A sculpture garden or sculpture park is an outdoor garden or park which includes the presentation of sculpture , usually several permanently sited works in durable materials in landscaped surroundings.
74-551: Presidents Park was a ten-acre sculpture park and associated indoor museum formerly located in Williamsburg , Virginia in the United States. It contained 18-to-20-foot (5.5 to 6.1 m) high busts of the presidents of the United States from George Washington to George W. Bush . The statues were sculpted by Houston artist David Adickes , who was inspired as he drove past Mount Rushmore when returning from
148-529: A salle de verdure , this bosquet contained a path encircling a central pentagonal area. In 1671, the bosquet was enlarged with a more elaborate system of paths that served to enhance the new central water feature, a fountain that resembled a mountain, hence the bosquets new name: Bosquet de la Montagne d'Eau . The bosquet was completely remodeled in 1704 at which time it was rechristened Bosquet de l'Étoile (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Created in 1670, this bosquet originally contained
222-460: A central rectangular pool surrounded by a turf border. Edging the pool were metal reeds that concealed numerous jets for water; a swan that had water jetting from its beak occupied each corner. The center of the pool featured an iron tree with painted tin leaves that sprouted water from its branches. Because of this tree, the bosquet was also known as the Bosquet du Chêne Vert . In 1705, this bosquet
296-600: A critical role in the hydraulic system that supplied water to the garden. The roof of the grotto supported a reservoir that stored water pumped from the Clagny pond and which fed the fountains lower in the garden via gravity. Located on the east–west axis just west and below the Parterre d'Eau , is the Bassin de Latone . Designed by André Le Nôtre, sculpted by Gaspard and Balthazar Marsy , and constructed between 1668 and 1670,
370-708: A distance of three-quarters of a mile. Citing repair and maintenance costs, Louis XVI ordered the Labyrinthe demolished in 1778. In its place, an arboretum of exotic trees was planted as an English-styled garden. Rechristened Bosquet de la Reine , it would be in this part of the garden that an episode of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace , which compromised Marie Antoinette , transpired in 1785 (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Perrault 1669; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Originally designed by André Le Nôtre in 1661 as
444-618: A dolphin. During the replantation of 1774–1775, both the bosquets were destroyed. The areas were replanted with lime trees and were rechristened the Quinconce du Nord and the Quinconce du Midi (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In 1665, André Le Nôtre planned a hedge maze of unadorned paths in an area south of the Latona Fountain near the Orangerie . (Loach, 1985) In 1669, Charles Perrault – author of
518-628: A length of 1,500 metres and a width of 62 metres, the Grand Canal , which was built between 1668 and 1671, physically and visually prolongs the east–west axis to the walls of the Grand Parc . During the Ancien Régime , the Grand Canal served as a venue for boating parties. In 1674, as a result of a series of diplomatic arrangements that benefited Louis XIV, the king ordered the construction of Petite Venise (Little Venice). Located at
592-403: A quatrefoil island surrounded by a channel that contained fifty water jets. Each lobe of the island contained a simple fountain; access to the island was obtained by two swing bridges. Beyond the channel and placed at the cardinal points within the bosquet were four additional fountains. Under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart , the bosquet was completely remodeled in 1706. The central island
666-466: A trip to Canada . The park was opened in March 2004 by local visitor attraction entrepreneur Everette H. "Haley" Newman III, who had been slowly taking delivery of the busts since 2000. The park had financial troubles and was closed on September 30, 2010. Creditors put the park up for auction (not including the busts) on September 28, 2012, after a foreclosure auction originally scheduled for April 26, 2012
740-474: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gardens of Versailles The Gardens of Versailles ( French : Jardins du château de Versailles [ʒaʁdɛ̃ dy ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] ) occupy part of what was once the Domaine royal de Versailles , the royal demesne of the château of Versailles . Situated to the west of the palace , the gardens cover some 800 hectares of land, much of which
814-612: Is landscaped in the classic French formal garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre . Beyond the surrounding belt of woodland, the gardens are bordered by the urban areas of Versailles to the east and Le Chesnay to the north-east, by the National Arboretum de Chèvreloup to the north, the Versailles plain (a protected wildlife preserve) to the west, and by the Satory Forest to the south. Administered by
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#1732780457593888-578: The Mother Goose Tales – advised Louis XIV to remodel the Labyrinthe in such a way as to serve the Dauphin's education (Perrault, 1669). Between 1672 and 1677, Le Nôtre redesigned the Labyrinthe to feature thirty-nine fountains that depicted stories from Aesop's Fables . The sculptors Jean-Baptiste Tuby , Étienne Le Hongre , Pierre Le Gros , and the brothers Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy worked on these thirty-nine fountains each of which
962-478: The Bosquet de la Renommée ( Bosquet des Dômes ) and the Bosquet de l'Encélade in 1675; and the Bosquet des Sources in 1678 (Marie 1972, 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In addition to the expansion of existing bosquets and the construction of new ones, there were two additional projects that defined this era, the Bassin des Sapins and the Pièce d'eau des Suisses . In 1676, the Bassin des Sapins , which
1036-576: The French formal garden of Le Nôtre and Hardouin-Mansart into a version of an English landscape garden . The attempt to convert Le Nôtre's masterpiece into an English-style garden failed to achieve its desired goal. Owing largely to the topology of the land, the English esthetic was abandoned and the gardens replanted in the French style. However, with an eye on economy, Louis XVI ordered the palissades –
1110-590: The Fronde , which occurred during the minority of Louis XIV. The link between Ovid's story and this episode from French history is emphasized by the reference to "mud slinging" in a political context. The revolts of the Fronde – the word fronde also means slingshot – have been regarded as the origin of the use of the term "mud slinging" in a political context. (Berger, 1992; Marie, 1968, 1972, 1976; Nolhac, 1901; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1961, 1985; Weber, 1981) Further along
1184-462: The Grand Canal also served a practical role. Situated at a low point in the gardens, it collected water it drained from the fountains in the garden above. Water from the Grand Canal was pumped back to the reservoir on the roof of the Grotte de Thétys via a network of windmill-powered and horse-powered pumps. (Thompson 2006) Situated above the Latona Fountain is the terrace of the château, known as
1258-584: The Grotte de Thétys and to meet the increased demand for water, Jules Hardouin-Mansart designed new and larger reservoirs situated due north of the Aile des Nobles (Thompson 2006). Construction for the ruinously expensive Canal de l'Eure was inaugurated in 1685; designed by Vauban it was intended to bring waters of the Eure over 80 kilometres, including aqueducts of heroic scale, but the works were abandoned in 1690: see The problem of water . Between 1686 and 1687,
1332-652: The Jardinier-Fleuriste , Claude Richard (1705–1784), assumed administration of the botanical gardens. In 1761, Louis XV commissioned Ange-Jacques Gabriel to build the Petit Trianon as a residence that would allow him to spend more time near the jardins botaniques . It was at the Petit Trianon that Louis XV fell fatally ill with smallpox; on 10 May 1774, the king died at Versailles. (Marie, 1984; Thompson, 2006) Upon Louis XVI 's ascension to
1406-406: The Parterre d'Eau . Forming a transitional element from the château to the gardens below and placed on the north–south axis of the gardens, the Parterre d'Eau provided a setting in which the imagery and symbolism of the decors of the grands appartements synthesized with the iconography of the gardens. In 1664, Louis XIV commissioned a series of statues intended to decorate the water feature of
1480-424: The Parterre d'Eau . The Grande Commande , as the commission is known, comprised twenty-four statues of the classic quaternities and four additional statues depicting abductions from the classic past. (Berger I, 1985; Friedman, 1988,1993; Hedin, 1981–1982; Marie, 1968; Nolhac, 1901; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1961, 1985; Weber, 1981) One of the distinguishing features of the gardens during the second building campaign
1554-558: The Parterrre d'Eau was demolished to accommodate a larger structure designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart. In addition to the Orangerie , the Escaliers des Cent Marches , which facilitated access to the gardens from the south, to the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses , and to the Parterre du Midi were constructed at this time, giving the gardens just south of the château their present configuration and decoration. Additionally, to accommodate
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#17327804575931628-480: The Pièce d'eau des Suisses – named for the Swiss Guards who constructed the lake – occupied an area of marshes and ponds, some of which had been used to supply water for the fountains in the garden. This water feature, with a surface area of more than 15 hectares, is the second largest – after the Grand Canal – at Versailles. (Marie 1972, 1975; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Modifications in
1702-658: The Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles , an autonomous public entity operating under the aegis of the French Ministry of Culture , the gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year. In addition to the meticulous manicured lawns, parterres , and sculptures are the fountains, which are located throughout
1776-597: The War of the League of Augsburg and the War of the Spanish Succession , no significant work on the gardens was undertaken until 1704. Between 1704 and 1709, bosquets were modified, some quite radically, with new names suggesting the new austerity that characterized the latter years of Louis XIV's reign. (Marie 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) With the departure of the king and court from Versailles in 1715 following
1850-465: The jardins botaniques and grandson of Claude Richard – lobbied the government to save Versailles. He succeeded in preventing further dispersing of the Grand Parc and threats to destroy the Petit Parc were abolished by suggesting that the parterres could be used to plant vegetable gardens and that orchards could occupy the open areas of the garden. These plans were never put into action; however,
1924-675: The Île du Roi and the Miroir d'Eau into an English-style garden – the Jardin du Roi . (Thompson 2006) While much of the château's interior was irreparably altered to accommodate the Museum of the History of France dedicated to "all the glories of France" (inaugurated by Louis Philippe I on 10 June 1837), the gardens, by contrast, remained untouched. With the exception of the state visit of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1855, at which time
1998-462: The "Anglo-Chinese" garden at the time, which stretched to the north and east of the Petit Trianon. Some of the exotic specimens from the botanic garden were preserved in the gardens, but most were brought to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. A lake and several meandering rivers were formed as part of the new landscaping and the architect Richard Mique was entrusted with designing follies to embellish
2072-522: The 1660s. This early layout, which has survived in the so-called Du Bus plan of c.1662, shows an established topography along which lines of the gardens evolved. This is evidenced in the clear definition of the main east–west and north–south axis that anchors the gardens' layout. In 1661, after the disgrace of the finance minister Nicolas Fouquet , who was accused by rivals of embezzling crown funds in order to build his luxurious château at Vaux-le-Vicomte , Louis XIV turned his attention to Versailles. With
2146-419: The 17th and 18th centuries. With Louis XIII's final purchase of lands from Jean-François de Gondi in 1632 and his assumption of the seigneurial role of Versailles in the 1630s, formal gardens were laid out west of the château. Records indicate that late in the decade Claude Mollet and Hilaire Masson designed the gardens, which remained relatively unchanged until the expansion ordered under Louis XIV in
2220-555: The Bassin de Latone, under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, was rebuilt. It is this version of the fountain that is today at Versailles. (Hedin 1992; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) During this phase of construction, three of the garden's major bosquets were modified or created. Beginning with the Galerie des Antiques , this bosquet was constructed in 1680 on the site of the earlier and short-lived Galerie d'Eau (1678). This bosquet
2294-467: The Marsy brothers depicting the sun god attended by nereids (central grouping) and his horses being groomed by attendants of Thetis (the two accompanying statue groups). Originally, these statues were set in three individual niches in the grotto and were surrounded by various fountains and water features. (Marie 1968; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Technically, the "'Grotte de Thétys" played
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2368-754: The South Dakota busts could still be seen in 2015 at various RV parks and hotels around the Dakotas. This Virginia museum–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sculpture park A sculpture garden may be private, owned by a museum and accessible freely or for a fee, or public and accessible to all. Some cities own large numbers of public sculptures , some of which they may present together in city parks . Exhibits range from individual, traditional sculptures to large site-specific installations . Sculpture gardens may also vary greatly in size and scope, either featuring
2442-545: The United States, the oldest public sculpture garden is a part of the joint park and wildlife preserve Brookgreen Gardens , located in South Carolina. The property was opened in 1932, and has since been included on the National Register of Historic Places . This article related to an art display, art museum or gallery is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This garden-related article
2516-415: The aid of Fouquet's architect Louis Le Vau , painter Charles Le Brun , and landscape architect André Le Nôtre , Louis began an embellishment and expansion program at Versailles that would occupy his time and worries for the remainder of his reign. From this point forward, the expansion of the gardens of Versailles followed the expansions of the château. Accordingly, Louis XIV's building campaigns apply to
2590-399: The anticipated construction of the Aile des Nobles – the north wing of the château – the Grotte de Thétys was demolished. (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976; Nolhac 1899, 1901, 1902, 1925) With the construction of the Aile des Nobles (1685–1686), the Parterre du Nord was remodeled to respond to the new architecture of this part of the château. To compensate for the loss of the reservoir on top of
2664-470: The causeway was remodelled and most of the water jets were removed. A century later, in 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the Île du Roi and the Miroir d'Eau to be completely remodeled as an English-style garden. At this time, the bosquet was rechristened Jardin du Roi (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In 1671, André Le Nôtre conceived a bosquet – originally christened Salle des Festins and later called Salle du Conseil – that featured
2738-611: The cave, broken stalagmites were arranged in a series of stacked or ring-like structures approximately 175,000 years ago. Garden statues , often of very high quality, were a feature of ancient Roman gardens , revived at the Renaissance , and then especially a feature of the Baroque garden . Palace gardens, such as the Gardens of Versailles , featured a concentration of sculpture equalling that of larger modern sculpture parks. In
2812-451: The collected works of multiple artists, or the artwork of a single individual. These installations are related to several similar concepts, most notably land art , where landscapes become the basis of a site-specific sculpture , and topiary gardens, which consists of clipping or training live plants into living sculptures. A sculpture trail layout may be adopted, either in a park or through open countryside. The Irwell Sculpture Trail ,
2886-479: The completion of the Bassin de Neptune (1738–1741). (Marie 1984; Verlet 1985) Rather than expend resources on modifying the gardens at Versailles, Louis XV – an avid botanist – directed his efforts at Trianon. In the area now occupied by the Hameau de la Reine , Louis XV constructed and maintained les jardins botaniques – the botanical gardens . In 1750, the year in which les jardins botaniques were constructed,
2960-415: The criteria for restoration of the château and preservation of the gardens, which are ongoing to this day. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Owing to the many modifications made to the gardens between the 17th and the 19th centuries, many of the bosquets have undergone multiple modifications, which were often accompanied by name changes. These two bosquets were first laid out in 1663. Located north and south of
3034-400: The death of Louis XIV, the palace and gardens entered an era of uncertainty. In 1722, Louis XV and the court returned to Versailles. Seeming to heed his great-grandfather's admonition not to engage in costly building campaigns, Louis XV did not undertake the costly building campaigns at Versailles that Louis XIV had. During the reign of Louis XV, the only significant addition to the gardens was
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3108-498: The direction of André Le Nôtre. (Nolhac 1901; Thompson 2006) Beginning in 1684, the Parterre d'Eau was remodeled under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Statues from the Grande Commande of 1674 were relocated to other parts of the garden; two twin octagonal basins were constructed and decorated with bronze statues representing the four main rivers of France. In the same year, Le Vau's Orangerie , located to south of
3182-589: The east–west axis is the Bassin d'Apollon – the Apollo Fountain. Occupying the site of Rondeau/Bassin des Cygnes of Louis XIII, the Apollo Fountain, which was constructed between 1668 and 1671, depicts the sun god driving his chariot to light the sky. The fountain forms a focal point in the garden and serves as a transitional element between the gardens of the Petit Parc and the Grand Canal . (Marie 1968; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) With
3256-415: The east–west axis, these two bosquets were arranged as a series of paths around four salles de verdure and which converged on a central "room" that contained a fountain. In 1682, the southern bosquet was remodeled as the Bosquet de la Girondole , thus named due to spoke-like arrangement of the central fountain. The northern bosquet was rebuilt in 1696 as the Bosquet du Dauphin with a fountain that featured
3330-458: The fountain depicted an episode from Ovid's Metamorphoses . Latona and her children, Apollo and Diana , being tormented with mud slung by Lycian peasants , who refused to let her and her children drink from their pond, appealed to Jupiter who responded by turning the Lycians into frogs. This episode from mythology has been seen by historians in reference as an allegory to the revolts of
3404-512: The garden. Dating from the time of Louis XIV and still using much of the same network of hydraulics as was used during the Ancien Régime , the fountains contribute to making the gardens of Versailles unique. On weekends from late spring to early autumn, the administration of the museum sponsors the Grandes Eaux – spectacles during which all the fountains in the gardens are in full play. Designed by André Le Nôtre, the Grand Canal is
3478-589: The gardens as well. At every stage the prescribed tour was carefully managed, under the Sun King's directions. In 1662, minor modifications to the château were undertaken; however, greater attention was given to developing the gardens. Existing bosquets and parterres were expanded and new ones created. Most significant among the creations at this time were the Versailles Orangerie and the "Grotte de Thétys". (Nolhac 1901, 1925) The Orangery, which
3552-471: The gardens assumed the topographical and iconological design vocabulary that would remain in force until the 18th century. As André Félibien noted in his description of Versailles, solar and apollonian themes predominated with projects constructed at the time: "Since the sun was the emblem of Louis XIV, and that poets join the sun and Apollo, there is nothing in this superb house that does not relation to this divinity." (Félibien, 1674). Three additions formed
3626-538: The gardens during the third building campaign were distinguished by a stylistic change from the natural esthetic of André Le Nôtre to the architectonic style of Jules Hardouin Mansart . The first major modification to the gardens during this phase occurred in 1680 when the Tapis Vert – the expanse of lawn that stretches between the Latona Fountain and the Apollo Fountain – achieved its final size and definition under
3700-742: The gardens like the Grotto, the Belvedere and the Temple of Love . Beyond the "Anglo-Chinese" garden, the Hameau de la Reine was built between 1782 and 1788, designed by Mique and Hubert Robert. In 1792, under order from the National Convention , some of the trees in gardens were felled, while parts of the Grand Parc were parceled and dispersed. Sensing the potential threat to Versailles, Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821) – director of
3774-420: The gardens over a period of one week. As a result of this fête – particularly the lack of housing for guests (most of them had to sleep in their carriages), Louis realized the shortcomings of Versailles and began to expand the château and the gardens once again. (Verlet, 1961, 1985) Between 1664 and 1668, a flurry of activity was evidenced in the gardens – especially with regard to fountains and new bosquets; it
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#17327804575933848-446: The gardens were a setting for a gala fête that recalled the fêtes of Louis XIV, Napoleon III ignored the château, preferring instead the château of Compiègne (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). With the arrival of Pierre de Nolhac as director of the museum in 1892, a new era of historical research began at Versailles. Nolhac, an ardent archivist and scholar, began to piece together the history of Versailles, and subsequently established
3922-530: The gardens were left unchanged, save for the disastrous felling of trees in the Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe and the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines . Massive soil erosion necessitated planting new trees. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) With the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, the gardens of Versailles witnessed the first modifications since the Revolution. In 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the conversion of
3996-471: The gardens were opened to the public – it was not uncommon to see people washing their laundry in the fountains and spreading it on the shrubbery to dry. (Thompson 2006) In 1793 most of the decorative pieces of the Triumphal Arch Grove were destroyed. The Napoleonic era largely ignored Versailles. In the château, a suite of rooms was arranged for the use of the empress Marie-Louise , but
4070-409: The gardens. Symbolically, the "Grotte de Thétys" related to the myth of Apollo – and by that association to Louis XIV. It was as the cave of the sea nymph Thetis , where Apollo rested after driving his chariot to light the sky. The grotto was a freestanding structure located just north of the château. The interior, which was decorated with shell-work to represent a sea cave, contained the statue group by
4144-452: The junction of the Grand Canal and the junction of the northern transversal branch, Little Venice housed the caravels and yachts that were received from The Netherlands and the gondolas and gondoliers received as gifts from the Doge of Venice , hence the name. (Marie 1968; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Above and beyond the decorative and festive aspects of this garden feature,
4218-415: The labour-intensive clipped hedging that formed walls in the bosquets – to be replaced with rows of lime trees or chestnut trees. Additionally, a number of the bosquets dating from the time of the Sun King were extensively modified or destroyed. The most significant contribution to the gardens during the reign of Louis XVI was the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon . The rockwork grotto set in an English style bosquet
4292-399: The larger – Île du Roi – contained an island that formed the focal point of a system of elaborate fountains. The Île du Roi was separated from the Miroir d'Eau by a causeway that featured twenty-four water jets. In 1684, the island was removed and the total number of water jets in the bosquet was significantly reduced. The year 1704 witnessed a major renovation of the bosquet at which time
4366-586: The largest public art scheme in England, includes 28 art pieces along a 30-mile (48 km) footpath stretching from Salford Quays through Bury into Rossendale and up to the Pennines above Bacup . Sculpture gardens have a long history around the world – the oldest known collection of human constructions is a Neanderthal "sculpture garden" unearthed in Bruniquel Cave in France in 1990. Within
4440-562: The masterpiece of the Gardens of Versailles. In the Gardens too, the Grand Trianon was built to provide the Sun King with the retreat he wanted. The Petit Trianon is associated with Marie Antoinette , who spent her time there with her closest relatives and friends. In 1979, the gardens along with the château were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for their cultural importance during
4514-502: The open elements. The 400-acre Croaker farm where the 20-foot busts are located are only accessible to the public during pop-up tours the owner holds throughout the year. Artist David Adickes sculpted a second set of Presidential busts. They were placed on display at a similar outdoor park museum setting in Lead near Deadwood , South Dakota which was operated by the artist himself, until it too closed after financial difficulties. Some of
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#17327804575934588-507: The second building campaign. (Verlet 1985) By 1664, the gardens had evolved to the point that Louis XIV inaugurated the gardens with the fête galante called Les Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée . The event, which officially was to celebrate his mother, Anne d'Autriche , and his consort Marie-Thérèse but in reality celebrated Louise de La Vallière , Louis' mistress, was held in May of that year. Guests were regaled with fabulous entertainments in
4662-460: The throne, the gardens of Versailles underwent a transformation that recalled the fourth building campaign of Louis XIV. Engendered by a change in outlook as advocated by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Philosophes , the winter of 1774–1775 witnessed a complete replanting of the gardens. Trees and shrubbery dating from the reign of Louis XIV were felled or uprooted with the intent of transforming
4736-494: The topological and symbolic nexus of the gardens during this phase of construction: the completion of the "Grotte de Thétys", the " Bassin de Latone ", and the " Bassin d'Apollon ". Started in 1664 and finished in 1670 with the installation of the statuary by the Gilles Guérin , François Girardon , Thomas Regnaudin , Gaspard Marsy , and Balthazar Marsy , the grotto formed an important symbolic and technical component to
4810-565: Was accompanied by a plaque on which the fable was printed, with verse written by Isaac de Benserade ; from these plaques, Louis XIV's son learned to read. Once completed in 1677, the Labyrinthe contained thirty-nine fountains with 333 painted metal animal sculptures. The water for the elaborate waterworks was conveyed from the Seine by the Machine de Marly . The Labyrinthe contained fourteen water-wheels driving 253 pumps, some of which worked at
4884-491: Was cancelled without explanation. By January 10, 2013, the busts had been moved to private storage at a nearby local farm in Croaker, Virginia by Howard Hankins. In 2017, National Geographic showcased a video in which Mr Hankins expresses a hope to rehabilitate the statues for a park in the future. However, many of the presidential heads sustained damage in the move and are currently in a state of disrepair due to being out in
4958-565: Was conceived as an open-air gallery in which antique statues and copies acquired by the Académie de France in Rome were displayed. The following year, construction began on the Salle de Bal . Located in a secluded section of the garden west of the Orangerie , this bosquet was designed as an amphitheater that featured a cascade – the only one surviving in the gardens of Versailles. The Salle de Bal
5032-456: Was designed by Louis Le Vau , was located south of the château, a situation that took advantage of the natural slope of the hill. It provided a protected area in which orange trees were kept during the winter months. (Nolhac 1899, 1902) The "Grotte de Thétys", which was located to the north of the château, formed part of the iconography of the château and of the gardens that aligned Louis XIV with solar imagery. The grotto would be completed during
5106-466: Was destroyed in order to allow for the creation of the Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon , which was created to house the statues had once stood in the Grotte de Thétys . During the reign of Louis XVI, Hubert Robert remodeled the bosquet, creating a cave-like setting for the Marsy statues. The bosquet was renamed the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Originally designed in 1671 as two separate water features,
5180-502: Was during this time that the imagery of the gardens consciously exploited Apollo and solar imagery as metaphors for Louis XIV. Le Vau's enveloppe of the Louis XIII's château provided a means by which, though the decoration of the garden façade, imagery in the decors of the grands appartements of the king and queen formed a symbiosis with the imagery of the gardens. (Lighthart, 1997; Mâle, 1927) With this new phase of construction,
5254-599: Was inaugurated in 1685 with a ball hosted by the Grand Dauphin . Between 1684 and 1685, Jules Hardouin-Mansart built the Colonnade . Located on the site of Le Nôtre's Bosquet des Sources , this bosquet featured a circular peristyle formed from thirty-two arches with twenty-eight fountains and was Hardouin-Mansart's most architectural of the bosquets built in the gardens of Versailles (Marie 1972, 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Due to financial constraints arising from
5328-525: Was located north of the château below the Parterre du Nord and the Allée des Marmousets was designed to form a topological pendant along the north–south axis with the Pièce d'eau des Suisses located at the base of the Satory hill south of the château. Later modifications in the garden would transform this fountain into the Bassin de Neptune . (Marie 1972, 1975; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) Excavated in 1678,
5402-417: Was the masterpiece of Hubert Robert in which the statues from the Grotte de Thétys were placed. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985) At the Petit Trianon, which was gifted to Marie Antoinette by Louis XVI in 1774, the new Queen dramatically relandscaped the surrounding parkland and gardens. Between 1776 and 1786, the botanic gardens and working farm of Louis XV were obliterated to create an English garden, called
5476-420: Was the proliferation of bosquets. Expanding the layout established during the first building campaign, Le Nôtre added or expanded on no fewer that ten bosquets: The Bosquet du Marais in 1670; the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau , Île du Roi and Miroir d'Eau , the Salle des Festins ( Salle du Conseil ), the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines in 1671; the Labyrinthe and the Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1672;
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