnieper River . It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast . Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 estimate). Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia , multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in

800-735: The Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel. After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia's industries to Siberia . and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in

850-601: The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities. The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy . Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country's main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin ( Donbas ) and

900-600: The Verkhovna Rada approved the " Decommunisation Law ". Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city, monuments of the Soviet Union leaders Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed, and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed. Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since

950-630: The Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge , although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding. During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations , during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych , Zaporizhzhia's regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters, and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014. On 19 May 2016,

1000-506: The 'Fountain of Life' at the Mayakovskoho square  [ uk ] . A daily exhibition of artists' organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving , embroidery , beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers. The historical and cultural museum "Zaporizka Sich" is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum

1050-657: The Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side. Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove , Ready for

SECTION 20

#1732790766176

1100-486: The Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998). Zaporizhzhia is twinned with: Khortytskyi District The Khortytskyi District ( Ukrainian : Хортицький район , Khortyts'kyi raion ) is one of seven administrative urban districts (raions) of the city of Zaporizhzhia , located in southern Ukraine . Its population was 122,575 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census , and 117,871 as of 2012 . It

1150-630: The Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine's leading industrial complexes. The city is a home of Ukraine's main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria . After the end of the Russian Revolution , the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and

1200-680: The Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk. The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of the 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper , was followed by the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia. In 1916, during World War I,

1250-1126: The Theatre of Horse Riding " Zaporizhzhian Cossacks ", the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum , the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library . There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions. Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near

1300-727: The Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia thermal power station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant , the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab "VIE", the Theatre for Young-Age spectators,

1350-509: The aesthetic appearance of bridges which are considered a landmark in Zaporizhzhia . The Preobrazhensky bridges were primarily built as a road and railway crossing across the Dniper and were supposed to connect Kryvyi Rih with Donbas . At that time of their construction, cars were not as prominent in Ukraine , so bridges were built with one lane of traffic in either direction. However, over

1400-475: The beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts, and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening. Russia invaded and occupied part of Zaporizhzhia Oblast but failed to take Zaporizhzhia itself. On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant , raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown. Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on

1450-405: The bridge was the intended target of Russian forces fighting in Ukraine . Zaporizhzhia Zaporizhzhia ( Ukrainian : Запоріжжя , IPA: [zɐpoˈriʒʲːɐ] ; Russian : Запорожье , romanized :  Zaporozhye , IPA: [zəpɐˈroʐje] ), formerly known as Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine , situated on the banks of

1500-413: The bridges are consistently congested and experience long lines of traffic at either end waiting to conduct their crossing. Roadways connecting the bridge to Zaporizhzhia city center and Khortytskyi District were informally designed, poorly maintained and are prone to crashes. Deteriorating conditions on the bridge paired with issues related to traffic congestion triggered the design and construction of

1550-475: The center of Zaporizhzhia and Khortytskyi District and in doing so significantly reduce reliance on the aging Preobrazhensky Bridges and travel times between the districts. On April 21, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022) Russian cruise missiles fell on Khortytsia Island near the bridge. At that time, a train with evacuees leaving Zaporizhzhia for Lviv was traveling on the bridge. Windows on

Preobrazhensky Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-553: The city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha  [ uk ] and Mokra Moskovka  [ uk ] , Kushuhum  [ uk ] , and Verkhnia Khortytsia  [ uk ] . The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park . The ground surface is cut by large ravines (" balka "), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which

1650-412: The city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps. The Soviet Southwestern Front , commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky , attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943. The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city. In 2004, to alleviate congestion around

1700-537: The city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island . The city covers 334 km (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level. The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper  [ uk ] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper  [ uk ] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island size is 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi). Smaller rivers in

1750-510: The city. On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia. The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol . The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating

1800-467: The east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper. Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18 , which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol . The H08 , which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk , Kamianske , Dnipro , passes through Zaporizhzhia on

1850-480: The evening of 12/13 May. On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine , the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia , killing at least 30 people. On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people. Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine . The Dnieper splits

1900-597: The following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen , and in September 1943, the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovohrad . In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea . They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding

1950-419: The island of Khortytsia to facilitate the construction of both temporary and permanent bridges. During this time, 14 km of railway track was laid, and temporary bridges with a total length of 1,886 meters were built across both channels of the Dnieper. Before the start of construction, 10,000 mines laid on Khortytsia were defused by sappers. Construction of the permanent embankment on Khortytsia Island

2000-410: The old channel of the Dnieper . The length of the bridge is 228 meters. The bridge was the longest arch bridge in Ukraine until the construction of the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge in 1974. Bridge vaults on both structures are designed for the joint impact of railway and motor vehicle loads. The combination of arch structures with verticals of powerful reinforced concrete supports plays an important role in

2050-724: The original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line of the Russian Empire . Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya ( Александровская ) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions. Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of

Preobrazhensky Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-497: The past seventy years, a large residential population in the Khortytskyi District materialized, part of larger regional population growth that defined the post-war years in Zaporizhzhia . Due to the increases in traffic and freight loads, conditions on both of the bridges deteriorated. Both bridges are struggling with issues related to waterproofing and expansion joints deterioration. Due to their narrow configuration,

2150-410: The proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy ), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia

2200-633: The rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year. In January 2017, the population was 750,685. The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018). According to the 2001 census , 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians , 25.39% were Russians , 0.67% were Belarusians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks. Ukrainian

2250-560: The region. The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: "beyond the rapids"—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids . These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages . In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station . Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after

2300-726: The strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant , and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built. In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to

2350-406: The train were blown out as a result of the strike. Later that same day, the Russians struck the area with a second missile, which also hit Khortytsia Island. As a result, 8 citizens on the island were injured. The regional military-civilian administration reported that "the enemy once again tried to damage the infrastructure of the city of Zaporizhzhia by means of rocket attacks." It is believed that

2400-531: The way to Mariupol . The H15 from Donetsk and the H23  [ de ] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia. There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022. The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-1 railway station and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First

2450-462: Was conducted manually. The southern part of the dam was connected to a wooden bridge across the flood channels and the Dnipro, the length of this bridge was 1,330 meters. More than 1,500 piles alone were driven to support the wooden bridge. The supports of the temporary bridge were made of sleepers and logs impregnated with a special composition. Wooden trusses were attached to them, a floor made of beams

2500-419: Was laid on top and railway tracks were laid. The second bridge, which connected the western part of the embankment on Khortytsia Island with the right bank, was 556 meters long and was built in just 12 days. The construction of the bridges over the Dnieper was completed on February 20, 1944, and on February 23, 1944, the first train crossed both bridges thus restoring connection between the east and west banks of

#175824